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csi;f "avhukd? rarhonfom
zGHUûzd;vmcJh? awmifjymncif;
vrif;ESihfûydi?f tvif;qkid v f suf
wpfEkid w f pfauR;? wpfykid af rG;um
wpfaoG;wpfom;? aygif;pktm;aMumifh
vkid Af m;udkjrif? aus;Zl;wifonf
a&vsOrf em;? ESvHk;om;vQif
ESi;f rsm;xufyif? jzLvsut f pOf/ /
17
jc,f o ygOD ;
aiGrkd;&,frS ûzdiûf zdif
ajroif;eYH wpfêudiêf udiEf Sihf
pHy,fvIdiv f Idif zl;NyDaygh
MunfEl;rd tcgcg/
*sK;d *srd ;f *srd hf nH
&Gma,mif[ef rdk;oHay;w,fvmh
jrifjrif&m b0ifat;ygbd
aw;edrw d af wGESihf
at;&dyq f m,m/
rk;d r&Gm
vGeq f GJum rdk;ac:aMumif;&,fygh
a&aumif;vQif ysK;d yifatmifrSmrkYd
yifaxmifawG b,fnm,dr;f umjzifh
jrpdr;f a&mif urÁvmtcif;awGeJY
jrpfwGi;f rSm opfazmifarQmaeMu
,mawmrSm b,frarmEkid b f k
v,fawmrSm v,form;awGvnf;
rdk;Mum;rSmwJhrS Edk;Mum;pGm
êud;pm;&Smawmh tvSawGrqHk;/
aumufpku d pf Gr;f &nf
xGew f Hk;ydwyf GJ tvDvDESihf
wpf&moD oHk;oD;pm;Ekid zf kYd
om;ig; ykpGeaf wGuvnf;
uefa&rSm aysmyf Hkxl;ygbd
MunfEl;zG,f tjzmjzmESihf
a0qmpGm wu,fvSatmifvkYd
(rdk;rif;BuD;a&) --- jc,foygOD;/ /
18
 awmwkd;ajcoH touf&Sncf Jh? ckrd SDww f w
d q d f
awmawmif&yd rf Sm? pdwEf Sihfz0g;
a&mifpHkawmufy? rGe;f usyv f Sonfh wpfom;wnf;us? qE´vkt d if
ûrdUjyrSmae? avmbawGaMumifh awmodkY0ifí? vkv d Qifcl;qGwf
pdeaf &TaiGMum;? ajcoHrsm;onf vGwv f yfcsr;f ajrh? cHkrifarGUpG
cg;oD;jyif;&S? rSe;f q&cuf rarhjrwfEkd;? awmwk;d ajcoH
eHeufrk;d vif;? rk;d csKyf&if;jzifh zefzefMum;csi?f xm0pOfwnf;/ /
xrif;wpfeyf? [if;wpfzwfwGuf
zdeyfyg;rQ? avQmuf&wefwef
ajcoHoGufoGuf
arQmfvifhcsuyf g;? pnf;csurf Sm;cJh/

þonfhajcaxmuf? awmodkYa&mufaomf
0rf;ajrmufaysm&f Ti?f 0ef;usipf rd ;f a0
arG;&yfajrü? ajcoHnifom
auseyfpGmjzifh? onfrSmxaemif;
onfrSmausmif;aygh? acgif;avmif;oHêud
ajcoHcsKv d kYd? yiftkx
d ef;tkyf
qD;yifikwrf S? bkwrf oDa<u;
iSuyf sKad w;wdkY? at;csr;f b0
yluif;vSonf? avmbr&Sd
0rf;pmjynfhrQ? pdw\ f tarm
ajyapaom[k? awmuvlawG
vwfqwfavESihf? aexkid &f yfwnf
19 20
 yH k y rm tm;upm; *kPfa&mif
qE´&ruf? trsK;d zsu&f ef jrom;&,fwJh a&e'D
tBuHESihfcsK;d ? rñdI;&Guuf s wufnDnD avSmcf wf/
usK;d ûywfusvnf;? xaygufwpfzef csuyf kdiyf kid f wufukdix
f m;um
avSmfoGm;rjywf/
ZmwdrmefaMumifh? &Sio f efyGm;wdk;
þwefzkd;onf *sL'dkESihf wku d uf Gr'f kd
trsK;d cspzf kYd yHkyrm/ Akv
d pf GJEkid af &;/
um,&nf ckcHoHk;
za,mif;wpfwkid ?f wpfEkid w
f pfcg; t½HI;ray;/
olUcGet
f m;ESihf? aoG;om;ay;vª abmfvDabm? abmvHk;rl
tvif;,lavmh? MunfjzLpGeYfavmif; tay;t,l rvGw/f
ay;qyfaMumif;vQif? pdwaf umif;&ifxJ wpfpwd f wpf0rf;xJ (wnf;)
tvª&JzkdY yHkyrm/ tNrJ nDñGw/f
<uufom; tpHkpHk
ypfwkid ;f axmiftm;? ,kid af tmifwGe;f ykwf oufvHk aumif;Ekid zf kdY/
b,fvkdvIyv f nf;? wkww f kwrf us a&ull;um aysm&f Tiv
f ef;
OD;rcay? jyefxrwfrwf vrf;avQmufygpkdY/
pdw"f mwfjyif;jyif;? ZGJ&Sjd cif;udk BuHUckid rf S atmifyGJyef/
,Gi;f edrhf½HI;jim;? tm;rmefyGm;í use;f rmzGHUûzd;
êud;pm;MuzkYd yHkyrm/ / vlrsK;d *kPrf Se/f
oefpGr;f rItajccH
wpf,loef pdwrf arG;/
tm;upm; *kPaf &mifjr§ihf
avhusihfraES;/ /
21 22
 yg&rD j znf U b uf ysKdwkdh,mESifh ezl;pm
(AHkBuD;oH)
ausmufwH oifyke;f
0vHk;ausmif;pm? i,fpOfcgu
tdwrf Smxdk;xnfh? ausmif;oGm;cJhonf awmifajcrSm ,mc½dk;
igh&JU vG,t f w
d f teDa&mifuav;/ wJxk;d vkYd taeMum/
t&G,af &mufvm? cspo f lUpmrsm; aerSed rf Sed f a&Tyed n
f if;
onfrSmacgufxnfh? &ifckecf Jhonf aw;csif;oH0g-avh/
rEGJUpwrf;? b0vrf;ü rdk;zGJzGJ aAG0Vm
yef;rarT;MuL? prf;a&ylvnf; ysKUd awm&Gm jrjc,faoG;
xD;jzL zdeyfyg;? ightem;u at;pdrhfprd hf&Gm-avh/
pum;EIwq f w
d ?f ycHk;xdyrf Sm
,mxJrSm ocGm;cif;
,SOfwGJygonf
yg&rDjznfhbuf vG,t f wd u f av;/ bl;cif;eJY rkefvm/
yef;a*:zD qvwfaESmvkYd
wpf&H wpfcg? r[efygí wifharmvSom-avh/
cseu
f mtdrwf Gi?f yGJ0ifrwdk;
vufrItwwfynm
acsmifrSmxk;d rd? tusK;d vdkrS
owd&vnf; 0gzwfum ESD;0g;oyf
olubmrQ rajym&Sm/ ,ufuef;cwf&Sm-avh/

b0rD;tdr?f ae0ifcsed cf k pyg;&,fwJh awmifvkyd Hk/

rSed v
f kpif;pif;? rvif;wpfcsuf ESJyavG tk;d pnf[nf;
vif;wpfcsurf Sm? qufumc&D; wD;uvkYdcke-f avh/
w&m;rSD;pOf? ykwD;wpfuHk; udkomvS r*sr;f bHk
tdww f pfvHk;ESihf MunfhyHkrSm csp&f nfvl;w,f
aemufqHk;wlvSr;f ? edAÁLurf;odkY/ / zl;pmzufqHk-avh/ /
23 24
 aEG a rmf u G e f ;
Ak'¨ylZed,? vjynfhwaygif;
tcgaumif;udk? aomif;uRef;ZrÁL
bdu©LoDv? {w'*FESihf
rmey,fcsK;d ? rdk;aygu©&0ó
at;Nidr;f &onf
csr;f jrjcif;udk ay;ovm; aEG/
aqmif;<uif;aEGOD;? av½l;a0SUcsD
rde&f moDp? waygif;v[k
Owå&b&*kPDÖ? pef;,SOo f nfwnfh
vkrÁed Domarm? tifMuif;awmrSm
jrwfpGmAk'¨? zGm;jrifvwnf;
ompG&*Hk? aq;zufpHkokdY
oJyHkapwD? o&zDESihf
od*Ða&mf&Gu?f zl;ñGeYfxGuuf m
br&m ydwke;f ? 0wf&nfoHk;vsuf
awmvHk;ysHUoif;? wdrjf ymvif;onf
MunfEl;zG,af umif;? vwaygif;/
aumufyJord ;f p? OwkrQvsuf
pdr;f jraeZm? ñGeUf an§mufjzmí
om,mrIaygif;? ñTwcf anmif;onf
25
waygif;omacgif? vrsm;aemif[k
vlYabmiftvS qifwJhaEG/
rmocgaumif;? vwaygif;um;
yef;rsm;yGihfap? &J&ifhaEGukd
OMoêudí? ndKa&T½kd;n§m
aEGo*d Fg\? a&mif0gxGe;f ysH
rsK;d csprf mefjzifh
wrefapvTwv f ku
d o
f vm; aEG/
vjrwfwaygif;? twdwaf [mif;rS
acsmif;ES,pf D;aoG;? eDapG;apG;udk
awG;íjrifu? Budwcf J<uvsuf
jyif;xrmef[ke?f trsK;d *kPt f m;
av;pm;cspjf rwf? oufESi;f tyfum
r&yfrwGeUf ? udk,u f sK;d pGeYfí
0Hhpm;acsrIe;f cJhovm; aEG/
awmifwef;a'o? jynfrwpfavQmuf
xufatmufnmaMu? om;csi;f awGESihf
wpfavSwnf;pD;? wpfc&D;rSm
aoG;pnf;cJhaMumif;? nDñGwaf Mumif;udk
waygif;vufwH? aEGOD;rmefjzifh
awmfvSetf HhcsD;? NcdrhfNcdrhfonf; (oJ) onf
urÜn;f wifxGe;f ? aEGarmfuGe;f wnf;/ /
26
 awm&Gm 0guRwfyGJ axG;cifvnf; olMunfh/
tysKqd kd tydk;uJordkY
jrwfpad EÅ vlUjynfqif;awmh ysKv
d nf;av ûyH;wHkUwHkUESihf
ewfapmif;nif; ûrdiûf rdi/f acgif;iHkUaerd/
rD;jrif;rk&d f ylaZmfyGJrSm
qGr;f tkyef D tar&Guaf wmh
ETJaysmMf uûydi/f
ausmif;xGuzf kYd toifhyif/
arT;eHUom yef;Mumckid f
iSuaf ysmckid f 0ga&TvTr;f
qDrD;wkid f MunfvJhvJh/
xrf;ydkY udk&if/
&Siaf wmfukd aumfa&mfvkYd
½dki;f yif;cspcf if
ylaZmfoeJY/
jzLpifonfhpw d xf m;/
MumrsK;d pHk xHkxHkoif;wJh 'getvª &JygwJh
uRwfoDwif; wl&moD/ wkYdawm&Gm 0guRwfyGJrSmjzifh
ykvJiHk ESi;f rIezf l;u ETJaysmpf nfum;/ /
jrL;0ifh[efcsD/
rD;yHk;rsm; pD&&D
aumif;uifqD arQmfumMunfh/
to0eD a&mifjcnfxGe;f
wifh&Tef;ygbd/

ywfaAxHk 'dk;ywf0kdi;f ESihf

a&SUykdi;f u ukod mcif/
uuGu[ f ef,Of/
rav;udk oljrif
27 28
 vuf\ 'óe
[k[ d mav;vky?f onf[mvkyyf g
vk&d mwm0ef? vufñ§K;d ñTejf y
apckid ;f MuNyD;? vufjyaomcg
cGJcGmtod? EIwq f ufrad y
vmapvkad omf? vuf,yfac:\
r&S[ d efu? vufcgjyonf
odonf[kaqmif? vufñ§Kd ;axmifaygh
cspaf tmif rke;f atmif? aumif;atmif nHhatmif
pGr;f aqmifEkdipf Gm? þvufygyJ
vufrSmowå?d tpGr;f &So d nf
&So
d nfhtpGr;f ? thHrcef;/
29
bk&m;pHkzl;rav rGefXmae
aygif;avmif;awmif ndKUnKd UrIid ;f
wdrv f Idi;f rsm; toG,o f G,/f
usKud x f D;½dk; apwDxl;
arQmfzl;pkUd uG,/f
ppfawmif;tvS &Hjc,f
usKu d x f kde,f pnfayom;/
usKu d af ygavm rJSY&Siaf wmfESihf
apwDawmf auvmoudk
OD;csñTwfwGm;/
awmifpGe;f ESihf ûrdUbD;vif;
/ vrf;cif;u omom,m/
usKu
d x
f D;aqmif; apwDjrwf
oyÜm,fvSpGm/
ausmufqpf twwfynm
ausmufvTmay: wnfxm;/
MumarSmuf? MumvefESihf
ypö,m tqifhqifh
xl;wifhzG,rf sm;/
waygif;yGJ a&Tpm&H/
oxHkrSm yk&ydkuaf cgufESihf
ausmufpm ruse/f
30
,Ofaus;rI tppftrSef qkawmif;jynfh bk&m;u
eH&HrSm vdkPfrkcfrsm;/ ausmMf um;vSpGm/
tXuxm ZmwfxkyEf Sihf &Siaf pmyk wnfchJ&m
tkwcf Gubf k&m;/ ½kyyf Gm;rSm ajcawmfcs/
vufaxmufxkid f wpfqlwnf;rdkY
awmifwufvrf;qDu
thHcsD;zG,yf gh/
apmif;wef;BuD; ûrdio f aemf/
o'¨g[kef MunfnKdpw d f cgoBuFef pOfvmETJ
jroydwf a&TqHawmf/ rk'Hkvnf; 0ifyguG,/f
wydkYwGJv tNrJaemf ½dk;*dk;yGJ ½dk;&mrysuf
yGJawmfeJY ukokv
d af &;/ wpf&ufykdw,f/
w&m;xkid f ykwD;pdyf usKu d ©rD bk&m;zl;r,f
opf&yd uf at;/ a&v,fbk&m;0,f bmqkawmif;/
avSem0g a&jym0ef;eJY yef;yrm vef;umarT;vkYd
bDvl;uRef; at;jrapaMumif;/
acgif;aq;uRef;tvDvD/ rGeXf mae rGew f kYdwkid ;f
usKu d of Hvef r[mjrwfrked Munfhvku d wf kid ;f bk&m;ykxkd;jrif/
½dkusKd;rdonf/ armfa&Tûrdif awmifay:wpfvTm;qDu
oHvGiw f Hwm; [kt d a0;qD oHCmawmf rax&frsm;&JU
OD;cEÅDrSm tûrduw f &m;/ w&m;oHvGif/
uwk;d aumhESwb f k&m; t,lvnf; jzLoefYpif/
yJhcswd Ef SihfoGm;/ toGiv f nf; tpOfat;/
trwm edAÁLeef;qDokdY
xef;yifawG wef;pDaygwJh jrefrMum pdww f ljref;Ekid zf kYd
usKu
d rf a&mûrdU a&mufvkYdvm/ vSr;f cJhyghav;/ /
31 32
 vG r f ; NrKd i f e ef ;
(a'G; csK;d rsK;d -jrif;ay:oH)
a&Ttqif;
avnif;ysHUûcH
ûrdi&f *Hk
pHkuEÅm vGr;f aESmif0ifh
eef;olUarmif azmfwa0;/
waygif;ylyHk
ul½Hkn§i;f cJh
yef;oif;xHkaomcg
omyHkukd jyefumcsihfvkYd
cGe;f qifhr,fav;/ /
33
arwÅ m ed * H k ;
0ef;usiw f pfck?d pdr;f pdr;f pdkum
usD;zdkusD;r? usD;rdbvQif
tke;f yifxyd zf sm;? tke;f vufMum;ü
usD;om;i,farG;? olU&ifaoG;udk
cGHUauR;tpm? 0rf;pm&SmrS
ysHvmaysm&f Ti?f aeYwkid ;f yifwnfh/
xkpd Ofwpf&uf? &yfuGurf D;avmif
tacgiftzsm;? rD;awmufrsm;u
vTm;vTm;ausmaf usm?f ac:vmrMum;
atmfumvTm;í? cspo f m;wGJvGJ
orD;qGJ&if;? &ifxJaoG;yGuf
urÇmysurf Q? ajy;xGuo f lig
rD;vGw&f modkY? onfrSmi&J
rD;aiGUxJu? usD;r usD;zkd
udk,v f Gwrf ½ke;f ? tkeyf ifxufzsm;
olUokduef m;rSm? ysHum0J0J
rcGmbJae? &ifxJ rcsd
wMunfhMunhEf Sihf? rdbarwåm
xif&Sm;ygvS
rD;pul;puf? tke;f vufukdNr§Kd uf
wpfûzduûf zduEf Sihf? usD;odkuxf Ju
34
oem;p&m? wpmpmyif jrefrmrIESifh jrefrmharmif;
ttm ttm? jrnfa<u;&SmMu
crsmrdb? aomuzdpD; NidrhfNidrhf anmif;anmif;
b,frD;vGw&f m? rajy;omcJh jrefrmharmif; 'la0a0/
MuifemqufESi;f ? cspjf cif;oufao aus;vufajr e,ftESHU
uHacpGmyJ? ysHaeqJrSm ajcqefUumap/
rD;xJzkwzf kw?f usD;oku
d xf kyEf Sihf ,Ofaus;rI tarG
ûywfuswl,SO?f aoyGJ0ifonf armif;awGu rsm;/
jrif& &ifuGJp&mwnf;/ / ]armif;qkid ;f } toGirf n§Kd ;
vlrsK;d *kPyf Gm;/

a&mifeDvm t½kPw f uf
qGr;f csuzf kYd jyifqif/
ESJAHkoH wl,SOaf vmif;
armif;oHMum;vQif/
]qGr;f awmfBuD; armif;} yif
qGr;f jyifvku
d yf gOD;/
½dk;&mqufcH
,Ofaus;rI rSefvkdY
armif;oH jrefrmh"avhukd
rarhoifhbl;/

wpfcsucf si;f wD;u

pnf;a0;zdkY zdwaf c:NyD/
35 36
aus;vufae vltrsm;
em;vnfMuonf/
vlpkvkYd a&mufvmNyD
ulnDzkdY raES;/
]olBuD;armif;} b,frNiD;
pnf;vHk;vkdYav;/
]r*Fvma&Tarmif;} ESihf
]atmifarmif;} vnf; rarhuse/f
pOftvm ,SOu f mrSD;
wD;½k;d &m[ef/
jrefrmrI tajccH
armif;oHrSm tajzn§/d
armif;trnf wyftyf
ajymwwfygbd/ / owåad jymif0if;? "m;wpfpif;wnfh/
37
&J a &mif a jymif 0 if ;
rD;zkad csmif"m;? [if;oD;rsm;ESihf
om;ig;ckwpf Of;? xif;cGJaygif;Ekwf
b,ftvkyMf unfh? "m;&Srd Syif
toHk;xifxif? tvkyw f Gi\f
"m;wGio f wå?d tm;tjynfh/
{nfhcef;aqmifxm;? tbk;d "m;onf
0Hhpm;ckwûf zd? e,fcsJUukdcGi;f
tjywf&Si;f cJh? ppfwGi;f rSm ]tm;}
&ifrS ]om;} [k? toGm;vufvuf
"m;xufxufjzifh? rsK;d qufowd
Edk;Mum;odzkYd
ig\b0? rkqk;d rum;
tm;ri,fyg? "m;xufpGmodkY
ighrSmarG;xm;? ]om;} onf ]tm;} [k
om;vnf;wpfzuf? "m;wpfvufjzifh
pGr;f xufrwGeYf? &ifqkid 0f HhNyD
r&GHU&Guaf qmif? arhom;armifESihf
&Ja&mifajymif0if;? tm;&Sjd cif;/ /
38
 tavmif ; rif ; w&m;
tavmif;rif;w&m; &JaoG;azmf
tpaomf ajcmufusyd /f
vlolpk½Hk;
pnf;vHk;atmif[dwf/
rkqk;d bdk xef;vHk;wyf
0dki;f ywfum&H/
rGepf pfol ]wvyef;}
urf;opömESH/
]*kPt Ö ed }f vnf; opömcH
&efolawG jym;jym;arSmuf/
aoewf? vSH? "m;
vm; vm; raMumuf/
tavmif;bk&m; ueufA[kd
qufcko d l trsm;/
0efausol BuD;jrifhzkYd
csD;jr§ihaf jr§mufpm;/
a&Tcsuo
f kd apwD
a&TapwDBuD;/
bk&m; &wemESihf
w&m; &wemESihf
39
omoem tusihfrwdr;f atmif
xde;f odr;f 0denf;/
oefvsiu f kd 0ef;&HqD;
ûrdUjypnf; tn§yef m/
oHrPd pdw"f mwfrsm;
tm;uszG,&f m/
e,fcsJUrsm; qkwcf Gm
A&if*sD&GmoGm;/
ta&;BuD;
aoG;pnf;wum;/
acsmif;ajrmif;rsm;q,f
a&oG,v f kYdazmuf/
v,fvkyo f l v,ftvkyEf Sihf
,mvkyo f l ,mtvkyEf Sihf
yJEkwu
f m qefqD&
usDusrsm;aqmuf/
OD;BuD;? &efatmifAv
vuf0JokE´& tausmt f armf/
pmuAsm vuFmtcsK;d
[k;d [k;d ausmaf usm/f
ppfcsDysKUd ppfaoG;azmf
40
ppfaoG;ausmf armfuGe;f rsm;/ raeY ,aeY reufjzef
rEkus,f "r®owf
a&;odrSwyf Gm;/ xkcd &D;onf
eD;rSe;f vnf;od? roGm;rd/
rif;aumif;wkYd *kPt f *Fg
b,fcgrS rarhtyf/ xkdtvkyfonf
udk,hftrsK;d udk,hfbmomESihf [kwrf Se;f vnf;od? rvkyrf /d
udk,hfpmay *kPaf us;Zl;udk
azmfusL;rjywf/ / xdkpum;onf
rSm;rSe;f vnf;od? ajymvku
d rf /d

xdkwpfOD;wGif
aus;Zl;vnf;&S?d rqyfr/d

ightêuduo f m
igvkud if gvk?d igêudqkcd Jh
rcsKv
d Qifcg;? aeapvm;uGm
Mumaomfrw d yf su?f &wufayGum
trSD&Smawmh? bmrQrawGU
b,fvkad rGUtHh
raeYu'ku©
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aemufaeYqkd aomu
ylavmifvSpGm
b0½kyq f kd; tusn;f wefNyD/ /
41 42
 acwf c grD
(AHkaxmufoH)
oBuFecf g vwefcl;
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vufrIrS pufrIazmfonf
rysu½f Iaemf BuD;yGm;apaMumif;/
ckacwfcg wdkYvkytf m;
xkwrf <um; ,aeYjrif/
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vufawGYyif pOfêud;pm;/
nDñGwrf S ab;bsr;f uGmrnf
at;csr;f um wk;d wufapom;/ /
43
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ESpo
f ufjrwfEkd;? yef;wifxkd;zkYd/
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rdku&f mrus? zifhaES;rSvQif
aemifwZmwfvrf;? rwrf;wzkYd/
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opömpnf;½dk;? vHkatmifxk;d rS
½dk;ajrvufwGJ? ckid cf kdiNf rJzkYd/
ESpcf gracguf? wHcg;aygufu
a&mufvmcGihfa&;? arT;atmifzefwD;
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carmufygu? vHkygavom;
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ZGww f k;d í0if? qufvSr;f csio
f nf
a&mifeDvmvkYd? yef;oif;vkYd/ /
44
NcHpnf;½dk; Muufqlyif pmqkdESpfOD;\ aus;vufuAsm

NcHpnf;½k;d Muufqlyif/ aumufoif;&eHY? oif;ysHUysHUESihf

rsK;d udki;f rsK;d aph ajrrSmcs pmcefYayrGe?f ûrdUukdvGev
f suf
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oem;pmem? u½kPmjzifh
ESp&f Snof D;ESH pmqdk ]OD;aqmif;}? ]OD;BuD;} avmif;um
0ifaiGykdvQHvsuf usK;d aMumif;zGJUoD? pmyef;csDvQif
tajcjref taecefYcsiaf wmh MunfnKd jrwfav;? ESvHk;at;cJh/
us,jf yefYpGm MuufqlrjywfygrS
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ajrqDvTm xde;f jyefoeJY ]vufyHaumuf} 0,f
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pGr;f tif&JUwefzkd;/ usKud mrGaysmif;? qefrmajymif;udk
aumif;Nrderf sKcd s? pm;aomufMuonf
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jzpfxGe;f atmif tpOfa&S;½I
jynfolUtusK;d / / ivl;ao;rQif? aMu;roifbJ
qDvQifr[kw?f a&vHkûywfukd
tifukyxf lrSm? ZGe;f rygacs
Avmjcpf,l? ]udkawmifol} [k
45 46
rl,mqpfjzm? yHkazmfygaomf
pmemaxmufxm;? awmom;b0
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d Ef GHNid
trSm;jynfhaom? ]ayg&domvrf;}
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avSêuHpkeq f if;? atmufjynfcsO;f rnf
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47
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ppfpvDiSu?f a&Muuf? armufwif
cspMf uifrqHk;? rdk;xpfcsKef;aomf
]ûyH;rdw,f} awG;? OD;BuD;a&;cJh/
OD;aqmif;, OD;BuD; toD;oD;\
tHhcsD;azmfñTe;f ? uAsmuRef;vQif
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uGi;f uGi;f jrifvm? pmemygrd
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yl;,Suyf 'Hk? MumvufpHkjzifh
*kPw f ifav;pm;? MunfnKd yGm;onf
cHpm;xyfwl ESvHk;om;rsm;/ /
48
 tvS n f U t ajymif ; uH [ l o nf
tnmzGm;ayr,fh uHaumif;aeonf? uHjrifhonf[k
atmufom;ESihf zl;pmygawmh ,HkMunfvufcH? uH,Hktm;udk;
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vrf;aysmufygvdrhf? uHomtrd
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atmufurf;u &Gmom,m ZGJpGr;f tm;xkw?f tvkyv f kyrf S
aysmpf &m tvGeaf umif;ygbd tvky[ f lonf uHomrnf\
pkaygif; &Siûf yyGJawGeJY wnfNidr&f ifhusu?f cH,lcsujf zifh
bk&m;yGJ aomifjyifaps;wef;BuD;uvnf; xufjrufEk;d Mum;? oifêud;pm;vQif
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d yf gawmh/ /
a&Tnmol olaX;orD;
aoG;rBuD; oabmaumif;um
apwem a0jzmvdkY
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raemrSm w&Ti&f TiEf Sihf
oHa,mZOf rjywfEkdio f nfh
&yftnm Xmaea[mif;qDokdY
ajymif;&jyefyaum/ /
49 50
a&ausmf a&eufuGif; wmaygifrSm oD;yifazG;
arG;jrLa&;jzm/
tdrrf Jç yef;waemf a&eufuGi;f a'orSm
usKHaysmçf anmifwke;f / atmifjrifpGm bufpHkûzd;/
a&jyifç ajrjyif[nf; vkytf m;oef ÓPftvS&,f
enf;azmfvkdYoHk;/ pHjytusK;d / /
ausmufwHcg;ç oeyfyif
tuGuq f ifpkduyf sK;d /
a&ausmu f Gi;f pepfopf
oD;jzpfxGuw f kd;/
ajr½dki;f udkvSef
zefwwfvQif a&Txky/f
a&SmufoHy&m wmywfvrf;
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ckwNf yD;aomf pyg;ysK;d /
a&T0gxGe;f ç raemf[&DvS
,dr;f u ac:EI;d /
ig;acgif;yGç ig;jrpfjcif;
ig;Muif;ESihf ykpGeyf g/

51 52
aus;Zl;wHkhqyf rarhtyf *g&0ç ed0gw? rdESihfzudk
OD;cscgcg? onf;cHumjzifh
ok0PÖomr? vdr®mvSay rsuEf SmrEGr;f ? &Tiaf ysmv
f ef;atmif
zcif rdcif? rsurf jriftm; êud;yrf;wHkYqyf? rarhtyfonf
cspMf uifxHeD;? vkyaf uR;NyD;vQif rjywf½kdusK;d ? vlYwefzkd;wnf;/ /
0wfBuD;0wfi,f? toG,o f G,uf kd
a&Smifz,frûy? ydkuaf xG; ûypk
*½kpkdurf aES;? OD;pm;ay;onf
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uyfckdr&S?d aus;Zl;odcJh/
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OD;xm;a&SUwif? rûidjiifí
zcifusepf pf? yDwjd zpfum
tcspEf Si;f tyf? vGeaf useyfcJh/
z0g;vufESpv f Hk;? ycHk;vufESpo
f pf
vljzpfatmifarG;? &SmazGauR;onfh
aus;Zl;jrif;rdk&?f qxufykdum
tdrt
f ku
d sm;axmuf? apmifha&Smufrp

53 54
tvif ; jypmMunf U w d k u f ordki;f t&Snf wnfygap[k
trS w f w &yG J arwåma& zse;f yufpkdYav;/ /
(aw;xyf)
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d f
tvdr®m pmrSm&Sw d Jh ESpEf pS jf ynfh trSww
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quJzkdY wk;d jr§ihfaqmif/
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rñI;d atmifom tcgvSpo f rkYd
pmcspw f kdY qHkcJhay
rkwårajr/

55 56
 udk;c½dkif pdrf;pdk
tnmwpfcGif
wdrpf ifjyma&;? vGr;f [efaoG;ESihf
aw;iSurf êud? avrcsKcd Jh
yifysKrd ayg? tjrifarmpG
taMumudkoif? trQifukdypf
tqpfukdcsK;d ? ½dk;n§mqdwzf Jh
t&dyrf Jhuif;? ñI;d ajcmufjcif;aMumifh
yljyif;aomu? a&&Sm;vSí
a0;pGwpf&Gm? vSn;f rsm;&Smvsuf
a&&SmxGuaf y? tnmajr\
aiGukdrvdk? a&omvdkonfh
vdktifqE´? a&S;cgu/
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tvSLo'¨g? &ufa&mpGmjzifh
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jznfhwif;pdw0f rf;? csr;f ajrUvef;um
a&zse;f a&iif? jrpfa&wifMu
opfyifxlayg? awmifwpfaMumrS
57
opfawmrckw?f opfikwrf ûr§u d f
xif;rqdkuo f ifh? p½dkurf Murf;
opf&yd v f Tr;f rS? oufwrf;&SnMf um
þvlY&Gmonf? &GmoGe;f ûzdiûf zdif
aiGrk;d vIid v
f rd hf? wpfEkid o
f pfyif
aus;Zl;&Si[ f k? opfyifjcH&H
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f l
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cspjf rwfEkd;í? udk;c½dkipf rd ;f pdk
jr&dyñ f kdu? aw;qdkaus;iSuf
ysHumwufpOf? jzefYMuufaqmfaoG;
avcsKad t;ESihf? arGT;aomtnm
wrmpDwef;? xaemif;vrf;ESihf
pcef;jzmvkYd? vrf;omvdkY/ /
58
wdkhjynfwdkhvrf; wdkhatmifyef;
(wsmcsi;f )
oHvGiçf csi;f wGi;f ? jrpfrif;{&m0wD
ppfawmif;ESihf *sKid ;f ? rqdki;f upäye'D
'k|0wD? pHknDpD;qif;
arwåmESi;f ûydi?f cspjf cif;cdkif
onf;qdkifESvHk;om;]cif;}onfESifhav;/
e,fcsJUukd&Si;f ? csi;f awmifwef;oufao
om;csi;f ]<urfbpd }f ? Zmwdtm;rmefa0
rsK;d csprf kdYav? raoGatmifyef;
oHk;usyd &f JnD? ZGJckid u
f snf
,HkMunfvGwv f yf]yef;}&,fESihfav;/
jynfrawmifwef;? êud;yrf;vGwv f yfNyD
ajrmfjriftbufbuf? aus;vufe,fpyfqD
Ekid if hH*kP&f nf? acwfrDzGHUûzd;
trsK;d bmom? omoem
umuG,af pmifha&Smuf]rñdI;}apzdkYygav;/
atmifyef;ç [J[kd;? &Sr;f ½dk;rç iyvD
tif;av;ç ykyÜm;? oGm;pdkYusKu d ©rD
59
usKu
d x
f D;½dk;qD? OD;csDñTwfc
rif;uGe;f acgif;avmif;rSm? tHhzG,jf zm
urÇmwnfatmifajym ]jy}onfESihfav;/
tausmaf ';,s? yk*HtvSaemf
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ppfukdi;f acsmifarmf? awmifay:bk&m;
uarÁmZom'D? awG;q&nf
onfqDMuiSef;]tm;}rmefwnfhav;/
pdkuyf sK;d pGr;f tm;? xGe;f um;pufrIay
wDxGiMf uHq? wuf<ujrefrmawG
bdk;ab;tarG? tae½dk;om;
xdyg;vmaomf? aMumufbl;aemf
armfum 0ifh0ifh]<um;}onfESihfav;/
wlnDpw d x f m;? aoG;om;cspMf uif
wdkYjynfwkdYcsp?f jynfopfxlaxmifpOf
bufpHktoGi?f rsujf rifopfqef;
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jzma0tvS]vTrf;}onfESifhav;/
udk,hfajrudk,hfyef;? &*Hkeef;? vQrf;pGmarmufzkYd wm0efyif/
wdkYjynf wdkYvrf;? wdkYatmifyef;? vSrf;umavQmufpdkY
xm0pOf/ /
60
xm0pOf yDwd wul ul; ul

igu ay;[k awmifpG,½f kd;qDu

awG;&if; arQmfukd;? jyef&Edk;ESihf/ csK;d uav; wulul;ul/
igu auR;[k Nidr;f csr;f vSol/
awG;&if;arQmfukd;? jyefauR;Edk;ESihf/ rke;f rsurf ul
wpfqkyw f pfBuJ? wpfcJwpfzJh tzsut f yl r&S/d
tvSnhfrvm? r&Sw d mxuf rke;f rsurf mef a'goa0;vkYd
rodwmcuf? pdwyf surf csd oHpOf wat;at;ESihf
aomujynfhvQif? ql;Nid arSmufvJ aw;qdkae\/ /
udk,u f sK;d enf;csrd hf? tNrJtyl
yGuyf Guq f lum? rjzLpGe;f xif;
arQmfvifhjcif;tm;? tvsO;f ydki;f jzwf
Muufajccwfí? ûytyftrSef
t&if;cHvsu?f jyef&vdkrI
wpfckrawG;? ukokdvaf &;[k
awG;qcgcg? yDwjd zmaomf
0rf;omMunfEl;xm0pOf/ /

61 62
jrm;wpfpif;\ tiftm; td k ; a&mif ; w,f c if
olonfighudk [dka&S;u r*Fvmaqmif
rvdkrke;f yGm;? Mum;pum;aMumifh cef;0ifatmif vufzGJUMu/
trSm;udkrSe?f rSeu f kdtrSm; &m0iftkd; b,fESvHk;
qdk;&Gm;wHkYwif? &efaxmifpOfü xHk;"avh tvS/
cifrifa&SUquf? rdwrf ysuv f kd
yifukdEIwpf J? pum;enf;í a&arsmxif; rD;nDnD
&efyGJrxef? olvSnhfjyefonf pDygvSnhf raES;/
onf;cHpw d rf sm; igh&ifrSm/ vkytf m;awG udk,pf Djy
pOfhvSzkdYav;/
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wpfpjznfaomf? ajzajyavQmus tk;d aumif;zdkY qGum/
wif;r&odkY? a'gocsKyfxed ;f a&tk;d pOfhtkd;
&efrD;Nidr;f um? cyford ;f jrL&Si;f zsO;f tdk; jzmjzm/
onf;cHjcif;jzifh? cspjf cif;jrm;wH rauG; jrovGef pHkpGm
wnfhwnfhrSeu f ? emvefrxl 0rf;pmta&;rdkY b,frarm/
&efola&Smif&Sm;? tvif;rsm;onfh Budr0f g;'vufawGeJY
wHcg;xGuaf yguf? csucf si;f a&mufum xufMuyfruGm vlygvku d v
f kdY
vGwaf jrmufayghyg;? pGr;f yum;ESihf d Asm acgifrcdkuyf gbk
aps;csKo
tm;jzpfapaom jrm;wpfpif;/ / azmifwkduv f kdYarQm/
63 64
bk&m;yGJ ZmwfyGJ uAsmodkh wdkifwnfrdjcif;
ewfyGJvnf; pHkpGm0if/
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tdk;a&mif;w,fcif/ vlrke;f oGm;atmif rvkycf Jhyg/
tbdk;&JU vkyif ef;cGif
taz&JU vkyif ef;cGif arSmufrSm;azmufjyef? taumufÓPfESihf
uRrf;usiaf tmif toufarG;/ tMuH,kwo f l r[kwyf g/
oDwif;uRwf waygif;&,fygh twdkYaxmifrsm;? uke;f pum;jzifh
êud;pm;um tk;d a&mif;vdkY &efyGm;&atmif rajymrdyg/
wlaygif;zdkYawG;/ / EIwaf pmifhpnf;um
&Sw
d mav;0wf? &wmav;pm;
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xm;odu©mjzifh? ojymrvTr;f
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½dk;om;pmoif? touf&Sicf Jh
wkeif ifwHkYaES;? r&Sad o;vnf;
aemifa&;awG;yl? aomuxlvS
ighb0udk? apmifr cGet f m;
ay;oem;yg-tdkuAsm/ /

65 66
wdkh&ifxJu jrwfq&m
(aw;xyf)
Mu,fuav;awG xGe;f awmufzkdY
tmaygufatmifoif&Sm
tmp&d, jrwfq&mvQif
apwem ydkNrJ/
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MunfEl;pGm yDwu d J/
tdk;xde;f &Sif Adokum
vSygaptNrJ/
qljyefvQif txifrvGJeJY
tm;cJvkdYoifum/
owdûyp&m tcsurf sm;
rrSm;atmif&Si;f jyjyef&m/
wdus csed rf Sepf Gm&,f
oifcef;pm em;pGJapzdkY
[movnf; ajymwwfjyefay
uG,v f GeNf yD;yap/
rdkd;jrifhMu,f wynfhawGrSmawmh
rarhay oufqHk;wdkiaf v;/ /
67
yef;ESifh vl
ydawmuf&eHY? oif;ysHUysHUESihf
MuHhMuHhpkd&TJ? oBuFeyf GJukd
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f GJyg0if? ½dk;&mcifí
qifETJzkdYrsm;? a&mufvmvm;ar/
pHy,fvIid v f Iid ?f rk;d ûzdiûf zdiüf
êudiêf udiaf 0a0? tarmajyatmif
apwemxm;? arT;apvm;ar/
oZifjzLjzL? &eHYMuLí
av,l&mEGJU? woGJUoGJUESihf
,dr;f EGJU[ef,Of? yef;awmf0ifrkdY
cspcf ifapMu? vSaevm;ar/
aEGrSmydawmuf? rdk;a&mufpHy,f
aqmif;0,fESi;f jr? oZifvSwkYd
avmuudkcif? tvSqifí
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auspGmxrf;,l? wdkYrSmrlum;
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f kd,jf rif? udk,hftyif[k
&Sio
f efarT;jr? udk,hfjynfvSatmif
ADZ vlYtod &So d ifhwum;/ /
68
 &S i f o ef r I
omawmhrnf-&Gmawmhrnf/
qnfarmufum v,fa&aomufEkdizf kdY
aumufoD;ESH vQrf;atmifuG,hf
zse;f yghcgrD/
rdk;udkrDS
awmonfvnf; ryg;/
rdk;vdkwl rdk;vdkusihf
ûzd;wifhapom;/
a[mawmhav-ajymawmhav/
cifav;i,f tpOfawG;uG,f
,Ofaus;zG,f jrefrmh"avhukd
rarhoifhay/
tajymtqkd odraf rGUap
taetxdkiv f nf; b,fr,dr;f /
t½k;d ay: t&Gurf zHk;&atmif
oufvHk; xde;f odr;f /
Mum;&atmif-oGm;&atmif/
ema&;qdk raES;x
69
az;rulaqmif/
r&Sad ,mif roda,mif
arhaea,mif a&SmifrvTJ/
udk,hftvSnhf rMumvS
êuH&rSmyJ/
vSr;f awmhaemf-avQmufawmhaemf/
b0vrf; b,fvkdcuf
ETJquf&Tiaf ysm/f
taMumif;,SOf taumif;jrifygu
ta[mif;yif opfvGiEf kid af wmh
jzLpifwJh pdwx f m;aomf
tazmfqkd toifh/
twå y&&,fESihf
rQwpGm &Sio f efrS
b0'Pf cHEkdipf Gr;f ygiJh
b,fvrf; b,fxD; aqmif;r,fvkdY
jyefajymif; csihfcsed yf grS
b0tdrf vQrf;yyESihf
csr;f jrjrwifh/ /
70
xl;onfUtdyfruf yef;wpfcuf wdkYatmifyGJwnfh? atmifyGJoDusL;
rjrifzl;aom? xl;onfhtyd rf uf
,cifuaemf yef;wpfcufukd? rysurf ñdI;
armfvûrdiçf rkwår? [dkrSonfrS tzsuq f k;d rS? wk;d cspu
f G,u
f m
eD;vSa0;uGm? c&D;MumcJh/ apmifha&SmufygtHh? &ifrSmpHkruf
onfyef;cufaMumifh
,cifuqdk? aomuydkpG
ESi;f qufavnif;? yef;owif;vQif
avSukdtm;udk;? 0Juqdk;jyef
oif;jrap&nf? urÇmwnfwkdi/f /
rdk;arSmifavaESmuf? orÁeaf rSmufcJh/
a[m-,ckrsujf rif (2006 ckEpS ?f {Nyv
D ? jrefrmESpq
f ef;wpf&ufaeY? armfvûrid b
f w
l mESihf
]oHvGiw f Hwm;}? tdyrf ufrsm;r[kwf oHvGiwf Hwm; (armfvûrdi)f &xm;wHwm;zGihfyGJtcrf;tem;odkY
trSwwf &)
tvkyo f ufao? xif&Sm;aeNyD
ajrmufajrçawmifzsm;? c&D;oGm;Edkif
&xm;çum;vrf;? oG,w f ef;xdkxkd
ylwmtkçd aumhaomif;? ukeo f G,af Mumif;ESihf
aygif;pnf;cspMf unf? wGJ,Sun f Dvsuf
jrefjynfzGHUûzd;? udk,hftm;udk;onfh
trsK;d csppf w
d ?f jynfcsppf wd af Mumifh
twdwu f kdawG;? tm;udkarG;í
a&S;tcufcJrsm;? aomursm;udk
ausmv f Tm;atmifjrif? xifxif&J&J
71 72
 jruef o m ed , mr
[dkwke;f u jruefom
yef;a&TMum iSucf sKjd r/ avmb a'go
usepf pfrif; OD;aqmifrI arm[ rmefxuf? vS*kPw f ufí
om"kac:Mu/ wpf&ufukdarh? xko d nfhaeYum;
yk*Hol yk*Hom; wpfauGUauGUqD;? a&GUa&GUeD;pOf
vkytf m;udk t&if;wnf/ eD;rSe;f rod? a0;aebdokdY
wk&ifawmif a&vsOaf t; owdroef;? b0vrf;0,f
ajy;0ifvSnfhvnf/ xdev f Qrf;*kP0f g? pdeaf &Tjzmvnf;
pnf;vHk;jcif; yHk&yd yf ef;csD aocgbmrQ? rygMurkYd
nDnmonfh yk*Haw;/ 'ku©opöm? w&m;&SmrS
uefaygif½kd; rdkrkdarmuf ajzomtvTHU? &ifqkdi0f Hhrnf
awmufawmufusacR;/ wGeYfqkwb f ,fcg? ra&Smifombl;
anmifçwrmçxaemif;ç&Sm;ESihf 'g[m tedpöw&m; ed,mr/ /
atmf&D&Sm;çukuúKd yif/
rJZvDç,if;rmpGuv f kYd
o&ufpHkvif/
wk&ifawmif pdr;f pdkvGif
jropfyif aMumhaMumh/
aiGrkd; ûzdiûf zdi&f GmygrS
jruefa& vIid v f Iid &f vdkY
vSEkid rf Smaygh/ /
73 74
onfjynf onfajr onfjynf onfajr
onfav onfa& onfavESihf onfa&[m
jrefrm&Jh tonf;ESvHk;/
c&D;wpfcg tonf;udk vmvdkYqGvQifawmh
xD;ygygrS/ iHkYrcH jyefumcsr,fvkYd
yef;a&mifpHk b,fvkdarT; rmefjy [ke;f [ke;f / /
a&G;wwfyg&/
onfjynfrSmae
onfajrrSmarG;/
jrefrmh[ef jrefrmhtvS
csKjd raEG;axG;/
onfav½ªae
onfa&udkaomuf/
rypfcGm arwåmESihf
opömrazmuf/
onfyef;yef onfc&D;
onfxD;ESihf oifhawmfpGm/
pnf;½dk;udk vHkatmifxkd;
olck;d rvm/

75 76
ausmufqnfe,frS qiftu
oDwif;uRwfv? or,0,f
qiftvS ,OfpG? <u<uckecf kef
0wf½HkzJykd;? abmfMu,fxkd;um
'dk;ywfAHkoH? aAxHknHvsuf
edAÁmeful;wdkY? aqmifykdYa&SarSmuf
vSLcHa&mufonf
ausmufqnfe,frS qiftu/
rkeb
f k ESmarmif;? OD;uif;aumif;um
armif;armif;vTm;vTm;? q'´ev f m;odkY
&efrsm;ûzdatmif? OD;pGe;f axmifí
qifajymifem*de?f 0&ZdeEf Sihf
a'0dejf rwfav;? wdrpf Geaf jy;onfh
a&S;qifarmfuGe;f ? rsu0f ef;awmifñkd
tmeDpkdum? nDnmz0g;
acGwifyg;jyif? ajcom;NrD;qH
MueftifjynfhpHk? aAxHkAHkaAh
wa0SYa0SYESihf? qifa&GU,Ofom
r*Fvmtcg/
77
qifu[efa&;? jrifolai;um
aw;csi;f AHkaxmuf? oHqHk;a&mufaomf
qifawmfajy;vTm;? Munfholrsm;vnf;
a[;vm;0g;vm;? aysmaf ysmyf g;ESihf
em;0tD&TJ? ESJucRJpOf
'dk;vnf;vSrd hfcif;? vif;uGi;f vufckyf
usm;qkwu f sm;wuf? usm;uGuo f kdi;f eif;
a&Smif&if;wdr;f c? qifvJus[ef
MobmoHanmif;? wajzmif;ajzmif;jzifh
caygif;vl&Si?f [mo&Tiaf tmif
qifxJvl0if? qif,Ofqifu
jrL;<u<urSm? e * ¢ul;wdkY
edAÁmefykdY[k? olYûrdU olYae
"avhayrkYd? a&S;arGqifa&;
azmfxkwaf y;&if;? raES;arwåm
apwemwdkY? jzma0vQHarmuf
o'¨gaygufonf
ausmufqnfe,frS? qiftuwnf;/ /
78
 wd k h w d k i f ; jynf vrf;wHwm;rsm;? uGe&f ufyGm;
(umcsi;f ) oGm;vmvG,fulw,f-vG,fulw,f/
trsK;d bmom? omoem
a&TjynfaiGjynf? wkYdjynfavm? wdkYjynfavm umuG,af pmifhxed ;f w,f-apmifhxed ;f w,f/
[kww f nf; azmfoif; azmfoif;
aovQifvnf;ul? wm0ef,l
[kww f nf; aqG&if; aqG&if;
ulnDpmemw,f-pmemw,f/
[kww f nf; aoG;csi;f aoG;csi;f
jrefrmwdkYjynf? a&TjynfaiGjynf/ pnf;vHk;½dki;f yif;? nDñGwjf cif;
cspjf cif;ckid Nf rJw,f-ckid Nf rJw,f/
o,HZmw? ayg<u,f0
jrefrmhXmeD0,f-XmeD0,f/ onfvkdpw d x
f m;? b,fqDoGm;
&Srd sm;r&Sw
d ,f-r&Swd ,f/
qdkua&;wD;? pOfvmrSD;
enf;rSeq
f ifhurf;w,f-qifhurf;w,f/ a&Tjynfavm? aiGjynfavm? wdkYjynfavm/ /

qnfajrmif;wrH? a&avSmifuef
pDrHjzefYMuufw,f-jzefYMuufw,f/
a&eufuGi;f tpm;? v,f,mrsm;
jrifhrm;oD;ESH<u,f-oD;ESH<u,f/
bde;f tpm;xdk;? yef;*sKHrsK;d
pdkuyf sK;d jzpfxGe;f w,f-jzpfxGe;f w,f/
79 80
cgumbdk&mZD oufaownf
ESi;f y0gESihf? cgumbdk&mZD
oufaownfcJh? aejcnf&Te;f jr
yef;opfcGwkdY? vSya0qm
vGeo f m,mvsu?f &Gmol&Gmom;
vm;\tul? 0efaqmif,lí
at;wlylrQ? aexkid Mf ucJh/
½dk;&mqifETJ? raemyGJ0,f
vufwGJwlaysm?f aoG;csi;f azmfESihf
awmifay:jynfr? qHkawGUMuum
arwåmaESmifpnf;? ydk&if;ESD;cJh/
vufzufcl;yGJ? aumufopfyGJum;
ETJaysmpf Ofvm? wpfbmomwnfh
xkrd SmESi;f awm? rcsr;f abmESihf
avmacgifawmifwef;? a&TvDurf;rSm
vGr;f &wkjzm? ûrdivf Hk;omcJh/
*sed ;f azmhç vDql? &0rf[lom;
awmifol,mvky?f ESr;f yJykyEf Sihf
udki;f ckwrf D;ûrd§u?f trJvku
d u f m
pD;ûyduo f G,o f Ge?f a&wHcGeEf Sihf
81
omvGewf ifha0? ucsijf ynf0,f
arcçrvdc? ½IarmvSpGm
ompG]tif;awmfBuD;}? reD;pcef;
b,fvkv d Sr;f ap? vrf;wHwm;rsm;
azmufvkyx f m;NyD;? c&D;rzifh
teD;oifhxH]qGryf &mbGr}f
uAsmqefpG? ½Iwkdi;f vScJh/
wpfcsed wf ke;f u
]q'Hk;wdkuyf GJ}? owåZd GJESihf
ol&Jaumif;vQif? wkYdcspMf uifpGm
jrefrmrxd? vmr&dESihf
Zmwdykn? *kPrf mersm;
0ifh0ifh<um;onf? ]qrm;cHwyf}&Gy&f Gycf RH/
aoG;csi;f wkYad jr
rsK;d cspaf wGESihf? a0cJhopöm
a<ucJhtonf;? vufwGJrûzwf
aemufrqkwcf Jh? wdkux f kwaf usmu
f sL;
ppfbDvl;udk? wyfOD;ppfjrm;
wzGm;zGm;ESihf? cg;oD;yg0if
atmifyGJqif&m? ESi;f y0gESihf
cgumbk&d mZD? oufaownfcJh/ /
82
v&moDyef; ½dk;&myGJ ]ewfawmf}rSm oZifjr
ewfylaZmfyGJ ½dk;&m<u/
twmul;wJh]wefcl;}cg cGmñdkyef;vS ]jymodk}wGif
yGihfMu ydawmuf0g/ jrif;cif;xGu0f if tm;rmefqif/
twma&pif oGio f Giaf t; aygufvJ,Of,Of ]wydkYwGJ}
oufBuD;0gBuD; acgif;avQmfay;/ ,m*k xreJyGJ/
pum;yef;arT; v]uqke}f o&zDvnf; yGihfvIid af 0
anmifa&oGe;f yGJ wD;ucke/f oJyHkapwD ]waygif;}aEG/
]e,ke}f 0,f pmyavGcif; waygif;av&l; yk&pfzl;
pHy,f&eHY woif;oif;/ OMowGeo f HusL;/
yOÆi;f cHwJh v]0gqdk} vGr;f zG,hfcgaEGOD;/ /
jrwfav;ç yke;f nufñkd/
]0gacgif}qdk cwåmuJ
pma&;wHrJyGJ/
a&T,if;rmvnf; vSaywm
avSûydifyGJu]awmfovif;}rSm/
ig;rnfa&TMum yGihfayMu
jrif;rdk&rf D;yGJ]oDwif;uRwf}v/
]wefaqmifrke;f }u c0J0g
uxdeyf GJESihf vSLo'¨g/

83 84
 twd w f t &d y f ar;olr&S?d Munfholray:
arQmfolrvm? aepdrhfrSmaygh
wpftrd wf pfa,muf? aygufwl;,lcJh pmemrIyGm;? ulnDxm;vQif
awmif;,lcJhav? ajrmif;awGvnf;azmf tvsm;teH? toGm;tjyef
ausmufaumfcsKid hfzkdY? vrf;&Si;f pdkY wHkYjyefnDrQ? vlYb0xJ
vmzdkYac:Mum;? roGm;ay/ aomuZmwf½Iy?f tvGr;f ½kyEf Sihf
EIwq f ufvrf;cGJ? rsu&f nf0Jum
oma&;ema&;? &yfa&;tcif; 0rf;enf;aemufcse?f txD;useo f nfh
owif;ar;um? aiGaumuf&mü tdrjf yefvlom;rsm;pGmyif/ /
tdrrf Smrtm;? qifajcrsm;vsuf
vkyt f m;ay;&m? rygay/
ynmtvif;? &apjcif;iSm
pmMunfhwku d o
f kdY? vIu
d v
f SJykdiyf kdif
vSLEkid yf gvsu?f bmpmtkyrf Q
a0rQay;urf;? rvSL'gef;/
udk,af &;twdwf
udk,hft&dyEf Sihf? pdw"f mwfnHhpGm
vlYcGpmum;? emaomtcg
rrmaomtcg? bmaq;pm;av
b,fvkdaeao;? bmvdkao;[k
85 86
 vG w f v yf y ef ;
yG i f h v ef ; xm0pOf
&mZ0ifr½dki;f ? udk,hfordki;f ESihf
udk,hfwkid ;f udk,hfjynf? tajcwHhwHh
taecHhonfh? *kPfvTHUydkifpdk;
wdkYvlrsK;d \? trsK;d odu©m
xdyg;vmaomf? pOfvmZGJESihf
&JojzifhvQif? wdk;jr§ihfpGr;f aqmif
wkYdjynfaxmifwGu?f tarSmifz,fwrd ;f
&efcyford ;f ESihf? olprd ;f r0if
pnf;½dk;jyifvsu?f êudwifuG,u
apmifha&SmufygrS? xnf0gcHhnm;
trsK;d om;yef;? rnd§K;EGr;f Ekid f
jynfhvQrf;*kPjf 'yf? BuD;jrwfwefzkd;
jrwfEkd;yefqif? cspcf ift0ef;
vGwfvyfyef;vQif
vef;vef;pGihfpGihf? iGm;iGm;wifhzkYd
wdkYwm0efyifjzpfonfwum;/ /
87
arG;&yfajrokdh orifvnfjyef
(OMooHcsKq
d ifh)
arG;&yfajrvGr;f ? jyefumvSr;f
urf;ezl;uG,hf ukepf nf<u,f
vrf;jzL;jzL;eJY om,mw,f/
rD;wdkiv
f if;NyD;? &Gmcsi;f eD;
MuHNyD;wpfouf? rylyifzG,f
jcHpnf;½dk;Muufqlyif oG,o f G,/f
i½kwf z½Hk yef;? ql;ykyv f Tr;f
f m wmief;azG;wJh ysKUd &Gmus,f
,mwef;av;eJY? rcsKUd omw,f/
a&avmif;tdro f m? oefY&Si;f pGm
a&m*gtcsed w
f kdi;f owdqzG,f
awmrSm tdrw f kdi;f &SMd uw,f/
pmMunfhwkdurf Sm? zwfp&m
zwfygrsm;aygh? tqk;d ysujf y,f
rSwu
f mxm;awmh wk;d wufw,f/
88
vSn;f ,mOfESihfoGm;? jcLoHMum;
bk&m;yGJukd aysmpf &m&,f
w&m;yGJqkd ac:yguG,/f
Oykoof Dv? apmifhwnfMu
'getvSLwGif 0ifygr,f
pm*jzLpif cifp&muG,/f
½dk;om;Muum? nDñGwpf Gm
jynf&GmMuLvS uRef;udki;f ES,f
nDnmulr 0ef;0dki;f w,f/ /
89
uAsmq&m
uAsmwpfyk'?f tvky½f Iy&f if;
acgif;ukwn f Ofheuf? tdyaf &;ysuv
f S
oufjyif;wcscs? b0tarm
uAsmawmrSm? ,HkMunfpGmESihf
aoxdyifwnfh? aysm&f Tiw f pfck
ylrItrsm;? EGr;f yg;aewm
0efcHygonf? ]]uAsmqufa&;
olaX;rjzpf? acG;jzpf}}rwJh
uJh&JhavSmifajymif? cyfaMumifaMumif[k
a&Smifz,fvSnhfxGu?f pdwrf ysuyf g
ay;qufcGet f m;? uAsmrsm;aMumifh
vIy&f Sm;oGm;vm? aysmaf pyg\/
igydkio f &m? uAsmypön;f
b,frD;rc? b,fvIid ;f xvdkY
ydk;jcrwk;d ? b,folckd;rQ
cdk;,lvk,uf? rodk0SuEf kdif
&ifxuford ;f qnf;? wefzk;d BuD;onfh
qDrD;wpfrIe;f ? wpfwkdYxHk;jzifh
ESvHk;tdrq f ifh? uAsmyGihfukd
ydkicf Gihf&wm? vlcsr;f omqdk
uAsmq&m? uREkyf yf gyJ/ /
90
vuf u sef c &D ; qE´ukd jznfhEkid pf Gr;f wmu
yifyef;rIqkdonfh ZGJygyJ
yef;udkawmh yefcsif ETJ,SOu
f m tylrxm;
yef;yifukd rpdku/f wloGm;pdkYvm;/ /
vG,w f ul olYjcHusL;um
yGihfrmvm 0wf&nfvl;udk
cl;zdkYrxku
d /f
opfoD;awmh pm;csif
opfyifukd rcsp/f
yifvHk; wvGiv f GiEf Sihf
toD;&Sif 0ifaiGyGm;cgrS
rSm;ygNyD tajzcs
oknppfppf/
vdyEf Sih,
f kef
yHkjyiftvm;/
a&omckd tacsmifêuduv f Qifv
udk,hfxkduEf Sihf udk,hfuH
udk,o f m cH&raygh
vufusef c&D;rSmjzifh
NiD;wGm;p&m rvdkbk
91 92
 cP &Ekdifovm; pdwaf umif;pdwjf rwf? ulnDwwf\
rjywfukokdv?f tvSLydkvsuf
igwdkYEkdiif H MunfñkdAk'¨? tqHk;rESihf
qefa&pyg;? rsm;vnf;rsm;\ pm* ckid u
f sn?f rsK;d *kPx
f nfonfh
rsm;vnf;acRwm? pm;oHk;ygvdkY wdkYjynfvkv
d S? wkYdb0vdk
qufum zGHUûzd;aeawmhonf/ cP b,fol &Ekid o f vJ/ /
igwdkYEkdiif H
o,HZmw? ayg<u,f0\
csed q
f oHk;um? ukex
f kwyf gvdkY
qufum wdk;wufaeawmhonf/
igwdkYEkdiif H
ab;'Pfuif;a0;? rl;,pfa0;vsuf
qufoG,o f Gm;vm? acsmarGUygvkYd
qufum pnfum;aeawmhonf/
igwkYEd kid if H
&efaxmifrtm;? trSm;rvkyf
pdwfrykyfyg? pnf;vHk;ygvkdY
qufum at;csr;f aeawmhonf/
igwdkYEkid if H
awmif,Hjrifharmif;? apwDausmif;ESihf
93 94
 vS w J h a ysmf y G J aeñdkysK;d cif;? a&vQHwGi;f rSm
(tJcsi;f ) a&yef;zGmonf? v,f,m½Icif;rqHk;
jynfvHk;omcJh/
csi;f wGi;f &,frS tPÖ0g a'ocHjynfol? tljrL;jrL;
em0ga&GUa&GU? vGr;f "avhESihf avw[l;[l;ESihf? rl;jrpfukdjrif
arGUarGUu,fxifxif Muif&avom;? jrpfa&wiftm;aMumifh
qifjzL&Siw f Hwm;? aeYcsi;f oGm;Ekid Nf yD; tyifrsm;a&0? vlvnf;a&&vkYd
c&D;rMum? vrf;yef;omonf vSaysmyf GJzGJU/ /
,aeYtnmudkwJhav;/
wrmi,frS arT;arT;
aEG;axG; yckuúL? aeylygpG
ukuúKd vS jrpfa&wif
oefYpifvkyt f m;? *spu
f m;xkwv
f kyf
tm;xkwt f wefwef
o&u©eb f k&m;
&Sirf awmif rvGwo f Gm;
ñTww f Gm;0yfpif;/
v,fuGi;f &,fu tjzmjzm
acsmif;OD;rHk&Gm? um;vrf;omcJh
t&mawmfrS jynfa&Tbkd
95 96
 b0t"d y Ü m ,f

t"dyÜm,f oHk;oyfcGJ
eufeJvS onfykpäm/
b0qdkwm ca,mif;vrf;
jzwfoef;pOfcg/
tcuftcJ êuH&rSm
"r®wm bHk"avh/
vrf;wpfavQmuf yef;raumufEkdivf nf;
rNiD;raMumuf c&D;aygufatmifawmh
avQmuf&r,favh/

avQmufayonfh c&D;vrf;
pnf;urf;cHkrif/
tMuifem arwåmvTr;f
csppf rf;apcsi/f
pmem cGihfvTwv f Qif
0ef;usirf Sm tukev f S/
½dk;om;pGm odu©mxde;f
at;Nidr;f r,fygh/ /

97 98