NUMBER PROBLEMS

NUMBER PROBLEMS
Solve the following problems.
1. Two numbers are in the ratio 3:8 and their sum is
77. What are the numbers?
Solution:
Let 3x = the first number
8x = the second number
Then, 3x + 8x = 77
11x = 77 Thus, the numbers are
x=7 3x = 3(7) = 21
8x = 8(7) = 56
NUMBER PROBLEMS
Solve the following problems.
2. Find three consecutive integers whose sum is 153.
Solution:
Let x = the first integer
x + 1 = the second integer
x + 2 = the third integer
Then, x + x + 1 + x + 2 = 153
Thus, the numbers are
3x + 3 = 153
x = 50
3x = 150
x + 1= 51
x = 50 x + 2= 52
NUMBER PROBLEMS
Solve the following problems.
3. Find four consecutive even integers such that four times
the greatest is 36 more than the sum of the other three.
Solution:
Let x = the first even integer; x + 2 = the second even integer
x + 4 = the third even integer ; x + 6 = the fourth even integer
Then, 4(x + 6) = x + (x + 2) + (x + 4) + 36
4x + 24 = 3x + 42 Thus, the numbers are
x = 18 x = 18 ; x + 4 = 22
x + 2 = 20 ; x + 6 = 24
NUMBER PROBLEMS
Solve the following problems.
4. Find three consecutive integers
whose sum is 90.
5. One number is 3 less than four times
another number. If the second number
is added to 10, the result is 22 more
than the first. Find the numbers.
Let’s Think Together!
Number Relation Problems
Example 1. The sum of two numbers is 58. If one number is 4 more
than the other, find the two numbers.
Solution: Let x be the smaller number
x + 4, the larger number
Then, x + x + 4 = 58
2x = 58 – 4
2x = 54
x = 27, the smaller number
x + 4 = 27 + 4 = 31, the larger number
Let’s Think Together!
Number Relation Problems
Example 2. Find three consecutive even integers whose sum is 138.
Solution: Let x = the first even integer
x + 2 = the second even ineteger
x + 4 = the third even integer
Then, x + x + 2 + x + 4 = 138
3x + 6 = 138
3x = 132
x = 44, the first even integer
x + 2 = 46, the second even ineteger
x + 4 = 48, the third even integer
AGE PROBLEMS
AGE PROBLEMS
 In dealing with age problems, it is important to
keep in mind that the ages of different people
change at the same rate.
 For example, all the people in the given
problem are two years older than they were
two years ago. Four years ago, all the people in
the problem were four years younger.
AGE PROBLEMS
 It is also easier if one makes a table showing
the representation for current ages in the
problem, “future” ages (a number of years from
now) and “past” ages (a number of years ago).
 If possible, represent the youngest
present age by a single letter, then
represent the other ages.
 AGE PROBLEMS
Complete each table by using the given information.
a) Mercy is 5 years younger than Bobet

x x+2
x+5 x+5+2 = x +7
b) Anthony is twice as old as Beth

2x 2x + 4 2x – 3
x x+4 x–3
 AGE PROBLEMS
Solve each problem.
1. Michael is one-fourth as old as his father. Next
year, their ages will total 42 years. How old is each
now? Present Age In One Year
Michael x x+1
Father 4x 4x + 1
Solution:
(x + 1) + (4x + 1) = 42
5x + 2 = 42 Therefore, Michael is
5x = 40 8 years old now and
x=8 his father is 32 years
4x = 4(8) = 32 old.
 AGE PROBLEMS
Solve each problem.
2. The sum of Albert’s age and Jim’s age is 45. Seven
years ago, Albert was 16 years more than one-half as
old as Jim was then. How old is Jim?
Present Age Age 7 yrs ago
Jim x x–7
Albert 45 – x 45 – x – 7 = 38 – x
Solution:
38 – x = ½ (x – 7) + 16 Answer:
76 – 2x = (x – 7) + 32 x = 17, Jim’s age
-3x = -51 45 – x = 28,
x = 17 Albert’s age
 AGE PROBLEMS
Solve each problem.
3. Mrs. Ramos is 28 years old and her son is 4.
When will the mother be twice as old as her son?
Let x be the number of years that the mother will be twice as old
as her son Present Age In x years
Mother 28 28 + x
Son 4 4+x
Solution:
28 + x = 2(4 + x)
28 + x = 8 + 2x Therefore, Mrs. Ramos will be twice
x = 20 as old as her son in 20 years.
 AGE PROBLEMS
Solve each problem.
4. Mrs. Perez is three times as old as her son,
Jaypee. In 12 years, Mrs. Perez will be twice as old
as Jaypee. Find their present ages.
Let x be the age of Jaypee
Present Age In 12 yrs.
Jaypee x x + 12
Mrs. Perez 3x 3x + 12
Solution: Answer:
3x + 12= 2(x + 12) x = 12, Jaypee’s age
3x + 12 = 2x + 24 3x =36, Mrs. Perez’
x = 12 age
WORK PROBLEMS
WORK PROBLEMS
 If we are going to consider a task as one job,
then the rate of doing work can be
represented as:
1
x
where x is the number of time units
required to complete the job.
State the work rate of each.
𝟏
1. Michael can do a job in 7 hours. 𝟕
𝟏
2. A tailor can sew a pair of pants in 3 hours.
𝟑
𝟏
3. Myla can clean the room in 4 hours.
𝟒 𝟏
4. Mrs. Reyes can edit a book in 6 weeks. 𝟔
𝟏
5. Aris can load the truck in 20 minutes.
𝟐𝟎
Strategy for Solving Work Problems
1. If the job is completed in x days, then the rate is
job/day.
2. Construct a table showing rate, time and work
completed (Rate • Time = Work) for each person
or machine.
3. The total work completed is the sum of the
individual amounts of work completed.
4. If the job is completed, then the total work done
is 1 job.
 Strategy for Solving Work Problems
Amount of the
Person work Time at
task completed by = X
rate work
that person

WORK = RATE X TIME

Amount completed Amount completed

by one + by another = Whole
person/machine person/machine Task
WORK PROBLEMS
1. Kim can paint a room in 5 hours and Tony can do
it in 6 hours. What part of the job can they do by
working for (a) 2 hours? (b) x hours?
2
(a) Kim can paint of the room in two hours.
5
2 1
Tony can paint or of the room in two hours.
6 3
Hence, for 2 hours, they can paint
2 1 6+5 𝟏𝟏
+ = = of the room.
5 3 15 𝟏𝟓
WORK PROBLEMS
1. Kim can paint a room in 5 hours and Tony can do
it in 6 hours. What part of the job can they do by
working for (a) 2 hours? (b) x hours?
(b) Part done Part done Part done
by Kim in + by Tony in = by both in
x hours x hours x hours
𝑥 𝑥 6𝑥+5𝑥 11𝑥
5
+
6
= or
30 30
WORK PROBLEMS
2. Troy can tile a room in 4 hours and his brother
can do it in 6 hours. How long would it take them
if they work together?
Let x = number of hours required to do the job together
Rate X Time = Work

Troy 𝟏 𝒙
𝟒
𝒙 𝟒
Brother 𝟏 𝒙
𝟔
𝒙 𝟔
Part of the job Part of the job done
done by Troy + by his brother = Whole job
𝑥 𝑥
4 + 6 = 1
WORK PROBLEMS
2. Troy can tile a room in 4 hours and his brother
can do it in 6 hours. How long would it take them
if they work together?
( )𝑥 𝑥
12 4 + 6 = 1 (12)
3x + 2x = 12
5x = 12
12
x= 5
12
Therefore,Troy and his brother willtake hours to tile
5
the room working together.
WORK PROBLEMS
3. Sheena takes 12 hours to type a report. Her friend helps
her and together they finish the job in 4 hours. How long
would it take her friend if she had worked alone?
Let x = number of hours Sheena’s friend to do job alone
Rate X Time = Work

Sheena 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
𝟏𝟐
𝟒 𝟏𝟐
𝒐𝒓
𝟑
Friend 𝟏 𝟒
𝒙
𝟒 𝒙
Part of the job Part of the job her
Sheena does + friend does = Whole job
1 4
+ = 1
3 𝑥
 WORK PROBLEMS
3. Sheena takes 12 hours to type a report. Her friend helps
her and together they finish the job in 4 hours. How long
would it take her friend if she had worked alone?

( )
1 4
3x 3 + 𝑥 = 1 (3x)
x + 12 = 3x
2x = 12
x=6
Therefore, it would take Sheena’s friend 6 hours to type the
report alone.
WORK PROBLEMS
4. Dante takes 8 hours to paint his room. After working for one
hour, he called a painter to help him. Working together, they
finished the job in 3 more hours. How long would it take the
painter to finish the whole job he had worked alone?
Let x = number of hours the painter would take to do job by himself
Rate X Time = Work

Dante 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏
𝟖
𝟒 𝟖
𝒐𝒓
𝟐
Painter 𝟏 𝟑
𝒙
𝟑 𝒙
Part of the job Part of the job the
Dante does + painter does = Whole job
1 3
+ = 1
2 𝑥
 WORK PROBLEMS
4. Dante takes 8 hours to paint his room. After working for one
hour, he called a painter to help him. Working together, they
finished the job in 3 more hours. How long would it take the
painter to finish the whole job he had worked alone?

( )
1 3
+
2x 2 𝑥 = 1 (2x)
x + 6 = 2x
x=6
Therefore, it would take the painter 6 hours paint the room
by himself.