ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW

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LESSON 1: PHONETICS
A. Pronunciation.
1/ Pronunciation of -ED
* / id/ : / t, d /
* / t/ : / f, k, p, s, ks, t , , /
* / d/ sau cc ph m cn li v cc nguyn m
Note: some special adjectives ending in ED, and some adverbs pronounced / id /
Adj : naked crooked ragged wretched rugged
learned beloved wicked sacred
2/ Pronunciation of -s or -es ( present simple/ plural nouns/possessive)
* /S/ : / k, t, p, f, /
*/ iz/ : / ks, t , , , , z, s/
* / z/ : sau cc ph m cn li v cc nguyn m
Note: */ / : truth, month, mouth, south, death , both, bath....
*/ ks/ : box...
*/ f / : laugh, cough...
*/t /: watch...
*/ / : wash
B. Stress
1.Prefixes khng lm tthay i trng m chnh ca t
un, im, in, ir , dis, not, en, re, over, under,
Ex: unimportant. Inaccurate, irregular, dislike, nonsmoker, reorder, overcome, underweight.
Exception ( ngoi l) : understatement, undergrowth, underground, underpants
2. Suffixes khng lm thay i trng m chnh ca t
-Ful,- less, -able,-al,-ous,-ly,-er/ -or, -ing, ise/ize, -en, -ment, -ness, -ship, -hood,
Ex: beautiful, thoughtless, enjoyable, dangerous, happily. National, worker, memorize, widen,
enjoyment, relationship, childhood,
3. Nhng t tn cng bng cc tip v ng sau c trng m chnh ri vo m tit ngay trc m
tit cha tip v ng .
-tion, sion, -ic, ical,-ity, ial, -ially, -itive, -logy, -grahpy, -try.
Ex: protection, decision, scientific, musical, ability, essential, social, competitive, technology...
Exception: television, Arabic, arithmetic, politics, catholic
4. Nhng t tn cng bng cc tip v ng sau c trng m chnh ri vo m tit cch n mt
m tit : -ate , -ary
Ex: investigate, communicate, dictionary, necessary, January.
Exception: docu'mentary, ele'mentary, ex'traordinary, supple'mentary
5.Nhng tip v ng sau thng nhn trng m chnh
-ee, -eer, ese, -ain( for Verbs only ), -aire, -ique., -esque
EX: degree, engineer, nominee, Vietnamese, Japanese, remain, questionnaire, millionaire,
technique, unique, picturesque
Exception: committee, coffee
6.Trng m nhng t hai m tit:
*Verbs and adjectives: du nhn ri vo m tit th hai nu m tit th hai cha: nguyn m
di, nguyn m i ( tr "" ), hoc kt thc bng hai ph m.
Ex : escape, forget, relax, enjoy, allow, repeat, attract ( nhn m tit th hai)
promise, answer, enter, offer, open. Happen, listen( nhn m tit th nht)
*Nouns: nhn vo m tit th nht nu m tit th hai cha nguyn m ngn.
Ex: standard, handsome, carpet, pretty, busy. table( nhn m tit th nht)
machine, mistake, alone....( nhn m tit th hai)
C. Mt s t hai m tit va l V , N th N c trng m chnh m tit u tin, cn V nhn
m tit th hai
EX: present, export, import, record,, contrast, object, insult .


ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
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LESSON 2: -TENSES
tense Form Use-Example Du hiu Th Ho hp Th
Simple
present
(HT)
*BE : is , am are
*V
ordinary
:
-I /we/ you /they +
Vinf
-she / he / it + Vs/es
Do/ does +S + Vinf?
S +dont / doesnt +
Vinf
1. Chn l, s tht hin nhin: The
sun sets in the west.
2. Thi quen: She usually get up at
six oclock.
3. Cu iu kin loi I , if clause.
4. Thay cho Th HTTD i vi mt
s V khng dng c trong Th
TD
5. Trong Clauses of time nu MDC
Tng lai
Often, usually.
frequently, always,
constantly,
sometimes,
occasionally, seldom,
rarely,
everyday(week,
month)
HT:---HT
HT- HTTD
HT :---HTHT
HT- TL
-TLTD
-TLHT
Present
Continuous
(HTTD)
Is/ am / are + Ving 1. hnh ng ang xy ra ngay ti
thi im ni hoc xung quanh thi
im ni hin ti
Ex: He is playing football at the
moment.
This month I am writing a book
NOTE: mt s V khng dng vi
Th ny.
2. K hoch trong tng lai gn
(thng km theo thi gian tng
lai : next, tomorrow.)
At the moment, now ,
right now, at present.
Sau cc cu cm thn.
HTTD- HTTD
HTTD - HT
While + HTTD
When +HT
Present
perfect
(HTHT)
Has/ Have +
Ved/ V3
1. Hnh ng bt u QK ko di
n HT, Tng lai. ( for, since)
I have learned English for two
years.
2. hnh ng xy ra ri QK
nhng thi gian khng r( Nhn
mnh hnh ng thc hin
xong)
EX: I have seen that film
3. Hnh ng xy ra nhiu ln
v c th tip tc xy ra HT, TL:
She has writen many novels.
4.Hnh nh va mi xy ra.
( just)
Just, recently, lately
Ever, never, already,
yet, before
So far, until now, up
to now, up to the
present : cho n by
gi.
For: khong thi gian
Since: Mc thi gian,
Mnh :
( QK)
HTHT-HTD.

HTHT since
QK

It is the first (
second..) time +
S+ HTHT( ever)

IT is the Adj so
snh nht + S +
HTHT
Present
perfect
continuous
(HTHTTD)
Has/ Have+been
+Ving
1. Hnh ng bt u QK ko di
n HT, Tng lai
( Ging HTHT 1) - Nhn mnh tnh
cht lin tc ca mt hnh ng t
lc bt u ti lc ni
Ex: He has been writing his report
for 2 hours


For/ since

Past simple
QK
* Be: was/ were
* S +Ved/ V2
* S+ didnt +Vinf
Did+ S + Vinf?
1. Hnh ng xy ra v kt thc
QK -thi gian xc nh r.
2. Chui cc hnh ng xy ra lin
tip nhau trong QK
When she saw him , she turned
away
3. Vi when hi v thi gian hnh
ng xy ra QK.
4. Hnh ng ngn xy ra chen
ngang vo H ang xy ra ca TH
QKTD.
5. Hnh ng ngn xy ra sau H
TH QKHT.
6. Thi quen QK
In 1998( nm).
Last night ( year,
month, week...
Ago
Yesterday..

QK-QK
QK-QKTD
QK-QKHT.

QK : ngn
QKTD: di,
ang xy ra.
QKHT: xy ra
trc
Past Was/ Were+ Ving 1. Hnh ng ang xy ra vo mt When QK-,
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
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continuous
QKTD
thi im xc nh QK.
Eg: I was doing my homework at 6
p.m last sunday
2. hnh ng ang xy ra QK th
c mt H ngn chen vo.( QK)
3. Cc H cng ang xy ra song
song vi nhau QK.
At 8pm yesterday.

At this time yesterday.

While+QKTD( nu
QK)
QKTD
While QKTD-
QK
While QKTD-
QKTD

Past perfect
QKHT
Had+ Ved/ V3 1. H xy ra trc mt mc thi
gian hoc mt H khc trong QK.
(H xy ra sau :QK)
Eg: We had worked here for 5
years by the end of last year.
When I got up this morning , my
father had already left
2. L Th tng ng ca HTHT
trong QK.
He said that he had done his
homework since 7am.
3. Cu K loi III , M IF
-Before , by + mc tg
QK
cc du hiu HTHT
c th l ca QKHT
nu QK
(-No sooner QKHT
than QK.
-Hardly QKHT when
QK
Va mi....... ri th )
QKHT-QK
ni vi nhau =
after, before,
when, as soon
as, by the time,
till, until...
( Hxy ra
trc : QKHT,
H xy ra sau:
QK)

Past perfect
continuous
QKHTTD
Had been + Ving 1. H xy ra v ko di cho n
mt thi im trong QK, hoc mt
H khc QK xy ra.
{H Sau ( QK) }.
Eg:The men had been playing cards
for two hours before I came
For + Khong tg -QKHTT
before QK
-When QK,
QKHTTD
Simple
future
TL
Will/ shall + Vinf 1. H s xy ra trong TL( mt
quuyt tm hoc kin)
Eg: I will call you tomorrow.
2. Cu K 1, MC
Some day, tomorrow
Next week ( year,
month)
soon
TL when/ as
soon as/ until
HT/ HTHT
Future
perfect
TLHT
Will/ shall have
+Ved/ V3
1. H s hon tt trc mt thi
im cho trc tng lai
Eg: They will have built that house
by July next year.
2. H s hon tt trc mt H
khc trong TL.
Eg:when you come back, I will
have written this letter.
By / before + mc
thi gian tng lai
By the time / before(
HT)
By then
TLHT when/ by
the time HT
Future
continous
TLTD
Will/ shall + be +
Ving
1. H s ang xy ra vo mt thi
im trong TL
He will be doing research at this
time tomorrow
2. H s ang xy ra trong TL th
c mt H khc xy n ( H xy
n : HT)
Eg: What will you be doing when I
come tomorrow?

At 8 am next sun day.

At this time next year

TLTD when
HT
Be going to S+is/ am/ are going
to+ V-inf
1. H s xy ra trong tng lai - c
d nh t trc.
I've decided. I'm going to buy a
new bike
2. d on mt H sp xy ra
trong TL c c s HT.



Look at the black
clouds. It is going to
rain

*Qui tc ho hp TH gia MC v MTrng Ng ch thi gian

Chnh MTrng Ng ch thi gian
1. QK QK
2. HT HT
3. TL HT: HT ( thng)/ HTHT( nhn mnh H thc hin xong)
NOTE:
*. Khng s dng Th TL trong MTrng Ng ch thi gian.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
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* Mt s V khng dng c cc TH TD ( thay bng TH n). l nhng V ch hnh ng ca gic
quan, tnh cm, s h, trng thi
see, hear. understand, be. know, like , want, feel. think( that), smell, love, hate, wish, remember ..
Eg: Now my mother ( be ) at home ( is being : is )
* Cc cm t du hiu Th ch c xt cc cu n. nu cu c nhiu M cn xem xt S Ho hp
TH. Nhng cm t ny c th dng cho TH tng ng ca n QK.
Eg: I usually get up at six. But I usually got up at six when I was a student.
* Trong cc cu Tng Thut, nu Vchnh QK nh ch Li TH v QK mt bt
* HTHT since + QK( hnh ng xy ra v chm dt QK)
HTHT since + HTHT( hnh ng xy ra QK.HT)
LESSON 3 : Reported speech
*Cu gin tip l cu dng thut li ni dung li ni trc tip.
* Cc thay i chung khi chuyn t cu trc tip sang cu gin tip.
1. Thay i v th trong cu:( reported verbs in the past) (nu V tung thut cc Th QK)
Cu trc tip Cu gin tip
Simple present Simple Past
Present progressive Past progressive
Present perfect Past perfect
Present perfect progressive Past perfect progressive
Simple Past Past perfect
Past progressive Past perfect progressive
Simple Future(will + inf Future in the past( would+ ifn)
can could
must Had to
NOTE: Khi cau trc tiep dien ta 1 chan l, s that hien nhien khong thay oi Th.
Ex: Our teacher said, 'The sun rises in the East.'
Our teacher said that the sun rises in the east.
2. Thay i v i t nhn xng,i t s hu v tnh t s hu:
RULE: ngi th nht-ngi S mnh chnh; ngi th haingi O mnh chnh; ngi th ba thng
khng thay i
3. Thay i v cc nhm t ch thi gian v ni chn:
Nhm t trong cu trc tip Nhm t trong cu gin tip
today that day
yesterday the day before/ the previous day
tonight that night
tomorrow the following day/ the next day/ the day after
this month that month
last month (week, year..) the month (week, year..)before / the perious month (week, year..)
next month the month after / the following month
here there
now then
ago before
This/these That/ those
* Cc thay i c th cho tng loi cu trong li ni gin tip
I. Cu trn thut(statement)
said
S + (that) + S + V
told + O
Note:
Nu V -tng thut l Said gi nguyn li tng thut
Nu V -tng thut l Said to +O told +O
thay i th,i t,cm t ch thi gian, ni chn
Ex : 'I saw her this morning', he said He said that he had seen her that morning Mary
said to Bill,' I dont like living here' Mary told Bill she didnt like living there
I. Cu hi ( questions):
Cu hi o ( yes/ no question)
S + asked + ( O )/ wondered/ wanted to know + if / whether + S+V
Cu hi c t hi:( wh-question)
S+ +asked +( O ) wondered/ wanted to know + wh- word +S+V
Note:: trt t t ca cu hi tr v dng cu pht biu ( Khng mn AUX, khng o AUX ra trc)
thay i v th, i t, t ch thi gian v ni chn cho ph hp vi vn cnh li ni.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
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Ex:' Does your brother live in London, Nam?,she asked -> She asked Nam if his brother lived in London
Ex : The boy asked me, ' What time is it?' -> The boy wanted to know what time it was
III. Dng mnh lnh thc /cu ra lnh , ngh(command/ requests)
S+ ng t tng thut + O + (not) + to infinitive
* ng t tng thut : told, asked, advised, persuded, taught, directed, begged, encouraged.......
NOTE: tu theo tnh cht ca cu mnh lnh m ta s dng V- tng thut cho ph hp
Trong cu mnh lnh c cha Cu phat biu Ta cng thay i TH nh cu pht biu
Ex : She said to John :' Show me your paper' -> She told John to show her his paper
Ann said to him : ' Dont wait for me if I am late' -> Ann told him not to wait for her if she was late
IV.Ty theo ngha trong cu trc tip, chng ta c th chuyn sang cch ni gin tip bng mt
s cu trc sau
Nhm i vi to-inf Nhm i vi V-ing
1. S+ V+ O+ ( not) to inf
Advise (khuyn)
Warn (cnh bo)
Remind ( nhc nh)
Encourage ( khuyn khch)
Invite ( mi)
Urge (thc gic)
Order (ra lnh)
2. S+V+ ( not) to inf
Promise (ha)
Ask (yu cu)
Agree ( ng )
Demand (:yu cu)
Hope( hi vng)
, threaten (e do)
Offer: ( ngh gip)
Refuse( t chi)
Ex : @' Well come back again'
-> They promised to come back
again.
@ 'Youd better get up early'
-> He advised me to get up early.
@ 'Could you close the
window?' John said to Peter
-> John asked Peter to close
the door
@ 'Remember to lock the door
' my sister said
-> My sister reminded me to
lock the door
@ 'Come and see me
whenever you want'
-> She invited me to come and
see her whenever I wanted
1. S+V+(O)+gii t +V-ing
dream of (m v)
object to ( phn i)
complain about ( phn nn v)
Stop sb ( from) V-ing, ngn cn ai khng c lm g)
Compliment sb on khen ai v ci g
Accuse sb of + V-ing ( buc ti)
Apologize to sb for + V-ing ( xin li)
Thank sb for + V-ing ( cm n)
Blame sb for V-ing ( tha)
Congratulate sb on + V-ing ( chc mng)
Insist on + V-ing ( khng khng)
Warn sb against V-ing (khuyn co ai ng lm g)
Prevent sb from + V-ing ( ngn cn ai khng c lm g)
2. S+V +V-ing
Admit + V-ing ( tha nhn)
Suggest + V-ing ( ngh)
Deny ( th nhn) +Ving
Rerget ( tic v vic g)

Ex :
@ 'I hear you passed the exam. Congratulations!' John said to us
-> John congratulated us on passing our exams
@ 'Im sorry Im late' Mary said
-> Mary apologized for being late
@ 'You stole my watch' the man said
-> The man accused me of stealing his watch.
@ 'Ive lost your letter' he said
-> He admitted losing my letter
@ ' I didnt break your window'
-> He denied breaking my window
V. Cu iu kin trong li ni gin tip
-Nu trong li ni gin tip c cu iu kin, th ch c cu iu kin loi mt l thay i v th, hai cu
iu kin cn li vn gi nguyn hnh thc ng t.
LESSON 4 : PASSIVE VOICE
Structure :
Active: S + V + Obj.

Passive: S + (Be) + Vpp + ( by Obj)
BE: Chia theo TH ca V trong cu ch ng .
S + am/ is/ are, + V pp ( by Obj.) - simple present
S + was/ were + V pp ( by Obj.) -simple past
S + am/ is/ are + Being + Vpp (by Obj. - present continuous/
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
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S + was/ were + Being + Vpp (by Obj -past continuous
S + have/ has +been + Vpp ( by Obj.) -present perfect
S + had been + Vpp ( by Obj.) -past perfect
S + will/ shall + Be + Vpp.( by Obj.) - simple future
S + will/ shall + have been Vpp.( by Obj.) -future perfect
Modal verbs:
S +can/ may/ must/ ought to/ should/ could/ have to/ be going to.........+Be + Vpp.
S + modal verbs + have been + Vpp ( dng hon thnh)
***Notes:+ Ta c th b: by me, by him, by her, by it, by us, by you, by them, by someone, by
people trong cu b ng nu khng mun nu r tc nhn hoc thy khng quan trng.
+ Nu cu ch ng c cc trng t( ng) ch ni chn th t chng trc 'by + tn
ng b ng'.eg. The police found him in the forest
_He was found in the forest by the police.
+ Nu cu ch ng c cc trng t( ng) ch thi gian th t chng sau ' by + tn
ng b ng' eg. They are going to buy a car tomorrow.
A car is going to be bought by them tomorow.
+ Nu tn ng trong cu b ng ch s vt, s vic th ta dng gii t with thay by
trc tn ng y.
eg. The bottle is filled with ink./ The bowl is fill with sugar.
+ Nu ng t ch ng c hai tn ng th mt trong hai tn ng c th dng lm ch
ng trong cu b ng ( nhng ch ng v ngi c s dng nhiu hn)
Nu O ch vt c chuyn lm S th gia cm V v O ch ngi ta phi dng gii t TO cho
" bring, send, show, give, lend , show, teach, offer hoc FOR cho buy
Ex : Mary gave me a book
I was given a book by Mary A book was given to me by Mary.
Mt s dng passive t bit
1. causative form ( have / Get) ( nh bo: khi mun ni rng chng ta cho ai / nh ai/ yu
cu ai lm vic g,ch khng t tay chng ta lm)
Active:

S + have +O (person) + bare Infinitive + O( thing )
S + get + O (person) + to Infinitive + O( thing )
Passive S + have / get +O (thing) + V
ed

/ V
3
+ [by + O ( person )]
Bill repaired the roof. (= he did it himself) # Bill had the roof repaired. (= he arranged for
someone else to do it)
Ex: I had him repair my bicycle yesterday. I had my bicycle repaired yesterday
I get her to make some coffee I get some coffee made.
2. Verbs of perception ( gic quan): see , watch, hear, listen, ..

S + V + O + bare infinitive / v-ing + S (O ) ( be) V
ed

/ V
3
+ to infinitive / V-ing

Ex: They saw her come in. She was seen to come in.
3. Verbs of opinion : say, think, believe, report, rumor

Active: S
1
+ V
1
+ ( that ) S
2
+ V
2
+ O
2

Passive It + (be) + V
ed

/ V
3
(v
1
) + ( That ) + S
2
+ V
2
+ O
2

S
2
+ (be) + V
ed

/ V
3
(v
1
) + to infinitive ( if V
2
in simple present tenses)
+ to have +V
ed

/ V
3
( if V
2
in perfect or past tenses)
Ex: People say that he is a famous doctor.
It is said that he is a famous doctor. He is said to be a famous doctor.
Ex: They thought that Mary had gone away.
It was thought that Mary had gone away. Mary was thought to have gone away.
LESSON 5: Conditional sentences.
A. Grammar: Cu iu kin c hai mnh : M ph (hay M iu kin) bt u bng If,
v M chnh( nu ln kt qu).
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
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-C 3 loi cu K :
1. Real conditional sentences ( Type 1).
Future possible ( c th xy ra hin ti hoc tng lai ).

If + S + V (simple present) + S + will/ can/ may/ must...+ V inf.
eg. If I have time, I will visit you.
Tuy nhin c th c cc bin th sau

*. Habitual ( thi quen).
If + S + V( simple present) + S + V ( simple present).
eg. Ann usually walks to school if she has enough time.
*. Command ( cu mnh lnh, yu cu).
If + S + V (simple present) + command form.
eg. Please buy me some fruits if you go to market.
2. Present unreal conditional sentences ( Type 2 ). ( tri ngc thc t trong hin ti, TL)

If + S + V (simple past) + S + would/ should/ could/ might + V inf.
(Trong M ph nu cTo beth dng Were cho tt c cc ngi.)
eg. If today were Saturday , I could go to the beach .
If I had time , I would write you a letter.
3. Past unreal conditional sentences ( Type 3).( tri ngc thc t trong Qu Kh)

If + S + V (past perfect) + S + would/ could/ might + have + Vpp.
eg. If I hadnt lost my way, I would have arrived sooner.
Note:- C th dng o ng( chuyn Were, hoc HAD ln u cu v b IF) trong cu K loi
2 c Were v loi 3.
eg. If I were younger, I would play tennis.
- Were I younger,I would play tennis.
If he had studied hard, he would have passed his exam.
- Had he studied hard, he would have passed his exam.
- Unless: Trong M iu kin , ta c th thay lin t If bng Unless( nu khng, tr phi).
Unless = If............not ..........
eg. If you dont study hard, you will fail in the exam.
=Unless you study hard, you will fail in the exam.
Khi ta i If sang Unless , nu M If th khng nh khng c i sang th ph nh
khi dng Unless m phi i M chnh sang th ngc li.
eg. If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster.
=Unless we had more rain, our crops wouldnt grow faster.
- Provided ( that) / providing ( that),On condition (that )( vi iu kin l) , As long as, so
long as (min l, vi iu kin l), Suppose, supposing ( gi s nh ), In case ( trong trng
hp), Even if ( ngay c khi, d cho....dng ch s tng phn hay nhn mnh), .........c th
dng thay cho If trong cu iu kin.
eg. Supposing it rains, what will you do ?
Ill accept your invitation provided you go with me
Dng K c hiu ngm.
1. But for ( nu khng v, nu khng c)
eg. But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.
2. Without ( khng c ): eg. Without his books, he would know nothing.
3. Mnh lnh cch + and : Do that again and Ill call a policeman.(= If you do )
4 . As if and As though : ( nh th l, tri ngcvi tnh hung tht)
* Ch hnh ng hay s kin khng c tht hin ti:
S + V (present) As if/ As though + S + V (past).
eg. He acts as though he were rich.
The girl dresses as if it were summer even in the winter.
* Ch hnh ng hay s kin khng c tht qu kh.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
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S + V (past) + As if/ As though + S + V ( past perfect).
eg. She looked as if she had seen a ghost.
Tuy nhin as if , as though cng c th * Ch hnh ng c th xy ra hin ti:
S + V ( present) + As if/ As though + S + V ( present).
5. Clauses after Wish, If only: (ao c, gi m ). Sau Wish v If only thng dng mt M ch
mt iu ao c, mt iu khng tht. C 3 M sau Wish v If only:
a. Future wish: S + wish + S + would/ could + V (bare inf.)
( If only)
eg. I wish I would be an astronaut in the future.
If only I would take the trip with you next Sunday.
b. Present wish: S + wish + S + V past subjunctive=simple past. ( V2 ;be were).
( If only )
eg. I cant swim. I wish I could swim
Marry isnt here. I wish she were here. =If only Marry were here.
c. Past wish: S + wish + S + past perfect/ could have + Vpp.
( If only)
eg. She wishes she had had enough money to buy the house.
( She hadnt have enough money to buy the house).
If only I had met her yesterday.( I didnt meet her).
LESSON 6 : COMPARISONS (so sanh)
1.So snh Adj / Adv
Types Models
1/ Equal Degree
(So sanh bang)

S
1
+V
1
AS + adj / adv + AS

+ S
2
+V
2
( trong cau phu nh AS au tien co the thay bang SO)
2/Comparitive
Degree
(So sanh hn)
Adj. / adv
(NGN)
+ ER
S
1
+V
1
MORE + adj. / adv
(dai)
THAN S
2
+V
2

LESS + adj. / adv ( kem hn)
3/Superlative
Degree(So sanh
nhat)
THE + adj. / adv
(ngan)
+ EST IN( N
so t em c
)
S +V THE MOST + adj. / adv
(dai)
+ (N)
The Least adj. / adv ( kem nhat)

OF(N
So nhieu em c
)

Examples: 1/ a) You are as tall as I am. (=me)
b) John doesnt work as/so effectively as Tom (does)
2/ a) The letter will probably arrive sooner than you expect.
b) Mr. Smith can drive more carefully than his wife (can).
3/ a) She works (the) hardest of anyone in the class.
b) Thats the most beautiful girl of the three girls
Notes:
1. S
2
+V
2
C th thay bng O
2/ Short Adj. / Adv (ngan): - 1 van - Adj 2 van tan cung = -y,-er, -le,-ow,
Ex: happy, clever, simple, early.
3/ Long Adj. /Adv (dai): - 2 van tr len, tr cac trng hp tren
4/ So Sanh Nhat : Dung cho 3 oi tng tr len.
5/ So Sanh Bat Qui Tac:
good / well better the best
bad / badly worse the worst
many/much more the most
little less the least
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 9 -
- late later the latest( v thi gian)/ the last( v th t)
far farther/further the farthest /furthest
farther/ farther noi ve khoang cach # further/ furthest noi ve thi gian, N tru tng
6) So sanI Ion co IIe duoc nIan manI bang cacI IIem 'mucI, Iar, a IoI, a bII, a IIIIIe
Iruoc InI IIuc so sanI
Ex: You speak EngIIsI mucI more IIuenIIy IIan Lan does
A waIermeIon Is mucI sweeIer IIan a Iemon
2. So snh N :Danh t cng c th c dng trong so snh:
- So sanh bng S + V + the same + (noun) + as +noun(pronoun).
eg. My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his.
Marry is as old as Tony = Marry and Tony are the same age.
S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + noun +as + noun/ pronoun.
(nhiu, t................................nh)
eg. He earns as much money as his brother.
-So snh hn S + V + more/ fewer/ less + noun + than + noun/ pronoun.
( nhiu, t .............................hn)
I have more books than she does.
3) Double copmparative(so sanh kep)
a) So sanh ong tie n : (cang th cang)
The + comparative + S + V, The + comparative + S+ V
( I so sanI Ion) ( I so sanI Ion)

Ex: TIe IoIIer II Is, IIe more uncomIorIabIe I IeeI
b) So sanh luy tien ( cang ngay cang )
ad| / adv + er + and + ad| / adv + er ( ngan)
more and more + ad| / adv ( daI)
Ex: You are younger and younger
My moIIer becomes more and more beauIIIuI
LESSON 7: RELATIVE CLAUSES( MQH)
- MQH : -L M ph c dng b ngha cho danh t ng trc n.
- c m u bng cc i t quan h
- V tr : MQH ng ngay sau danh t m n b ngha.
Relative Pronouns & Adverbs:
Functions
(Tien t)
Antecedents

Subject


Object

Poss.(s hu)

Adv
Things Which/ That Which/ That Whose + N
(of which)

People Who/ That Whom/ Who/ That Whose + n
Place Where
Time When
Reason Why
Types: 2 loi MQH Defining relative clauses ( gii hn)
Non-defining relative clauses ( Khng gii hn)
A. Defining relative clauses ( gii hn, xc nh) :l M cn thit xc nh N i trc, ch r l
ngi no , vt no m ngi n cp n. V vy n khng th c lc b.( Khng dng du phy
trong trng hp ny)
NOTE: THAT c th thay th cho WHO, WHOM, WHICH trong loi M ny.
-Cc TQH : THAT, WHO, WHOM, WHICH lm O( tn ng) c th c lc b trong loi M ny
eg. -The man is my teacher Hes standing overthere.
=The man who(that) is standing overthere is my teacher.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 10 -
EX - The book is very interesting. I bought it yesterday.
=The book which(that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.
Or The book I bought yesterday is very interesting. ( That, which c lc b)
B.Non-defining relative clauses ( Khng gii hn) :
L M b sung thng tin, khng c chc nng xc nh N i trc bi v bn thn N t xc
nh r. N c tch ra khi MC bng du phy.
EX: Mr Robin still works very hard.He is 64 years old
= Mr Robin, who is 64 years old , still works very hard.
NOTE: -Khng dng THAT ; khng c lc b TQH trong loi M ny
Nhng tien danh t sau la N xac nh v vay MQH sau chung laMQH gii han, xac nh
- Danh t rieng
- Danh t c bo ngha = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE
- Danh t c bo ngha = s hu (MY, YOUR, ,TOMS HOUSE,)
- Danh t c bo ngha = 1 nhom t ( EX: The man from Hanoi,)
Ex: They wanted to see my manager, who was away.
TQH vi gii t:
*Gii t bnh thng sau ng t nhng ta cng c th em n ra trc TQH.
*WHICH v WHOM mi c th i sau gii t ,cn cc ch khc nh THAT ,WHOSE .. th khng th .
EX: This is the house. I live in it . => This is the house in which I live . ( which I live in )
*cc cm t ch nh lng i vi of : both of ,none of ,one of ,two of ,neither of ,most of ..... phi
em c cm ra trc which ,whom
EX: I have many dogs . You like none of them => I have many dogs none of which You like
Nhng gii t khng th em ra pha trc . l trong hp gii t hp vi ng t thnh mt
cm ng t kp ( thnh ng) nn ta khng th tch ri chng c .
V d nh : Come across ( tnh c gp ) ,look after ( chm sc ), put up with ( chu ng ) ,give up ( t b
).... This is the man .I came across him yesterday
=> This is the man across whom I came yesterday (sai )
=> This is the man whom I came across yesterday (ng )
RelativeAdverbs
*Where = In / On/ At....... Which sau N
place

Thay th cho In / On/ At....... + N
place
hoc HERE , THERE
Ex: That is the house. we are living in that house now.
That is the house where / in which we are living now
*When = In / On/ At....... Which sau N
time

Thay th cho In / On/ At....... + N
time
hoc THEN
eg. Ill never forget the day. I met her on that day./ then
==> Ill never forget the day when/ on which I met her.
*Why = For Which sau N- The reason ; thay th cho for the( this , that) reason
eg. Please tell me the reason. you are so sad for that reason.
==> Please tell me the reason why / for which you are so sad.
NOTE:
-Whose: l mt TQH, ng sau danh t ch ngi v thay cho tnh t s hu trc danh t. Whose cng
c dng cho vt ( =of which). Sau Whose lun l mt danh t.
EX. The woman is my sister. Her wallet was stolen yesterday
==>The woman whose wallet was stolen yesterday is my sister.
*THAT: -thay the cho 'WHO, WHOM, WHICH' trong menh e co gii han
-khong dung trong MQH khong gii han(M nam gia cac dau phay)
-Khong dung sau gii t.
*Dung sau all, everything, little, much, none, no v cc t so snh nht( superlatives)
*dung sau cm t hn hp ( vt + ngi)
Rt Gn Mnh
A.MQH ( c TQH lm S)
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 11 -
- Nu Verb MQH nng ng -> b who, whom, which, that v dng hnh thc V-ing
- Nu Verb MQH b ng -> b who, whom, which, that v dng hnh thc V
3/ed

- Nu N trc MQH c the last, the second so snh nht
* rt gn MQH bng to-inf ( nu cu nng ng)
* Rt gn MQH bng to be V
3/ ed
( nu cu b ng)
Ex : 1. I live in a house which was built 30 years ago -> I live in a house built 30 years ago
2. The boy who is playing guitar is Ben -> The boy playing guitar is Ben
3. The first person that can help me is Mr. Smith -> The first person to help me is Mr. Smith
4. This is the second person who was killed in that way -> This is the second person to be killed in
that way
B. MQH c TQH lm O ( ni v mc ch) ==> to inf
EX: English is an important language which we have to master
==> English is an important language to master
LESSON 8 : VERB FORM
A. To Infinitive
1. to inf as subject ( lm S)
Ex: To make mistakes is easy. ( It's easy to make mistakes)
To wait for people who were late made him angry. ( It made him angry to wait for people who were late
2. to inf as complement ( lm b ng)
Ex: My ambition was to retire at thirty.( It was my ambition to retire at thirty)
Your task is to get across the river without being seen. ( It is your task to get across the river without
being seen )
3. to inf as object of verbs: ( lm tn ng cho V)
Agree arrange ask attempt begin care cease
Choose come decide determine demand desire expect
Fail hope intend learn manage mean offer
Plan prepare promise refuse seem tend want
Wish afford appear happen hesitate would like
Claim pretend volunteer
4. to inf after verbs + object ( sau V + tn ng)
Ask enable encourage force get invite order beg forbid tempt
Tell teach urge implore want warn wish expect Persuade
5. to inf after question words ( sau cc t hi): what / where/ who / whom/ which/ when / how
Ex: I don't khow what to do, where to go.
6 S + be + adj +( for +O) to-inf
-Too + adjective/ adverb + ( For O ) + to infinitive
- adjective/ adverb Enough + ( For O ) + to infinitive (Ch : enough + noun + to- inf )
7. To -inf = In order to inf = So as to inf : to express purpose (din t mc ch )
Ex: she learns English to go abroad..
8. Noun / pronoun + to-inf (sau N, i t thay th cho mt mnh quan h)
Ex : I have a lot of work to do ( which I have to do )
To- inf dng sau the first/ the last/ the only...... or The superlative ( so snh nht) : thay th
cho mnh quan h
EX: He was the first students to find the answer ( who could find the answer)
B/ Bare Infinitive
1. after modal auxiliary verbs: will/Shall/ should / could/ can / may / must/ might/ had better/would
rather v why not
Ex: I can swim why not phone me tomorrow night?
2. let/ make +O + bare infinitive (but in passive( trong cu b ng) : be made to infinitive )
EX: He made me work hard - I was made to work hard
3. help +O + bare infinitive / to infinitive Ex : we both heard him say that I was leaving.
4. feel, find, hear, listen to, notice, see, smell, watch + O + bare infinitive (din t hnh ng kt
thc hoc ton b hnh ng) (But in passive : felt, found......... + to infinitive)
EX: I saw him steal her bicycle - He was seen to steal her bicycle
5. Do anything/ nothing/ everything But/ Except + bare infinitive
C/ Gerund ( danh ng t)
1. after some verbs: ( OBJECTS ) ( sau mt s V)
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 12 -
Admit appreciate consider delay detest keep mind
recall resent involve postpone risk avoid dislike
deny enjoy feel like imagine miss practice suggest
Ex : I enjoy watching T.V
2. after some expressions: ( sau mt s cm t)
be worth It's no good It's no use can't stand can't help There's no point in have difficulty/ trouble
Ex: It's worth learning English
3. after prepositions ( sau gii t) (Prepositional Object )
Ex: she is interested in listening to music.
Note : look forward to / be ( get) used to / be accustomed to/ object to / confess to / contribute to / take to
+ Ving ( to here :preposition)
4. gerund can be used as Subject or complement ( lm ch ng. hoc b ng)
Ex: swimming is a good sport. My hobby is going for a walk after dinner.
5. In compound noun(trong N ghp): Ex :weigh-lifting, lorry-driving, dining-room, swimming pool
6. Adverbial Modifier ( trng ng)
By/Without + V-ing ( th cch) He earns money by doing manual work.
He looked at me without saying anything
For + V-ing ( mc ch) Money is used for buying things.
After/at/in/on/before while/ upon + V-ing ( thi gian)
On returning home I found that the door was open.
We ate while listening to the radio.
D/ To infinitive or Gerund
1. advise/ allow/ recommend/ permit / forbid + O + to Infinitive
advise/ allow/ recommend/ permit ( no Object) + Gerund (V-ing )
Note: trong cu b ng S l O, v vy be advised/ allowed/ recommended/ permitted + to INF
2. remember/ forget/ regret + to infinitive ( happened after main verbs)( xy ra sau H chnh)
V-ing ( happened before main verbs)(xy ra trcH chnh)
Ex : I regret spending so much money.= I'm sorry I spent so much money. ( spending is the first action,
regret is the second) EX: I regret to say that you have failed your exam.
3. stop + to infinitive Ex: We stopped to ask the way. ( dng lm g)
V-ing EX: We stopped talking when he came in ( dng lm g).
4. try + to infinitive ('attempt')( c gng)
V-ing ('make the experiment' ) ( th )
5 S
( person)
+ Need + to infinitive . Ex: They need to cut the grass.
S
( thing)
+ Need + to be Ved/ V3 The grass needs to be cut
V-ing The grass needs cutting
E. The participles ( phn t)
I/ The present (or active) participle ( Hin ti phn t)
1 To form the continuous tenses ( hnh thnh cc TH tip din)
2 As adjectives (active meaning) : ( lm tnh t: mang ngha ch ng, thng dng miu t tnh
cht ca vt) Ex: The film is interesting
4 A present participle can sometimes replace a relative pronoun + verb
( l hnh thc rt gn ca MQH mang tnh ch ng c TQH lm Ch Ng)
people who wish/wished to visit the caves = people wishing to visit the caves
5 After verbs of sensation . see, hear, feel, smell, listen (to), notice , watch +O+ Ving
EX: She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising.
NOTE : see, hear, feel, smell, listen (to), notice , watch +O+ bare Infinitive ( Khi mun nhn mnh
hnh ng hon tt)
EX: I saw him enter the room
6 After catch/find/leave + object Ex: I left him talking to Bob = He was talking to Bob when I left.
7 After go, come, spend, waste, be busy
EX They are going riding/skiing/sailing
* spend/waste + an expression of time or money + Ving
8 Present participles can sometimes replace subject + verb in other main or subordinate
clauses ( l hnh thc rt gn ca mnh mang tnh ch ng)
We take off our shoes . we creep cautiously along the passage
= Taking off our shoes, we creep cautiously along the passage
As he knew that he wouldn't be able to buy food on his journey he took large supplies with him
= Knowing that............................
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 13 -
II/ The past participle ( qu kh phn t)
1 Hnh thnh cng thc ca cc TH Hon Thnh, v trong Cu B ng
he has seen it was broken
2 As an adjective:(passive meaning )( lm tnh t: mang ngha b ng, thng dng miu t tnh
cm ca ngi)
EX: Im interested in the film
3 The past participle can replace a subject + passive verb ( l hnh thc rt gn ca mnh
mang tnh b ng)
She enters. She is accompanied by her mother. = She enters, accompanied by her mother.
As he was convinced that they were trying to poison him, he refused to eat anything
=Convinced that they were trying to poison him, he refused to eat anything.
4 A past participle can sometimes replace a relative pronoun + passive verb
( l hnh thc rt gn ca MQH mang tnh b ng c TQH lm Ch Ng)
EX: The chair which was broken yesterday has just been repaired
= The chair broken yesterday has just been repaired

LESSON 9 : PHRASES and CLAUSES
1. REASON.(nguyn nhn)
because/ since/ as +S+V = because of / due to/ owing to/ thanks to + N- phrase/ V-ing phrare.
Ex : He couldnt go to school because he was sick
-> He couldnt go to school because of his sickness
2. Concession ( mc d.)
* Although In spite of
Even though + S + V = + N- phrase/ V-ing phrare.
Though Despite

Ex : Although he was sick, he went to school = In spite of his sickness, he went to school
* No matter what/ where/ who/ when/ why/ how....
= whatever/ wherever/ whenever/ whoever/ why ever/ however
( d g, d u,....................)
Note : - Whatever ( pro) ( i t) - whatever you do , I believe you
Whatever + N -Whatever clothes she wears, she looks beautiful
-No matter how +Adj / Adv = however Adj / Adv
However hard I worked, she was never satisfied.
3. Purpose ( mc ch)
so that to
S + V = so as to + infinitive
In order that in order to
EX: she learns hard so that she can get good marks
= she learns hard to get good marks.
4. CAUSES & EFFECTS ( nguyn nhn & kt qu)
A. So/ such . that: qua .. en noi



S + V
so adj / adv


that




S+ V
such (a / an) + adj + N
so many
so few
(adj) + N
so nhieu
so much
so little
(adj) + N
so t

Ex: The weather was so cold that we couldnt go out.
It was such cold weather that we couldnt go out.
There are so many people that we cant find Tom.
He ate so much meat that he got fat.
There is so little water that people couldnt leave here.
B. Too...... to ( qua.. ...... nen khong the)
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 14 -
S + V + TOO + adj/adv + (for +O) + TO inf
Ex: The tea is too hot for me to drink.
He drove too badly to pass the driving test.
C. Enough (u e co the)
S + V + adj/adv + ENOUGH + (for +O) + TO inf
Ex: The tea is not warm enough for me to drink.
He didnt drive well enough to pass the driving test.
5. Adverbial clause of time
* Mnh trng ng ch thi gian ng vai tr tng ng vi trng ng ca cu. Mnh ny khng
th ng mt mnh m phi lun i km vi mnh chnh.
*Mnh trng ng ch thi gian thng bt u vi cc t sau:
When (khi) - I was watching TV when it began to rain.
While ( trong khi) - While Tommy was having a bath, the telephone rang.
As ( khi) - As I was watching TV, it began to rain.
. As soon as ( ngay sau khi) - As soon as I finish reading this book, I will return it to you.
Until ( cho n khi) - Please wait for me until I come back.
Before ( trc khi) - You must remember to turn all lights off before you go out.
After ( sau khi ) - After my parents have dinner, they often watch TV till late at night.
by the time(ngay trc khi) - I will have cooked dinner by the time he comes
Since ( t khi) - Since I move here, I have never met my next-door neighboor
As long as: (lu chng no) - You can stay here as long as you want to.
NOTE:
* Ngi ta khng dng th tng lai trong mnh ch thi gian.Khi mnh chnh c ng t th
tng lai th trong mnh ph ch thi gian, ngi ta s dng:
- Th HT hoc - Th HTHT ( nu mun nhn mnh hnh ng hon tt.)
* Sau As v While ta hay dng ng t th tip din.
LESSON 10: ARTICLE (Mo t)
I. Indefinite Articles( Mo t bt nh) : a/ an
- Dng trc danh t ( s t) cha xc nh / mi cp ln u
* Dng 'an' trc nguyn m ( u, e, o, a, i) hoc ph m 'h' cm
Ex : an hour, an honest person
* Dng 'a' trc danh t/ tnh t bt u bng 'u' c l /ju:/
Ex : a unit ( nhng an unofficial strike)
- a/ an thng dng trong cc trng hp sau
+ vi danh t ch ngh nghip . Ex : a doctor ; an engineer
+ danh t m c s t. Ex : We had an argument
+ cc t ch s, s lng. Ex : A hundred, a million, a pair of shoes
- Khng dng a/ an trc danh t khng m c
II. Definite Article ( Mo t xc nh) : the
1. Cc trng hp dng 'the'
- Nhng vat duy nhat. Ex : the sun, the moon, the world.
- Cac danh t c xac nh qua ng canh
hoac c e cap trc o.
- I have a book and an eraser. The book is now on the
table.
- Cac danh t ch s giai tr. Ex: the theater, the concert, the church
- Trc ten cac tau thuyen, may bay. Ex: The Titanic was a great ship.
- Cac song, bien, ai dng, day nui Ex: the Mekong River, the China Sea, the Pacific
Ocean, the Himalayas
- Mot nhom cac ao hoac quoc gia. Ex: the Philippines, the United States.
- Tnh t dung nh danh t tap hp. Ex: You should help the poor.
- Trong so sanh nhat. Ex: Nam is the cleverest in his class.
- Ten ngi so nhieu (ch gia nh). Ex: The Blacks, The Blues, the Nams
- Cac danh t ai dien cho mot loai. Ex: The cat is a lovely home pet.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 15 -
- Cac trang t ch thi gian, ni chon. Ex: in the morning, in the street, in the water..
- So th t. Ex: the first, the second, the third.
- Chuoi thi gian hoac khong gian. Ex: the next, the following, the last...
2. THE khong c dung:
- Trc cac danh t so nhieu noi chung Ex: They build houses near the hall.
- Danh t tru tng, khong em c. Ex: Independence is a happy thing.
- Cac danh t ch mau sa c. Ex: Red and white make pink.
- Cac mon hoc. Ex: Math is her worst subject.
- Cac vat lieu, kim loai. Ex: Steel is made from iron.
- Cac ten nc, chau luc, thanh pho. Ex: Ha Noi is the capital of VietNam.
- Cac chc danh, ten ngi. Ex: President Bill Clinton, Ba, Nga
- Cac ba an, mon an, thc an. Ex: We have rice and fish for dinner
- Cac tro chi, the thao. Ex: Football is a popular sport in VN.
- Cac loai benh tat. Ex: Cold is a common disease.
- Ngon ng, tieng noi. Ex: English is being used everywhere
- Cac k ngh, le hoi. Ex: Tet, Christmas, Valentine
- Cac cm t 'at work/ at home/ at school/ go
to work/ go home'

NOTE :
* Khng c dng "the" trc mt s danh t nh home, bed, church, court, jail, prison,
hospital, school, class, college, univercity v.v... khi n i vi cc ng t v gii t ch chuyn
ng ch i n l mc ch chnh hoc ra khi cng v mc ch chnh.
Ex: Students go to school everyday.
Ex: The patient was released from hospital.
*Nhng nu n hoc ra khi khng v mc ch chnh bt buc phi dng "the".
Ex: I went to the hospital to visit her.
LESSON 11 : SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT
I. SINGULAR SUBJECT: ( ch ng s t) + V- s t
Singular subject Examples
1 Indefinite pronouns: (ai t bat nh)
- anybody (any one), anything, anything,
nobody (no one), nothing, everybody
(everyone), everything.
- Something is under the armchair.
- Everyone wants to go home early.
2 Uncount nouns: Cac chat ran, chat long,
chat kh, danh t tru tng ..
- water, coffee, tea, milk, oil, soup, gasoline,
- ice, butter, bread, cheese, meat, gold, glass
- steam, smoke, air, oxygen, smog, nitrogen,
- rice, chalk, dust, flour, grass, salt, sand, ..
- happiness, pollution, love, health, patience,
- work, homework, advice, information, ..
Happiness is one of the most important things
in life
3 Subjects, sport, languages, natural
phenomena, nations, diseases: (Mon hoc,
the thao, ngon ng, cac hien tng t nhien,
ten cac quoc gia benh)
- mathematics, linguistics, statistics, physics,
- swimming, gymnastics, athletics, tennis, ..
- Chinese, English, Spanish, German, ..
- Mathematics is a basic tool.
- Many people take up gymnastics because it is
good exercise.
- English is an international language.
- The fog was very thick.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 16 -

II. PLURAL SUBJECT ch ng s nhiu) + V- s nhiu
III. Cac dang hoa hp chu t va ong t :
LESSON 12 : PREPOSITIONS
- Gii t l t dng ch mi quan h gia danh t hoc i t vi mt t khc trong cu.
- Gii t lun i trc mt danh t hoc i t v cc danh t hoc i t gi l tn ng ca gii t.
- i t nm sau gii t lun phi hnh thc tn ng: him, her......
- ng t ng sau gii t lun hnh thc Danh ng t( Ving)
A. Prepositions used for Time and for Places.
1. AT:
- weather, fog, snow, sunlight, smog, ...
4 So o lng, lng tien, thi gian:
-
- Ten kilometres is a long distance to walk.
- Two million dollars is a large sum of money.
- Eight hours of sleep is enough for me.
5 Who/ what lam chu ng:

- Who uses English?
- What has happened to you?
6 That + Clause lam chu ng:
'Wh' + clause lam chu ng:
To inf/ V-ing
- That he is naughty makes his father sad.
- What he says is unreliable.
- listening to music is interesting
7 Some determiners: (Mot so nh t )
- Each, every, one of,
- A little, little, much, a great deal of, a large
amount of, ..
- Either , Neither,
- Each student has a pencil.
- There is a little wine in the bottle.

- Neither student does homework.
- Neither of the students is well prepared.
8 The + N and + N: mot ngi kiem 2 chc vu: - The assistant and secretary is very busy now.
9 Hon hp:
- bread and butter: banh m b
- The horse and carriage : xe nga
- Bread and butter is my favourite food.
- The horse and carriage is coming round the
corner.
Plural subject Examples
1 The + adj : ( nhom ngi co cung tnh chat cua tnh t)
- The rich, the poor, the disabled, the blind,
- The British, the Vietnamese, the Japanese,

- The poor need our help.
- The Vietnamese are very brave.
2 Danh t luon dang so nhieu:
- police, cattle, goods, clothes, belongings, wares, ..
- The police are looking for the
missing child.
3 Some determiners: (mot so nh t)
- both, many, a few, few, a number of, several, a great
many, a good many, the majority
A few students are playing football
1 Hoa hp vi danh t sau:
Either .. or .. + V ..
Neither .. nor .. + V . ( Theo N2)
Not only but also .. + V

- Either I or John is going to do the
housework.
- Not only the boy but also his friends
like to play football.
2 Hoa hp vi danh t trc:
- N
1
+ along with + N
2
+ V (theo N1)
as well as/ with/ accompanied by
not
- Miss Hang, along with her friends,
wants to meet the boss.
- Nam, not Tam, has just come.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 17 -
a. For time:
- at 4 oclock, at 5 pm - at last/ first
- at night/ noon/ midnight - at the moment
- at Christmas, at Easter - at present
- at once
- at the age of
- at sunset/ sunrise
- at weekends
- at the same time
b. For places:
- at home/ school/ work - at the theatre - at the seaside
- at the corner of the street - at the grocers, at the doctors
- at the top - at the bottom - at the foot of the page
- at the beginning of/ at the end of: vo u/ cui - at the shop
- ( To arrive) at the airport/ rainway station.
2. IN:
a. For time:
- In c dng trc nm, thng, ma, bui ni chung ( tr at night, at noon).
eg. in 1990, in August, in Spring, in the morning.
- In time: ng gi.
b. For places:
- In: trong in the living room/ in the box.
- In c dng trc cc thnh ph, t nc, min, phng hng: in London, in Hanoi, in France, in the
east ..........
- in the street/ sky - in my opinion - in good/ bad weather
- in the newspaper - in the middle of - in English/ German
- in the rain/ sun - in the dark - in + time( in 2 days)
- in the water/ river/ sea - in a line/ queue - in a picture/ mirror/ photo
- in bed/ hospital/ prison - in the end:( cui cng) - in love with
3. ON.
a. For time:
- On c dng trc th ( ngy trong tun), bui c th eg. on Sunday, on Sunday mornings
- On c dng trc ngy thng eg. on August 12
th

- On time : ng gi( chnh xc) - On Christmas day - On holiday/ on a trip/ on a tour
- On the occasion of: nhn dp
b. For places:
- On : trn eg. on the table - on the phone - On horseback: trn lng nga
- on a diet - On foot : bng chn( i b) - on fire
- On TV / on radio - on the left/ right - On the beach - on the 1
st
floor
4. BY.
- By c dng trong cu b ng ngha l bi.
- By c dng ch phng tin i li( by bike, by car.....)
- By the time : trc khi - By chance : tnh c - Learn by heart: hc thuc lng
5. TO:
- TO (ch n) thng c dng sau ng t GO( go to the cinema..... nhng GO HOME).
- TO thng c dng ch s di chuyn : My father takes me to the cinema.
Marry invited me to her birthday party.
6. INTO:
- INTO c ngha l vo trong, c dng sau cc ng t : GO, PUT, GET, FALL( ri ng), JUMP(
nhy), COME ......
eg. go into the room, get into the train, put the pen into the bag, fall into the river, jump into the river
and swim, come into the house.....
- INTO cn c dng ch s thay i ca iu kin hoc kt qu:
The rain changed into snow.
7. OUT OF: ra khi.
eg. He came out of the house. / He is looking out of the window.
8. WITH:
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 18 -
- With: c ngha l c, mang, cng: eg. a girl with blue eyes./ a coat with two pockets.
- With c dng ch mt cng c, phng tin. Hes writing with a pen
- With c dng ch s lin h hoc ng hnh, c ngha cng vi
Im living with my parents.
- With cn c ngha l vi Do you agree with me?
9. UNDER:
- Under: c ngha l di, ch v tr pha di mt vt. eg. The cat is under the table.
- Under cn c ngha l t hn, thp hn. - Children under fourteen years of age shouldnt see such a film.
B. Prepositions following Adjectives:
1. OF:
- ashamed of: xu h v - hopeful of/ about : hy vng
- afraid of: s, e ngi - independent of: c lp
- ahead of: trc - proud of: t ho
- aware of: nhn thc - jealous of: ghen t vi
- capable of: c kh nng - guilty of: phm ti( v), c ti
- confident of :tin tng - sick of: chn nn v
- doubtful of: nghi ng - joyful of: vui mng v
- fond of: thch - full of: y
2. TO:
- acceptable to: c th chp nhn - likely to: c th
- accustomed to: quen vi - lucky to: may mn
- agreeable to: c th ng - next to: k bn
- addicted to: am m - open to: m
- delightful to smb: th v i vi ai - pleasant to: hi lng
- familiar to sb with sth: quen thuc i vi ai/ci g - preferable to: ng thch hn
- clear to: r rng - profitable to: c li
- contrary to: tri li, i lp - rude to: th l, cc cn
- equal to: tng ng vi, bng - similar to: ging, tng t
- favourable to: tn thnh, ng h - useful to smb: c ch cho ai
- grateful to sb for sth : bit n ai v vic g - necessary to smt/ smb:cn thit cho ai/ci g
- harmful to smb/ for smt:c hi cho ai/ ci g - available to smb/ for smt: sn cho ai/ci g
- important to: quan trng - responsible to smb: c trch nhim vi ai
3. FOR:
- difficult for: kh - sorry for: xin li
- late for: tr - qualified for: c phm cht
- dangerous for: nguy him - helpful/ useful for: c li/ c ch
- famous for: ni ting - good for: tt cho
- greedy for: tham lam - grateful for smt: bit n v vic
- necessary for: cn thit - convenient for: thun li cho
- perfect for: hon ho - ready for smt: sn sng cho vic g
- suitable for: thch hp - responsible for smt: chu trch nhim v vic g
4. AT:
- good at: gii (v....) - excellent at: xut sc v
- bad at: d( v.....) - present at: hin din
- clever at: kho lo, thng minh v - surprised at: ngc nhin
- skilful at: kho lo, c k nng v - amused at: vui v
- quick at: nhanh - clumsy at: vng v
- amazed at: ngc nhin - annoyed at sth : kh chu v iu g
5. WITH:
- delighted with: vui mng vi - busy with: bn
- aquainted with: lm quen( vi ai...) - familiar with: quen thuc
- crowded with: ng c - furious with: phn n
- angry with: gin d - pleased with: hi lng
- friendly with: thn mt - popular with: ph bin
- bored with: chn - satisfied with: tha mn vi
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 19 -
- fed up with: chn - contrasted with: tng phn vi
- angry with so / about sth : gin ai v iu g
6. ABOUT:
- confused about: bi ri (v...) - serious about: nghim tc
- excited about: ho hng - upset about: tht vng
- happy about: vui, hnh phc - worried about: lo lng
- sad about: bun - anxious about: lo lng
- disappointed about smt: tht vng v ci g
7. IN:
- interested in: thch, quan tm v.... - successful in: thnh cng v....
- rich in: giu v...... - confident in smb: tin cy vo ai
8. FROM:
- isolated from: b c lp - far from: xa
- absent from: vng mt ( khi......) - safe from: an ton
- different from: khc - divorced from: ly d, lm xa ri
9. ON: - keen on: hng hi v.....
10. Notes: - be tired of: chn eg. Im tired of doing the same work every day.
- be tired from: mt v..... eg. Im tired from walking for a long time.
- be grateful to sb for st: bit n ai v vn g eg. Im grateful to you for your help.
- be responsible to sb for st: chu trch nhim vi ai v vic g.
eg. You have to be responsible to me for your actions.
- good/ bad for: tt/ xu cho......, good/ bad at: gii/ d v........
eg. Milk is good for your health. / She is bad at mathematics.
C. Prepositions following verbs/ two-word verbs.
- apologize to sb for st: xin li ai v vic g - approve of st to sb: ng v vic g vi ai
- admire sb of st: khm phc ai v vic g - participate in: tham gia
- belong to sb: thuc v ai - succeed in: thnh cng v
- accuse sb of st: t co ai v vic g - prevent sb from: ngn ai khi .....
- blame sb for st ( sth on sb): li cho ai v vic g - provide sb with sth: ( sth for sb)cung cp
- differ from: khc vi - agree with: ng vi
- introduce to sb:gii thiu vi ai - beg for st: xin, van ni cho
- give up: t b - borrow st from sb: mn ci g ca ai
- look at: nhn vo - depend on/ rely on: da vo, ph thuc vo
- look after: trng nom, chm sc - die of( a disease): cht v....
- look for: tm kim - join in: tham gia vo
- look up: tra t.( trong t in) - escape from: thot khi
- look forward to: mong i - insist on: khng khng
- put on: mang vo, mc vo # take off : - change into, turn into: ha ra
-take off : ct cnh -wait for sb: ch ai
- stand for: tng trng - arrive at( station, bus stop, airport.....) n
- call off: hy b, hon cc a im nh
- object to sb/ Ving: phn i ai/ vic g - arrive in( London, Paris, England.....) n
- infer from: suy ra t thnh ph hay t nc....
- congratulate sb on st: chc mng ai v vic g. - put off: hon li
C. VERB + NOUN ( PHRASE) + PREPOSITION:
1. catch sight of : trong thay
2. give place to : nhng cho cho
3. give way to : nhng bo ,tranh ng cho
4. keep pace with : theo kp, sanh bc
5. keep track of: theo du vt
6. lose sight of : mat hut, khong thay
7. lose touch with : mat lien lac vi
8. lose track of : mat dau vet cua
9. make allowance for: chieu co ac biet
10. make fun of : che nhao
11. make a decision on ;quyt nh
12. make a contribution to : ph gip ng gp
13. make a fuss over / about: lm om sm, to
chuyn v
14. make room for : don cho cho
15. make use of : s dung
16. pay attention to : chu y en
17. put a stop to : lam dng lai
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 20 -
18. put an end to : cham dt
19. set fire to : cham la, ot
20. take account of : chu y en
21. take advantage of : li dung
22. take care of : cham soc
23. take note of : chu y en
24. take notice of : chu y ti
LESSON 13 : WORD FORM( T Loai )
I. N( Noun phrase): : lam S cho V
: lam O cho V
: lam O cho prep.
: lam C ( C : complement: bo ng)
* Notes: Basic Noun phrase structure ( cau truc mot ng danh t c ban )
- a, an ,the
- this, that, these, those
- some, any, many, -ADV - ADJ - N - N
head
- my, your, Toms, ( danh t chnh ng cuoi , cac thanh phan bo ngha ng trc N

Cach thanh lap N ghep


*Cch thnh lp N

II. Adjective (adj.)( Adj phrase):
1) adj + N
2) adv + adj
3) be (th, la ), look co ve), feel, become, taste (co mui), smell ( co v), get, grow,remain,
stay, turn, seem, appear, sound, + adj
Ex: That young girl is very beautiful.
*The order of Adjectives ( trt t ca ADJ trc N)
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 21 -



III. Adverb (adv): l nhng t dng din t tnh cch, c tnh, mc , trng thi... v c dng
b ngha cho ng t thng, tnh t, trng t khc hoc cho c cu.
1) S + V
i
+ adv Ex: They arrived safely.
2) S + V
t
+ O + adv Ex: She did the housework disappointedly.
3) S + V
aux
+ adv + V
main
Ex: He can surely do it
4) adv + adj Ex: He is reasonably right.
5) adv + adv Ex: Jack runs very quickly.
6) S + V + adv Ex: We have bought it at that store recently.
( or: adv + S + V + . ) (or: Recently we have bought it at that store.)
* Trng t thng c thnh lp bng cch thm hu t ly vo sau tnh t.
beautifully, carelessly, strongly, mainly...
* Mt s trng hp c bit:
+ good well late late : tr ( lately: gn y)
+ ill ill fast fast hard hard ( hardly: hu nh khng )
Mt khi c nhiu trng t trong mt cu, v tr ca trng t nm cui cu s c th t u tin nh sau:
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 22 -
[ Ni chn - Cch thc - Tn sut - Thi gian]
Ch ng
/ng t
Ni chn
/a im
Cch thc Tn sut Thi gian
I went to Bankok by plane yesterday
I walked to the library everyday last month
He flew to London by jet plane once a week last year
Nhng trng t ch phm cht cho c mt cu nh Luckily, Fortunately, Eventually, Certainly hoc Surely
... thng c t u mi cu.
LESSON 14:EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY( CM T CH S LNG)
Ngha Dng vi N
khng m dc
Dng vi N
m c
Cch dng V d
nhiu

much many - ph nh , nghi vn
- sau " as, too. Very, so"
There's not much sugar in the jar.
I have so many problems
nhiu A great deal of A large number
of
- khng nh He has a great deal of money
A large number of students are in
the room
Bao nhiu How much How many + N -How many books do you have?
-how much money do you want?
mt it/ vi A little A few -ngha khng nh ( c
)
I have a little money( enough to
live on )
I have a few friends and we meet
quite often.

rt t little few - ngha ph nh( hu nh
khng c)
I had little money ( almost no
money)
Few tourists visited the area
because of the oil spill.
mi X Each - + N m c s t Each student needs a book
mi , mi X every -N m c s t Every student must learn hard
khng X neither - khng trong s 2 ngi
hoc 2 vt
Neither of the two children
wants to go to bed.
hoc X either -trong s 2 ngi hoc 2
vt
Either he or she is wrong
c hai X both - nhm 2 ngi hoc 2 vt both my parents work hard
mt vi Some - cu k/ cu mi. yu cu Could I have some books, please?
any -cu p/ hi/ iu kin There isn't any reason tocomplain.

no- none -enough- all- half-
a lot of- lots of- plenty of ( nhiu)
- most -more

* using OF after quantifiers before specific Nouns.{ ( the, this, that, these...,my, his, her... ) + noun}
trc nhng N xc nh c th.{ ( the, this, that, these...,my, his, her... ) + noun} ta phi
dng OF sau cc t ch s lng
Some people - some of the people - some the people some of people
Each child - each of my children
Note: -Sau Both/ half/ all ta c th b of : all of her friends = all her friends
- cc cm t c OF nh : a great deal of , a large number of .. ta khng thm OF
LESSON 15 : QUESTION TAGS ( CU HI UI)
S + V, aux + Pronoun ?
General rule : 1. negative statements affirmative interrogative
Cu ph nh ui khng nh
2. affirmative statements negative interrogative
Cu khng nh ui ph nh
Ex : you didnt see him, did you? Peter helped you , didnt he ?
Note:
1. I m late , arent I ?
2. Cu ngh: Let
|
s +(not) + V , shall we? Let
|
s listen to some music, shall we?
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 23 -
3. Cu mnh lnh:
Do/don
|
t do smt, will you? Open the door , will you?. Don
|
t be late, will you?
Cu mnh lnh :nhc nh nguy him s sy ra dng (won

t you)
Be careful with that dog, won

t you?
4.Nhng cu vn c cc t mang ngha ph nh : Neither, no , noone, nobody, nothing , scarcely ,
barely, hardly ever, seldom. C cu hi ui khng nh.
Ex: no salt is allowed, is it?
5. Khi S = anyone, no one , anybody, nobody, none , neither - dung ' they' lm S ca cu hi ui.
Ex : Everyone had recognized him , hadnt they?
6. phn cu ch ng l nothing, something, everything, this, that th phn ui ta dng i t 'it'.
Everything will be all right, wont it?
LESSON 16 :MODAL VERBS

MODAL VERBS ngha V du
Can (be able to) +V
0
Co the ( kha nang) Can you speak any foreign
languages?
Could +V
0
-Co the ( kha nang qk)
-trong cac cau e ngh , xin phep
-My grandfather could speak five
languages.
-could you tell me theway to the
post office?
Must +V
0
Phai (can thiet, bon phan phai lam g )
Chac han ( suy luan co c s )
-'You must do something'
- she looks pale. She must be ill.
Mustn't+V
0
Khong c phep( cam )lam g You mustn't smoke in here.
May/ might +V
0
Co the, co le ( hien tai hoac tng lai)
May : dung e xin phep ( may I...)
"There's someone at the door "- " It
may be Tom"
-May I go out?
Needn'tV
0
Khong can thiet lam g We'v got plenty of time .we needn't
leave yet.
Must have + V
ed
/ V
3


At han a (dien ta 1 s suy oan gan
ung ve 1 s kien qua kh)
She won the game. She must have
been very happy.
Should have +V
ed
/ V
3


ang le phai (dien ta 1 li khien trach
oi vi 1 hanh ong qua kh ang le
nen lam ma lai khong lam)
It was a great party last night.You
should have come.Why didnt you?

Neednt have V
ed
/ V
3

a khong can thiet lam qua kh
( nhng a lam):
I needn't have written to him because
he phoned me shortly afterwards.
LESSON 17 : CONJUNCTION( LIE N T) : But/ Yet/ However/ so/ therefore
1. But/ Yet/ However. ( nhng, tuy nhien - neu ra s oi lap) : giong nhau ve ngha nhng khac nhau
ve dau cau.
Clause 1, but/ yet + clause 2

Sentence 1. However, sentence 2.
Clause 1; however, clause 2.
I tried my best to pass the exam, but I still failed.
= tried my best to pass the exam;however, I still failed.
=I tried my best to pass the exam.However, I still failed.
2. so/ therefore ( v vy, v th) : giong nhau ve ngha nhng khac nhau ve dau cau.
Clause 1, so + clause 2

Sentence 1. Therefore, sentence 2.
Clause 1; therefore, clause 2.
Tim was too angry, so he left without saying anything.
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 24 -
=Tim was too angry;therefore, he left without saying anything.
=Tim was too angry.Therefore, he left without saying anything.
LESSON 18: OTHER COMMON STRUCTURES
1.
It + takes / took + (O ) + Ktg + to V
0
.. : (ai) mat ktg e
S + spend / spent + Ktg + (in) + Ving : trai qua ktg lam g
Ex: It takes me 2 hours to do homework every day.
I spend 2 hours doing homework every day.
2.
S + would rather + (not) + V
0
(HT) : muon, thch
S + would rather + V
0
.. + than + V
0
(HT) : thch .. hn
S + would rather + S + V
2
/ were +. (HT) : muon, thch
Ex: 1. She would rather go to the cinema.
2. I would rather watch TV than go out.
3. I would rather he didnt smoke here.
3.
S + prefer + Ving / sth + to + Ving / sth : thch hn
S + prefer + to-inf + than + to-inf . : thch hn
Ex: They prefer swimming to playing football.
I prefer to cook than (to) clean the floor.
4.
The last time + S + V2 was + in + 1993
when S+ V
2

two years ago
Lan cuoi la
S + havent / hasnt + V3 .. since 1990
since S + V
2

for two years
a khong .
It is + KTG + since + S (last) + V
2
a bao lau ke t ..
Ex: 1. The last time we met him was in 1990. We havent met him since 1990.
2. The last time I talked to him was when I was at school.
I havent talked to him since I was at school.
3. The last time we played football was ten years ago.
We havent played football for ten years.
Its ten years since we (last) played football.
5.
This is the first time + S + have/has + V
3
Lan au tien...lam
S + have never( not) + V
3
+ ..... before. Cha bao gi lam trc ay
Ex: This is the first time I have met him.= I have never met him before.
6.
S + began / started + to V
0
/ Ving when + S + V
2

...........ago
bat au lam khi
... cach ay
S + has /have + V3 since + S + V
2

Has/ have + been + Ving for khoang thi gian
a lam....ke t khi..
.... trong ktg
Ex: He started to learn English when he was 5 years old
He has learned English since he was 5 years old
Ex: He began working here 6 years ago= he has been working here for 6 years
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 25 -
7.
Its (high / about) time + for + O + to V
0
: a en luc
Its (high / about) time + S + V
2

Ex: Its time she went to bed. Its time for her to go to bed.
Ex: I shouldn't have stayed up last night. ( I stayed up last night and now I regret)
The woman might have gone home.
8. a)
It + be + adj + (for O ) + to-inf
Ving + be + adj .
To-inf
Ex: It is important (for us) to study English.
To study English is important. Studying English is important.
b)
nice
polite
Its + kind + of + sb + to-inf :
considerate
rude
t te
lch s
t te
chu ao
tho lo
Ex: It is kind of you to help me with the homework.
c)
nice
polite
S
ngi
+ be + kind to + sb / sth
considerate
rude...
t te
lch s
t te
chu ao
tho lo
EX: He is kind to everyone. You are a little rude to customers
9.. Extra object 'it':
find
consider to-inf
S + make + it + adj / noun + that + clause
think Wh
believe
prove
: tm thay
: xem nh
: nhan nh
: ngh rang
: tin rang
: chng to
Ex: He finds it difficult to do maths.
My sister made it her duty to do housework.
10. USED TO/ BE USED TO
USED TO: ( TNG ) S + Used to +V
0
S + didn't use to +V
0
Did +S + use to +V
0
?
BE / GET USED TO ( QUEN VI) S + (be) Used to + V-ing
11. Li ni ph ha khng nh v ph nh ( cng vy, cng th)
1. Khng nh S + auxiliary + too
Affirmative statement + and +
So + auxiliary + S
Ex: They will work in the lab tomorrow, and you will too.
Ex: They will work in the lab tomorrow, and so will you.
2. Ph nh S + negative auxiliary + either
Negative statement + and +
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 26 -
Neither + positive auxiliary + S
Ex: I didn't see Mary this morning, and John didn't either
Ex: I didn't see Mary this morning, and neither did John.



LESSON 19 : MU CU GIAO TIP
1) CC MU NGH NGI KHC GIP MNH:
ngh tr li ng tr li khng ng
- V
0 ............
, please.
- Can you / Could you + V
0..........
- Would you please + V
0...........

-will youV
0.

- I wonder if you'd/ could +V
0.

- Certainly - Of course - Sure
- No problem
- What can I do for you?
- How can I help you?
I'm sorry. (I'm busy )
I'm afraid I can't/ couldn't
- Would / Do you mind V-ing
........

- No I don't mind.
- No, of course not. - Not at all.
- I'm sorry, I can't.


2 ) CC MU MNH MUN GIP NGI KHC:
tr li ng tr li khng ng
Shall I...
Would you like me to ...
Do you want me to ...
- What can I do for you ?
- May I help you ? - Do you need any help?
- Let me help you. - Can I help you ?
-Yes. Thank you
-That's very kind of you.
Yes, please.
Oh, would you really? Thanks
a lot.

No. Thank you
No, thank you. I can
manage.
No, there's no need. But
thanks all the same.
Well, that's very kind of
you, but I think I can
manage, thanks.
3 ) CC MU XIN PHP NGI KHC:
tr li ng tr li khng ng
- May I ....? - Can I .....?Could I
. May I go out ?
Do you think I could ...
I wonder if I could ...
Is it all right if I ...
- Certainly - Of course
- Please do - Please go ahead
-Yes, by all means

- I'd rather you didn't
- I'd prefer You didn't
-No, I'm afraid you can't
-I'm sorry, but you can't.

- Would you mind if I + QK
Would you mind if I smoked ?
- Do you mind if I + HT.
Do you mind if I smoke ?
- No, of course not.
- Not at all.
- Please do
- Please go ahead
5 ) CC MU CU"R":
tr li ng tr li khng ng
- Let's + V
0..........
- why don't we + V
0.........
?
.

- Shall we +V
0..........
? - How about + V-ing ?
- What about + V- ing?
Yes, let's.
That's good idea
. Sure, why not?
Yes, definitely.
By all means.
. Good idea!
No, let's not.

6 ) CC MU CU CM N:
tr li
- Thank you. - Thank you very much.
- Thanks a lot. - Thanks a lot for ....
- You're welcome. - That's all right.
- Not at all. - It's my pleasure
7 ) CC MU CU hi li khi nghe khng r:
- Pardon? ( ch ny thng dng cc em cn nh)
- Please say that again.
8 ) CC MU CU MI:
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
- 27 -
a) Mi n ung: - Would you like + mn n/ung
V d: Would you like a cup of tea? ( mi bn ung tr)
p li: - Yes, please. / - No, thanks.
b) Mi i u: - Would you like + to inf.
V d: Would you like to go to the cinema with me? ( mi bn i xem phim vi ti)
Would you like to go to the party? ( mi bn i d tic)
Giving warnings Don't move! Mind you head! Watch out!
Look out! Be careful! Take care!
Showing interest

1. Uh-huh! 3. Right! 3. Really? 4. That's interesting!
5. And? 6. What then? 7. Oh? 8. What happened next?

Showing that
you're listening
1. Now, you mentioned... 2. So, that's how...?
3. Yes, I was going to ask you about that... 4. Could you give me / us an example of...?
5. Could you explain in more detail...?

Thanking and
responding

1. Many thanks. 2. Thanks a lot. 3. Cheers! 4. That's very kind of you.
5. Thank you very much 6. Not at all. 7. It's a pleasure. / My pleasure.
8. You're welcome. 9. Don't mention it. 10. Any time.
11. That's OK / all right. 12. I'm glad to have been of some help

Apologizing 1. Sorry 2. I'm very/awfully/so/extremely sorry.
3. Excuse me. 4. Sorry, (it was) my fault.
5. I do apologize. 6. Please accept my apologies
Accepting an
apology

1. That's all right/OK. 2. Not to worry.
3. That's quite/perfectly all right. 4. No reason/need to apologize.
5. Don't worry about it

Giving
instructions
1. Make sure... 2. Remember... (to do).
3. Be careful... (not to do). 4. Don't forget... (to do)
5. Giving directions 6. Go straight on.
7. Take the first/second on the left / right. 8. Turn left / right.
9. Go along... as far as... 10. Take the number 7 bus / tram.
12. Get off (the bus / tram) at... (place). 13. Carry on until you see...
14. Look out for..
Checking
someone has
understood
1. Are you with me? 2. Did you follow that?
3. Have you got that? 4. Is everything clear so far?
5. Does that seem to make sense
Sequencing
actions

1. First of all, ... 2. Next, ... 3. Then, ... 4. After that, ... 5. Finally,




.
Talking About Actions

?
...
ENGLISH GRAMMAR REVIEW
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Making suggestions
1. Shall I / we... (do)?
2. Let's... (do).
3. Why don't I / we... (do)?
4. How about... (doing)?
5. What about... (doing)?
6. I think we should... (do).
7. I suggest that we... (do).
8. It might be a good idea if we / you... (do).
9. I think the best way of dealing with this situation would be to... (do).
10. If you ask me, I think we / you should... (do).
12. We could...
Agreeing to a suggestion
1. Yes, I think that's a good idea.
2. That's probably the best option.
3. Sure, why not?
4. Yes, definitely.
5. By all means.
6. Good idea!