Module UAM and Projectiles Launched

3 Horizontally
What I Need to Know

In your previous science lessons, you have gained a more in-depth

understanding of Newton's Three Laws of Motion: Law of Inertia, Law of
Acceleration, and the Law of Interaction. You were able to do experiments and
activities on the effects of forces and motion and use your knowledge in your life
experiences.
You were able to quantify non-uniform motion from your previous grade
levels. In this module, you will mathematically describe the horizontal and vertical
dimensions of Uniformly Accelerated Motion. Once you have mastered the concepts
of uniformly accelerated motion, you will be able to describe the horizontal and
vertical motions of a projectile (S9FE-Iva-34). A projectile is the most common
example of an object moving in two dimensions; that is, it has a horizontal and
vertical motion that is independent of each other.
After doing all the activities in this module, you should be able to:
 Define projectile.
 Explain uniformly accelerated motion.
 Use kinematic equations in solving for the variables related to the
horizontal and vertical motions of a projectile.

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What’s In
Activity 1: Scalar or Vector
Identify whether the following terms are scalar or vector quantities. Put an S
before the number for scalar quantities, and V for vector quantities. After which
connect the terms to their respective SI units.
1. Distance a. m/s
2. Speed b. m/s2
3. Acceleration c. s
4. Velocity d. m
5. Time
Activity 2: Remember me
Identify the words being described in the following statements. Choose from
the box below.

Gravity Force Acceleration Velocity Displacement

1. A push or pull that causes that causes an object to move faster
or slower.
2. Direction and distance of the shortest path between an initial and
final position.
3. Speed in a given direction.

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 4. Force that attracts all objects towards the center of the Earth.
5. The rate of change in velocity.

What’s New 18
Activity 3: Roll, roll and away!

Objectives:
 Solve for the slope of the can rolling down an inclined plane.
 Describe the motion of an object moving downward.
Materials Needed:
 board/plank (at least 200 cm long)
 timing device (stopwatch)
 tin can
 stack of books
 protractor

Procedure:
1. Create an inclined plane by placing one end of the plank on top of the pile of
books. Put a mark on the plank for every 40 centimeters that you measured
starting from the lowest end. Your marks should be 40 cm, 80 cm and 120 cm
accordingly.

120 cm
80 cm

40 cm
Stack of
books Board/plank

2. Release the tin can from each of the points that you labeled and start with the
40 cm. Click the timer as you release the tin can and stop the timer when the tin
can reach the bottom of the plank.
3. Ask someone (could be any family member) to record the time (t) taken by the tin
can travel each distance (d) down the plane. Perform three trials from each mark.
Use the table below for your data.
4. Solve for the slope by dividing distance by the average time.

TABLE 1. Data on the Motion of a Rolling Tin Can

Time, t (s)
Average Slope
Distance,
time (distance/average
d (cm)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 [(Trial 1 + time)
Trial 2 +
Trial 3)/3]
40 cm
80 cm
120 cm

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Answer the following questions:

Q1. What is the relationship between distance and time of travel of the rolling can?

Q2. What have you noticed with the slope as the distance increases?

Q3. What do you think the slope suggests?

What Is It
To fully understand and describe a projectile’s motion – objects moving in
two dimensions, let us first consider objects moving in one dimension (horizontally
or vertically).
This module will focus on the motion of objects described to be moving at a
constant velocity (having an acceleration of 0 m/s2) or moving at a constant
acceleration. Objects that are moving at a constant acceleration are said to be in a
Uniformly Accelerated Motion (UAM). In other words, the acceleration does not
change; it is uniform throughout.
In the activity, you related distance and time. In computing the slope, you
divided distance by time which is actually the speed of the can. These quantities
are essential in the derivation of formulas that will solve problems relating to
uniformly accelerated motion.

Table 2. Summary of Uniformly Accelerated Motion (UAM) Formulae

Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Formulae
1. vf = at + vi
2. d = vit + at2
2
3. d = vf + vi
t
2
4. Vf2 = vi2 + 2ad

where, SI unit
vf = final velocity m/s
vi = initial velocity m/s
a = acceleration m/s2
t = time s
d = displacement m

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Uniformly Accelerated Motion (UAM): Horizontal Dimension
If a body maintains a constant change in its velocity in a given time
interval along a straight line, then the body is said to have a uniform
acceleration.
Consider an airplane on a runway preparing for takeoff.

velocity 5m/s 10m/s 15m/s

time 1s 2s 3s

position
0m 5m 10m 20m 30m 45m

Figure 1. An airplane preparing for take-off.

What have you noticed with the velocity of the airplane in the figure above? In the
first second, the velocity is 5m/s, in the next time it becomes 10m/s, and on the
third second it becomes 15m/s. Notice that the velocity of the airplane as it runs
on the runway is increasing. When the velocity changes every second, it means
that the airplane is accelerating. How much is the change in velocity for every
second? If you try calculating for the change in velocity from 1s to 2s, that is
10m/s – 5m/s = 5m/s. The change in velocity from 2s to 3s is 15m/s – 10m/s =
5m/s. Notice that the change in velocity for every second is 5m/s, it is not
changing, it remains the same or uniform for every second. The figure shows that
the airplane is moving faster at a constant acceleration. This motion is referred to
as Uniformly Accelerated Motion (UAM).

Let’s try solving problems!

Sample Problem1
An airplane from rest accelerates on a runway at 5.50 m/s2 for 20.25s until
it finally takes off the ground. What is the distance covered before takeoff?

Note: If the airplane started from rest, it means to say that the initial velocity is
zero.

Solution:

1. Write the given or what information is given in the

problem. Given: Find:
a = 5.50 m/s2 d=
? t = 20.25 s
vi = 0 m/s

2. Next, find out which formula to use in solving the problem. Use the formula
checklist table below to help you find out which formula to use.

Note: Eliminate the formula that does not contain the variable that you need to
find. In this case, we are looking for d (displacement), so eliminate the formula that
does not contain the variable d.

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 Table 3. Formula Checklist
Given Formulae variables Check ( ) if the Which
variables variable has a value formula has
and put an X if the one missing
variable has a missing variable?
value (?)
1. vf = vi + at eliminate this formula Formula
vf since it doesn’t have No. 2
a the variable d
t then we use
vi formula no.
2. d = vit + at2 2
a= 2
5.50 m/s2 d
vi
t= t
20.25 s a
3. d = vf + vi
vi = 2 t
0 m/s d
vf
d=? vi
t
4. Vf2 = v 2 +2ad
i
vf
vi
a
d

3. Solve the problem using the chosen formula.

d = vit + at2
2
d = (0 m/s)(20.25 s) + (5.50 m/s2) (20.25 s)2
2
d = 0 + (5.50 m/s ) (410.0625 s2)
2

2
Sample Problem 2
d =uniformly
A motorcyle from rest accelerates 1128 m over a time of 3.25 seconds and
covers a distance of 15 m. What is the acceleration of the motorcycle?
Given: Find: d = vit + at2
vi = 0 m/s a=?
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t = 3.25 s 2
5 m = (0 m/s) (3.25 s)+ a (3.25 s)2
d = 15 m
2
15 m = 0 + a (10.5625 s2)
2
15 m = a (5.28 s2)
a = 15 m
5.28 s2
a = 2.8

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 Try solving this…
A car accelerates to a speed of 15 m/s over 200 m distance. Determine the acceleration (assu

Uniformly Accelerated Motion (UAM): Vertical Dimension

You have been introduced to the concept of gravity in Grade 8. You have
learned that gravity acts on all objects by pulling it towards the center of the Earth.
So, on Earth when you throw something up, it will go down. Things thrown upward
always fall at a constant acceleration (ag) which has a magnitude of 9.8 m/s2.
This means that the velocity of an object in free fall changes by 9.8 m/s every
second of fall.
Consider a stone dropped from a cliff as shown in Figure 2. For equal time
interval, the distance travelled increases quadratically.

0 m/s
-9.8 m/s
-19.6 m/s

-29.4 m/s

-39.2 m/s
Figure 2. Motion of the stone dropped from a hill.

Sample Problem 1
Ben is playing with his ball on top of a building, but the ball fell and hits the
ground after 2.6 seconds, what is the final velocity of the ball just before it hits the
ground and how high is the building?

Note: The initial velocity of an object that is falling or dropped from a height will
always be equal to 0 m/s, since the object started from rest.
Replace the variable d (displacement) with h (height) since we are referring
to the position of an object from top to bottom.

Given: Find:
ag = -9.8 m/s2 t = 2.6 s vf = ?
assume vi = 0 m/s h=?

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 h = vi t + a g t 2
vf = vi + agt 2
vf = 0 + (-9.8 m/s2)(2.6 s) -h = [ (0 m/s)(2.6 s) ] + (-9.8 m/s2)(2.6 s)2
2
vf = -25 m/s -h = 0 + (-9.8 m/s2)(6.76 s2)
2
-h = -66.248m
2
h = 33 m

Try solving this…

The acceleration of gravity on the moon is 1.62 m/s2. If a ball is dropped on the moon from a heig

Motion in Two Dimensions

Have you seen a soccer player kick a ball? Or a basketball player shoots a
ball into the ring? What have you noticed with the path the balls travel? If you
noticed, the balls travel a curved path. The curve naturally happens when an
object, called a projectile, moves in two dimensions – having both horizontal and
vertical motion components, acted by gravity only. In physics, this is called
projectile motion.
Understanding the Physics of projectiles helps players enhance their game
skills and experience.
Projectile motion can happen in two situations – projectiles launched
horizontally, and projectiles launched at an angle. This module will describe the
motion of projectiles launched horizontally.

Projectiles Launched Horizontally

A projectile launched horizontally has no
initial vertical velocity (vix = 0). Thus, its vertical
motion is like that of a dropped object.
Projectiles are only acted upon by gravity.
Therefore, projectiles launched horizontally only
have downward acceleration (ay), which is
equivalent to -9.8 m/s2 and has no horizontal
acceleration (ax = 0).
Projectiles have horizontal (x) and vertical
(y) components that are independent of each
other. Thus, we will recreate the Uniformly
Accelerated Motion Formulae according to the
horizontal and Figure 3. Velocity
vertical components of a projectile. component
vector diagram
for
horizontally fired projectile.

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 Table 4. Horizontal and Vertical Component Formulae for Projectiles
Launched Horizontally
Uniformly Horizontal (x) Vertical (y)
Accelerated component component
Motion Formulae Formulae
Formulae ax = 0 viy = 0

vf x= axt + vix vf x = vix vf y= ayt + viy vf y =

1. vf = at + vi a yt

2. d = vit + at2 X = vixt + axt2 X=vixt y= viy t + ay t2 y =ayt2

2 2 2 2
3. d = vf + vi X = vfx + vix_ y = vfy_ t
t 2 t
2 2
2 2
4. Vf = vi + Vfx2 = vix2 + 2axx Vfy = viy2 +2ayy
2

2ad Vfx2 = vix2 Vfy2 = 2ayy

ax =horizontal acceleration ay = vertical acceleration (ag)

vfx = final horizontal velocity vfy = final vertical velocity
vix = initial horizontal velocity vix = initial vertical velocity
x = horizontal displacement y = vertical displacement

Sample Problem 1
Marble is thrown horizontally from a table top with a velocity of 1.50 m/s.
The marble falls 0.70 m away from the table’s edge.
A) How high is the lab table?
B) What is the marble’s velocity just before it hits the floor?

Before you can find the height of the lab table, you must determine first the
time it took the marble to reach the ground.

Given/Find:
Horizontal (x) Vertical (y)
component component
vix = 1.50 m/s ay = -9.8 m/s2
x = 0.70 m y=?
vfy = ?
t=?

Note: You can solve for time using equations from Horizontal or Vertical
Component depending on the given. In this problem, we cannot solve for time
using the Y component since the variables are lacking. If you look at the X
Component, Vix and X are given; therefore, we can use these variables in solving
for time.
Solve for time using this formula: X =vixt
X = vixt
0.70 m = (1.50 m/s)
t t = _0.70 m_
1.50 m/s
t = 0.47 s

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 Since we already have the value for time = 0.47s, we can now solve for
y (vertical displacement) or the height of the lab table. We can use this formula in
solving for y: y = ayt2
2
y = ay t 2
2
y takes a negative -y = (-9.8 m/s 2) (0.47 s)2

sign since we are 2

dealing with -y = (-9.8 m/s2) (0.2209 s2)
downward 2
displacement -y = -2.16482 m
2
-y = -1.08 m

y = 1.08
We can also solve for vfy using our value for time = 0.47 s. We can use
this formula : vf y = ayt
vf y = ayt
vf y = (-9.8 m/s2) (0.47 s)

vf y = 4.61 m/s

What’s More
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Activity 4: Solve the Problems

Directions: Solve the following problems. Show complete solution.

1. Maria dropped a coin in the wishing well and it hits the bottom after 3 seconds.
Determine the final velocity of the coin as it hits the bottom of the well and find out
the height of the wishing well.
Given/Find Formula/e Solution (4 points)
(3 points) (2 points)

Given:
ag= a.
vi =
t=
Find: b.
vf = ?
h=?

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2. An airplane from rest accelerates on a runway at 6.5 m/s2 for 15 s until it finally
takes off the ground. What is the distance covered before takeoff?
Given/Find Formula/e Solution (2 points)
(3 points) (1 point)

Given:
vi = a.
a=
t=
Find:
d=?

3. A motorcycle from rest accelerates uniformly over a time of 5 seconds and covers a
distance of 20 m. Determine the acceleration of the motorcycle.

Given/Find Formula/e Solution (2 points)

(4 points) (1 point)

Given:
vi = a.
t=
d=

Find:

4. A cannonball is launched horizontally from the top of a mountain with a velocity of

3.5 m/s. The cannonball falls 50 m away from the edge of the mountain.
a) How high is the mountain?
b) What is the cannonball’s velocity just before it hits the ground?
Given/Find:
Horizontal (x) component (2 pts) Vertical (y) component (3 pts)
vix = ay =
x= Find:

t=?

Solution: (6 pts)

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 What I Have Learned
18

Activity 5: How much do you know?

Direction: Complete the table below with kinematic equations.

Horizontally Launched Horizontally Launched
Uniformly Accelerated
Projectiles Vertical Projectiles Horizontal
Motion Formulae
Component Formulae Component Formulae

Activity 6: Complete me!

Direction: Complete the statements below with the correct words.
Choose from the box below.

gravity increasing projectles lauched at an angle

projectiles launched horizontally zero Independent

1. Projectiles have vertical and horizontal components that are of
each other.
2. The only force acting upon a projectile is .
3. The ball rolling down an incline has a velocity that is .
4. Projectiles do not have horizontal forces, therefore horizontal acceleration is
.
5. There are two kinds of problems related to projectiles namely
and .

What I Can Do 20

Activity 7: Think Like a Projectile!

Directions: Solve the following problems. Show complete solution. Round off your
final answers to 2 decimal places.
(ex. 2.4545697 - 2.45)

1. A moving airplane dropped a cargo (ignore the effect of air resistance). If the
plane from which the cargo was dropped was flying at a height of 600 m, and the
cargo lands 300 m horizontally from the initial dropping point,
a.
how fast was the plane flying when the bottle was released? (vix = ?)

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b.
what was the velocity of the bottle right before it hit the ground? (vfy = ?)
Solve for time first using this equation: t = 2y
ay
c.
Draw a figure or diagram that illustrates the given problem.

Draw the figure here Solution

2. Which of the two balls thrown horizontally has greater initial velocity? (vix
= ?)

25 m

15 m

5m
5m

Assessment
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TEST I. Multiple Choice
Directions. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter on
space provided before each number.

1. If a freely falling ball is somehow equipped with a

speedometer, by how much would its speed-reading increase for every
second?
a. 0 m/s b. 9.8 m/s c. 10 m/s d. 20 m/s
2. A soccer ball is hit vertically upward by a player. What is its
acceleration after 1 second?
a. 0 m/s2 b. 1 m/s2 c. 9.8 m/s2 d. -9.8 m/s2

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 3. The motion of an object with constant acceleration is also known as
a. Motion c. constant motion
b. uniform motion d. uniformly accelerated motion
4. A toy is dropped from the top of a 100 m building. What is the ball’s initial
velocity?
a. 0 m/s b. 9.8 m/s c. 10 m/s d. 15 m/s
5. What is the only force that acts upon projectiles?
a. Motion b. gravity c. inertia d. velocity
6. Which illustrates projectile motion?
a. Running
b. Driving a car
c. Kicking a soccer ball
d. Dropping a stone from the top of the building
7. What is the horizontal distance covered by the ball thrown horizontally
at 10 m/s if its time of flight is 3.0 s?
a. 10 m b. 20 m c. 30 m d. 35 m
8. A man drives his motorcycle horizontally off the end of a cliff and lands in
the water 2 s later. How high is the cliff?
a. 19.6 m b. 15.6 m c. 17.9 m d. 20 m
9. A marble is launched horizontally from a table at 12 m/s and lands 5
m away from the edge of the table. What is the time of flight of the marble?
a. 0.10 s b. 0.42 s c. 0.5 s d. 0.45 s
10. What is the direction of acceleration for any projectile?
a. Up b. down c. left d. right

Test II. Matching Type.

Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter of your answer in the
space provided before each number.

A
B
1. A free falling object has an acceleration that is
. a. Velocity
2. The vertical and horizontal components
b. Vertical
of projectiles are of each other.
3. Projectiles launched horizontally will have zero c. Constant
acceleration. d. Horizontal
4. An object that moves in two dimensions. e. Projectile
5. The ball rolling down an incline has a velocity a f. Curve
th is . g. Increasing
6. acceleration of projectiles
h. Zero
launched horizontally is constant.
7. Projectiles launched horizontally has a horizontal i. Acceleration
is it uniform or constant. j. independent
8. Things thrown upward always fall at a constant
.
9. The initial velocity of a free-falling object is
.
10. Refers to the path the projectiles make.

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