Chapter 3

Ohm’s Law
Note: Solutions show conventional current direction.

Section 3-1 The Relationship of Current, Voltage, and Resistance

1. (a) When voltage triples, current triples.

(b) When voltage is reduced 75%, current is reduced 75%.
(c) When resistance is doubled, current is halved.
(d) When resistance is reduced 35%, current increases 54%.
(e) When voltage is doubled and resistance is halved, current quadruples.
(f) When voltage and resistance are both doubled, current is unchanged.

V
2. I=
R
3. V = IR

V
4. R=
I

5. See Figure 3-1.

0V
I= =0A
100 
10 V
I= = 100 mA
100 
20 V
I= = 200 mA
100 
30 V
I= = 300 mA
100 
40 V
I= = 400 mA
100 
50 V
I= = 500 mA
100 
60 V
I= = 600 mA
100 
70 V
I= = 700 mA
100  Figure 3-1
80 V
I= = 800 mA
100 
90 V
I= = 900 mA The graph is a straight line indicating a linear relationship
100  between V and I.
100 V
I= =1A
100 

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 Chapter 3

1V
6. R= = 200 
15 mA
1.5 V
(a) I= = 7.5 mA
200 
2V
(b) I= = 10 mA
200 
3V
(c) I= = 15 mA
200 
4V
(d) I= = 20 mA
200 
10 V
(e) I= = 50 mA
200 
7. Pick a voltage value and find the corresponding value of current by projecting a line up from the
voltage value on the horizontal axis to the resistance line and then across to the vertical axis.
V 1V
R1 =  = 500 m
I 2A
V 1V
R2 =  =1
I 1A
V 1V
R3 =  =2
I 0.5 A

8. See Figure 3-2.

Figure 3-2

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Chapter 3

2V
I= = 0.244 mA
8.2 k
4V
I= = 0.488 mA
8.2 k
6V
I= = 0.732 mA
8.2 k
8V
I= = 0.976 mA
8.2 k
10 V
I= = 1.22 mA
8.2 k

9. See Figure 3-3.

Figure 3-3

2V
I= = 1.27 mA
1.58 k
4V
I= = 2.53 mA
1.58 k
6V
I= = 3.80 mA
1.58 k
8V
I= = 5.06 mA
1.58 k
10 V
I= = 6.33 mA
1.58 k

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 Chapter 3

50 V
10. (a) I= = 15.2 mA
3.3 k
75 V
(b) I= = 19.2 mA
3.9 k
100 V
(c) I= = 21.3 mA
4.7 k

Circuit (c) has the most current and circuit (a) has the least current.

VS 10 V
11. R=  = 0.2 k = 200 
30 mA 50 mA
VS = (200 )(30 mA) = 6 V (new value)
The battery voltage decreased by 4 V (from 10 V to 6 V).

12. The current increase is 50%, so the voltage increase must also be 50%.
VINC = (0.5)(20 V) = 10 V
V2 = 20 V + VINC = 20 V + 10 V = 30 V (new value)

13. See Figure 3-4.

10 V 10 V 10 V
(a) I= = 10 A (b) I= =2A (c) I= = 0.5 A
1 5 20 
20 V 20 V 20 V
I= = 20 A I= =4A I= =1A
1 5 20 
30 V 30 V 30 V
I= = 30 A I= =6A I= = 1.5 A
1 5 20 
40 V 40 V 40 V
I= = 40 A I= =8A I= =2A
1 5 20 
50 V 50 V 50 V
I= = 50 A I= = 10 A I= = 2.5 A
1 5 20 
60 V 60 V 60 V
I= = 60 A I= = 12 A I= =3A
1 5 20 
70 V 70 V 70 V
I= = 70 A I= = 14 A I= = 3.5 A
1 5 20 
80 V 80 V 80 V
I= = 80 A I= = 16 A I= =4A
1 5 20 
90 V 90 V 90 V
I= = 90 A I= = 18 A I= = 4.5 A
1 5 20 
100 V 100 V 100 V
I= = 100 A I= = 20 A I= =5A
1 5 20 

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Chapter 3

10 V
(d) I= = 0.1 A
100 
20 V
I= = 0.2 A
100 
30 V
I= = 0.3 A
100 
40 V
I= = 0.4 A
100 
50 V
I= = 0.5 A
100 
60 V
I= = 0.6 A
100 
70 V
I= = 0.7 A
100 
80 V
I= = 0.8 A
100 
90 V
I= = 0.9 A
100 
100 V
I= =1A
100  Figure 3-4

14. Yes, the lines on the IV graph are straight lines.

Section 3-2 Current Calculations

V 5V
15. (a) I=  =5A
R 1
V 15 V
(b) I=  = 1.5 A
R 10 
V 50 V
(c) I=  = 500 mA
R 100 
V 30 V
(d) I=  = 2 mA
R 15 k
V 250 V
(e) I=  = 44.6 A
R 5 . 6 M

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 Chapter 3

V 9V
16. (a) I=  = 3.33 mA
R 2.7 k
V 5.5 V
(b) I=  = 550 A
R 10 k
V 40 V
(c) I=  = 588 A
R 68 k
V 1 kV
(d) I=  = 455 mA
R 2 .2 k 
V 66 kV
(e) I=  = 6.6 mA
R 10 M

V 12 V
17. I=  = 1.2 A
R 10 

18. R = 3300   5%
Rmax = 3300  + (0.5)(3300 ) = 3465 
Rmin = 3300   (0.5)(3300 ) = 3135 
V 12 V
Imax = s  = 3.83 mA
Rmin 3135 
V 12 V
Imin = s  = 3.46 mA
Rmax 3465 

19. R = 47 k  10%
Rmin = 47 k  0.1(4.7 k) = 42.3 k
Rmax = 47 k + 0.1(4.7 k) = 51.7 k
V 25 V
Imin =  = 484 A
Rmax 51.7 k
V 25 V
Imax =  = 591 A
Rmin 42.3 k
V 25 V
Inom =  = 532 A
R 47 k

20. R = 37.4 
V 12 V
I=  = 0.321 A
R 37.4 

21. I = 0.642 A
Yes, the current exceeds the 0.5 A rating of the fuse.

22. VR(max) = 120 V  100 V = 20 V

VR ( max ) 20 V
Imax =  = 2.5 A
Rmin 8
A fuse with a rating of less than 2.5 A must be used. A 2-A fuse is suggested.

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Chapter 3

V 3V
23. I   9.1mA
R 330

Section 3-3 Voltage Calculations

24. V  IR  180A  27k   4.86V

25. (a) V = IR = (2 A)(18 ) = 36 V

(b) V = IR = (5 A)(56 ) = 280 V
(c) V = IR = (2.5 A)(680 ) = 1.7 kV
(d) V = IR = (0.6 A)(47 ) = 28.2 V
(e) V = IR = (0.1 A)(560 ) = 56 V

26. (a) V = IR = (1 mA)(10 ) = 10 mV

(b) V = IR = (50 mA)(33 ) = 1.65 V
(c) V = IR = (3 A)(5.6 k) = 16.8 kV
(d) V = IR = (1.6 mA)(2.2 k) = 3.52 V
(e) V = IR = (250 A)(1 k) = 250 mV
(f) V = IR = (500 mA)(1.5 M) = 750 kV
(g) V = IR = (850 A)(10 M) = 8.5 kV
(h) V = IR = (75 A)(47 ) = 3.53 mV

27. VS = IR = (3 A)(27 ) = 81 V

28. (a) V = IR = (3 mA)(27 k) = 81 V

(b) V = IR = (5 A)(100 M) = 500 V
(c) V = IR = (2.5 A)(47 ) = 117.5 V

(10.4 CM   / ft)(24 ft)

29. Wire resistance = RW = = 0.154 
1624.3 CM
V 6V
(a) I=  = 59.9 mA
R  RW 100.154 
(b) VR = (59.9 mA)(100 ) = 5.99 V
R 
(c) VRW = I  W  = (59.9 mA)(0.154 /2) = 4.61 mV
 2 

Section 3-4 Resistance Calculations

V 10 V
30. (a) R=  =5
I 2A
V 90 V
(b) R=  =2
I 45 A
V 50 V
(c) R=  = 10 
I 5A

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 Chapter 3

V 5.5 V
(d) R=  = 550 m
I 10 A
V 150 V
(e) R=  = 300 
I 0.5 A

V 10 kV
31. (a) R=  = 2 k
I 5A
V 7V
(b) R=  = 3.5 k
I 2 mA
V 500 V
(c) R=  = 2 k
I 250 mA
V 50 V
(d) R=  = 100 k
I 500 A
V 1 kV
(e) R=  = 1 M
I 1 mA

V 6V
32. R=  = 3 k
I 2 mA

V 120 V
33. (a) RFIL: =  = 150 
I 0.8 A

34. Measure the current with an ammeter connected as shown in Figure 3-5, then calculate the
unknown resistance as R = 12 V/I.

V 100 V
35. R=  = 133 
I 750 mA Figure 3-5
V 100 V
R=  = 100 
I 1A
The source can be shorted if the rheostat is set to 0 .

120 V
36. Rmin + 15  = = 60 . Thus Rmin = 60   15  = 45 
2A

The rheostat must actually be set to slightly greater than 45  so that the current is limited to
slightly less than 2 A.

110 V
37. Rmin + 15  = = 110 
1A
Rmin = 110   15  = 95 

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Chapter 3

Section 3-5 Introduction to Troubleshooting

38. The 4th bulb from the left is open.

39. It should take five (maximum) resistance measurements.

Multisim Troubleshooting and Analysis

40. RB is open.

41. RA = 560 k, RB = 2.2 M, RC = 1.8 k, RD = 33 

42. No fault. I = 1.915 mA, V = 9.00 V

43. V = 18 V, I = 5.455 mA, R = 3.3 k

44. R is leaky.

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