Introduction

1. Hook sentence (background sentence)

2. Introducing the topic (paraphrase)

3. Thesis statement (your answer)

Body (2 paragraphs)

Paragraph 1:

- 1st Main idea sentence (Point)

- Explanation (E)

- Supporting example (E)

- Result (R)

- 2nd Main idea sentence (P)

- E

- E

- R

PEER/PEE/PER

Paragraph 2: (same)

Conclusion

Summarize your main ideas (without repetition) with the answer (thesis) – Do not
bring in any new ideas

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

1. Introduction
 - Hook (Background sentence)
- Opening sentence
- Thesis statement

Some people contend that the advantages of … … outweigh the disadvantages. I

strongly agree/ disagree and will outline both views in my essay.

2. Body

a. Topic sentence 1

One of the first benefits of such a measure is that….

Explanation 1.1: advantage

Example 1.1: advantage

b. Topic sentence 2

Another benefit would be that …

Explanation 2.1: advantage

Example 2.1: advantage

c. Topic sentence 3

Nevertheless, there are drawbacks to such a solution. First and foremost, …

Explanation 2.1: disadvantage 1

Example 2.1: disadvantage 1

d. Topic sentence 4

Moreover/ In addition/ another matter of concern with …..,

Explanation 2.1: disadvantage 2

Example 2.1: disadvantage 2

3. Conclusion

Summary

In conclusion, the benefits of … outweigh its drawbacks ; however, their

downsides cannot be overlooked.

AGREE or DISAGREE

TYPE 1

1. Introduction

- Hook (Background sentence)

- Introduce the topic by paraphrasing
- Thesis statement

Personally, I am (totally/partly) (not) in agreement with this idea…

2. Body
a. Topic sentence 1

The first reason for this is because ....

Explanation 1.1: If … …

Example 1.1: For example, … …

b. Topic sentence 2

In addition to the reason above, I also believe that … …

Explanation 1.1: If … …

Example 1.1: For example, … …

3. Conclusion

Summary
In conclusion/ to recapitulate, I do (not) believe that ... … because of … …

TYPE 2

1. Introduction

ü Introduce the topic by paraphrasing

ü Thesis statement

To a certain extent I agree that... However, I also think that...

2. Body

a. Topic sentence 1

On the one hand, I would agree that …

Good point 1: In other words, …

Good point 2: For example, …/ For instance, …

Good point 3: If …

b. Topic sentence 2

On the other hand/ Nevertheless, I also think that ....

Bad point 1: First, … It means that …

Bad point 2 : Second, … In particular, …

Bad point 3: Finally, … For example, …

3. Conclusion
Summary

In conclusion/ to recapitulate, while …, I (do not) believe that …

CAUSES

1. Introduction

ü Introduce the topic by paraphrasing

ü Thesis statement

No one can deny that … … This leading tendency is caused by several factors
such as (cause 1) … …, (cause 2) … …, and (cause 3) … … .

2. Body

a. Topic sentence 1

(cause 1)… … is one reason attributable to (topic)… …

Explanation 1.1: cause 1

Example 1.1: cause 1

b. Topic sentence 2

Another contributing factor to mention is that …

Explanation 2.1: cause 2

Example 2.1: cause 2

c. Topic sentence 3

Lastly, one of the causes of (topic) … … is (cause 3) … …

Explanation 2.1: cause 3

Example 2.1: cause 3

3. Conclusion

Summary

In conclusion/ to recapitulate, (paraphrase the topic)… … … … There are

various causes, some of which include (cause 1) … …, (cause 2) … …, and
(cause 3) … … .

CAUSES & SOLUTIONS

1. Introduction

ü Opening sentences

ü Thesis statement

In this essay, two major causes to …will be presented with proper solutions.

2. Body

a. Topic sentence 1

The first cause and measure is regarding ….

Explanation 1.1: cause

Example 1.1: cause

To solve this,…

Explanation 1.2: solution

Example 1.2: solution

b. Topic sentence 2
The second cause and measure is concerning …

Explanation 2.1: cause

Example 2.1: cause

To tackle such important/ macro-scale issue,…

Explanation 2.2: solution

Example 2.2: solution

3. Conclusion

Summary

In conclusion, (topic)… is caused mainly by (causes)... … … … and these can

be solved by (solutions)… … …

Final comment:

It is important that these causes should be carefully examined and suggested

measures be taken promptly.

CAUSES & EFFECTS

1. Introduction

ü Opening sentence

ü Thesis statement

This essay will discuss the main reasons of …(topic) and then describe the
possible effects of the problem.

2. Body

a. Topic sentence 1

In my opinion, the foremost cause of … is …

Explanation 1.1: (cause 1)

Example 1.1: (cause 1)

b. Topic sentence 2

Moreover, the problem is accentuated by …

Explanation 2.1: (cause 2)

Example 2.1: (cause 2)

c. Topic sentence 3

The possible effects of this problem include … and …

Explanation 2.1: First of all, … (effect 1)

Example 2.1: For example, … (effect 1)

Explanation 2.2: Secondly, … (effect 2)

Example 2.2: For example, … (effect 2)

3. Conclusion

Summary

To sum up, (topic)…is mainly caused by … (cause 1) and … (cause 2) and

results in … (effect 1) and … (effect 2)

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE ESSAY

Example: Some universities now offer their courses on the Internet so that people
can study online. Is this a positive or negative development?

Outline:
Paragraph 1 – The Introduction

• Introduce the topic: rewrite the question in your own words using synonyms.

• Outline what you’re going to discuss in the body paragraphs + state your
viewpoint.

Paragragh 2– The Body 1

• Topic sentence 1: negatives

• Explain

• Examples

Paragragh 3– The Body 2

• Topic sentence 2: positives

• Explain

• Examples

Paragraph 4 – The Conclusion

Useful expressions

I/ Introduction

Ø First sentence - It is true that … are becoming a common feature of … (State the
problem/topic)

Ø Second sentence - Although there are some (drawbacks of) …, I would argue
that there are far more (benefits).

Ø Third sentence - This essay will first explain the positive aspects of …such as…
, then outline the its negative sides like …
II/Body

Paragraph 1:

Ø On the one hand, the main drawback of … is that ….

Ø Similarly,…

Ø For example,…

Paragraph 2:

• Despite the negatives mentioned above, I believe that …is/ are a positive
development for various reasons.

• Firstly,…

• Secondly,…

• Finally,…

• For example,…

III/ Conclusion

Ø In conclusion, while I recognize the possible disadvantages of online learning

such as ……, I consider it to be a positive development overall. (ủng hộ mặt tích
cực)

Ø To sum up, although … still has/ have some advantages, I believe that its
drawbacks outweigh those merits. (ủng hộ mặt tiêu cực).