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Geography Unit 8 Notes
Geography Unit 8 Notes
Geography Unit 8 Notes
Environment of Pakistan
O Level-IGCS
UNIT 8 –P2
SHORT NOTES AND EXPECTED IMPORTANT QUESTION/ANSWERS
KEY DETAILS
Solar energy
Wind energy
Hydroelectric power
Tidal or Wave energy
Geothermal energy
Biogas/fuels
Coal
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Nuclear energy
Solar power works by converting energy from the sun into power. There are two forms of energy
generated from the sun for our use – electricity and heat. Both are generated through the use of solar
panels, which range in size from residential rooftops to ‘solar farms’ stretching over acres of rural
land. Solar radiation may be converted directly into electricity by solar cells (photovoltaic cells). In such
cells, a small electric voltage is generated when light strikes the junction between a metal and
a semiconductor (such as silicon) or the junction between two different semiconductors. The power
generated by a single photovoltaic cell is typically only about two watts. By connecting large numbers of
individual cells together, however, as in solar-panel arrays, hundreds or even thousands of kilowatts
of electric power can be generated in a solar electric plant or in a large household array.
POSSIBILITIES IMPOSSIBILITIES
Urban and rural areas of Lower and Upper Indus Northern mountains like Karakoram and Himalaya
plains have 8 months of hot and arid climatic of Pakistan have high cloud cover snow falling in
conditions which are feasible for the installation winters which disturb the production of solar
and generation of solar energy energy in the area
Desert regions of Pakistan like tharparkar, Kharan, Coastal regions of Pakistan both at Makran and
Mountain ranges of Baluchistan along with parts of Sindh coast remains under influence of Mari time
western mountains like kirthar range and sulemain breezes and frequent cyclones which also creates
range also observe hot and dry temperature mostly problem in its smooth functioning
so generation of solar power is possible to extent.
EXPECTED QUESTIONS
1. What is solar energy and how it is produced.
2. Describe the benefits and disadvantages of solar energy to Pakistan
3. Discuss the various usages of solar energy in Pakistan
4. To what extent Pakistan can further develop solar energy in the country
Electrical energy production: Through the use of wind turbines, the wind's kinetic energy can be
transformed into mechanical energy and this, in turn, into electrical energy.
Pumping water: Wind energy can be used to extract water from the ground using wind pumps, which
are turbines capable of pumping up to six hundred liters per hour, which is enough to meet the needs
of a small farm.
Renewable hydrogen: Wind energy is used to produce the continuous electrical current that is needed
to produce renewable hydrogen. This type of hydrogen is used, for example, to produce synthetic
fuels or eco-fuels.
Potential in Pakistan
Northern mountains like Karakoram and Himalaya Urban and rural areas of Lower and Upper Indus
of Pakistan have high wind pressure because of plains have 8 months of hot and arid climatic
high altitude and less population where wind conditions which are not feasible for the
energy can be developed in the area installation and generation of wind energy
Coastal regions of Pakistan both at Makran and Desert regions of Pakistan like tharparkar, Kharan,
Sindh coast remains under influence of Mari time Mountain ranges of Baluchistan along with parts of
breezes and frequent flow of wind which also western mountains like kirthar range and sulemain
creates conditions for its smooth functioning range observe hot and dry temperature mostly so
generation of wind power is not possible to extent.
EXPECTED QUESTIONS
5. What is wind energy and how it is produced.
6. Describe the benefits and disadvantages of wind energy to Pakistan
7. Discuss the various usages of wind energy in Pakistan
8. Draw and label a windmill
9. To what extent Pakistan can further develop wind energy in the country
Impossibilities
Lack of dams and reservoirs
Economic challenges in Pakistan
EXPECTED QUESTIONS
10. What is hydroelectric power and how it is produced.
11. Describe the benefits and disadvantages of HEP energy to Pakistan
12. Discuss the various usages of HEP energy in Pakistan
13. Write about Distribution of the HEP stations in Pakistan
14. To what extent Pakistan can further develop HEP energy in the country
Potential in Pakistan
Possibilities
Coastal regions of Makran coast like Jewani,Pasni,Ormara
Coastal regions of Lesbella coastline
Coastal regions of Karachi
Impossibilities
Development of sea ports
Development of fishing industry
Financial problems faced by Pakistan
Potential in Pakistan
Possibilities
Pakistan can potentially generate around 15,000 megawatts of power to meet its power challenges
in the areas of Himalayan range and Chagae Mountains in Baluchistan.
Mashkin hot springs, Tatta pani hot springs, Budelas hot springs, Murtazabad hot springs, Koh-e-
Sultan springs
Impossibilities
Lack of governmental interest
Lack of financial resources
Power reliability on nonrenewable power resources
EXPECTED QUESTIONS
15. What is geothermal energy and how it is produced.
16. Describe the benefits and disadvantages of geo thermal energy to Pakistan
17. Discuss the various usages of geothermal energy in Pakistan
18. To what extent Pakistan can further develop geothermal energy in the country
Potential in Pakistan
Possibilities
Rural areas of Punjab especially where livestock is maintained like Gujranwala Sahiwal.
Parts of Sindh KPK and Baluchistan where livestock is kept by the people
Impossibilities
Lack of governmental interest and mostly used in making cheap fertilizers
Development of towns and settlements in rural areas
Limited interest in livestock sector
Impacts
Load shedding
Energy breakdowns
Halt in social and industrial progress
Expensive tariffs
Inflation
Solutions
Focus on development of green energy resources
Upgradation in energy supply system
Strick laws and punishments against power theft
More rely on renewable sources of energy
Education to the masses regarding energy conversation