Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 11action Students Book

    Uploaded by

    jazy93
    3 views173 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    3 views173 pages

    11action Students Book

    Uploaded by

    jazy93

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    of 173
    for Kazakhstan Jenny Dooley Bob Obee ‘Translation by: N. Mukhamedjanova ST ema GRADE 11 taaaly, Express Publishing Published by Express Publishing Liberty House, Greenham Business Park, Newbury, Berkshire RG19 6HW, United Kingdom Fax: (0044) 1635 817 463 ‘email: inguiries@expresspublishing.co.uk ewe presspublishing co.uk Exclusive Distributors LAP ‘EDU Stream’ 104 Bogentai baty, 050002 Almaty, Kazakhstan Tek: +7(727)293 85 69 ~ +7(727)293 94 20 (© Jenny Dooley - Bob Obee, 2020 Design and ilustration © Express Publishing, 2020 Colour lustrations: Angela, Simon Andrews, Ky, Nathan © Express Publishing, 2020 ‘Music Arrangements by Express studio © Express Publishing, 2020 sega tte nears til Dre transmitted in any frm, of by ary means, electronic, Photocopying, or other thout the prior written permission of the publishers. This book isnot meant tobe changed in any way. ISON 978-144715-8442.8 & Acknowledgements, Authors” Acknowledgements We would like to thank all the staff at Ex ishing who have contributed their kills to producing this book. Thanks are due in parca Megan Laon tr n AAD Bane tha Richt Sater ior tra Andrew Wight etre sant ar Brian O'Neil senior production control xpress Publishing design team; Expres studio (recording produce) and Emily Newton, ‘Kevin Haris, Danie! Parker, Erica ss ‘and Timothy Forster for ther support and patience. We would also like to thank those institutions and teachers who pil script, and whose comments and Feedback were invaluable inthe production of the book. We thank EDU Stream for providing translation. ‘Module 2:The Shark Wh 1m Higginbotham © Telegraph Media Group Limited 2004 on p. 33; ‘Module 5: Young entre ing their mark (texts 8 and C) © Guardian News & Media Ltd 2017 on pp. 665 Photograph Acknowledgements ‘Module 1: Rosalig@)franklin © Donaldson Collection/Michael Ochs Archives/ideal image on p. 7; Gregor Mendel © Ned M Seidler/Nat yraphiclGetty Images/Ideal Image on p.7; Dolly cloned sheep © PA Images via Getty Images/ideal Image on p. le 4: Babylonian astronomers © ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY/Getty Imagesiideal Image on 1p. 52; Module 5: Leonardo's sketches and drawings: Lighthouse project © DigitalVision/Getty Images/ideal Image on P66; Nevt@n invents A New Telescope © The Print Collector/Getty Images/Idea! Image on p. 72; Alexander Graham Bell «all © Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images/ideal image on p. 72; J K Starley, 'SSPL/Getty images/ideal Image on p. 72; Whittle And Engine © Charles Hewitt/Getty Images/deal Image on p, 72; ATM © Keystone/Getty Images/ideal Image on p, 72; Module 9: 8 toy Welsh lady doll figurine © Photofusion Imagies Group via Getty Images/Ideal Image on p. 120 Ft has been made to trace all the copyright holder. f any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publishers will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements atthe frst opportunity. Irregular ‘" Ta Past Participle | Infinitive cor ee pee ee Ee en ee ss femoponl ana ie pee: [eee [Ieee see began Jbrgan! begun foeasn! fight any it ay iy fecaoay ony [sti Sew Bowe haa pee, UR Nacsa |e om poner a rer day, cea Perey mar fmt [amt as Porn ow | bat Bor) ee |e eared tat farm iene pore |p ear ‘bought foot) ‘bought oa oti i sed eau ia recente fot ae Gtk lato [esata tasted [ea tey apace Gomes locciec — eeantonma — | [sence Myyloctons ie a fa tag ne fete Ser leer cea saa ee cate gue “Y| dio em he saw isd een Aimy coin [cia se ead eee dig janah dug Aisg! diag ftva/ cod ‘sent fen sent sent! oe Pry Sena IE el ry pn ne alte. rn aa [Riis oe ~~ foe aan ues ae ame [ames Feyiey ding lactone” lack mang acne | atta Sr er lee lee Seeger [amen | eta Fevoimmnl fern fare am te sr ees lpia Sh ser eben eee tape ete f "% ee: || aes fell fedew legac os rates | ocak asa ick | sak Sade na fame |fetsow Bs ma a fight jfaay fought /tox pught Fay speak /spidk! “spoke sspouk! spoken /spoukoa! find fared found sfoundy Nave! spel spel ‘spelt (spelled) /spcie spett Kspellied) ispc le fly Mad ew Mae! Mae! ‘opel spell Podranay | be nee janes ||wmdinas [meter | mettinnd Cee joes Ales |icew foes berry oe jee Ace= zo me ee. feos” — totem ios nce Sikes | puto evry ee. |e ee cams — | ota tty ee eee eee in ei ee feces foeee font er fei Sarwar |||manes | pone =. [ae ie ace cea ay ‘hang fhaca/ Aon ‘hung (hanged) hom teach dial! taught foil taught fool o. ton ene [eres fort leet hae ee ee eee, as api fe feaee [Sieney | tie aon» pada eas coe [amen er = nee feral en feeran Naka raids || ar | acne hey breton hoa epee ct ag et Nios Niece [reanarerae ee eee eee eae = awe eee ae ee stp [eles am r= res Some fone ee ey rename sterile ‘com ay AERA AE Ss mre Re Ate AE Se Sone ee Action for Kazakhstan 9 Science Schools Y GRADE 11 NY Oo Y or stiidént’s Book ae Dooley - Bob Obee x & Express Publishing $ Contents Ld Starter pp.s6 [J Making Connections| in Biology p.7.7 Language in Use p18 Progress Check pp. 19-20 The Animal World p.21-31 Language in Use p32 Progress Check pp. 33:36 ed The Human Brain p. 35-85, Language in Use p46 Progres Check pp. 47-88 WW Timekeeping Devices p.85-59 LBaguage in Use 60 Progress Chek pp. 61.62 Work & Inventions pp. 63-73 [Bnguage in Use p. 74 Progress Check pp. 7576 ‘STEM pp. 77-87 Lnguage in Use p. 88 Recent advai in tectinglogy pp. 974 [Gnguage in Ost. 108, Progress Check pp. 108-110 {Gnguage in Use p. 122 Progress Check pp. 123-124 amma Reference pp. GRI-GRIT ec + adjective complements + pre- & post-modifying oun structures + determiners: generic use + appositon/textual referencing + presentipast perfect + the passive + impersonal sentences + reported speech + presentipast tenses + deft sentences + prepositional phrases ~ clauses of concession — ‘mult-word verbs + past modals + affixes (peices and suffi) + causes of concession = conditional causes Progress Check pp. 89.90 Be ond tines) Reading for wel + present & past tenses p. 51-56 + reported speech verb complementation prepositions (with ouns/adjectvesverbs) + prepositional phases, dauses of concession, rmultiword verbs adjective complements fdverbsladverbial phrases + apposition/textual referencing Stylep. ST eo AER BEAT Ss ree Re AH MAE Se Someens Faeee eee Were + invoductory lesson + An Aeademic New Years Resolution + Journey to biological understanding (biology, modern genetics, taxonomy, blood types) formation) interview C1) + nwoduction (our naturattworid) fan interview (1) + Analysing specific featur animals (golden eagles, bats, oiphins) yy + pong nef ce newonds) - + Seamesass f a ing structions + presenvpast perfect 1+ iumgcion timekeeping stow) lective passive voce) of timekeeping devices + impersonal & cet hes the alendan structures «Presenting information tvough PPT jdeshow presentations} + verb complemghtation + Ivestigatig the world of work + dlases of co (cfc prsoaltes) + multivord verbs + Consdengsccessin business oun + pre-and posts modfVing | enteprencus making ther mak) noun st + Comparing, analysing and arking + adjective companents |” inventons (pedal talents & ives, ig ideas) + Design your own invention + verb tation [+ STEM prasenvipasttenses | intligent energy storage fapre tenses + energy storage solutions + Ngrdformation (ties - + Snalysing sademie language + discussing controversial sues (how to teach sent language) + genes of iterature (fiction! ‘Ron-ficion) + elements infin + imagery + Technological mobile and application tools (technological advances, apps in education, apps for personal and profesional use) + Options for future careers (ital natives & future careers) + Producing information eats + Introduction tynthetic material) + Resources and processes involved in ‘manufacturing dathes(wearabes & enhanced —-psychotextils) + Researching the textile industry ‘Appendices pp. APPI-APPT1 + dialogues! (multiple choice) + aninterview (altiple choice) +2 dalogue (answer ‘questons) +a dialogue {emule choice) + aminterview (apf) + monologues {multiple choice) +a monologue (note taking) + aninterview {multiple choice) + monologues {rutile rate + dlalogue (oo fi) logue (comprehension questions) ‘a lecture (Venn diagram, graphic ‘organised + character analysis +a dialogue (G2 fil + aninterview (multiple choice) +a job interview (comprehension ‘questions) + an interview (comprehension ‘questons) ‘Word ist pp- WLIWLI2 Action gr11 KAZ Ss Contents. qxp_Action or! KAZ Ss Contents 11/28/19 5:43 Pik Page 3 + Menéels Pes: Inertonce Esplained (7/08) + What’sin @name? comprehension questions) + Kar! Londsteiner (sentence ‘completion) + The Golden Eagles of ‘Kozokhstn (multiple ‘choice) + Researcher Profle: Bats \issing sentences) + Brain Goin: The Future of $roin Technology (multiple matching) + The Rosehip Neurone: A New} Type of Bran Cl (F705) + Do You Remember? ‘missing sentences) +The Merkhet (multiple choice) + 25 Centuries of Seven Days ‘rissing sentences) + How to Make an Effective ‘Sideshow Presentation ‘Comprehension questions + Young Entrepreneurs ‘Making Their Mork ‘multiple matching) + ARenassonce Gentes IDS) + Bright Sparks (multiple ‘matching) + The Energy Storage evolution (nultiple ‘hoice) +The Future of Energy ‘Storage kissing Sentences) + Do you speak Science? ‘comprehension questions + abiography ‘background analysis next fem Frankenstein + The 4¢s (muti matching) + Software you opp ‘ned in your ite TF + Meet Generation C (ri sentences) + Modern ‘ot an rt (et ‘complet + What ore your Bathes 2 Pr rrny Tee + talk about important discoveries in biology + talk about Gregor Mendel * talk about taxonomy ‘inviting - accepting/decinng + tak about eagles, bats and dofphins + actoutan interview about bats + compare & contest: fish & marine mammal} * giving/asking for opinions - agreeing: disagreeing + 3 text about recent discoveries in blood groups + formab-informal writing (emai) + aposterabout eaglesin @ Kazakhstan + an opinion essay + tak about the human brain + 3 presentation of bain + talk about bain technology + a presentation * tak about neurones tech ‘tak about memory & memory techniques |» a presenta strewrones + asking for - expressing opinions + 3 presentation about a memory + instructions: how to para smartwatch with} tech ‘phone + an instruct Ba text + tak about timekeeping devices . tation about an ancient * tak about the calendar’ ing device: * talk about slideshow presentations a ton about various + asking forigivingiresponding to advice ancient calendars how to give a succesful ‘tak about the world of work( personalities, benefits) ‘talk about the advantages & disadvan of ciferent jobs + rank inventions in order of i * present your awn invention pe cro beiests talk about intlige ‘storage (benefits) ‘talk about eneray Séage solutions +2 presentatinyof academic language (scientific ng) + exchanging viewsiiving reasons — highighing- ng an opposing point) Djavan rnc tpt cn se an Mout conta ons + resent your awn app {jeri a person for ajob resentation of career options * talkabout synthetic materials and fabric Properties * Talkabout features and/or chemicals used in wearables & enhanced dthing + present your own smart out +2 presentation about poychotertles and ‘effet on the human brain +2 presentation of fashon/dothing industry in Kazathstan tation forand-against essay + a presentation about a successful young entrepreneur + a presentation about a sdemtist + 5 description of your own invention + aletter tothe editor + a presentation on energy storage benefits + a presentation on energy storage selutions + a presentation on academic language (scientific language writing) + a speechipresentation + develop arguments > a film review + a presentation of your own app + a presentation about career options + an information leaflet, + a presentation of your own smart outfit + a presentation on psychotexties + a presentation about the fashion/clothing industry in Kazakhstan = aeport + discassing an issue ~ expressing concern/hope| Amercan-Britsh Engish p. AE-BEG 1 eo Pronuniaton p. PRI Nationa Pork (matching headings) Biology: Bes and thir World sentence completion) + Sherlock Holmes: The Method of toch (paragraph order) + Biology: How ‘memories are formed (answer questions) + Where Time Begins Te Royol Observatory (open coze) + Geography: Time Zones (rising Sentences) + Mabn the UR 69 + PSHE: How to Stand ‘ut from the Crowd 7 + MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (missing sentences) + Physics: Types of Energy tile matching) 1 The Past Present ond Future of Android OS (open doze) + Design and Technology| The New +The Welsh Notional Costume (utile choice doze) + Design & Technology: Te Joumey of Your Cotton Clothes (reading matching) Inegular Verbs Textbook language in Reading, we practise reading sils in English in 62 Listening, we isten to people taking about atopic related tothe theme of the unttext In [ICT] (information & Communication Technology), we do projects using the internet to develop our research skills means we check that we know ‘the meanings of the key vocabulary items from a text, or ‘else we look them up in the Word List or dictionary. D> rriework eons ve workin pis (claboration OB sins tase wana as sie ‘or more (collaboration te Speaking, we se tneecabvon/gonmnar fea oa sae me ogee ae thane oie cron jn Writing. we lean about different a) writing in the English language. @ MIE proces vs win iyi wich helps us to complete the writing task suBtessflly. ith useful) me of the unit, eof a writing model which iting task, we should follow in i helps u & we learn a helpful tip which ‘autonomous learners, AER aE Ss erent a AE Se Coane “ tn BETIS. we devon our ctl pepe in Vocabulary, we iearn ; in QAI. we evafare our own progress and identify our ste knesses, see p.GR means refer to the corresponding page of the Gramiaggleference to get more information about the Tobey sre presented in the module. ated to in Language’ in Use, we practise the vocabulary mey ‘the module. Check. we test our understanding of ics, vocabulary and structures presented in each module. indicates there isa video to watch, related to the theme of the univtext. In Project, we do creative tasks related to the theme of the unit/text. tn Culture Corner, we learn move about diferent caltures; this section promotes cultural awareness. tn Curricular, we ink the theme of the module to a subject onthe euriculum SEED provides vs with amazing facts ‘elated to the theme of the unittext my _Kazal TUTE , we are presented with interesting facts about Kazakhstan which are related to the theme of the module. aaa aaa LIL Starter aap. Space & Celestial bodies (1552) Match the pictures to the definitions. [11 a collection of billions of stars, gas and dust. bound together by gravity [21] the star thatis at the centre of our solar system [317] the celestial body which orbits the Earth } a large, spherical celestial body that orbits a sun [51] a bright streak of light in the night sky caused ‘when a rock enters the Earth’s atmosphere and burns [611 a small body that orbits the Sun, composed of ice, with a “tail” a spherical celestial body that orbits the Sun, butis not big enough to be a planet {81} smait pieces of rock/metal that orbit the Sun [31 J a ball of gas, generating its own light and he; visible in the night sk ° meee H asteroids |) I dwarf planet Human anatomy Chemical elements 2 (1152) Label the organs/parts of bpy. Use: 31153) Match the chemical elements (1-8) to stomach, heart, arteries, veins, pancieas! liver, ‘their symbols (a-h. ‘gail bladder, lungs, spleen, larynd, kidneys. Gon a oxygen i [LJ Ag sodium GL] te © nitrogen aT Au ae) @ carbon 0 oo 9 hydrogen i h gold aaa as Starteraam | An Academic New Year's Resolution 4 a) (1543)[9452) Fill in: nanotechnology, sources, brain, crops, reality, organisation, intelligence, exploration, universe, fossil, engineering, biology, system (x2), pesticides. Youth SCIENCE FORUM fue Hi everyone! I've been thinking about my academic paw years resolution for the coming ‘year and have decided that I'd like to study neurosclenCe)at university. Ive always been ‘interested in the capabilities of the human Ups rorsetronser senses » types of intelligence ‘and the nervous 2) Seti ig to go to university open days to find the university with the best course. Z ‘What are your academic new year’s oe Ben —17 ys, UK Tops: 2 Poste: 62 4) ssscraninsennennen OF looking. se ‘to reduce the Use OF 5) sserssnnsennannene fuels. I plan to do a work placer ‘can gain experience. I've also started preparing aoe of A ny scence pale dig the ones on CHO 6) and biological 7) . Ym confident this will help me to get a job when T graduate! ‘Sophia = 17 yrs, Spain Topics: 5 Posts: 78 Te always really & become an astronaut and work at the Baikonur Cosmodrome i in Kazakhstan. inated by space 8) ‘and astronomy. I'd love to d ‘study physics anthaStgenomy and have already started applying to different universities. I iow its ampitiousat ny ceam fs tobe able to travel nto space and help us discover wk more abou 4 Vinh -17 yrs, Vietnam Topics: 9 Posts: 43 ture, Td like to study 10). sonronn and build a robot. That's why this Tim going to the Tohoku Engineering Summer Programme in Sendai, Japan for to learn about artificial 11) and robotics. [think it will be mazing experience! Topics: 26. a For as long as I can remember T've been determined to become a doctor. I'm applying to study medicine at the Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical Univesity. T™m looking forward to leaming more about molecular 12) coe, the immune 23) + and the medical applications of modem innavations such as 14) and Virtual 15) ..sressoneenne simulation software. 17 yrs, Kazakhstan ‘Topics: 8 Posts: 107 Pages 12. Last b) (119)(147] What is your academic new year’s resolution? Tell the class. 6 | -o- Action grt KAZ Ss Mod 1.qxp_Action 9r11 KAZ Ss Mod 1 11/28/19 5:46 PM Module 1 Making Connections in Biology Vocabulary: biology, genetics, taxonomy, blood types Grammar: adjective complements, pre- and post- modifying noun structures, determiners: articles ~ generic use, apposition/textual referencing Everyday English: inviting/accepting ~ declining Phrasal verbs: verbs with on Writing: a formal email Culture Corner: Carl Woese - The Scientist behind A\New Domain of Life Curricular (Biofogy): Cloning = Making a copy Timeline of Biology 347 BCE ————+ ‘tote began to classify ving things into diferent groups and is recognised today asthe ater of 1) Louis Pasteur invented the process of 3) This process kils bacteria and helps us to gve beverages a longer shel ite, 1900 —— Kail Landsteine discovered blood types. This helpip make sure reoeves that a person who needs a blood 5) G compatible bioo, 1953 Jane Waco and Foc Citta findings on the 8). ‘of/ONA Using thew of fosa Farha dipars Maps, GSTS 1978 ‘The worlds first test tubesbaby was B6m. She was conceived via in 2003 ———— Project was completed. This project succeededin sequncing the entre genetic code of humans. vito 40) ap (MP) The Human 12). iron OM Scientist at the National Centre for Biotechnology, in Kazaifigtally have developed a pioneering biological ‘adh@Swalwhich could reduce the need for surgical sutures, ‘apd could help patients to heal quickly and safely Vocabulary Biology 4 [3)(55§2] Complete the timeline. Use: pasteurisatiOh fertilisation, Genome, evolution, inhefitagce, crystallography, taxonomy, helix, domain, cafe, transfusion, structure, LiSten and check, _—_. 1859 2) which states that humans 1 4) He performed experiments on pea plants that show how cme and expressed, Rosalind Frankn captured photographs of DNA using Xray 8) ving us clues aboutits double a structure 1977 ‘A microbiologist called Carl Woese discovered a new 9 of life called Archaea, Dolly the sheep was the wor’ fst 11) produced from an adult cal iy Over to you! 48) 0.87) F02[793 [105 (177) [TSA] + Put the events in the timeline in order of importance. Explain why. Tell the class. +[ICT) Add some other important discoveries in the field of biology. Present them to the class ‘p Modern Genetics Vocabulary & Reading 1 Look at the diagram. Fill in: stem, pod (x2), seed (x2), flower (x2). (Listen and check. GREGOR MENDEL Ce eee Character | Dominant | Recessive trait trait o— 6 arcs ae Green co» Y Vole ‘White cs JF ta J Green tT sa ial \(1743) Who is Gregor iendel? What do you know ut his experiments on pea plants? Why is he considered the ‘father of genetics’? 2 Listen and read to find out. AER BUT Se Ri Lap ie ns AE Se MORE TEMS NEM aS % e Mendel’s Peas: INHERITANCE EXPLAIN! Have you ever wondered why one pers yur family has freckles or another has curly hair? Tg under this, we need to understand inheritance and Hie, information is passed from one generation to the next. For that, we dave to j ies Aendel, chose to continue his ed txploe his scientific ideas happy that he was able to thy physics, botany and Syn es hile also conducting expetiments, about variation in plants. Mendet's He chose to study the pea plant as his primary model system to study heredity becgusettgrows quickly, produces many seeds and can either sel-poltina pollinate with another plant. His experiments allowgdihim to discover fundamental principles of inheritance which al 10 people and other animals, Mendel Waspcurious about what determined variance. He decided to logk-at seven different pea plant traits: height, seed colour, seed ayes colour, pod shape, flower position and flower colour. He sedesélective breeding to observe these traits over many generations. Study skills Collocations are two or more words that often go together. Learning to use them correctly makes you sound natural in English, 3 (1142) Read the text again. Mark the sentences (1-5) as T (true), F (false) or DS (doesn’t say). 1. Gregor Mendel was the first person to study genetics. 2 He didn’t choose to study the pea plant at random. 3 Allof the first generation of pea plants showed a particular trait. 4 One of his conclusions was that the genes changed ‘when they were passed on. 5 Mendel’s paper, Experiments in Plant Hybridization ‘was quite popular when first published (1352) Fill in: variation, inheritance, allele, model, offspring, breeding. Then make sentences using the phrases. plants 3 selective 5 primary... system Vvumnnn generation 2 . A dominant... 6 fundamental principles OF no. eo AER BEE Se MAS Lape aes EAE eS ee ee ‘Mendel's findings Mendel quickly discovered that by breeding 2 homozygous plant with yellow pea Seeds and a homozygous plant with green pea seeds, the First offspring generation were heterozygous yet Pue-becing Pubes yelrine green ine "Nei Ne ‘Nee ues ode inherited a Y (yellow) dominant allele from one parent and ay (areen) recessive allele from the other. This meant that they had a 50/50 chance of passing on one ar the other alleles to each individual offspring. The next generation, however, always had a ratio of three yellow to one green. Based on a mathematical analysis ofthe results of his experiments, he was confident to reach three Conclusions First, each trait is dependent on genes which are passed on unchanged. Second, one gene for each tat is inherited from each parent. Thirdly, some traits may not be apparent in an individual but can be passed on to the next generation. He also concluded that the genotype is always more important than the phenotype when it comes to heredity How it was perceived by other scientists In 1866, Mendel published Experiments in Plant Hybrdeation which detalied is obserotions me ee ace imate tre are scientific community took no notice of his wofRjuntil. thirty years later, by which time he had die ver, his work is the foundation of the moder of genetics. g Os J) Choose the correct item. 5 * Non-Mendelian Gene Mender’s research was only the beginning. have aso discovered other ways in which metes can be inherited. One example is incomplete 2) variancelfominance; this ispwhen tw 3) alleles/ells produce a blended 4) + white = pink) ‘Another example is co-dominance when two or more alleles are 5) domina id can both be seen (eg, red + white =red + wi ly, there ae sex-inked traits; these are 6) herited on from one 7) generation/fts pri nest, but are often only seen in members of gne sex Speakingy G (8|2138 9757) CD present Gregor Mendel laws of inheritance to the class. Grammar jective complements 7163) An adjective complement is a phrase ‘that modifies an adjective. Find examples in ‘the text. pen Match the two columns to form ‘complete sentences. Mendal's Laws of lo Lawof [When a gametes f one randomly | segregation | selected alle or gach ge Law of | Different genes tails are inherited independent| independant her assortment Law of | Some’ dominant and same are dominance. | receiv. 1h of te alleles inthe genotype are different, the dominant one vill be ressedfin the phenotype. Each allele can ited by the net generation ince, variation, primary model system, hefedity, variance, selective breeding, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, henotype, segregation, gamete (1 Aizhan was Peer devastated b_ how Mendel was able [21] They were ‘tomake such discoveries relieved inhis lifetime. [31] Professor «when she learned her Bolatis research had been unsure destroyed in the fire. (41 We'rejust’ whether our research glad is worth publishing. 1 oe © toleam the disease ae was not genetic [EL] ttisamazing 5 toacouer the gene inher own family. Writing (155) ICT| Collect more information about Gregor Mendel and his experiments/theories. Prepare and give the class a presentation. ‘Answer questions. Evaluate other speakers’ performances. ALLER SEER PP eet ee eens Uae oe me D Taxonomy Dieta i a, Ptr ci ndAglewplngeaea species nativeto Kazakstan? Perhaps you know these animals better by W h eh J Ss their common names, the beluga sturgeon, the snow leo} e steppe eagle. Scientific names are not often usd bythe general pub, have you A 9 ae ‘wondered about their origin, or why ae, ‘on Earth has inaname? ‘The way in which wename and clas ving Giganisms Gatesall the way back to Aristotle in ancient Greece, Aristotle, known ¥pfthe ‘father of science’ created the field of taxonomy to desc ise life forms. The word itself comes from the ancient Greek wi eaning ‘arrangement’, and nnomia, meaning ‘method’. Early taxonomy’ was based on the type of organism ~ a plant, an animal, a a: fish ~ and a description of is characteristics, for example, bard woodén stem or pointed leaves, Aristotle began to dass living organist on their attributes such as giving birth tolive young, laying havingblood or not having blood. Infact, these attributes roughly hp categories. mammals, non-mammals, vertebrates and non veregats invertebrates) that we use today. Avistotle had a sa ‘Theophrastus who carried on this trait goingon toname around $60 plants and theiruses in Historia Plantarum, and asaresul coh i ofbotany. ? Vocabulary & Reading es © AgStify attributes, equate to, vertebrate, invertebrate, optical 41 (iia) 122) (711420743) The len etzxonomists, binomial, genus, invalid, harbour diagram shows the Linnaean : system of classification. What do “2)) (114.8 (1125)(1 | 035) (1745)/9952) (0755) Read the text you know about it and Carl again and answer the questions, Linnaeus who developed it? 1. Why is Aristotle called the ‘father of science’? Which two of these seven 2 What name did Theophrastus earn for himself? Classifications are used in the 3. Why were more detailed observations possible during the scientific name of a living, Renaissance? organism? 4 What did John Ray publish and when? «Listen and readto find put. 5 What happened to the original names of organisms after the Linnaean system was introduced? Taxonomy site), Tétingean System : ” tranchot siene Jf, of Clssification (7152) Complete the summary. Use words from the seed box. especialy f| The first attempt to 1) ‘and name living oxganisms dates organises. Th back to ancient Greece, when Aristotle and his student Theophrastus aim of exon ivided animals and plants according to theit 2)... cn Such isto desghibtand 5 DEIAG AlN) 3) on namnersnsnen OF A(N) A) rns . The zie invention of the 5) lens some centuries later led to spin ‘more detailed observation of organisms during the Renaissance period. Using the work of Renaissance 6) ..uccunumenne 8 & foundation, ‘us Carl Linnaeus introduced a standardised 7) " naming system for all species, whereby the name of each is made up of the sPébies 8) and a unique name. 10 sive even more new species names. Major taxonomists ‘during these periods were Andrea Cesalpino who included ‘over 1,500 plant species in De Plants in 1583, John Ray ‘who published details of over_18,000_plant_species in ‘Methodus Plantarum Nova in 1682 and Joseph Piton de ‘Tournefort who described over 9,000 species in 698 genera, in nsituiones Re erbariaein 1700, Following on from their work, Carl Linnaeus, a Swedish botanist, became the ‘fther of modem taxonomy. Linneaus changed che way organisms were dassfied using their class, order, genus and species, which came to be known as the Linnaean system. He also introduced a standardised binomial naming sytem inthe 18th century ‘which requires ll species to be given a two-part scientific rmame made up of the genus and a unique name for that particular species. Since the binomial naming system became popular, all old names became invalid and new names! fling the rules of the system were given. In fact, today, almost every organism on our planet already has a scientific name. However, there are sill some places that harbour unknown species, sichas the depths of our oceans and our unexplored forests and jungles. FAST The taxonomy of a new species must published in a work of scientific re rd Grammar Pre- and Post-modifying noun structures 4 ®) (if) Noun moditr (page post modifiers) are words that give extra information to the “at refer to. Identify the underlined miédifying noun by ina Jentify the modifying noun structures below. Then, weite sentences applying the theory based on the text. v0 nent the university laboratory. 2 We me of Linnaeus’s notebooks in a ase at the museum. 3 lone a two-year course in biology. ght a new drawing book yesterday, Linnaeus invented a system which revolutionised taxonomy. 7 aa AER BETZ Se Ri Lap en eS AE Se MORE Ee ne I Listening é 5 Ti2(7122/1725 (> Listen to two'Ftiends discussing plant taxonomy. For qi 14, choose the correct answer ABoor C. 1 Lauren says that the Asterac ily A also includes orchid'pants. B contains more than 19,008 different plants. © means ‘sunfl daisy’ family in Latin, 2 Marigold flowers A have a simi ance to calendula B can bg made int6 teas and tinctures C are oft in herbal medicine. 3 Latest ‘word Tagetes indicates a plant is ‘A. potentially poisonous, for herbal remedies. € “Frogt the same genus as marigolds, Ree isa Latin word used to describe some ints which Aare commonly used in cooking. B_ have historically been used as herbal remedies. © were named long ago in history. Speaking & Writing fas eoainas > BEIT How does taxonomy help scientists study {understand} the natural world? Why is ‘taxonomy important for the biodiversity {animals and plants) in a particular area? Discuss in groups, Evaluate each other's performance and give feedback, Hg (Fg) (a) (115. (1752) (H157/(1153) ICT) Find out what categories of living organisms are included in each group in the Linnaean system of cla: cation (see Ex. 1). You can include information about ‘the classification of a living organism. Prepare and give a presentation to the

    You might also like