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Anhliiska Mova 11 I Rik Navchannia Riven Standartu Pidruchnyk Dlia 11 Klasu Zzsoburenko V M
Anhliiska Mova 11 I Rik Navchannia Riven Standartu Pidruchnyk Dlia 11 Klasu Zzsoburenko V M
Міністерство освіти і науки України http://mon.gov.ua/ та Інститут модернізації змісту освіти https://imzo.gov.ua
ВАЛЕНТИНА БУРЕНКО
АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА
(11-й рік навчання, рівень стандарту)
11
ПІДРУЧНИК ДЛЯ 11 КЛАСУ
ЗАКЛАДІВ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ СЕРЕДНЬОЇ ОСВІТИ
VALENTYNA BURENKO
ENGLISH
(Year 11, standard level)
A TEXTBOOK FOR THE ELEVENTH FORM OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Рекомендовано
Міністерством освіти і науки України
Харків
Видавництво «Ранок»
2019
Буренко В. М.
Б91 Англійська мова (11-й рік навчання, рівень стандарту) : підруч. для 11 кл. закл.
загал. серед. освіти / Валентина Буренко. — Харків : Вид-во «Ранок», 2019. — 208 с. : іл.
Burenko, Valentyna
English (Year 11, standard level) : a textbook for the eleventh form of secondary schools /
Valentyna Burenko. — Kharkiv: PH «Ranok», 2019. — 208 p. : ill.
ISBN 978-617-09-5228-8
УДК 811.111(075.3)
Інтернет-підтримка
Електронні матеріали до підручника
розміщено на сайті
interactive.ranok.com.ua
Умовні позначки:
— listening; — writing;
— speaking; — homework;
3. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. well-disposed [~weld`sp3\zd] adj having friendly feelings towards smb/smth
2. sociable [`s3\63bl] adj enjoying to be with other people; gregarious
3. generous [`d4en3r3s] adj demonstrating a desire to give money, help,
etc.
4. intelligent [n`teld43nt] adj good at learning, thinking in a logical way
5. hard-working [~h%:d`w-:k8] adj putting much effort into a job and doing this
job well
Arguments 6. honest [`5nst] adj always telling the truth
7. courageous [k3`red43s] adj not feeling danger to do smth
To start with…
8. truthful [`tru:7fl] adj always telling the truth, honest
First of all…
Firstly,… 9. talkative [`t1:k3tv] adj enjoying talking a lot
Secondly,… 10. frustrated [fr2`stretd] adj having no effect; not being satisfied
The main reason 11. defensive [d`fensv] adj protecting smb/smth against attack
is… 12. unreasonable [2n`ri:zn3bl] adj not fair; expecting too much
On the one hand,… 13. maturity [m3`t6\3r3ti] n the quality of thinking and behaving in a sen-
On the other sible, adult manner
hand,… 14. to exaggerate [g`z0d43ret] v to make smth seem better, worse, larger or
Well, the thing is more important than it really is
that…
And finally… 4. Work in pairs. Put each word into the correct column. Add some more
All in all… positive or negative adjectives.
Obedient, naughty, polite, well-disposed, sociable, generous, intel-
4 ligent, hard-working, strict, brave, truthful, courageous, honest,
9. Read and match the parts of the sentences. Say if you can find some of
these people in your class. Answer the questions and discuss.
8
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A Civilised Society Dive 2
1. Read and discuss the quotation of Stephen Colbert. Do you agree or Words to learn:
disagree with him? Why? to masquerade;
self-imposed;
Remember, you cannot be both young and wise. Young people cynic;
who pretend to be wise to the ways of the world are mostly just disobedience;
cynics. Cynicism masquerades as wisdom, but it is the farthest pressure;
thing from it. Because cynics don’t learn anything. Because cyni- juvenile;
delinquency;
cism is a self-imposed blindness, a rejection of the world because
to obey;
we are afraid it will hurt us or disappoint us. Cynics always say
adolescence.
“no”. But saying “yes” is how things grow. Saying “yes” leads to
knowledge. “YES” is for young people. So as long as you have the
strength to, say “yes”.
Stephen Colbert
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. cynic [`snk] n a person who believes that people only do things
to help themselves, rather than for good rea-
sons
2. disobedience [~ds3`bi:di3ns] n refusal to do what you are told to do
3. pressure [`pre63(r)] n the act of trying to persuade or to force smb to
do smth
4. juvenile [`d4u:v3nal] adj connected with young people who are not yet
adults; n a young person who is not yet an
adult
5. delinquency [d`l8kw3nsi] n bad or criminal behaviour, usually of young
people
6. to obey [3`be] v to do what you are told or expected to do
7. adolescence [~0d3`lesns] n the time when a person develops from a child
into an adult
6. Work in groups. Complete the mind map. Add some more words and
expressions which have not been mentioned in the list given below. Present
your ideas to the classmates and complete the general mind map.
Apologising
8. Read the text and say which of the daughters really loves her mother ever
so much. Why do you think so? What sounds louder — actions or words?
Seven Daughters
One mother had seven daughters.
Once she went to visit her relatives who
lived far away. So she came back only
in a week. When mother entered her
hut, all her daughters, one after an-
other, started to express their feelings
saying how they missed their mother.
“I have missed you as the poppy
misses a solar meadow”, said the first
daughter.
“I have waited for you as the dry earth waits for a drop of water”,
said the second.
“I have cried for you as a tiny bird cries for its mummy”, said the
third.
“It has been as difficult for me to be without you as for a bee to
be without a flower”, said the fourth.
“I have been dreaming about you as a drop of dew dreams of
a rose”, exclaimed the fifth.
“I have been looking out for you as a nightingale looks out for the
cherry garden”, said the sixth.
And the seventh daughter said nothing. She silently took off shoes
from her mother’s feet and brought some water in the basin to wash
her legs.
By V. Sukhomlynskyi
Extra exercise
9. Relaxation. Do you want to know what person you are?
Do this survey. Some teenagers say that they don’t worry
about problems. Choose the alternative that describes your
likes, dislikes or the way you feel best. Read the results.
11
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Dive 3 A Civilised Society
Words to learn: 1. Listen and read the poem written by Yuliia Medvedeva, an English teach-
precious; er of language school № 98. Discuss in class. What is your mother for you?
majestic; Do you want to thank your lucky stars for your mother? Why?
to quieten;
placid; A Letter to My Mum
to spoil; You are the best, my precious mum,
identity; The best of all in the world.
hospitable; I want to thank my lucky stars.
sensible;
For you — you’re as majestic as gold.
skilful;
Sometimes, when days were dark and blue,
craft;
embroidery.
You spoke to me so warmly
And quietened me so easily,
You said: “Be calm and strong”.
When you keep quiet, I ask myself:
How long does the happiness last?
And your voice, your words, your placid face
Wouldn’t disappear so fast?!
You know, I’m happy to be free
In words which I can write.
Here I speak easily
And even about what I hide.
This verse is dedicated
To you and to your soul.
Let the words fly to your heart
And never return at all.
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. precious [`pre63s] adj having great value; treasured; affected
2. majestic [m3`d4estk] adj causing admiration; splendid
3. quieten [`kwa3tn] v to make smb/smth calmer or less noisy
4. placid [`pl0sd] adj calm and peaceful
5. to spoil [sp1l] v to ruin; to overindulge
(spoiled, spoiled; spoilt, spoilt)
6. identity [a`dent3ti] n the characteristics, qualities and attitudes,
that make people different from others
7. hospitable [h5`spt3bl; `h5spt3bl] adj welcoming; generous and friendly to guests,
visitors
8. sensible [`sens3bl] adj practical; based on experience and reason
9. skilful [`sklfl] adj accomplished; professional; good at doing
smth
10. craft [kr%:ft] n skills needed for a particular activity
11. embroidery [m`br1d3ri] n patterns that are sewn onto cloth to deco-
12
rate it
Asking for
someone’s opinion
14
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6. Work in pairs. Imagine yourselves to be grown-ups. You are 35—40 years
old. Your children are teenagers. What do you expect your children to be?
What will you allow your children to do? What won’t you allow them to do?
Why? Present your ideas to the classmates and discuss in class.
The table and the expressions can help you:
15
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Dive 4 A Civilised Society
Words to learn: 1.Work in pairs. Read these
to indulge; funny statements about teenag-
to swing; ers, find out the most interest-
incomprehensible; ing statement in your opinion. Add your
rebellious; own statements and present them to
drastic; the classmates.
indecisive; 1. A teenager is a person who
temptation; can hear his or her favourite
pertinent; singer from far but doesn’t
assertive;
hear his or her mother call-
refugee;
ing from the next room.
abduction;
traffic;
2. A teenager is sure that his or her parents were never teenagers.
neglect. 3. A teenager is a romantic who never falls in love more than once
a week.
Arguments
2. Describe the feelings of being a teenager. Add some more words which
To start with… have not been mentioned in the list given below.
First of all…
Firstly,… These words and the example can help you:
Secondly,… relaxing, wonderful, exciting, dangerous, dependent, independent,
The main reason fantastic, difficult, interesting, stressful, safe, boring, free, awful,
is… active, excellent.
On the one hand,…
On the other In my opinion, the feeling of being a teenager is fantastic but a teen-
hand,… ager has a lot of problems.
Well, the thing is
that… 3. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
And finally… tences with these words.
All in all…
1. to indulge [n`d2ld4] (in smth) v to take part in an activity that is illegal;
to have or do smth that is considered bad for
you
2. swing [sw8] n a change from one opinion, mood, etc. to an-
other (from being very happy to being very
sad); v to move from side to side
3. incomprehensible unintelligible; impossible to understand
[n~k5mpr`hens3bl] adj
4. rebellious [r`belj3s] adj unwilling to obey rules or accept normal
standards of behaviour
5. drastic [`dr0stk] adj extreme in a way that has a sudden effect on
smth
6. indecisive [~nd`sasv] adj unable to make decisions
7. temptation [temp`te6n] n the desire to do or to have smth that you
know is bad or wrong
8. pertinent [`p-:tn3nt] adj relating to a particular matter; relevant
9. assertive [3`s-:tv] adj expressing opinions strongly and with confi-
16 dence
A B C D
1 best better good goodness
2 difficult more difficult difficulties most difficult
3 solved solving solve had solved
4 to behave behaviour behaved behaving
5 indulging indulged indulge have indulged
6 into at on under
7 at of on though
8 knew have known to know knowing
9 friend friendship friendless friendly
10 don’t doesn’t didn’t won’t
18
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5. Read the text from Ex. 4 again and answer the questions.
6. Read these children’s rights and responsibilities. Choose five of the most
important rights in your opinion. Give your reasons why you think so. And
what about our responsibilities? Do you agree with them or disagree? Give
your reasons.
1. Children have the right to privacy.
2. Children have the right to a loving and caring family.
3. Children have the right to a drug-free world.
4. Children have the right to express their opinions.
5. Refugee children have the right to be protected.
6. Children have the right to get appropriate information.
7. Children have the right to a healthy environment.
8. Children have the right to express themselves.
9. Children have the right to meet and share views with others.
10. Children have the right to be protected from neglect.
11. Children have the right to be protected from trafficking and ab-
duction.
So to sum up: what are our rights? Our rights are what every hu-
man being deserves, no matter who he/she is or where he/she lives,
so that we can live in a world that is fair and just. 19
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A child/youth has the right:
to be respected for who they are in such matters as language, reli-
gion, family backgrounds and gender differences;
to be heard and able to express their opinion when important deci-
sions are being made about their future;
to have a safe, healthy environment;
to receive education and be able to take part in recreational or ath-
letic activities.
And what about our responsibilities?
A responsibility is something that affects our lives and other people’s
lives.
So a child/youth has the responsibility to:
follow the rules at home, at school and in the community — after
all they are there for their safety and protection of their rights and
the rights of others;
go to school when they should and do homework as required;
learn as well as they can;
respect the rights and the privacy of others;
respect other people’s differences in ability, race, colour, culture,
religion;
take responsibility for themselves and their actions;
look after their own belongings and respect the belongings of oth-
ers;
care about others who are not as strong in some ways as they
are;
Asking for
take care of their own bodies as well as they can.
clarification
1. refugee [~refj\`d4i:] n a person who has been forced to leave their country or
Sorry, what do you
home because of war or other reasons
mean?
2. abduction [0b`d2k6n] n taking smb away by threats and force
Does it mean…?
Do you mean…? 3. traffic [`tr0fk] n illegal trade in smth; trafficking; n people traffick-
Can you repeat that, ing
please? 4. neglect [n`glekt] n the fact of not giving enough care or attention to smb/
Would you mind smth
repeating that,
please? 7. Work in groups. Read the text below and discuss. Choose the best
Can you say it type of behaviour when you communicate with others to exchange infor-
again, please? mation, news, etc. and when you share your ideas with other people so
Sorry, I didn’t quite that they understand them. Give your reasons while presenting the results of the
catch that. discussion.
Could you repeat Do you know that behaviour and communication are two interre-
that more slowly,
lated things and the attitude of other people depends on our behav-
please?
iour and communication? A positive and favourable attitude towards
others leads to the development of adequate social skills and good so-
cial relationship between people.
These are some types of behaviour. They are aggressive, passive,
passive-aggressive and assertive.
20
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The aggressive type of behaviour intends to hurt someone or some-
thing. The aggressive communication style is pertinent and essen-
tial during emergencies or when you have to make a decision very
quickly.
The passive communication type of behaviour doesn’t express one’s
own thoughts or feelings appropriately. It seems their needs do not
matter. These people tend to trust others but they do not trust
themselves.
The passive-aggressive communication style unites aspects of both
passive and aggressive communication styles. People using this style
seem passive but act in indirect ways. Though they usually feel
powerless.
The assertive communication style helps people express their own
feelings and desires appropriately avoiding conflicts. It helps people
maintain relationships which end with a mutually beneficial situa-
tion.
8. Play a game. Divide into two teams. In turns one team says a word re-
lated to a family and teenagers, the other team makes a sentence using this
word. Each correct sentence gets a point. The team with the most points is
the winner.
21
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Dive 5 Food for Life
Words to learn: 1. Read and discuss these proverbs. Do you agree with them? Give your
cleanliness; reasons. What are the Ukrainian equivalents of these proverbs?
saturated fats;
liver; Good health is above wealth.
to overeat; Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.
low-fat;
actually. The healthier we are, the better we feel.
Agreeing 2. Work in class. Discuss and complete the mind map. Add some more words
and expressions which have not been mentioned in the list given below.
Yes, I agree with
you. 1. What are the laws of health in your opinion?
I completely agree. 2. What factors affect people’s health?
I know for sure.
I think you’re right.
Right.
That’s right.
Absolutely. Health
I suppose so.
Exactly. physical exercises
P
22
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4. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen- Find the English
tences with these words. meanings of these
words:
1. cleanliness [`klenl3n3s] n the state of being clean
чистота, охайність;
2. saturated fats these fats are not easily processed by the body
[`s0t63retd f0ts] when eaten because of the way their chemical насичені жири;
structure is arranged печінка;
переїдати;
3. liver [`lv3(r)] n a large organ in the body that produces bile and
cleans blood з низьким вмістом
жиру;
4. to overeat [~3\v3r`i:t] v to eat more than you need or more than it is
насправді, дійсно.
healthy
5. low-fat [~l3\`f0t] adj containing only a very small amount of fat Read them.
6. actually [`0kt6\3li] adv used to emphasise a fact or a comment
5. Work in groups. Listen to the text and fill in the missing words and ex-
pressions.
Everybody wants to live a long healthy life. There exist many ways
to live a healthy life and among them there are such as eating healthy
food, exercising, spending time outdoors in nature and others that
have positive effects on human health.
We should …(1) food, more fruit, vegetables, meat, milk products
that are rich in vitamins and protein. We shouldn’t overeat as over-
eating causes a lot of dangerous diseases, and shouldn’t eat junk food
Expressing opinions
either. Eating junk food is not the best thing for our health as it con-
tains a lot of saturated fats which are associated with a great risk of In my opinion,…
cancer, liver and other diseases. In my view,…
If we cannot …(2) junk food and can- I think (that)…
not imagine our life without hamburg- Personally, I think…
ers or chocolate bars or something like From my point of
that, then we have to limit the amount view…
I’m not sure (if,
of junk food we eat in order not to do
about)…
much harm. It is a great problem now-
I don’t have a
adays as the amount of junk food we definite opinion
eat …(3) and the amount of exercising about that.
we do has actually decreased. As I see you…
We …(4) eat at night either. If we As I see it,…
keep to a diet, we must do it carefully I don’t think…
because sometimes diets may be harmful. If we want to be strong and
healthy, then we mustn’t smoke, drink alcohol and especially …(5) as
it causes many diseases and leads to death. We should remember that
alcohol, cigarettes and drugs destroy both body and brain.
We forget that doing sports helps reduce the chance of being over-
weight. When we are active, we can …(6) our weight.
Spending time in nature, regular exercising and balanced eating
bring significant health benefits. If we improve our eating habits, do
sports, we’ll be better equipped …(7) with our stressful lifestyles, our
diseases and our chances of having a heart attack in later life will
also decrease.
23
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6. Read the text from Ex. 5 and discuss. Answer the questions. Present the
results of your discussion to the classmates.
1. Do you agree with the author’s opinion about how we should take
care of ourselves to be healthy?
2. What other ways of being healthy do you know?
1. If you will eat / eat less unhealthy or junk food, you live / will
live a long happy life.
2. If you eat / will eat food high in saturated fats and calories, you
will become / become overweight and fat.
3. If you limit / will limit food high in fat, you lose / will lose your
weight.
4. If you don’t consume / won’t consume a large amount of sugar
and food containing sugar, you won’t have / don’t have a teeth
disease.
5. If you will eat / eat many sweets, you will have / have a teeth
disease.
6. If you enjoy / will enjoy doing sports, you will be / are strong
and energetic.
7. If you work / will work hard, you will pass / pass your EIT.
8. If you work / worked hard, you would pass / passed your EIT and P
trustworthy;
reliable;
outspoken;
extravagant;
thoughtful;
contemplative;
sincere;
extremist;
restless;
highly strung;
excitable;
gentle;
serious;
patient;
impulsive;
sympathetic;
loving;
brave;
well-organised;
10. Read the pieces of advice for those who want to become stronger and polite;
healthier from Ex. 8 and check your answers. honest;
shy;
1. Drink plenty of water.
powerful.
2. Eat healthy food.
3. Don’t eat junk or fast food.
4. Don’t drink alcohol.
5. Don’t drink much coffee.
6. Do sports.
7. Sleep enough (7—8 hours).
8. Do exercises regularly.
9. Eat less and more often.
10. Avoid oversized portions of food.
11. Drink fat-free or low-fat (1 %) milk as it has fewer calories and
less saturated fats.
12. Drink water instead of sugary drinks.
13. Don’t take drugs.
14. Go for walks as often as you can.
11. Revise your knowledge of the words. Read and make some sentences
with these words.
1. trustworthy [`tr2st~w-:9i] adj reliable; someone that you can rely on as he/
she is good, honest, sincere, etc.
2. reliable [r`la3bl] adj dependable; that is likely to be correct or
true
3. outspoken [a\t`sp3\k3n] adj saying exactly what he/she thinks
4. extravagant [k`str0v3g3nt] adj very extreme or impressive
5. thoughtful [`71:tfl] adj quiet; showing that you take care of other
people
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Find the English 6. contemplative [k3n`templ3tv] adj thinking quietly and seriously about smth
meanings of these 7. sincere [sn`s3] adj genuine; showing what you really think or feel
words: 8. extremist [k`stri:mst] n a person whose opinions are unusual or un-
reasonable
який заслуговує на
довіру; 9. restless [`restl3s] adj unable to stay still or to be happy because
you need a change
надійний; міцний;
відвертий, щирий; 10. highly strung [~hali `str28] adj nervous and easily upset
надмірний; 11. excitable [k`sat3bl] adj becoming easily excited
замислений; 12. gentle [`d4entl] adj calm and kind; not strong or violent
споглядальний; 13. serious [`s3ri3s] adj important; not pretending or joking
прихильник 14. patient [`pe6nt] adj able to wait for a long time, etc. without be-
крайніх заходів, coming angry
екстреміст; 15. impulsive [m`p2lsv] adj acting suddenly without thinking carefully
невгамовний;
16. sympathetic [~smp3`7etk] adj kind to smb who is sad or hurt
знервований;
який хвилюється; 17. loving [`l2v8] adj showing love and affection for smb/smth
лагідний, добрий; 18. brave [brev] adj willing to do things which are difficult or
серйозний; dangerous
важливий; 19. well-organised [~wel`1:g3nazd] adj well arranged or planned
наполегливий; 20. polite [p3`lat] adj courteous; having and showing good man-
терплячий; ners and respect
імпульсивний; 21. honest [`5nst] adj always telling the truth and never stealing
сповнений or cheating
співчуття; 22. shy [6a] adj easily frightened; nervous or embarrassed
ніжний; відданий; about meeting and speaking to other people
хоробрий,
P
23. powerful [`pa\3fl] adj having great power or force; being able to
сміливий; control and influence people or events
добре
організований; 12. Work in groups. Write a list of the fruit your group like most. Then read
ввічливий, чемний; the sentences given below and present your group. Which of your class-
чесний, правдивий; mates are alike in your group? Their choice reflects their personalities.
боязкий,
нерішучий; 1. If you like oranges, you are patient, powerful, shy, reliable and
сильний, могутній. trustworthy.
2. If you like apples, you are extravagant, impulsive and outspoken.
Read them. 3. If you like bananas, you are loving, gentle, warm and sympathetic
by nature.
4. If you like coconuts, you are serious, very thoughtful and contem-
Asking for plative.
someone’s opinion 5. If you like pineapples, you are brave, well-organised, sincere and
honest.
What do you think 6. If you like papayas, you are a person whose sense of humour at-
of…? tracts other people.
What do you think 7. If you like mangos, you are an extremist with strong likes and
about…?
dislikes.
What’s your
8. If you like grapes, you are polite and warm by nature.
opinion…?
What’s your view…?
9. If you like pears, you are restless, highly strung and excitable.
13. Homework. Write a short paragraph about your likes and dislikes as
26 for eating habits.
3. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. sauce [s1:s] n a thick liquid that is eaten with food
2. cashew [`k06\:; k0`6\:] a small curved nut of the tropical
(also cashew nut) n Latin American cashew tree
3. pistachio [p`st063\; p`st%:63\] a small green nut of an Asian tree
(also pistachio nut) n
4. peanut [`pi:n2t] (also groundnut) n a nut that grows underground in a thin
shell
5. carbohydrate [~k%:b3\`hadret] n a substance such as sugar or starch
that provides our body with energy
and heat
6. obvious [`5bvi3s] adj easy to understand
7. fizzy [`fzi] adj (of a drink) having bubbles of gas in
27
it
Modal Changes
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
can › could
She said, “I can read English She said she could read
books”. English books.
must › had to, were to, should
They said, “We must read They said they had to (were
English books”. to, should) read English books.
mustn’t › didn’t have to, were not to,
They said, “We mustn’t read shouldn’t
these books”. They said they didn’t have to
(were not to, shouldn’t) read
those books.
may › might
She said, “You may read this She said they might read that
book”. book.
shall › should
She asked me, “Shall we read She asked me if we should
today?” read that day.
Note! The words could, would, should, might and ought to don’t
change.
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Time and Place Changes
here there
today that day
tomorrow the next day, the day after, the following day
the next week/ the following week/year/month, etc.
year/month, etc. the week/year/month, etc. after
last week/year/ the previous week/year/month, etc.
month, etc. the week/year/month, etc. before
yesterday the previous day, the day before
at the moment at that moment
now then, at that time
ago before, earlier, previously
these those
Note! We do not have to change time phrases and words if the infor-
mation is still true “at the moment” of speaking or writing.
“My name is Olia”, she said. She said her name was Olia.
or She said her name is Olia.
We make the same changes with reported questions as we do with
reported speech without using the question marks or question forms.
P
The most common reporting verbs used in indirect speech are: say,
tell, ask. There are many other reporting verbs we can use in indirect
speech. They are: accuse, agree, advise, apologise, beg, command,
cry, claim, deny, explain, complain, instruct, invite, order, offer,
promise, refuse, reply, respond, shout, suggest, think, whisper.
Using them properly you can make what you say much more interest-
ing and informative.
For example:
He asked me to go to the theatre with him.
He invited me to the theatre.
He begged me to go to the theatre.
He ordered me to go to the theatre.
He advised me to go to the theatre.
He suggested I should go to the theatre.
6. Work in groups. Find out what the members of your group have had for
P
7. Listen to the pupils of Kyiv language school № 211. Here is the first part
Agreeing of their discussion. They discuss the laws of health with their teacher Tetia-
Yes, I agree with na Kovalenko. Say what problems trouble them and why. Give your reasons.
you.
I completely agree. 8. Listen to the second part of the pupils’ discussion. Say what problems
I know for sure. haven’t been mentioned yet. Give your reasons.
I think you’re right.
Right.
That’s right. 9. Homework. Your teacher has asked you to share your ideas on food pref-
Absolutely. erences.
I suppose so. Include the following:
Exactly. what we need food for;
your food priorities;
tips for being healthy.
Suggested Answer
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Dive 7 Food for Life
Words to learn: 1. Read and discuss these quotations and proverbs. Answer the questions.
eatery; Give your reasons why you think so.
eating house;
restaurant; Laughter is the brightest in the place where the food is.
café; Irish proverb
cafeteria; All happiness depends on a leisurely breakfast.
coffee bar; John Gunther
coffee house; Don’t dig your grave with your own knife and fork.
canteen; English proverb
diner; Non ut edam vivo, sed ut vivam edo.
grill (grillroom);
I do not live to eat, but eat to live.
greasy spoon;
Quintilianus
lunchroom;
bistro;
1. Is healthy food really so important for our life?
brasserie;
2. Does our happiness depend on the food we eat?
steakhouse;
brewpub;
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
parlour;
tences with these words.
tea parlour.
1. eatery [`i:t3ri] n a restaurant or another place that serves food
2. eating house a place where people go to eat
3. restaurant [`restr5nt] n a place where we can buy and eat a meal P
4. café [`k0fe] n a place where we can buy drinks and simple meals
5. cafeteria [~k0f3`t3ri3] n a restaurant, usually in office buildings, where
you can choose food and drinks, and carry them
yourself to a table
6. coffee bar [`k5fi b%:(r)] n a small restaurant often in a store, a hotel, etc.
7. coffee house [`k5fi ha\s] n a restaurant serving coffee, etc.
8. canteen [k0n`ti:n] n a place where food and drinks are served in
a factory or school
9. diner [`dan3(r)] n a small usually cheap restaurant
10. grill (grillroom) [grl] n a restaurant serving grilled food
11. greasy spoon a small cheap restaurant, usually not very clean
[`gri:si (`gri:zi) `spu:n] n or attractive
12. lunchroom [`l2nt6ru:m] n a large room in a school where pupils or stu-
dents eat lunch or lunch can be prepared
13. bistro [`bi:str3\] n a small informal restaurant, serves spirits
14. brasserie [`br0s3ri] n a chip informal restaurant that serves both
food and drinks
15. steakhouse [`stekha\s] n a restaurant that specialises in steaks
16. brewpub [`bru:p2b] n a combination of a brewery and a restaurant;
beer is brewed for consumption on the premises
and served along with food
17. parlour [`p%:l3(r)] n a shop or a store that provides particular goods
and service, e. g. an ice-cream parlour
18. tea parlour [ti: `p%:l3(r)] a restaurant where tea and light meals are
34 (teahouse, tearoom, teashop) n available
dough;
stuffing;
to suffice;
garnish;
starch;
starchy;
legume;
spice;
beverage;
crash.
Whether you need a quick cup of coffee …(6) or are catching up
with an old friend, cafés provide a versatile space for different pur-
poses. Most cafés have the following attributes: usually serve coffee,
tea, pastries, and small items for breakfast and lunch; casual, relaxed
atmosphere; many people might work or socialise for periods of time
at a café.
Pop-up restaurants, bars, and stands are a new trend that allows
owners, chefs, and guests to try new food and restaurant concepts
and creations. Pop-up restaurants can be anything from a beer garden
only open for the summer to a sit-down restaurant in an unconven-
tional location that’s briefly open for a month or two. There are some
of the qualities of a pop-up food concept: operates temporarily from a
few hours to a few months; the location varies from shipping contain-
ers and old unused buildings to outdoor spaces and rooftop gardens; P
9. Work in groups. Read the text about the best Ukrainian traditional food.
This project was made by Oleksandra Kohut, a pupil of the 11th form. Dis-
cuss and find out what the best Ukrainian dishes are in your opinion. Pres-
ent the results of your work to the classmates.
These Ukrainian dishes are the best. They are delicious. They are Apologising
borshch, varenyky, chicken Kyiv, uzvar and paska.
There is a scary saying that no Ukrainian girl will be able to get I’m sorry for my
married if she does not know how to prepare borshch. Though this mistake.
statement is considered to be faulty and out-of-date nowadays, it I’m sorry for being
may be helpful for some people to get acquainted with the recipe of late.
borshch. This traditional soup, made out of beetroot and up to 20 I’m really sorry.
I’m awfully sorry.
other ingredients, is a staple dish in every Ukrainian family. We love
I apologise.
our borshch with all the depth of our Ukrainian hearts — hot and
cold, fresh and stale, for lunch or for breakfast, as a meal or even as
a healing medicine against winter colds.
Traditionally borshch is made of grated beetroot with tomatoes,
added to a soup of different vegetables — onions, carrots, fresh or
pickled cabbage, peppers, and whatever else available from our house
garden.
Just like borshch, varenyky are known all over the world. Varenyky Saying thanks
can be made of the cheapest ingredients available. The dough is
a simple mix of flour, water and salt. And stuffing can be anything: Thank you.
mashed potatoes with mushrooms and fried onions, pickled cabbage, Thank you very
minced meat and even cherries! The sweet version of varenyky is usu- much.
ally served with sour cream and honey, and it is a tasty and healthy Thanks a lot.
Many thanks.
dish.
That is very kind of
Chicken Kyiv is a dish that has brought fame to Ukraine. The sim-
you.
ple combination of fresh chicken filet with a piece of butter is con-
sidered to be quite exquisite all over the world. To be ensured that
37
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butter does not flow during frying, you’ll need a lot of practice and
true professionalism.
Nowadays, chicken Kyiv is served in fashionable restaurants in
London and New York. It is always the first dish ordered by guests
visiting the Ukrainian capital.
Uzvar is a traditional Ukrainian drink. It’s typically served dur-
ing Christmas dinner, and is regularly cooked in local households.
This refreshing beverage is actually a compote, made out of dried
fruit. The most popular ingredients are dried apples, pears and apri-
cots. We can add prunes, raisins and honey to sweeten the savoury
drink.
Paska is the favourite staple of Ukrainian Easter breakfast ta-
bles and is loved by both adults and children. It is baked in dozens
to be given away during Easter family visits. Great Ukrainian house-
wives instruct that during baking paska, no one should be allowed to
enter the kitchen, except the housewife herself — to avoid the unne-
cessary noise and not to distract the bread from moulding up into the
most delicious pastry of the Ukrainians.
10. Work in pairs. Read the text from pupils’ project work — one text for
a pair. Be ready to present the gist of your text to the classmates. Write out
the key sentences in your opinion.
project. We really like doing projects with our group. There are
13 students in our group. We shared the responsibilities and every
one of us did a research and found out some interesting and useful
information about food. Making this project we wanted to show
Responding to
people how important food and eating itself are in our everyday
thanks
life.
Not at all. Vashchenko, Reva
No problem.
That’s OK. So, now you can see the result of our work.
My pleasure.
We are healthy when all parts of our bodies and minds work
It’s a pleasure.
together properly. We cannot be happy unless we feel well.
Don’t mention it.
Any time.
The ancient Greeks knew the value of good health. Moreover,
You’re welcome. they even named one goddess Hygeia, which means the goddess of
health. Hygeia was the daughter of Asclepius, the god of medi-
cine. The Greeks prayed to her to give them good health.
The Romans spoke of health in a proverb, “A healthy mind in
a healthy body”. In addition to physical health, understanding of
mental health is also important. The body does a great deal to take
care of itself, but by learning a few important health rules, it is
possible to help the body to work at its best.
Suffice it to say that many people will say, “Good health means
not being ill”. That is true. But health is more than that. Good
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health is something positive. We have good health when our bodies
and our minds are able to work at their best.
All things considered, the human body is much more compli-
cated than any machine. Yet it needs less day-to-day care than a
machine. No machine can do all the things the body can do. No
machine will work for 70 years or more, day and night, requiring
only air, water, food, and a few simple rules.
Zarubinska
To begin with, I would like to say that food is fuel. Our minds
and bodies depend on it for the energy to be healthy and strong.
Not just any food will produce it. Our minds and bodies need: car-
bohydrates, protein, vitamins, minerals, fibre, fat. Naturally, dif-
ferent foods contain different amounts and combinations of these
six components.
To sum it up, all you need to know is a few simple facts. Then
it is easy to avoid what is bad for you and choose a balanced,
healthy diet. P
Velykyi
I will continue the idea of Katia about dieting. But I did a re-
search about the harm of diets, and I found horrible things from
the Internet and TV about how the harm of diets affects us. It’s
very dangerous for the health of people. You may get ill with
anorexia if you don’t eat. Many top models may be ill with this
disease and die because they want to look thin. Many famous top
models died, among them there are Ana Carolina Reston and Elia-
na Ramos. And now I want to speak about its harm.
I’ve tried to find the answer to the question what false
theories about dieting bring to people. A cardiologist Isadore
Rosenfeld, MD, a professor of clinical medicine at Weill Cor-
nell Medical College, in New York City, and an author of the
forthcoming Doctor of the Heart: My Life in Medicine, oppos-
es crash diets (less than 1,200 calories a day) and detox plans
like the Master Cleanse. The Master Cleanse involves consum-
ing a mixture of water, lemon juice, maple syrup, and cayenne
pepper — and nothing else — for several days. He says these
very-low-calorie regimens are based on the false theory that the
body needs help to eliminate waste.
Research suggests rapid weight loss can slow your metabolism,
leading to future weight gain, and deprive your body of essential
nutrients. What’s more, crash diets can weaken your immune sys-
tem and increase your risk of dehydration, heart palpitations, and
cardiac stress.
So, from my research, it’s quite obvious that a person should
think twice before following different theories about dieting.
Shcherbak
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I wanted to do a research on what people think about eating
habits. We asked people via the Internet, some of our classmates,
about 55 people in general.
The two questions we wanted to ask can be seen here.
Question 1: If you want to become slim, is it better to eat small
snacks of food frequently through the day or to eat big portions,
but seldom?
The results are as follows:
60 % think that to eat small snacks, but frequently is better;
10 % think that to eat big portions, but seldom is better;
30 % think that to eat as much as you can, but to do sports
is better.
Question 2: Is it easier to be a vegetarian or a non-vegetarian?
The results are as follows:
75 % think that it is easier to be a vegetarian;
25 % think that it is easier to be a non-vegetarian.
It was amazing that we couldn’t find a definite answer as to
people’s preferences. Maybe we will continue our research.
Tsyhanenko
it’s important to decide whether diets are good and helpful or harm-
ful and unhealthy;
we must think of our food waste and new ideas about what to do
to reduce them;
our health is our great wealth, and eating the right food influences
it greatly;
a healthy mind is connected with a healthy body.
Extra exercise
11. Work in pairs. Interview your partner using this
“Quiz”. Do it in turns and rank each other. It will help you
become healthier and happier.
12. Play a game. Divide into two teams. In turns one team says a word
related to food, the other team makes a sentence using this word. Each cor-
rect sentence gets a point. The team with the most points is the winner.
13. Homework. Make a project called “We eat to live, not live to eat”.
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Art as Entertainment Dive 8
1. The dictionary defines art as the use of imagination to express ideas, Words to learn:
emotions or feelings in painting, music, literature, sculpture. Discuss in genius;
class. What is art in your opinion? How does art make you feel? perception;
to convey;
delight;
2.Work in pairs. Complete the mind maps. Present your ideas to the class- to delight;
mates and complete the general mind maps. eternal;
to mesmerise;
consciousness.
enriches Art
inspires
Arguments
3. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. genius [`d4i:nj3s] (pl. geniuses) n a person, who is artistic or intelligent and has
a very high level of skills
2. perception [p3`sep6n] n insight; an idea or a belief of how you under-
stand or see smth
3. to convey [k3n`ve] v to communicate; to make feelings, thoughts,
etc. known to smb
4. delight [d`lat] n the feeling of great pleasure
5. to delight [d`lat] v to give smb a lot of pleasure and enjoyment
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Find the English 6. eternal [`t-:nl] adj existing or continuing for ever
meanings of these 7. to mesmerise [`mezm3raz] v to have a strong effect on smb
words: 8. consciousness [`k5n63sn3s] n the state of being aware of smth
геній;
сприйняття; 4. Read the text below. For each of the empty spaces (1—8) choose the
передавати, correct answers (A, B, C or D).
повідомляти; Art in Our Life
захоплення;
Art is a creative perception of the world by talented persons. It
захоплюватися;
вічний; незмінний;
displays people’s moods, emotions, feelings and thoughts. It takes
зачаровувати; your breath away when you see masterpieces created by geniuses.
свідомість; These eternal masterpieces convey the
наївність. world’s beauty and harmony, delight
with the perfect nature creations,
Read them. mesmerise with its perfection and
deep consciousness of man’s role in
this world. It is quite impossible …(1)
our life without art. Art …(2) to be the
process and the result of human ac-
tivity. It has different forms such as
painting, sculpture, music, literature,
traditions, folklore, religion, crafts,
(3)
clothes, communication and … arts.
At all times art has helped people develop their abilities, deepen their
knowledge, change and improve their life. Art influences society greatly
as it is many-sided and is a vehicle for social change. First of all art in-
fluences the formation of …(4) culture of the identity of a person, it can
rouse emotions and feelings in those who encounter it, inspiring them to
change. Despite the fact that art is created by extraordinary talented per-
sonalities it belongs to millions of people and can refine people. The more
they …(5) paintings and architectural masterpieces, visit museums, thea-
tres and exhibitions, listen …(6) fine music, communicate with people from
different countries and people of different cultures via images, sounds,
stories, the more they want to join the amazing world of geniuses.
Unfortunately, art, though it bears the beauty and kindness in the
world, cannot influence people without their will. So if we …(7) see and
understand the beauty of the world around us, art …(8) us as well as
society in general.
A B C D
1 imagine to imagine had imagined imagines
2 considering considers is considered to consider
3 other another others some
4 spirit to spiritualise spirituality spiritual
5 to contemplate contemplated contemplate contemplating
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A B C D
6 at on in to
7 desiring desire to desired had been desired
8 to beneficially beneficially will beneficially beneficially
influence influences influence influence
1. Art is… .
2. It displays… .
3. It is quite impossible to imagine… .
4. Art has different forms… .
Asking for
5. At all times art has helped people… .
someone’s opinion
6. First of all art influences… .
7. The more people visit museums,… . What do you think
8. So if we desire to see and understand the beauty… . of…?
What do you think
6. Work in pairs. Make a list of different kinds of art. Present the results of about…?
your work to the classmates and make a general list of different kinds of art. What’s your
opinion…?
These words and expressions can help you: What’s your view…?
painting, music, songs, Ukrainian embroidery, architecture,
literature, theatre, cinema, films, TV programmes, clothes,
traditions, dancing, festivals, design, audiovisual arts, fests, folk
painting fair, book fair, folk fair, carolling, Ukrainian painting on
wood, weaving.
Expressing opinions
In my opinion,…
In my view,…
I think (that)…
Personally, I think…
From my point of
view…
I’m not sure (if,
about)…
I don’t have a
definite opinion
7. Work in class. Discuss. about that.
As I see you…
1. What is the most important kind of art in your opinion? Give As I see it,…
your reasons. I don’t think…
2. What is your attitude to art?
3. Is modern life possible without art?
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4. What is your favourite kind of art? Why? Give your reasons.
5. What way does art influence people?
6. What is the role of art in your life?
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Art as Entertainment Dive 9
1. Work in pairs. Read and discuss this quotation. Decide if art really wash- Words to learn:
es away from the soul all the dust of everyday life and if music is really the to engrave;
universal language of all mankind. Present the results of your discussion to engraving;
the classmates. installation;
conceptual;
Art washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life.
to reveal;
Pablo Picasso
revelation;
Music is the universal language of all mankind. disgustful;
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow appalling;
to relieve;
crucial.
2. Work in groups. Complete the mind map. Present your ideas to the class-
mates and complete the general mind map.
painting Agreeing
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Nevertheless art is one of the …(6) wonderful spheres of our life
where we can spend our free time with our children.
The variety of art is unlimited. Art includes various forms: the
fine arts — painting, drawing, sculpture, engraving; applied arts —
furniture, graphic design, industrial design, installation art and oth-
ers; folk art — music, embroidery, dance, painting on wood, weav-
ing, clothes, etc.; new forms of art — films, video art, photography,
performance art, fashion, computer art, conceptual art, etc. A wide
range of different genres may …(7) within each form.
The most popular forms of art are painting and music in our opin-
ion. We like visiting museums and art galleries. A painter using col-
ours, light shade and a shape makes us enjoy the …(8) of the world.
There are a lot of styles and genres of painting — pop art, realism,
impressionism, modernism, cubism, surrealism, landscape painting,
portraits, folk painting, and other genres and styles.
As for music it helps us relax, relieve stress and forget about the
troubles and problems of everyday life. Music as well as painting …(9)
our emotions. There are different styles of music — rock, pop, rock-
n-roll, classical music, jazz, rap, dance, folk music, hip-hop, indie.
Music is a universal form of communication. It is difficult to imagine
our life without music because it gives us things like feel, dynamic,
melody, rhythm and atmosphere.
Music is able to animate even a faded flower. If you are train-
ing and turn on music, it will increase your productivity by 20 %. If
you …(10) to music, it will improve your memory and mind, especially
Vivaldi’s Four Seasons, make you more responsible and persistent and
reduce pain and anxiety. Of course such music mustn’t be aggressive,
harsh, depressive and violent.
A B C D
1 develop developed is developing have developed
2 was developed developing has developed are developing
3 strengthens is strengthened strengthen
strengthening
4 at in by on
5 done doing have done to do
6 most more much many
7 existed has existed existing exist
8 the most beautiful beauty more beautiful
beautiful
9 affects affect have affected affected
10 listened listen was listened have listened
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6. You have read the text about relatives and what they have to do to be
closer to you. And what do you have to do to be closer to your relatives?
Work in groups. Discuss and present the results of your work to the class-
mates. Make a general list of your duties.
Saying thanks
Thank you.
Thank you very
much.
Thanks a lot.
Many thanks.
That is very kind of
you.
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Responding to
8. Work in pairs. Listen to the dialogue and act it out. thanks
9. Work in pairs. Make your own dialogues about going to a concert or Not at all.
a festival. No problem.
That’s OK.
10. Match descriptive adjectives and nouns to make expressions showing My pleasure.
the atmosphere. It’s a pleasure.
Don’t mention it.
dazzling music Any time.
You’re welcome.
joyful costumes
enthusiastic dancers
outstanding conditions
popular fireworks
appalling faces
exotically dressed groups
bright singers
lively crowd
sparkling sight
blinding festival
very significant visitors
grand dress
most spectacular dinner
delicious occasion Asking for
romantic white role clarification
11. Homework. Write a letter to your pen friend about your visit to a fes-
tival or a concert.
Include the following:
type of the event;
your expectations;
what impression the event made on you.
Suggested Answer
Dear Max,
Hope you are well. I’d like to share my impressions about a fes-
tival I attended. As you know I am keen on classical music, but
I’ve decided to visit a heavy metal festival to get new experience.
Well, my visit to a heavy metal festival a couple of days ago was
quite a revelation. I realised that the impression I had of this type
of an occasion (received in my childhood from my elder brother
who had first-hand experience) was in fact somewhat misleading.
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Actually, I expected listening to some interesting, outstanding
groups. I imagined something well-known, popular, gleaming and
magical. What I wasn’t prepared for was the sheer chaos of the
sound, the lack of anywhere to sit and the discomfort that en-
tailed, the terrible crush of the huge number of people in a rather
limited space shouting, whistling, jumping. It is obvious that peo-
ple must have been prepared beforehand because such events are
not for all.
All in all, the whole experience was a disgustful one. Visiting
the festival, I learnt a lot. But why so many young people should
choose to spend time in such appalling conditions remains incom-
prehensible to me!
Have to go now. Write back and tell me what you think about
this matter.
Big hug,
Sandra
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Dive 10 Art as Entertainment
Words to learn: 1. Work in groups. Read and discuss this quotation. Do you agree with
to mould; Isaac Shoenberg? Give your reasons. Present the results of your discussion
to resist; to the classmates.
spellbound;
to depict; Well, gentlemen, you have now invented the biggest time-waster
to co-star; of all time.
commercial. Isaac Shoenberg
2.Work in pairs. Complete the mind maps. Present your ideas to the class-
mates and complete the general mind maps.
Mass media
help us
Asking for
someone’s opinion focus on the most urgent problems of society
Arguments
To start with…
First of all… 3. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
Firstly,… tences with these words.
Secondly,…
1. to mould [m3\ld] v to influence the developing of smb’s character,
The main reason
opinions, etc.
is…
On the one hand,… 2. to resist [r`zst] v to stop yourself from doing smth you want to
do very much
On the other
hand,… 3. spellbound [`spelba\nd] adj having one’s attention held; fascinated
Well, the thing is 4. to depict [d`pkt] v to represent, to give description of smb/smth in
that… writing, painting, picture, etc.
And finally… 5. to co-star [`k3\st%:(r)] v to have two or more famous actors acting in
All in all… a film
6. commercial [k3`mç:6l] n an advertisement on television or radio
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Find the English
4. Read the text and answer the questions. meanings of these
words:
Newspapers, magazines, radio and television play a very impor-
tant role in our everyday life, especially television, and influence a формувати;
large number of people. Newspapers, magazines, radio and television протистояти;
inform, educate, organise public opinion, give an opportunity to learn приголомшений,
something new and entertain people. But TV dominates the life of a зачарований;
family all the time. It becomes a habit which is impossible to resist. зображати,
Most people can’t do without television. описувати;
Television is certainly one of the most influential forces of our виконувати головну
роль;
time. It informs people about different events, entertains them or
реклама (на
even helps make their lives better, focuses public attention on the
телебаченні, радіо).
most urgent problems of society. Television helps us form our opin-
ion on different events, influences the way people live, dress, eat and Read them.
communicate.
But the greatest problem we face is the influence of TV on chil-
dren. 90 % of schoolchildren spend their free time watching TV. They
grow up addicted to television and almost all their time is regulat-
ed by it. Instead of going to
theatres, museums, art gal-
leries, going for walks, doing
sports, reading books and
listening to music, visiting
friends or discussing differ-
ent problems they watch TV
day and night.
Nevertheless there are
interesting educational pro-
grammes for children on TV.
They can watch all kinds of
contests, quizzes, favourite football or hockey teams in important in-
ternational events, sports competitions. They can also learn foreign
languages on TV.
Television is not harmful if we, especially children, watch interest-
ing and useful programmes and don’t spend all our free time watch-
ing TV. The main thing is that we don’t have to be passive, to be in-
terested less in outdoor activities, to read less, to forget about other
kinds of activities in our life.
Disagreeing
Yes, but…
2. Work in pairs. Discuss your hobbies. Present the results of your discus-
True, but…
sion to the classmates.
I can’t agree with
These words, expressions and the example can help you: you.
exciting, relaxing, easy, sewing and making embroidery, I disagree with you.
watching exciting/touching films, growing plants, I’m afraid I disagree
reading interesting books, going to museums, theatres, with you.
art galleries, gardening, tiring, creative. I’m not sure that’s
right.
— Have you ever tried sewing and making embroidery? I agree to some
— No, I haven’t. It looks tiring. extent, but…
I’m not sure I can
3. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen- accept that.
tences with these words. There might be
some truth in that,
1. outlook [`a\tl\k] n the attitude to life and the world of a particu-
but…
lar person
2. inner [`n3(r)] adj private and secret; inside
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Find the English 3. to exercise [`eks3saz] v to train your mind; to do sports or other phys-
meanings of these ical activities
words: 4. networking [`netw-:k8] n a system of trying to meet and talk to other
people who may be useful to you
точка зору;
5. to plunge [pl2nd4] (into smth) v to start doing smth in an enthusiastic way
кругозір,
6. rewarding [r`w1:d8] adj satisfying
перспектива;
таємний; 7. enchanting [n`t6%:nt8] adj attractive; pleasant
заповітний, 8. searching [`s-:t68] adj thorough and serious
внутрішній; 9. touching [`t2t68] adj making you feel emotional
розвивати, 10. theatregoer [`73t3~g3\3(r)] n a person who goes to theatres regularly
тренувати; 11. matinee [`m0tne] n an afternoon performance of a play
система зустрічей
і розмов з 4. Answer the questions.
іншими людьми,
які можуть бути 1. Are you a regular theatregoer? How often do you go to the thea-
корисні;
tre?
поринати,
2. The theatre is one of the greatest kinds of art. What is its place
занурюватися,
пірнати;
among other types of art in modern life?
корисний, вартий, 3. What are the main problems of the theatre today?
що винагороджує; 4. Do you think the theatre is dying? Is it losing its significance in
чарівний, the social life of people?
чарівничий, 5. What kind of plays do you prefer?
чаклунський; 6. Where do you prefer to have seats?
старанний, 7. Do you prefer evening performances to matinees or matinees to
глибокий, evening performances?
сумлінний; 8. What theatre is considered the best in your town (city)?
зворушливий; 9. Is the standard of its performances high? Is it always easy to get
театрал; tickets?
денний спектакль.
10. Are there many theatres in your town (city)?
Read them. 11. What kinds of plays are in the repertoire at the theatres in your
town (city)? Are they popular with the audience?
6. Listen to the text about a visit to the theatre and complete the sen-
tences.
1. Jane and her friends decided to … .
2. As almost all of the tickets were sold they only managed to buy
tickets at … .
3. Though their seats were far from the stage they had … .
4. During the performance they completely forgot … .
5. Jane and her friends were greatly impressed … .
6. No wonder theatre is considered to be … . Saying thanks
7. Work in pairs. Tell your partner about your last visit to the theatre. Thank you.
Thank you very
much.
8. Write an e-mail to your English-speaking pen friend about your visit to
Thanks a lot.
the theatre.
Many thanks.
Include the following: That is very kind of
type of the performance, what it was about; you.
what impression the event made on you;
ask your friend about his/her attitude to the theatre.
Suggested Answer
Dear Ann,
Hope you are well. I would like to say a few words about the
play by Shakespeare “Romeo and Juliet” which I’ve seen the other
day.
You know it’s a tragic story about love. Two young people fell
in love but their parents were against their marriage. Romeo and
Juliet died fighting for their happiness. The love story of this
tragedy is very touching and sad.
Anyway, this play gave me strong emotional experience. It made
me take to heart the characters’ fate like my own as it was a great
performance and the actors were wonderful. I am not a theatre-
goer but even I was impressed. Though “Romeo and Juliet” is a
tragedy I recommend you to read it, if you haven’t done it yet,
because it is not gloomy, it is a hymn to people’s love.
I know that you’re fond of going to the theatre but as I’ve
mentioned, I’m not a regular theatregoer. Could you tell me about
a play which you’ve recently seen? Do you think it’s exciting to
be a famous actor?
Well, have to go now. Write back and tell me what you think
about a theatrical performance.
Cheers,
Alex
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Words to learn: 9. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
to emerge; tences with these words.
notion; 1. to emerge [`mç:d4] v to transpire; to appear or become known
interdisciplinary;
2. notion [`n3\6n] n an idea or understanding of smth
multifaceted;
3. interdisciplinary involving different areas of knowledge or study
identity;
[~nt3`ds3pln3ri] adj
mural;
collaboration; 4. multifaceted [~m2lti`f0std] adj having many different aspects to be considered
to encompass; 5. identity [a`dentti] n the characteristics that distinguish people
to evolve. from others; who or what smb/smth is
6. mural [`mj\3r3l] n a large painting made on an inside or outside
wall of a building
7. collaboration [k3~l0b3`re6n] the process of working with other people
(with, between) n to create or produce smth
8. to encompass [n`k2mp3s] v to include a large number of things
9. to evolve [`v5lv] v to develop gradually into forms that are better
adapted to survive changes in their environ-
ment
10. Read the text below. For each of the empty spaces (1—7) choose the
correct answers (A, B, C or D).
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identity, power relationships and other social and political meanings Find the English
and values. meanings of these
Visual culture scholars analyse films, television, graphic art, fash- words:
ion design, established fine art media such as painting, murals, graf- з’являтися,
fiti, collaborations between artists, …(5) and architects including the показуватися;
impact of globalisation. Most contemporary artists do not take into виникати;
consideration the distinctions between high art and popular culture. поняття, уявлення;
Public art …(6) new purposes, forms and locations, including pop- переконання;
art shops, street parades and online projects. Public artists have to міждисциплінар-
use established approaches such as installation and performance but ний; виховний;
introduce new variations in the 21st century. виправний;
The 21st century is just the beginning. The new ideas …(7) rapidly різноманітний;
and new artists are constantly gaining attention and influence. різнобічний;
багатогранний;
(www.oxfordartonline.com)
тотожність, ідентич-
ність;
A B C D
справжність;
1 to express expressing has expressed expressed фреска;
спільна праця,
2 had made to make made are making
співпраця;
3 to shift are shifting shifted has shifted оточувати;
містити (в собі);
4 have grown has grown to grow growing розвивати(ся),
5 engineers engineering engine engineer розгортати.
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Art as Entertainment Dive 12
Words to learn:
1. Read and say if you agree with these statements.
temple;
If there is light in the soul, to stun;
There will be beauty in the person. unique;
If there is beauty in the person, gilded;
There will be harmony in the house. watercolour;
If there is harmony in the house, etching;
There will be order in the nation. crockery;
If there is order in the nation, trunk;
There will be peace in the world. to weave.
Ancient Chinese proverb
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Find the English
4. Read the text below. For each of the empty spaces (1—10) choose the
meanings of these
correct answers (A, B, C or D).
words:
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One of the popular kinds of folk art is Ukrainian folk embroidery. It is
very popular nowadays. These are tablecloths, towels, pictures, serviettes,
women’s dresses and blouses, men’s shirts and other types of clothes.
On special occasions or even in everyday life we …(7) traditional
clothes but some parts of our clothes are decorated with embroidery:
the collar, the front and sleeves of shirts and blouses (vyshyvanky),
skirts and dresses, beads and wreaths. We can …(8) vyshyvanky sepa-
rately with European suits as festive, patriotic and popular clothing.
A lot of people enjoy embroidering as the process develops creativity,
aesthetical taste and teaches patience.
Ukrainian folk decorative painting on wood was very popular
among peasants, too. They painted houses, furniture, especially
trunks, wooden crockery. Trunks with things were put in the place
to see them as they showed the family’s well-being and …(9) from gen-
eration to generation as a great value. And even nowadays wooden
painted plates are often used to decorate halls of flats and houses.
Weaving has always played a great role in the life of the Ukrain-
ians. Textiles and carpets were made and ornamented using various
techniques of weaving. Not only textiles, carpets, lace but baskets
were woven in Ukraine as well. By the way, baskets are woven from
strips of willow. And even now the Ukrainians weave beautiful bas-
kets of different sizes and forms. Contemporary folk masters …(10)
a great contribution to the art of artistic weaving.
A B C D
1 was stunned to stun stunning are stunned
2 are decorated decorates to decorate is decorating
3 are widely used using widely uses widely to use widely
4 revealing revealed were revealed reveals
5 to see saw see have seen
6 creating were created was created to create
7 wear wearing wears is wearing
8 wore wear to wear worn
9 was handed were handed handed to hand
10 was made have been made have made make
7.
Work in groups. Discuss the role of folk and modern music in our life.
Some groups discuss the role of folk music in our life, the other groups —
Arguments
the role of modern music in our life. Present the results of your discussion
To start with… to other groups. Then each group has to complete two mind maps. Add some more
First of all… words and expressions which have not been mentioned in the list given below.
Firstly,… These words and expressions can help you:
Secondly,… emotional, melodious, lovely, relaxing, happy, chaotic, fun, better,
The main reason
to make, to teach, to entertain, to cure, to bring up, to inspire,
is…
to enrich, to treat, noble, intelligent, kind, clever, more humane,
On the one hand,…
On the other
to enjoy, rock, techno, classical, rap, hip hop, pop, country, indie,
hand,… reggae, rock-n-roll, soul, folk, important, musical nation, musical
Well, the thing is instruments, kobza, bandura, music styles, Ukrainian music is very
that… important to us, bands, singers, ethnic motives, lyrical, melodic,
And finally… chorus, songs, ballads, up-to-date music.
All in all…
Music is
good mood
Music
helps us
be happy
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8. Work in class. Discuss contemporary art in Ukraine. Pay special attention Asking for
to the festivals, folk fairs, fests which are held in your village, town or city. someone’s opinion
Use the Internet and book resources if necessary. What do you think
These words and sentences can help you: of…?
What do you think
“The Country of Dreams” festival is an international ethnic music
about…?
festival held in Spivoche Field in Kyiv. This festival is a folk one. It What’s your
includes performances in Spivoche Field, a fair of folk art products, opinion…?
a book fair, master classes on folk craftsmanship where you can see What’s your view…?
how pieces of art are made, ethnic cuisines where you can taste food,
a folk painting fair and lots more.
Many famous folk performers from different foreign countries such
as France, Poland, Georgia and others participate in it.
“Molodist Filmfest” festival promotes the development of young
professional cinema.
“Gogol Fest” is one of the most famous fests in Ukraine. It includes
up-to-date music, literature, dance, cinema, and audio visual arts, ex-
perimental theatre, painting and lots more.
The Ukrainian Fashion Week became a symbolic event where lead-
ing fashion designers can show their collections. It displays not only
works of contemporary Ukrainian artists, sculptors but also Ukraini-
an historical and art legacy as well.
9. Read the texts and complete the table. Say what kind of art you like.
Lina, 16: I am keen on arts, especially painting. I enjoy different
landscapes made in oil more than anything. I like it when artists de-
pict the smallest details of spring nature. We can see spring branches
of trees filled with light, flowers, lilac blossoms filled with moisture,
bushes, emerald grass. The bright colours of the canvases refresh my
soul like pure spring water.
Ostap, 15: I like visiting museums ever so much. Some days ago I went
to the National Museum of Decorative Arts and had a chance to see
still lifes by Ukrainian artists. Different fruit, vegetables, flowers,
utensils of the Ukrainian people were depicted in the pictures. It was
great! The painters opened a new, fantastic and mysterious world of
beauty and harmony to me. Thanks to such paintings we understand
how beautiful our Ukraine is.
Olia, 17: I cannot imagine our life without arts. I am personally
interested in portraits. There are different kinds of portraits: full-
length portraits, self-portraits, group portraits or just faces. While
watching portraits I can pay attention to the smallest strokes of pic-
tures: expression of faces, eyes, smiles, clothes. Painting affects our
emotions greatly, and I always get unforgettable impressions of the
excursion.
Mykola, 16: As for me, I am fond of cityscapes. They are usually
drawn in oil, pastel, coal or watercolours and different techniques
are used to paint these cityscapes. They help me develop my imagi-
nation. Thanks to these paintings we can understand how the city 69
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has changed, its history, the citizens’ life and lots more. I can value
the mastership of painters. I really enjoy watching these paintings as
they are a special way of learning and reflection of reality, a form of
social consciousness and a part of a person’s spiritual culture.
10. Read the advertisement for an excursion to the National Art Gallery of
Ukraine. Ask questions to get more information (when, where it is situated,
exhibits, time of excursions, open hours, guides).
ATTENTION!
We are going to visit the National Art
Gallery of Ukraine! Join us and get
unforgettable impressions of the excursion!
11. Read the dialogue and put the words in the questions into the correct
order.
— Good morning! What, is, now, display, on?
— Now you can see the works of the Flemish school of fine arts.
— museum, Is, the, day, every, open?
— Yes, of course. We have many visitors.
— admission, is, How, fee, the, much, and, where, I, buy, can, a, book,
guide, the, museum, about?
— There is a souvenir shop right at the exit and the admission fee
is $2.
— When, start, does, excursion, the, next, and, to, in, permitted, pic-
tures, is, it, take, the, museum?
— No, you can buy postcards with images at the souvenir shop and
the next excursion starts at 12.
— Thank you very much.
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13. Read the text and choose the correct heading for each passage.
75
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a style of architecture from the 12th to the 16th century and later a
style of horror and mystery literature. Nowadays, goth is a modern
movement. They are non-violent, tolerant and passive.
Hipsters value independent thinking, progressive politics, appreci-
ate art and indie rock. They are also associated with a certain state
of mind and distinct fashion sensibilities. They are very independent
and never join those who keep the mainstream in fashion, music, etc.
Bikies own Harley-Davidson motorcycles or any other sort of bikes.
Bikies can be easily distinguished by the excessive amount of black
leather they wear, long hair, beards and, of course, tattoos. Bikies
can’t be found without tattoos. This subculture shouldn’t be confused
with bikers who ride any kind of bikes, too.
Bronies are very strange. Their subculture is one of the strangest
ones. A brony is a male fan of serials. These serials can be created
even for small children between the ages of five and eight. The bro-
ny subculture is so significant that their members even have conven-
tions, songs, dances and costumes.
The haul girl subculture is beginning to appear more and more fre-
quently nowadays. This subculture involves teenage girls who buy a
lot of things and display them on the Internet for people or the world
to see.
Young people aren’t only involved in different subcultures but they
are also engaged in studies, scientific and research work. In Ukraine
the “young scientists’ club” still exists, there young people can dis-
cuss or present their scientific investigations.
There is also a branch of Greenpeace youth organisation in our
country. This organisation protests against environmental pollution
and fights for the protection of nature for future generations. Young
people are taught to love their native land and the world that sur-
rounds them.
Some young people are involved in the work of church organisa-
tions where they not only help elderly people but also reconstruct our
historical monuments and monasteries. This work helps them be clos-
er to our history, teaches them to love our motherland and respect
its past.
There are a lot of different clubs. We can find them in all the
schools, gymnasiums, colleges, institutes, universities, academies
and other educational establishments. There are sports clubs, theatre
clubs, science clubs, “What? Where? When?” clubs, literary clubs and
lots more. They help young people bring out their brightest talents,
develop their physical and mental abilities, expand their knowledge in
different fields of science and life. Young people learn to work togeth-
er, share the moments of luck and failure, to be tolerant and creative.
Young people are also interested in the political life of the coun-
try as the future belongs to them. They have to develop our country
and preserve our Earth for the future generations. So many young
people are engaged in political parties and organisations such as “The
76 Greens” and “The Union of Youth”.
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Dive 14 The Youth Movement
Words to learn: 1. Work in class. Listen, read and discuss if it is really necessary to dare be
intelligence; the best you can.
oath; Dare Be
to promote; When a new day begins, dare smile gratefully.
sense; When there is darkness, dare be the first to shine a light.
consciousness; When there is injustice, dare be the first to condemn it.
fraternity; When something seems difficult, dare do it anyway.
to worsen; When life seems to beat you down, dare fight back.
to restrain; When there seems to be no hope, dare find some.
gift. When you’re feeling tired, dare keep going.
When times are tough, dare be tougher.
When love hurts you, dare love again.
When someone is hurting, dare help them heal.
When another is lost, dare help them find the way.
When a friend falls, dare be the first to extend a hand.
When you cross paths with others, dare make them smile.
When you feel great, dare help someone else feel great, too.
When the day has ended, dare feel as you’ve done your best.
Dare be the best you —
At all times, dare be!
Steve Maraboli
1. to dare [de3(r)] — відважуватися, мати сміливість
2. to condemn [k3n`dem] — засуджувати
3. tough [t2f] — міцний; стійкий; жорсткий
4. to extend [k`stend] — протягувати
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. intelligence [n`teld43ns] n the ability to think, to learn and to understand in a
proper way; to do all things well
2. oath [3\7] (pl. oaths [3\9z]) n a formal promise to do smth
3. to promote [pr3`m3\t] v to help smth develop; to encourage
4. sense [sens] n sight, hearing, etc.; feeling; understanding; mean-
ing
5. consciousness [`k5n63sn3s] n awareness; the state of being able to use your senses
and mental powers in order to understand what is
happening
6. fraternity [fr3`t-:n3ti] n a feeling of friendship and support of the members
of a group; a group of people sharing the same in-
terests and beliefs
7. to worsen [`w-:sn] v to deteriorate; to become or make smth worse than
it was before
8. to restrain [r`stren] v to keep under control; to stop smb/smth from doing
smth
80 9. gift [gft] n talent; a present
A B C D
1 have changed can changed have changing has changed
2 face faces is facing can faced
3 is caused are caused cause caused
4 many lots much most
5 are is been is being
6 were founded was founded is founded found
7 effectiveness to effect effective is effecting
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Saying thanks 4. Look through the text again and say which of the problems young peo-
Thank you. ple face are the most important in your opinion.
Thank you very
much. 5. Work in class. Discuss.
Thanks a lot.
Many thanks. 1. What youth organisation is the most numerous? Why?
That is very kind of 2. Are all youth organisations of Ukraine mentioned in the text in
you. your opinion?
3. What youth organisations have not been mentioned in the text?
4. Which of the youth organisations is the most effective in your
opinion? Why?
6. Work in pairs. Discuss and write down the most urgent problems young
people face in our country in your opinion. Present your ideas to the class-
mates.
Responding to
7. Work in groups. Discuss if young people want to highlight their prob-
lems and what forms of social actions can be taken. Think of some other
thanks
legal forms of social actions. Use the Internet and book resources if neces-
Not at all. sary. Present your ideas to the classmates.
No problem.
These expressions can help you:
That’s OK.
an art exhibition, an open performance, a social media campaign.
My pleasure.
It’s a pleasure.
Don’t mention it.
8. There are a lot of problems but some of them young people can over-
Any time.
come themselves. Read this poem by Mother Teresa and discuss. This poem
You’re welcome.
will help you in solving your problems.
Life is beauty. Admire it!
Asking for Life is mystery. Know it!
clarification Life is a game. Become a player.
Life is love. Enjoy it!
Sorry, what do you
Life is your dream. Realise it!
mean?
Does it mean…?
Life is a duty. Complete it!
Do you mean…? Life is a challenge. Meet it!
Can you repeat that, Life is an adventure. Dare it!
please? Life is a struggle. Accept it!
Would you mind Life is luck. Catch this moment!
repeating that, It’s your life. Choose it!
please? Life is a song. Sing it to the end!
Can you say it
again, please? 9. Homework. You’ve received a letter from your English pen friend, Jim.
Sorry, I didn’t quite He writes that young people face different problems in his country and asks
catch that. about youth problems in Ukraine. Write a letter of about 100—120 words
Could you repeat to your pen friend.
that more slowly,
please? Include the following:
problems young Ukrainians face in our country;
youth organisations of Ukraine;
82 ways of solving youth’s problems.
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. to advertise [`0dv3taz] v to tell people about a product or a service in
order to encourage them to buy or use it
2. flyer (flier) [`fla3(r)] n a small sheet of paper that advertises a product
to buy and is given to a large number of people
3. fundraising [`f2nd~rez8] n the act of collecting money for a charity or an
organisation Agreeing
4. disability [~ds3`bl3ti] n the state of not being able to use a part of your
Yes, I agree with
body completely or easily or to learn easily
you.
5. parental [p3`rentl] adj connected with a parent or parents
I completely agree.
6. to alter [`5:lt3(r)] v to make smb/smth different; to become diffe- I know for sure.
rent
I think you’re right.
7. awareness [3`we3n3s] n knowledge of smth; being interested in smth Right.
That’s right.
3. Read the text about the main results of research about the priorities of Absolutely.
young people. In order to clear up young people’s awareness of their rights I suppose so.
respondents were asked only one question: “Will you, please, choose from Exactly.
one up to three main goals or priorities in your life for the time being?” Work in
pairs. Tell your partner what new information you have learned.
A study conducted by the European Commission questioned 10,000
young people aged 15—18 across the European Union about children’s
rights. The results, detailed in Flash Eurobarometer 235: The Rights
of the Child (2008), show that 67 % of those questioned knew that
young people had specific rights. However, 76 % did not know what
these rights were and 79 % did not know how to go about defending
their rights, or whom to contact for help. 83
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Find the English Main Results of Research Priorities
meanings of these Engagement in social life. 54 % of young people have taken part
words:
in at least one of the civil initiatives during the last 12 months (in
рекламувати; terms of direct participation as well as financial support) — there is
флаєр; no statistically significant difference between men and women in this
збирання коштів на question. Most often youth has taken part in the initiatives in sup-
доброчинність; port of the Ukrainian Army (36 %), actions aimed at infrastructure
неспроможність; development in their residential area (19 %), assistance to displaced
непрацездатність; people and/or victims of military actions (16 %), assistance to chil-
батьківський; dren and adults in crisis situations, in political actions and environ-
материнський;
mental activities (14 % and 13 % respectively).
змінювати(ся);
88 % of the respondents indicated at least one of the civil initia-
обізнаність,
поінформованість.
tives in which they haven’t participated, but are interested to take
part. Among initiatives in which the majority of young people is pro-
Read them. spectively interested are assistance to children in crisis situations, ac-
tions to protect rights and interests that directly affect young people
or their families and friends (for example, against illegal construc-
tion); actions directed at infrastructure development in their residen-
tial area, fight against corruption.
38 % of those interviewed have taken part in civil society organ-
isations’ activities in the last 12 months. Young people participated
in volunteer initiatives, in charitable or humanitarian organisations’
initiatives and in the activities of sport or leisure organisations. Be-
sides, 2 % of those interviewed are members of youth civil society
organisations, and 6 % visit their certain events.
36 % of youth have volunteered at least once in their life, and
22 % have volunteered during the last 12 months (19 % of men and
25 % of women), 14 % haven’t volunteered during the last 12 months,
but have before. The most common fields of volunteer activity are
participation in territory cleaning and organising help for the needy.
64 % of the youth representatives follow political news in Ukraine.
Assessment of state policy effectiveness. Young people think that
the priority directions of state youth policy must be promotion of
youth employment and self-employment, assistance for youth hous-
ing, support of talented youth, spreading of healthy and safe lifestyle
among youth and support of youth who are in difficult circumstances.
50 % of youth haven’t heard about any activity directed toward
support of youth initiatives and youth problem solutions in their re-
gion at all.
Those who indicated that there are
some measures directed toward sup-
port of youth initiatives and youth
problem solutions in their region eval-
uated their benefit and efficiency. The
most beneficial and efficient directions
of youth work at the regional level are
sports events for youth (65 %), raising
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of youth national-patriotic awareness (61 %), support of talented
youth (59 %), development of youth volunteering (58 %). Instead, the
respondents think that the least efficient directions in this field are
assistance for youth housing (47 %) and support of youth who are in
difficult circumstances (42 %).
The awareness level of youth regarding organisations working with
youth (youth centres, clubs, groups) is very low. Only 3 % of those
interviewed visit such organisations, another 15 % know about such
organisations, but do not visit them. 18 % of the respondents have
only heard about the existence of such organisations. At the same
time, 26 % of the respondents consider development of youth centres
and clubs network as priority directions of state youth policy.
Answering the question about what activities must be realised by
youth organisations, the respondents mentioned first of all sharing
information on employment and starting own business opportunities,
training programmes to acquire different skills (computer literacy,
foreign languages, etc.) and different types of sports activities and
activities of creative groups and studios.
Only 4 % of those interviewed said that no activities of youth or-
ganisations are required.
(www.unicef.org)
4. Read the texts and discuss the questions in order to show your aware-
ness of your rights.
6. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words. Apologising
1. clash [kl06] n the difference between two things opposed I’m sorry for my
to each other; a conflict mistake.
2. distinctive [d`st8ktv] adj having a quality that makes smth easily no- I’m sorry for being
ticed late.
3. digital [`dd4tl] adj using a system of sending and receiving in- I’m really sorry.
formation electronically I’m awfully sorry.
4. contradiction [~k5ntr3`dk6n] n a lack of agreement between facts, actions, I apologise.
etc.
5. contradictory [~k5ntr3`dkt3ri] adj conflicting
6. entrepreneur [~5ntr3pr3`nç:(r)] n a person who makes money by running or
starting business
7. determination [d~t-:m`ne6n] n the quality that makes you continue doing
smth even when it is difficult
8. downturn [`da\ntç:n] n the time when the economy becomes weaker;
a fall in the amount of business that is done
9. upheaval [2p`hi:vl] n disruption; a big change that causes a lot of
problems
10. frugal [`fru:gl] adj using only as much money or food as it is
necessary
11. cautious [`k5:63s] adj not taking any risks; taking care to avoid
danger or mistakes
12. internship [`nt-:n6p] n a period of time during which a new gradu-
ate gets practical experience in a job
11. Play a game. Divide into two teams. In turns one team says a word
related to youth, the other team makes a sentence using this word. Each
correct sentence gets a point. The team with the most points is the winner.
12. Homework. Find information about a youth organisation that has not
been mentioned in the text from Ex. 10 and write a short paragraph about
it. Use the Internet and book resources if necessary. Present the results of
your work to the classmates.
Include the following:
the name of the organisation;
its main directions and activities;
the reasons for choosing it;
its benefits for society. 89
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Dive 16 Effects of Modern Technology
Words to learn: 1. Read and discuss these quotations. Do you agree or disagree with these
drawback; great people? Give your reasons.
wisdom;
Science is organised knowledge. Wisdom is organised life.
to update;
Immanuel Kant
crisis;
to emerge; Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind.
emergence; Albert Einstein
excessive; The saddest aspect of life right now is that science gathers knowl-
imposition. edge faster than society gathers wisdom.
Isaac Asimov
Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to
live forever.
Mahatma Gandhi
2. Work in groups. Complete the mind map. Present your ideas to the class-
mates.
Responding to
thanks TV
Not at all.
No problem. Science and
That’s OK. technology
My pleasure.
It’s a pleasure. inventions mobile phones
Don’t mention it.
Any time.
You’re welcome.
3. Work in groups. Warming-up. Carry out a survey. Present the results of
Expressing opinions your survey to the classmates. Discuss.
In my opinion,…
Find out someone who:
In my view,… didn’t send friends any written messages using a mobile phone yes-
I think (that)… terday.
Personally, I think… sent friends written messages using a mobile phone yesterday.
From my point of didn’t play computer games yesterday.
view… played computer games yesterday.
I’m not sure (if, didn’t use the Internet yesterday.
about)… used the Internet yesterday.
I don’t have a has come to school without a mobile phone.
definite opinion can’t imagine modern life without new technologies.
about that.
As I see you… 4. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
As I see it,… tences with these words.
I don’t think…
1. drawback [`dr5:b0k] n disadvantage
2. wisdom [`wzd3m] n the ability to make sensible decisions because of
90 the experience and knowledge you have
Read them.
1) All important changes that took a) we must continue to develop
place in the life of people in the science and technology for future
20th century and the beginning of generations.
the 21st century
2) New discoveries that have been b) are beneficial only for those
made in the natural sciences at the under whose control these means
end of the past and at the begin- of communication and mass media
ning of this century are.
3) But continuous improvement of c) the spiritual life of people,
technology is accompanied not only increased opportunities and facil-
by the growth of labour productiv- itated the ways to join the world
ity and culture.
4) The rapid increase and updating d) led to the emergence of a large
of scientific information number of new disciplines and sub-
jects and excessive curricula and
textbooks.
5) The desire to update the content e) were in one way or another
of learning, bringing it in line with connected with the scientific and
the new achievements of science, technological revolution.
6) The development of technical f) have influenced the understand-
means of communication and mass ing of the world and made possible
media influenced the practical use of laws of nature
and human activity.
7) But the rapid development of g) product quality, but also by job
technical means of communica- losses and the spread of unemploy-
tion and mass media had not only ment.
positive effects but negative effects
as well because of the imposition
of certain stereotypes of people’s
consciousness which
8) Nevertheless if we want to be h) affected the development of ed-
richer and stronger, if we want to ucation negatively and gave rise to
increase the duration of human life certain crisis in it.
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Agreeing 6. Work in class. Discuss. The desire to update the content of learning,
Yes, I agree with bringing it in line with the new achievements of science, led to the emer-
you. gence of a large number of new disciplines and subjects and excessive cur-
I completely agree. ricula and textbooks at schools. Do you agree with it? Give your reasons.
I know for sure.
I think you’re right. 7. Work in pairs. Read and choose the correct forms of the verbs to com-
Right. plete the sentences. Present the results of your work to the classmates.
That’s right.
Absolutely. 1. If I were a scientist, I will / would invent a universal cure to get
I suppose so. rid of AIDS and cancer.
Exactly. 2. If I were an astronaut, I will / would discover a new star.
3. We won’t / wouldn’t call our friends so often if we didn’t have
mobile phones.
Asking for 4. If we use the Internet, we will / would find the necessary infor-
someone’s opinion mation faster.
5. If he worked hard, he can / could enter university.
What do you think
6. If she wants, she will / would become a scientist.
of…?
7. I couldn’t take photos as I didn’t / don’t have a camera.
What do you think
about…?
What’s your
8. Work in pairs. Imagine your life without these things: cameras, mobile
opinion…?
phones, television sets, computers. Make your own sentences and write
What’s your view…?
them down. Use the first and second types of conditionals.
These expressions can help you:
If I didn’t have…; I wouldn’t…; I would…; I couldn’t…; I could…;
Apologising If I don’t have…; I won’t… .
I’m sorry for my
mistake. SPOT ON WRITING TIPS
I’m sorry for being
late.
For-and-against Essays
I’m really sorry. Writing essays discussing advantages and disadvantages of some-
I’m awfully sorry. thing.
I apologise. We usually write an essay in a formal style.
The first paragraph presents the problem without stating your
opinion.
The main body paragraphs present the points for and the points
against in separate paragraphs, supporting your arguments with
justifications or examples.
The last paragraph includes your opinion and a summary of the
topic.
Remember! To make a piece of writing more interesting to the read-
er, use certain techniques to start or end it such as:
addressing the reader directly. If you want to help the environment,
there are a lot of things that you can do;
using a quotation (a sentence/phrase from a book, a play, a maga-
zine, etc.).
using a rhetorical question (a question that makes a statement rath-
er than expecting an answer).
92
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Useful Hints
We use linkers to organise our ideas:
To list/add points:
Firstly, First of all, To start/begin with, Secondly, Finally, In addi-
tion, Furthermore, Moreover, Besides
To introduce/list advantages:
The first/Another advantage of…, One point in favour of…, Some peo-
ple feel/argue that…, Without a doubt/Certainly there are many argu-
ments…, It is often suggested/believed/argued that…
To introduce/list disadvantages:
The first/The main/One/Another disadvantage of…, One argument
against … is that…, Some/Many people are against … because…
To introduce examples/justifications:
For example/instance, such as, like, because, as, since, as a result,
therefore, in particular, for this reason, etc.
To show contrast:
On the other hand, However, In contrast, Although, Even though,
Nevertheless, Still, But, Despite/In spite of, etc.
To conclude:
In conclusion, To conclude/sum up, All in all, Finally, Taking
everything into account/consideration
To give your opinion:
I think/believe that…, I am strongly/totally in favour of…, In my opin-
ion/view, I am strongly/totally against…, It seems/appears to me that…
Suggested Answer
94
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Effects of Modern Technology Dive 17
Words to learn:
1. Read and discuss the quotation. Do you agree with Carl Sagan?
sin;
conscience;
Science is not only compatible with spirituality, it is a profound worship;
course of spirituality. humanity;
Carl Sagan sermon;
correlation;
violence;
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen- enlightenment;
tences with these words. insomnia;
consumer;
1. sin [sn] n an offence against God, a religious or moral law
producer;
2. conscience [`k5n63ns] n a feeling of guilt about smth you have done; the
to seek.
part of your mind that helps you know whether
your actions are wrong or right
3. worship [`w-:6p] n a strong feeling of love and respect for God or
for smb/smth
4. humanity [hju:`m0n3ti] n the quality of being kind to people and animals
5. sermon [`s-:m3n] n a talk on a moral or religious subject given by
a religious leader
6. correlation [~k1r3`le6n] n a connection between two things
7. violence [`va3l3ns] n physical or emotional force and energy that can
be used to hurt or kill smb
8. enlightenment [n`latnm3nt] n the process of understanding smth
9. insomnia [n`s5mni3] n sleeplessness; the condition of being unable to
sleep
10. consumer [k3n`sju:m3(r)] n a person who buys food or uses services
11. producer [pr3`dju:s3(r)] n a person, a company, etc. that makes or grows
food, goods, materials, etc.
12. to seek [si:k] (sought, sought) v to try to achieve something; to attempt
3. Listen, read and discuss. Say what sins are the most terrible in your
opinion. Give your reasons why you think so.
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is a marvellous way to learn about the world. You can simply turn
on your computer, and it will bring anything, from a classroom to a
gym, into your home.
A B C D
1 learning learned would learn learn
2 divided to divide dividing would divide
3 to produce producing produced are produced
4 have to have has having Disagreeing
8. Transform the students’ questions from Ex. 7 into indirect ones. Start
with the examples below.
1. The student asked what affected our lives greatly.
2. The student asked what, according to the studies, happened if you
spent a lot of time staring at a screen of a TV set.
98
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Effects of Modern Technology Dive 18
1. Read and discuss these quotations. Do we have to understand and real- Words to learn:
ise everything in our life? curiosity;
awe;
The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its eternity;
own reason for existence. One cannot help but be in awe when he to comprehend;
contemplates the mysteries of eternity, of life, of the marvellous merely;
structure of reality. It is enough if one tries merely to comprehend untold;
inequality;
a little of this mystery each day.
beneficiary;
Albert Einstein
victim;
to access;
Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. Now
incisive;
is the time to understand more, so that we may fear less.
tentacles;
Marie Curie hostility;
retail.
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. curiosity [~kj\3ri`5s3ti] n a strong desire to know about smth or to do
smth
2. awe [5:] n feelings of respect and slight fear
3. eternity [`t-:n3ti] n a period of time that seems to never end
4. to comprehend [~k5mpr`hend] v to understand smth fully
5. merely [`m3li] adv used to emphasise a fact or smth you are saying
6. untold [~2n`t3\ld] adj used to emphasise how great, small, etc. some-
thing is
7. inequality [~n`kw5l3ti] n the unfair difference between groups of people
in society
8. beneficiary [~ben`f63ri] n a person who gains as a result of smth
9. victim [`vktm] n a person who has been tricked
10. to access [`0kses] v to open a computer file in order to get or add
information
11. incisive [n`sasv] adj showing a good understanding of what is im-
portant
12. tentacles [`tent3klz] n the influence that a large organisation or sys-
tem has and that is hard to avoid
13. hostility [h5`stl3ti] n unfriendly behaviour or aggressive feelings to-
wards smb/smth
14. retail [ri:`tel] n selling of goods to the public through shops,
stores
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Find the English
meanings of these 3. Match the words and expressions to their definitions.
words:
100
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During every minute of every day
of 2014, according to Andrew Keen’s
new book, the world’s Internet users
— all three billion of them — sent
204 million emails, undertook four
million Google searches, shared 2,46
million pieces of Facebook content,
published 277,000 tweets, posted
216,000 new photos on Instagram
and spent $83,000 on Amazon. For a
network that has existed recognisably for barely 20 years the numbers
are astonishing: the Internet, plainly, has transformed our lives, mak-
ing so much of what we do every day — communicating, shopping,
finding, booking — unimaginably easier than it was.
So it takes a brave man to argue that there is another side of the
Internet. Keen, who was once so sure that the Internet was the answer
that he sank all he had into …(1), is now a thoughtful …(2) who believes
the Internet is actually doing untold damage. The net, he argues, was
meant to bring “power to the people, a platform for equality”. Instead,
it has handed extraordinary power and wealth to a tiny handful of
people, while simultaneously, for the rest of us, compounding exist-
ing inequalities — cultural, social and economic. Individually, it may
work wonders for us. Collectively, it’s doing no good at all. “It was
supposed to be a …(3)”, Keen declares. “The network’s users were sup-
posed to be its beneficiaries. But in a lot of ways, we are its victims”.
The numbers Keen reels off are …(4): Google, which now handles
3,5 billion searches daily and controls more than 90 % in some coun-
tries, including Britain, was valued at $400bn last year — seven
times more than the General Motors, which employs nearly four times
more people. Its two founders, Larry Page and Serhii Brin, are worth
$30bn apiece. Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg, head of the world’s sec-
ond biggest Internet site — used by 19 % of people in the world, half
of whom access it six days a week or more — is …(5), while at $190bn
in July last year, his company was worth more than Coca-Cola, Disney
and AT&T.
Jeff Bezos of Amazon is also worth $30bn. Uber, a five-year-old
start-up employing about 1,000 people, was valued last year at more
than $18bn — roughly the same as Hertz and Avis combined. The
700-staff lodging rental site Airbnb was valued at $10bn.
Part of the problem here, argues Keen, is that the digital econo-
my is, by its nature, …(6). “There are just certain structural qualities
that mean the Internet lends itself to monopolies. The Internet is a
perfect global platform for free-market capitalism — a pure, friction-
less, borderless economy”. Keen cites San Francisco writer Rebecca
Solnit’s incisive take on Google: “Imagine it is 100 years ago, and
the post office, the phone company, the public libraries, the printing
houses, Ordnance Survey maps and the cinemas were all controlled
by the same secretive and unaccountable organisation. Plus, he adds, 101
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Words to learn: “Google doesn’t just own the post office — it has the right to open
everyone’s letters”.
to eliminate;
smallpox;
This, Keen argues, is the net economy’s natural tendency: “Goo-
dementia; gle is the search and information monopoly, Uber’s about being the
polio; transport monopoly; Airbnb is the hospitality monopoly. These are
cancer; all, ultimately, monopoly plays — that’s the logic. And that should
germ; worry people”. It is already having consequences, Keen says, in the
gene; real world. Take surely the most …(7) — Amazon. Keen’s book cites
genetic; a 2013 American survey which found that while it takes, on average,
to inherit; a regular …(8) store’s 47 employees to generate $10m in turnover,
horrific; Jeff Bezos’s …(9), all-consuming and completely ruthless “Everything
advance; Store” achieves the same with 14. Amazon, that report concluded,
to alleviate, probably destroyed 27,000 US jobs in 2012.
lifespan;
“And we love it”, Keen says. “We all use Amazon. We strike this
to boost. (10)
… . It’s ultra-convenient, fantastic service, great interface, absurd-
ly cheap prices. But what’s the cost? Truly appalling working condi-
Responding to
tions; we know this. Deep hostility to unions. A massive impact on
thanks independent retail; savage bullying of publishers. Amazon has told us
what we want to hear. Bezos says, “This is about you, the consumer”.
Not at all. The problem is, we’re not just consumers. We’re citizens, too”.
No problem. (Adapted from The Guardian, 9 February 2015)
That’s OK.
My pleasure. 5. Work in groups. Discuss and write the arguments for the Internet. Pres-
It’s a pleasure. ent the results of your discussion to the classmates. The classmates have to
Don’t mention it. transform your presentation into indirect speech.
Any time.
You’re welcome.
6. Work in groups. Discuss and write the arguments against the Internet.
Present the results of your discussion to the classmates. The classmates
Asking for have to transform your presentation into indirect speech.
clarification
Sorry, what do you 7. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
mean? tences with these words.
Does it mean…?
1. to eliminate [`lmnet] v to get rid of smth/smb
Do you mean…?
Can you repeat that, 2. smallpox [`sm1:lp5ks] n med. a serious infectious disease that causes fe-
ver and often death
please?
Would you mind 3. dementia [d`men63] n med. a serious mental disorder caused by brain
repeating that, disease that affects the ability to think, remem-
ber and behave normally
please?
Can you say it 4. polio [`p3\li3\] (poliomyelitis med. an infectious disease that affects the central
again, please? [~p3\li3\`ma3`lats]) n nervous system and can cause paralysis or death
Sorry, I didn’t quite 5. cancer [`k0ns3(r)] n med. a serious disease which kills normal body
catch that. cells and often causes death
Could you repeat 6. germ [d4-:m] n med. a very small living thing that can cause
that more slowly, infection and disease
please? 7. gene [d4i:n] n biol. a unit inside a cell which controls a par-
ticular quality in a living thing that has been
passed on from parents
102
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8. genetic [d43`netk] adj relating to genes; received by animals, plants or Find the English
people from parents meanings of these
9. to inherit [n`hert] v to have the same qualities and physical features words:
as your parents
усувати, виключати;
10. horrific [h3`rfk] adj extremely bad, shocking; causing horror
віспа;
11. advance [3d`v%:ns] n the progress in a particular activity
слабоумство;
12. to alleviate [3`li:viet] v to ease; to make smth less painful поліомієліт;
13. lifespan [`lafsp0n] n the length of life рак (хвороба);
14. to boost [bu:st] v to become better or more successful; to make мікроб, бактерія;
smth increase ген;
генетичний;
8. Listen to the interview with a scientist about very serious diseases and успадковувати;
the ways of their treatment. Decide if these statements are true or false. жахливий;
поліпшення;
1. The last hundred years have seen many great achievements, among
прогрес; успіх;
them the greatest triumph — the advance of modern medicine. полегшувати (біль);
2. In the 20th and the 21st centuries all the serious diseases have been тривалість життя;
eliminated. підвищувати;
3. Some serious diseases remain. підсилювати.
4. There is some progress in treating dementia, Alzheimer’s disease.
5. People hope that by 2022 they will have seen the first disease-mod- Read them.
ifying treatment of dementia.
6. As for polio there is a cure but vaccination is necessary, too. Apologising
7. Genetic diseases are very serious too but scientists believe it will
become possible to carry out germline engineering reliably and ef- I’m sorry for my
mistake.
fectively within the next 20 years, with remarkable results.
I’m sorry for being
late.
9. Read the interview again, choose the main sentences in your opinion I’m really sorry.
and transform them into reported speech.
I’m awfully sorry.
I apologise.
10. Listen to the text about one of the famous Ukrainian scientists, L. Ka-
deniuk, for getting specific information and answer the questions.
Asking for
1. When and where was Leonid Kadeniuk born? someone’s opinion
2. Where did he get the perfect skills of a test pilot?
What do you think
3. When was he included in the group of Ukrainian astronauts?
of…?
4. Where did he go for space flight training in 1996?
What do you think
5. When did he make the first space flight? about…?
What’s your
11. Work in groups. Discuss. opinion…?
What’s your view…?
1. What famous Ukrainian scientists do you know?
2. What are they famous for?
3. What do you know about their lives?
1. What are the most important new technologies for solving world
problems in your opinion?
2. How is digital learning going to change schools and education? 103
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3. To what extent is the development of new technologies having a
negative effect?
4. How will new technologies change our lives in 25 years in your
opinion?
13. Play a game. Divide into two teams. In turns one team says a word
related to science and technology, the other team makes a sentence using
this word. Each correct sentence gets a point. The team with the most
points is the winner.
14. Homework. 1) Choose one of the famous Ukrainian scientists and write
a short paragraph about him/her or 2) write an essay about science and
technological progress in modern society.
Suggested Answer
There is no doubt that science is a systematic way which in-
volves observation and experimentation in order to get knowledge
and improve skills; whereas technology is the practical application
of science which helps in improving the quality of life.
What is more, scientific revolutions took its full speed from
the 20th century and have become more advanced in the 21st cen-
tury. We live in the modern world full of computers, automatic
devices, gadgets, cell phones and many other different interesting
and useful things that technological progress has given us for us-
age.
New inventions in the field of science and technology play a
great role in the daily lives of people and in making their lifestyle
advance. For instance, some of the biggest effects of technology
are in the area of communication; through the Internet and mobile
phones. Information technology has boosted in today’s generation;
from the field of communication, business, education, and to the
entertainment industry.
As a result of this, modern technology has changed the way
many companies produce their goods and handle their business.
The idea and use of video and web conferencing, for instance, has
helped companies remove geographical barriers giving them the
opportunity to reach out to employees and clients throughout the
world. Advances in medical technology have contributed immense-
ly in extending the lifespan of people. Science and technology in-
crease road safety. Another machine, the air conditioner, provides
cool comfort, especially in hot weather. Moreover, present-day fac-
tories have modern facilities like machines and software that fa-
cilitate production.
Taking everything into account, it would not be an exaggera-
tion to mention that technological progress in modern society is
really useful and necessary and makes our lives easier and more
interesting.
104
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In Harmony with Nature Dive 19
1. Read and discuss these quotations. Do we have to let selfish men skin Words to learn:
our country of its beauty, its riches or its romance? to concern;
substance;
Here is your country. Cherish these natural wonders, cherish the by-product;
natural resources, cherish the history and romance as a sacred poisonous;
heritage, for your children and your children’s children. Do not let interaction;
selfish men or greedy interests skin your country of its beauty, biodiversity;
its riches or its romance. disaster;
Theodore Roosevelt earthquake;
cyclone;
To take care of the planet is to take care of our own house. hurricane;
The Dalai Lama typhoon;
flood;
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen- tsunami;
tences with these words. drought;
tornado;
1. to concern [k3n`s-:n] v to affect smb; to involve smb avalanche;
2. substance [`s2bst3ns] n significance; a type of gas, liquid or solid with mudslide;
particular qualities landslide;
3. by-product [`bapr5d2kt] n a substance that is produced during the process to cherish.
of destroying or making smth else
4. poisonous [`p1z3n3s] adj toxic; venomous; harmful, causing illnesses or
death
5. interaction [~nt3r`0k6n] n an effect the two things have on each other
6. biodiversity [~ba3\da`v-:s3ti] n the existence of a large number of different
kinds of plants and animals that make a bal-
anced environment
7. disaster [d`z%:st3(r)] n a very bad accident, often natural
8. earthquake [`-:7kwek] n a sudden, violent shaking of the earth’s surface
9. cyclone [`sakl3\n] n a terrible tropical storm with strong winds
moving in a circle
10. hurricane [`h2rk3n] n a terrible storm with very strong winds
11. typhoon [ta`fu:n] n a violent tropical storm with very strong winds
12. flood [fl2d] n a large amount of water covering an area
13. tsunami [tsu:`n%:mi] n an extremely large wave in the sea caused by an
earthquake or smth else
14. drought [dra\t] n a long period of time with no rain
15. tornado [t1:`ned3\] n a violent storm with very strong winds which
spin more in a circle
16. avalanche [`0v3l%:nt6] n a large amount of snow, ice and rock falling
down the side of a mountain
17. mudslide [`m2dslad] n a large amount of mud sliding down a mountain
18. landslide [`l0ndslad] n a mass of earth, rock, etc. that falls down the
slope of a mountain
19. to cherish [`t6er6] v to love smb/smth very much and want to pro-
tect who or what you love
105
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Find the English
meanings of these 3. Match the words to their definitions.
words:
4. Read the names of these disasters. Say which disasters are natural and
which ones are caused by human errors. Can we avoid disasters which are
caused by human errors? What do you think?
Hurricane, typhoon, cyclone, earthquake, flood, nuclear explosion,
plane crash, avalanche, mudslide, drought, fire, shipwreck, tsunami,
volcanic eruption, landslide, tornado, war, explosions on ammunition
dumps.
5. Read the text below. For each of the empty spaces (1—10) choose the
correct answers (A, B, C or D).
Environmental Protection
We live in a magic, wonderful world. This world is our Earth. The
Earth means everything around us: air, water, land, all living crea-
tures and plants. It is our home. But today our planet is in serious
danger. The solution of ecological and environmental problems …(1) us
greatly …(2) the cooperation of all nations. The protection of the envi-
106 ronment …(3) one of the most burning problems of our century.
A B C D
1 to be
concerns concerning concerned
concerned
2 required requiring requires was required
3 to become became is becoming has become
4 harm harmful harmless harmfully
5 are has
disappeared to disappear
disappearing disappeared
6 to destroy destroyed was destroyed destroying
7 more most much many
8 have been
has been done to do done
done
9 to get got is getting are getting
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Conditionals
1. The zero conditional expresses situations that are always true
and refers to «all time», not just the present or future. We use Saying thanks
the zero conditional to state things that seem generally or always
Thank you.
true such as rules, scientific and economic laws, religious doc-
Thank you very
trines, guidelines.
much.
If-clause Main Clause Thanks a lot.
Many thanks.
If noun/pronoun + Present noun/pronoun + Present That is very kind of
Simple Simple you.
1) If we don’t water the flowers at home, they die.
2) If I drop an egg, it breaks.
3) If it rains, you get wet.
4) If you heat water to 100 °C, it boils.
We use a comma when the if-clause is the first but when the if-
clause follows the main clause, we don’t use a comma.
1) Flowers die if you don’t water them.
2) An egg breaks if I drop it.
2. We use the first conditional to talk about things that are normal,
possible and may happen in the future as a result of a possible
action or situation. We use the first conditional to give some ad-
vice or warnings, to make predictions, offers or promises, to state
instructions, to draw conclusions.
9. Read and choose the correct forms of the verbs to complete the sentences.
1. If we plant more trees, we will / would reduce air pollution.
2. If I had only one wish, I will / would ask our government to do
their best to protect our nature, our Earth.
3. If people all over the world realise the importance of our ecologi-
cal problems, our life will / would be safe.
4. If people want to survive, they will / would take care of our en-
vironment.
5. There would / will be less car fumes if we use public transport.
6. If we develop international cooperation, we will / would solve eco-
110 logical problems together.
10. Work in pairs. Complete the sentences and present them to your class- Asking for
mates. clarification
12. Work in groups. Imagine that you are students and have entered uni-
versity. Link your ideas to make up a story. Present your stories to the class- Expressing opinions
mates.
In my opinion,…
These expressions can help you:
In my view,…
If I entered university, I would … . I think (that)…
If I worked hard at university, I would … . Personally, I think…
If I got a good job, I … . From my point of
If I earned a lot of money, I … . view…
I’m not sure (if,
13. Work in class. Discuss. about)…
I don’t have a
1. Is it possible to combine modern technologies and the clear sky, definite opinion
pure water and air? Give your reasons. about that.
2. What is more important in your opinion — not to pay attention As I see you…
to ecological problems and think only about comfortable condi- As I see it,…
tions of your living or to protect our Earth and do your best to I don’t think…
live a happy life? Give your reasons why you think so.
3. Why cannot we stop polluting our Earth?
111
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Agreeing
15. Homework. Write an essay and describe one of the ecological problems
112 which exist in the region where you live and suggest its solution.
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. prosperity [pr5`sper3ti] n the state of being successful, having lots of
money and everything needed for a good life
2. startling [`st%:tl8] adj very attractive; stunning
3. sustainable [s3`sten3bl] adj using natural products and energy that do
not harm the environment
4. impact [`mp0kt] n the powerful effect on smb/smth
5. benefit [`benft] n a helpful and useful effect that smb/smth has
6. to provide [pr3`vad] v to make available; to give people smth they
need
7. sanitation [~s0n`te6n] n the equipment and systems that keep places
clean
8. lodging [`l5d48] n temporary accommodation
9. infrastructure [`nfr3str2kt63(r)] n the basic services: transport, water, build-
ings, etc.
10. to devastate [`dev3stet] v to destroy a place or an area completely
11. conservation [~k5ns3`ve6n] n protection of the natural environment
113
12. unbearable [2n`be3r3bl] adj intolerable; too painful or unpleasant
процвітання;
приголомшливий;
стійкий,
Ecotourism is
життєздатний;
поштовх, імпульс;
associated with
вигода;
постачати;
protection
санітарія;
тимчасове житло;
інфраструктура;
спустошувати;
4. Match the words to make the expressions. Think and add your own ex-
pressions which have not been mentioned in the table given below. Make
зберігання;
some sentences with the expressions from the table or your own ones.
нестерпний.
Read them.
1. local a) contributions
2. additional b) photographs
3. to protect c) ecological problems
4. to respect d) tourism
5. to take e) the environmental pollution
6. problems of f) the local environment greatly
7. to face g) communities
8. to damage h) infrastructure
9. educational i) animals, birds, plants
10. to make j) culture and traditions of other people
11. to provide funds for k) resources
12. representatives of l) solving ecological problems
13. sanitation m) as possible
14. to pick up n) knowledge
15. to pollute o) water, air and land
16. to deepen p) rare flowers
17. as much q) facilities
18. an ecological r) conservation
19. ways of s) ecological organisations
Ecotourism
Since life first appeared on the Earth about four billion years ago,
there had been tremendous changes. And nowadays our comfort …(1)
by destroying nature and creating crises on our planet. We destroy
landscapes of great wonder and beauty, we destroy our natural re-
sources to skin and exhaust the land. Dirty air, polluted water and
land cause many illnesses among people. A lot of animals and birds
on the Earth …(2) now. The names of these animals and birds can be
seen only in the Red Book.
Taking into consideration the problems of our Earth: industrial-
isation, overpopulation, environmental pollution, a low level of peo-
ple’s ecological education, millions and millions of tourists, we face
disastrous effects on nature and wildlife that can lead to significant
environmental degradation.
Everything we do …(3) an impact on wildlife. Nowadays such words
as green tourism, biotourism, nature tourism, sustainable tourism,
educational tourism, cultural tourism and others …(4) but they all
don’t have much to do with ecotourism. So what is ecotourism?
According to the definition of the World Conservation Union eco-
tourism is “environmentally responsible travels to natural areas, in
order to enjoy and appreciate nature (and accompanying cultural fea-
tures, both past and present) that promote conservation, have a low
visitor impact and provide for beneficially active socio-economic in-
volvement of local peoples”.
So ecotourism has a save-the-planet goal. As ecotourism is trav-
elling to unpolluted natural areas with rare flora and fauna first we
must think about the protection of these areas and preservation of
115
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ecotourism for future generations. The representatives of ecotourism
say that it …(5) tourists the opportunity to broaden their minds, dis-
cover new ways of life, deepen their knowledge in history, biology and
geography and lots more. Ecotourism helps in providing funds for
conservation and benefits the economic development of local commu-
nities because tourists make voluntary contributions, use local trans-
portation, hotels and markets that provide local people with jobs. It’s
a great blessing for them.
All these aspects are advantages of ecotourism. But there are dis-
advantages of ecotourism as well. Tourists require additional infra-
structure such as sanitation facilities, lodging, etc. If local commu-
nities cannot offer these conditions, the results will be devastating.
First of all the increasing number of tourists who …(6) understand
the negative aspects of their visits, don’t know how to behave and
don’t follow the main rule — “don’t leave anything behind you and
take nothing away except photographs” — may damage the local en-
vironment greatly.
So before …(7) a natural area tourists have to learn as much as
possible about its flora, fauna, local people, culture, traditions and
history. They don’t have to pollute water, land, disturb wild animals,
pick up rare flowers, buy souvenirs made from the skin of endangered
animals or leaves of rare plants, leave waste behind them. If they …(8)
much about this area, they will get more out of their trip.
Everybody …(9) remember the basic rules:
— learn about the place you are going to visit;
— minimise an ecological impact: walk or bike instead of driving,
use non-polluting forms of transportation whenever you can; don’t
waste resources;
— respect local people, their community, values, culture and tra-
ditions, ask permission to take photographs;
— provide financial benefits for local people: buy local products,
stay in local hotels, eat in local restaurants and pay a fair price for
everything you buy and use.
If you keep to these rules, the environment …(10). Conservation and
a careful attitude to the environment are very important as nature is
very fragile and we have to take great care of it. Well-organised eco-
tourism can do much for preserving nature, the well-being of locals
and for man on the whole.
A B C D
1 is paying is paid pay are paid
2 have disappearing disappears are
disappeared disappearing
3 to have had has have had
4 can be heard to hear have heard hearing
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A B C D
5 are given had given to give gives
6 don’t doesn’t to do doing
7 to visit visiting is visiting are visiting
8 know knew would know knows
9 has to had to have are having
10 to protect will be would protect protected
protected
7. Read and choose the correct forms of the verbs to complete the sen-
tences.
1. If we stop cutting down trees, it will / would help supply oxygen
to the atmosphere and we won’t / wouldn’t have breathing prob-
lems.
2. If factories had put filters on chimneys, the air would be / would
have been cleaner.
3. If factories and plants didn’t / don’t pour their waste into rivers
and lakes, birds, fish and plants wouldn’t die.
4. If we hadn’t used so many chemicals to grow vegetables last year,
the food would be / would have been healthier to eat.
5. If we stop / stopped polluting the environment, the world will be
a safer place to live in.
6. Many species of animals and birds wouldn’t lose / wouldn’t have
lost their habitat if we had controlled the level of pollution be-
fore.
7. Life will not / wouldn’t be so unbearable if we reduced global
warming.
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8. If we are unable to use the environment carefully and to protect
it from man’s destructive activities, we will / would have no world
to live in.
9. If people don’t throw / didn’t throw litter, the streets will be
cleaner.
10. If you were a President, what will / would you do?
8. Work in pairs. People all over the world try to help nature. And what
about you? Discuss and say what you can do personally to protect our
Earth. Present the results of your work to the classmates.
Disagreeing These words and expressions can help you:
Yes, but… not to drop litter, to save as much water as possible, not to throw
True, but… products away, to use both sides of a piece of paper, to collect
I can’t agree with and recycle paper, to plant trees, bushes and flowers, not to cut
you. down and burn trees, to use public transport as often as possible,
I disagree with you. not to buy things made from rare or endangered species, to destroy
I’m afraid I disagree squares, playgrounds or parks, to start using bicycles, to force our
with you. government to improve public transport, to take care of animals,
I’m not sure that’s not to kill animals and birds, not to drop litter in classes, corridors,
right. streets, squares, forests and fields, to turn off TV sets, computers,
I agree to some electric lights if you are not using them, to educate people, to raise
extent, but…
public awareness of endangered species and of the importance of
I’m not sure I can
protecting nature, to make ecological projects and present them to
accept that.
There might be
people.
some truth in that,
but… 9. Complete the table.
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Asking for
clarification
11. Your teacher has asked you to carry out a project about ecological problems
in our country. Use the plan below to help you.
What ecological problems are the most serious in our country?
What can we personally do to make our city, town or village cleaner?
What can we do to save energy in our everyday life? 119
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Dive 21 In Harmony with Nature
Words to learn:
1. The global problem of mankind consists of three main problems. Each
abundance; main problem consists of other problems. Read these problems and com-
serene; plete the table.
pasture; Main problems: interaction of nature and society and their relations,
narcissus; problems of humans and their relations, problems of human develop-
incredible.
ment in future.
Other problems: overpopulation, various wars in the world, explosions
on ammunition dumps, pollution of water, air, land, soil, nature,
noise from transport, people and vibrations, exploitation of women
and children, destruction of wildlife, nature and natural resources,
famine, unemployment, diseases, using of nuclear energy, poverty,
killing each other with various weapons.
Read them.
5. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
Arguments
1. abundance [3`b2nd3ns] n a large quantity when it is more than enough
To start with…
2. serene [s3`ri:n] adj calm and peaceful
First of all…
3. pasture [`p%:st63(r)] n land covered with grass that is suitable for
Firstly,…
feeding animals
Secondly,…
4. narcissus [n%:`ss3s] a yellow or white flower that appears in spring The main reason
(pl. narcissi [n%:`ssa]) n
is…
5. incredible [n`kred3bl] adj extremely good; unbelievable On the one hand,…
On the other
6. Work in pairs. Discuss these problems. Present the results of your discus- hand,…
sion to the classmates. Well, the thing is
that…
1. What are the main threats to the environment today? And finally…
2. Can we protect the environment? All in all…
3. Do you do anything to protect the environment?
4. What problems is your city (town, village) facing?
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Expressing opinions
7. Work in class. Discuss.
In my opinion,…
In my view,… 1. Do you agree that we live on a contaminated planet? Why? Give
I think (that)… your reasons.
Personally, I think… 2. Do you agree that environmental problems are connected only
From my point of with the economy?
view…
3. And what can you say about people’s activities? Do we do a lot of
I’m not sure (if,
harm to nature?
about)…
I don’t have a
4. What disasters are caused by people’s activities?
definite opinion 5. What can we do to protect nature?
about that. 6. What is the role of nature reserves?
As I see you… 7. Are they important for our Earth? Give your reasons.
As I see it,…
I don’t think… 8.
Divide the class into 5 groups. At first all the pupils read the beginning
of the text then the groups have to read different texts. Then each group
presents their information to the classmates. The pupils of the other groups
make notes. Name the most interesting reserve which is worth visiting in your
opinion. Give your reasons.
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these unique and ornamental plants and trees are endangered. The
reserve’s zoo has become home to more than 450 species of exotic
animals and birds. They are antelopes, zebras from India and Africa,
Scottish ponies, wild Przewalski’s horses, flamingos, emus, bustards,
cranes, white and black swans, parrots and many other rare animals
and birds.
The Carpathian National Park
The Carpathian National Park is one of the oldest and largest na-
tional parks in Ukraine, too. It is located in the very heart of the
Carpathian mountains in the western part of Ukraine and covers a
territory of more than 50 thousand hectares. It stretches across vast
mountain ranges. It includes majestic mountains and picturesque
valleys, mountain pastures, crystal lakes and pure rivers. The park
amazes tourists with a striking variety of flora and fauna. Its flora
and fauna are very rich. There are a lot of different plants. Many of
these plants are listed in the Red Book. There are almost 200 species
of animals and birds. Tourists can see the highest mountain of the
Carpathians — Goverla and the Guk waterfall — the gems of the na-
tional park.
The Narcissus Valley
One of the most striking natural reserves in Ukraine is the Nar-
cissus Valley. Annually thousands of tourists come to Ukraine to en-
joy the fragrance of refined yellow and white narcissi. Nowadays the
Narcissus Valley is the only place in the world where these wonderful
flowers grow. Narcissi are in full blossom almost the whole of May.
Shatski Lakes National Park
Shatski Lakes National Park is the most famous park in West-
ern Ukraine. The national park covers an area of about 33 thousand
hectares. There are 22 lakes with absolutely pure water and green
forests around them in this region. They are called the “blue eyes”
of Volyn. Svitiaz is the second largest natural lake of Ukraine and
one of the country’s deepest lakes. It is four times deeper than the
Azov Sea.
Buhskyi Guard National Park
Buhskyi Guard National park is located in the picturesque valley of
the Southern Buh in Mykolaiv region. This park is the oldest dry-land
area with amazing landscapes: majestic canyons, rocky river banks
on which hundreds of rare animal and bird species live and unique
plants grow. Many of these species are considered to be endangered.
The Aktovskyi canyon is the only one in Europe which resembles the
shapes of the famous North American canyons. The Aktovskyi canyon
is a unique natural habitat of forest and water ecosystems. It is not
only the place to go sightseeing but it is the place for doing extreme
sports: rafting, climbing rocks or the Aktovskyi canyon’s walls.
The aims of nature reserves are to preserve and restore the very
rare animals, birds, fish, plants, and trees, unique landscapes for the
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Agreeing future generations. Of course we can visit all our nature reserves and
enjoy going sightseeing but first we must think about their preser-
Yes, I agree with
you.
vation. We have to do our best to protect our native land. And there
I completely agree. can be no doubt that we’ll protect it.
I know for sure. (Adapted from www.discover-ukraine.info)
I think you’re right.
Right. 9. Work in groups. Divide into three groups and complete the table.
That’s right.
Absolutely.
I suppose so. Reserves Location What this reserve is
Exactly. famous for
10. Read the poem written by the Ukrainian poet Volodymyr Sosiura, “Love
Ukraine”, and choose the key sentences in your opinion. Read them aloud
and discuss in class.
Love Ukraine
Love your Ukraine, love as you would be the sun,
The wind, the grass and the streams together…
Love her in happy hours, when joys are won,
And love her in her time of stormy weather.
Love her in happy dreams and when awake,
Ukraine in spring’s white cherry-blossom veil,
Her beauty is eternal for your sake,
Her speech is tender with the nightingale.
As in a garden of fraternal races,
She shines about the ages… Love Ukraine
With all your heart, and with exultant faces
Let all your deeds her majesty maintain.
For us she rides alone on history’s billows,
In the sweet charm of space she rules apart…
For she is in the stars, is in the willows,
And in each pulse-beat of her people’s heart,
In flowers and tiny birds, and lights that shine,
In every epic and in every song,
In a child’s smile, in a maiden’s eyes divine,
And in the purple flags above the throng…
Youth! For her sake give your approving laughter,
Your tears, and all you are until you die…
For other races you’ll not love hereafter,
Unless you love Ukraine and hold her high!...
124 Young woman! As you would her sky of blue,
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14. Read the poem written by Ihor Shashkov, a teacher of English in “Lead-
er” Kyiv-Pecherskyi Lyceum № 171. Discuss and say what freedom, honour,
sovereignty and wisdom mean to you.
15. Play a game. Divide into two teams. In turns one team says a word related to
protection of nature, the other team makes a sentence using this word. Each correct
sentence gets a point. The team with the most points is the winner.
16. Homework. Choose and write a letter or an article. Here are two sug-
gested answers.
1) You have just come back from a holiday. Write a letter to a pen
friend telling him/her about your holiday.
Suggested Answer
Dear Tom,
Well, I’d like to tell you something about my winter holidays.
It’s the time when pupils are able to get some rest from school,
homework, daily routine and devote more time to different hob-
bies. Some people are couch potatoes, they detest adventures and
prefer lying on the sofa, others are adventure seekers and they
prefer active leisure and exercises. As for me, I prefer something
between a couch potato and an adventure seeker.
Actually, there are plenty of interesting places to visit and
things to get to know in Ukraine like the Carpathian Mountains
situated in the west of Ukraine. The mountains are amazing for
skiing and sledging. In the forest you can admire different ani-
mals, and I have been so lucky that I have seen the lynx!
An exciting town of Yaremche is situated in the Carpathian
Mountains. I went there last winter in search of a marvellous, re-
laxing holiday, and I certainly wasn’t disappointed. The town is
surrounded by fantastic scenery: amazing snowy mountains, clean
lakes and exciting forests. The weather during my visit was so
snowy that it created a wonderful and fabulous atmosphere. The
scenery was excellent, so I made a lot of photos.
I had a holiday of a lifetime in the Carpathian Mountains. With
friendly people and fascinating natural surroundings, I would cer-
tainly recommend it to anyone who wants to go on a holiday in
future.
Anyway, I’d better be going. Hope to contact you via Viber soon!
Miss you,
Ann
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2) A teen magazine has asked its readers to write an article about
wildlife parks in your country.
Include the following:
the reason for your choice;
description of the place;
why we need such places.
Suggested Answer
128
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The Place of Ukraine in the World Dive 22
1. Read and discuss these quotations. Do you agree with the gist of these Words to learn:
quotations? Give your reasons. abuse;
neglect;
Bringing countries together above their conflicts requires great vicious;
minds and great hearts. to cope;
Amit Ray negotiations;
International peace negotiations need more value creation than val- to claim;
steering committee
ue claiming. The more we create value for peace and development,
(steering group);
the easier it is going to be to claim value for nuclear weapons
sketch;
free world. onslaught;
Amit Ray unlimited;
The responsibility of tolerance lies with those who have the wider tolerance;
vision. issue.
George Eliot
Unlimited tolerance must lead to the disappearance of tolerance.
If we extend unlimited tolerance even to those who are intolerant,
if we are not prepared to defend a tolerant society against on-
slaught of the intolerant, then the tolerant will be destroyed, and
tolerance with them. We should therefore claim, in the name of
tolerance, the right not to tolerate the intolerant.
Karl Popper
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. abuse [3`bju:s] n the use of smth in a wrong or harmful way
2. neglect [n`glekt] n the state of not receiving or giving enough care or
attention
3. vicious [`v63s] adj brutal; violent and cruel
4. to cope [k3\p] v to manage; to deal successfully with smth difficult
5. negotiation [n~g3\6`e6n] n discussion between people who are trying to reach
an agreement
6. to claim [klem] v to demand smth because you believe it is your le-
gal right to have it
7. steering committee a group of people that a government or an
(steering group) organisation chooses to direct an activity of this
[`st3r8 k3`mti] n committee: what to do and how to do it
8. sketch [sket6] n a short report that gives only basic details about
smth
9. onslaught [`5nsl1:t] n a strong or violent attack against/on smb/smth
10. unlimited [2n`lmtd] adj not restricted in any way (number, quantity, level,
etc.)
11. tolerance [`t5l3r3ns] n the willingness to accept smb/smth
12. issue [`6u:; `sju:] n a problem that smb has with smth 129
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Find the English
3. Read the text below. For each of the empty spaces (1—5) choose the
meanings of these
correct answers (A, B, C or D).
words:
A B C D
1 to organise organised is organising were organised
2 are asked to ask asks were asked
3 did is doing done are done
4 to be was were been
5 did doing are doing has done
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FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
There are five types of clauses: defining and non-defining relative
clauses; participle clauses, infinitive clauses and clauses of concession.
1. We use defining relative clauses to say exactly what person or
thing you are talking about in order to give essential information.
We cannot remove the relative clause as the sentence doesn’t make
any sense without it.
2. We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra (further) informa-
tion about the person or thing we are talking about. We can remove
the non-defining relative clause and still understand the sentence.
3. We use participle clauses to explain the reason or something.
After doing my homework, I went for a walk.
After having done my homework, I went for a walk.
Being tired, we stopped to have a rest.
Having been tired, we couldn’t do that work.
We use participle clauses to talk about actions happening at the
same time.
Sitting on the bench, I could watch children playing in the yard.
Singing an English song, I learned new words.
We use participle clauses to talk about actions happening in se-
quence.
Having learned English, I could go to London.
Having graduated from university, I could work as an interpreter.
We use participle clauses as an alternative passive or conditional
form.
Given my mother’s permission, I began to train (in order) to drive
a car. (When I was given a permission.)
Given permission, I would drive a car. (If I was given permission.)
4. We use infinitive clauses to start a sentence.
To be successful in life is the dream of many teenagers.
(It is the dream of many teenagers to be successful in life.)
To be a good specialist is my dream.
(It is my dream to be a good specialist.)
We use infinitive clauses after the verb to be.
My goal is to learn English perfectly.
His future job is to construct new houses.
5. We use clauses of concession with such words, phrases and struc-
tures: although, though, in spite of, despite, while, whereas, howev-
er, as she tried, much as he tried, however hard it might be, even if.
Even if is used to emphasise that if something happens, another sit-
uation remains the same.
Despite working hard, he failed his exams.
In spite of the fact that she worked hard, she failed her exams.
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4. Read Anna Kozachenko’s report about her participation in the work of
the forum for children and families. Find relative and participle clauses and
write them out. Explain your choice.
Initiated by the Council of Europe, the Forum for Children and
Families, which I was lucky to participate in, meets twice a year in
Strasbourg. Speaking about the forum itself, it has been set up to
address and discuss issues related to children and families, and so it
brought together major international actors in the field of children’s
affairs including national representatives, non-governmental and gov-
ernmental organisations, steering committees of the Council of Eu-
rope, experts and, the most important, children themselves. This year
there were young people participating from Poland, Romania, Malta,
Finland, Ireland, Azerbaijan, Ukraine and Croatia. The meeting was
opened by Mrs Maud de Boer-Buquicchio, Deputy Secretary General
of the Council of Europe.
During the first day of the forum the results of the work of the
forum’s subordinate groups were discussed. I found it was the most
interesting to listen to the reports of the working group of children
at risk and in care with their final report on children’s rights. The
next most exciting item, which was discussed, was the need of an om-
budsperson for children, which had already been the topic for the pre-
vious debates. On the first day of the forum, the young people were
the observers of what was happening. We had been listening to all
the arguments and discussions and, of course, were able to comment
on and share our opinions.
The second day was mostly dedicated to the presentation of the
132 young people. During our preparatory meeting with Mr Anthony
133
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Dive 23 The Place of Ukraine in the World
Words to learn: 1. Read and discuss these quotations. What is the gist of these quotations?
inclusion; Give your reasons.
integration;
proactive; A great deal of world politics is a fundamental struggle, but it is
to foster. also a struggle that has to be waged intelligently.
Zbigniew Brzezinski
International politics, like all politics, is a struggle for power.
Hans J. Morgenthau
The key to resolving international conflict with a positive outcome
includes looking for a win-win situation, finding common ground,
formulating proactive strategies, using effective negotiation and
communication, and appreciating cultural differences.
Amit Ray
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. inclusion [n`klu:4n] n the action of including or being included in a
group or structure
2. integration [~nt`gre6n] n the action or process of successful joining a
group or society
3. proactive [pr3\`0ktv] adj taking actions by causing changes rather than
just responding to changes when they happen
4. to foster [`f5st3(r)] v to encourage smth to develop
3. Listen to the text and decide if these statements are true or false.
4. Read a pupil’s story about an excursion to the British Council and an-
swer the questions.
I would like to share my impressions about our excursion to the
British Council. We wanted to learn how it operates, how it can help
us in learning English. It was quite a revelation. There you can find
out how to get involved with one of the projects or initiatives.
We have found out that in the British Council you can explore the
creativity of the contemporary UK, its cultural diversity and recent
achievements. Whatever you want to learn, and whichever way you
134 prefer to learn, the British Council can support your studies. It can
6. Read and choose the correct words to complete defining and non-defin-
ing relative and participle clauses.
1. My classmate wrote a note to invite / inviting me to visit the
British Council.
2. We spent two hours in the British Council to enjoy / enjoying
contemporary British films. 135
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3. There we met our friend who / which was studying English
through listening to authentic texts.
4. To find / Having found a lot of additional materials in English,
we decided to attend short-time courses to prepare for exams.
5. Having had / To have some lessons, we realised we’d learn English.
6. Given / Giving a chance, we’d do our best.
7. Given / To give an opportunity, I began to feel better.
8. I’ll never forget the day when I decided / having decided to go on
an excursion to the British Council.
9. — Who is this girl sitting / having sat in front of me? — This is
my sister.
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Present and Past Participles as Adjectives
Some participles can be used as adjectives in the present or past form.
1. The excursion was so good and informative that we were very ex-
citing / excited.
2. There is an amusing / amused programme on TV now.
3. The instructions for the device made them confusing / confused.
4. Many people are often scaring / scared of spiders.
5. She is not really interesting / interested in gymnastics.
6. It was a shocking / shocked incident for the citizens of the village.
7. She was really tiring / tired after washing the car.
8. Having received a bad mark at the exam he was not satisfying /
satisfied at all.
8. Homework. Your teacher has asked you to share your impressions about
your excursion to any international organisation.
Include the following:
the reason for going on an excursion;
the activities of the organisation;
136 your suggestions.
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. to expose [k`sp3\z] v to tell the true facts showing what it is like
2. fully-fledged (full-fledged) completely developed; with all the qualifications
[~f\li`fled4d] adj necessary for smth
3. bilateral [~ba`l0t3r3l] adj involving two groups of people or two coun-
tries
4. reciprocal [r`spr3kl] adj involving two groups of people who agree to
help each other or behave in the same way to
each other
5. to endeavour [n`dev3(r)] v to strive; to try very hard to do smth
6. reduction [r`d2k6n] n the state of being made less or smaller
7. framework [`fremw-:k] n the structure of a particular system
8. commitment [k3`mtm3nt] n a promise to support smb/smth
9. to favour [`fev3(r)] v to provide suitable conditions for a particular
country, group, etc.
10. reconciliation [~rek3nsli`e6n] n an end to a disagreement and the start of
a good relationship again
11. external [k`st-:nl] adj happening or coming from an outside organisa-
tion, country, etc.
виставляти,
показувати;
повноцінний,
розвинутий;
двобічний;
взаємний;
докладати зусиль;
зменшення;
структура;
рамки;
межі;
зобов’язання;
підтримувати;
сприяти; As Ukraine has many highly developed up-to-date technologies and
примирення; scientific institutions, scientific cooperation is greatly significant for
зовнішній. us and our foreign partners. Joint projects in different branches of
science favour further development of science in general. Fruitful
Read them.
cooperation between higher educational establishments of Europe,
participation in international scientific conferences, meetings with
world-known specialists and experts at the prominent universities of
the world broaden our contacts.
Contacts in the political sphere help organise different commis-
sions, whose main aim is discussing and solving different problems
to help Ukraine overcome economic crises and develop new democracy.
The cultural cooperation of Ukraine with other countries is one
of the most active and successful. Art festivals, sports competitions,
world-renowned international projects, displays of musical arts great-
ly contribute to the popularisation of Ukrainian culture and tradi-
tions.
Arguments
Contacts in Contacts in Contacts in Contacts in
To start with… the economic the scientific the political the cultural
First of all… sphere sphere sphere sphere
Firstly,…
Secondly,…
The main reason
is…
On the one hand,…
On the other 4. Work in groups. Discuss. Present the results of your discussion to the
hand,… classmates.
Well, the thing is
that…
1. What do you know about the international relations of Ukraine
And finally… with other countries?
All in all… 2. Have you visited any international events? Can you tell your
classmates about this event?
3. Name the countries which are the best partners of Ukraine in
138 your opinion. Give your reasons.
A B C D
1 began beginning begins to begin
2 to establish was established were establishes
established
3 were opened was opened opened opens
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A B C D
4 to conclude were concluded concluded was
concluded
5 endeavours endeavoured to endeavour are
endeavouring
6 to acquaint have acquainted has acquainted acquaints
7 had favoured favours favouring has favoured
8 is to be are were
9 to continue continues was continued continued
10 to present has presented were presented presents
7. Make as many sentences as you can using the table. Write them down.
141
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Programme supports strategic development initiatives to promote in-
clusive growth and sustainable human development. UNDP strives to
support Ukraine in its efforts in poverty reduction, develop people’s
capacity, achieve equitable results, sustain the environment, and ad-
vance democratic governance.
The European Union. The EU-Ukraine Association Agreement is
the legal basis and framework for EU-Ukraine relations, aiming at po-
litical association and economic integration. Both sides accepted mu-
tual commitments to develop a close and lasting relationship based on
common values. The most important are the Ukrainian Government’s
commitments to fully implement democratic principles, rule of law,
good governance, human rights and fundamental freedoms. The main
role of the EU in Ukraine is not only to provide assistance in various
areas, but also to maintain a positive external pressure on the nation-
al Government in order to meet its own commitments and to deliver
what Ukrainian people need.
NATO. In the early 90s newly independent Ukraine joined the
North Atlantic Cooperation Council (1991) and the Partnership for
Peace Programme (1994). In 1997 the parties signed the Charter on
a Distinctive Partnership and established the NATO-Ukraine Com-
mission.
Nowadays NATO has reinforced its support for Ukraine giving pri-
ority to comprehensive security and defence sector reform, strength-
ening national capability to defend itself by providing a wide range
of advisory, technical, financial assistance, conducting training and
joint military exercises, establishing new trust funds.
OSCE. Covering 57 states from Europe, Central Asia and North
America, OSCE is the world’s largest regional security organization.
The purpose is to promote fair elections, human rights and freedom
of media. It also deals with preventing conflicts, crisis management
and post-conflict recovery. In addition to monitoring, OSCE is con-
ducting a number of activities aimed at reconciliation, promoting na-
tional dialogue, supporting reforms, etc.
(ua.undp.org, eeas.europa.eu, nato.int, osce.org,
Ukraine-analytica.org)
10. Play a game. Divide into two teams. In turns one team says a word
related to the topic of Ukraine in the world, the other team makes a sen-
tence using this word. Each correct sentence gets a point. The team with the
most points is the winner.
11. Homework. Write an e-mail to your pen friend telling him/her about
a social event you have visited.
Include the following:
the reason for taking part in this event;
the activities which have taken place there;
your impressions of it.
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Gateway to the USA Dive 25
1. Warming-up. What do you know about the United States of America?
Answer the questions. Give short answers and write them down.
1. How many states do the USA consist of?
2. What are the biggest cities, mountains chains, lakes and rivers of
the USA?
3. What are the natural wonders of the USA?
4. What is the population of the USA?
5. Why is the country called the “New World” or a young coun-
try?
6. Who was the first president of the USA?
7. What other famous presidents do you know?
8. What traditional American food is known not only in Ukraine but
also all over the world?
Asking for 3. Work in pairs. Read the text again and choose the most interesting in-
clarification formation about the USA in your opinion. Discuss it with your partner. Pres-
ent the results of your discussion to the classmates.
Sorry, what do you
mean?
Does it mean…? 4. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
Do you mean…? tences with these words.
Can you repeat that,
please? 1. nonproliferation a limit to the increase of nuclear and chemical
[~n2npr3~lf3`re6n] n weapons that are produced
Would you mind
repeating that, 2. to safeguard [`sefg%:d] v to protect smth from loss, harm or damage; to
please? keep smth safe
Can you say it 3. expatriation [~eks~p0tri`e6n] n the process of removal a person from their own
again, please? country by force or law
Sorry, I didn’t quite
4. commodity [k3`m5d3ti] n a product or a raw material that can be brought
catch that.
or sold
Could you repeat
that more slowly, 5. jurisdiction [~d4\rs`dk6n] n the authority that an official organisation has
please? to make decisions about smb/smth
6. domestic [d3`mestk] adj inside a particular country, not foreign or in-
ternational
непоширення
ядерної зброї;
охороняти;
гарантувати;
вигнання;
експатріація;
товар;
юрисдикція;
домашній;
внутрішній.
Read them.
8. Homework. Choose one of the American presidents you like most. Find
interesting information and write a short paragraph about him.
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Gateway to the USA Dive 26
1. Warming-up. Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer questions
about the US federal holidays. Write a list of federal holidays and present it
to your classmates. Say what holidays are the most important in your opin-
ion. Give your reasons.
To start with…
3. Work in groups. Read the information “It is interesting to know”. Discuss
First of all…
and choose the most interesting information in your opinion. Give your rea-
Firstly,…
sons why you think so.
Secondly,…
The main reason
It Is Interesting to Know is…
“The Star-Spangled Banner” became the US national anthem in On the one hand,…
1931. Prior to that, it was “My Country Tis of Thee”, which had the On the other
same melody as Britain’s national anthem “God Save the Queen”, hand,…
which is based on music written by John Bull in 1619. Bull’s melody Well, the thing is
has been used more than any song in national anthems. that…
The term “disc jockey” first appeared in 1935 in a radio pro- And finally…
All in all…
gramme by an American commentator, Walter Winchell, and in print
this phrase first appeared in Variety magazine in 1941.
147
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Words to learn:
to embark;
avid;
steed;
breeding;
to mate;
mere;
to adorn;
dentures;
ivory;
peanut;
enigmatic.
4. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. to embark [m`b%:k] (on) v to start to do smth new or difficult
2. avid [`0vd] adj a very enthusiastic about smth, for example,
148 a hobby
149
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Dive 27 Gateway to the USA
Words to learn: 1. A role play. Three of you are Americans. You are playing the roles of the
eccentric; heroes of your essays fron Ex. 6, Dive 26. The rest are Ukrainians and they
to recruit; have to ask you as many questions as they can about your personalities.
abolition;
to disillusion; 2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
comprehensive; tences with these words.
to worship;
lexicographer; 1. eccentric [k`sentrk] adj strange or unusual
prolific; 2. to recruit [r`kru:t] v to find new people to join a company or an
speller. organisation
3. abolition [~0b3`l6n] n ending of a law, a system or an institution
4. to disillusion [~ds`lu:4n] v to destroy smb’s belief or a good opinion of
smb/smth
5. comprehensive including all or almost all that may be
[~k5mpr`hensv] adj concerned
6. to worship [`w-:6p] v to love and admire smb/smth very much
7. lexicographer [~leks`k5gr3f3(r)] n a person who writes and edits dictionaries
8. prolific [pr3`lfk] adj producing many works
9. speller [`spel3(r)] n a person who spells words correctly or incor-
rectly; a book for teaching spelling
Expressing opinions
3. Work in groups. Read the texts about prominent people of the USA in
In my opinion,… the past. Choose the most outstanding person nowadays in your opinion
In my view,… and discuss in class why you have chosen him/her. Give your reasons.
I think (that)…
Personally, I think… Noah Webster Jr.
From my point of
Noah Webster Jr. (October 16, 1758—
view…
May 28, 1843) was an American lexicogra-
I’m not sure (if,
about)…
pher, textbook pioneer, English-language
I don’t have a spelling reformer, political writer, editor,
definite opinion and prolific author. He has been called
about that. the “Father of American Scholarship and
As I see you… Education”. His blue-backed speller books
As I see it,… taught five generations of American chil-
I don’t think… dren how to spell and read. Webster’s
name has become synonymous with a “dic-
tionary” in the United States, especially
the modern Merriam-Webster dictionary that was first published in
1828 as An American Dictionary of the English Language.
Born in West Hartford, Connecticut, Webster graduated from Yale
College in 1778. He passed the bar examination after studying law,
but was unable to find work as a lawyer. He found some financial
success by opening a private school and writing a series of education-
al books, including the “Blue-Backed Speller”. A strong supporter of
150 the American Revolution and the ratification of the United States
Suggested Answer
Dear Sandra,
Hope you are well. Amazing, but we’ve got the same task in
our Country Studies but only about Britain! Here are some of my
notes.
Actually, I believe that history provides valuable sources for
understanding different people and societies, predicting future
trends and forming a person’s identity. If you look back hundreds
of years of British history in search of one turning point, it would
undoubtedly be 1066, the year that changed the British history
course. In 1066 the Normans invaded England and ended An-
glo-Saxon rule just as the Danes had done previously, the Saxons
before them, the Romans before them and the Celts before them.
As to the importance of this event, one should mention that
the arrival of the Normans to Britain was one of the last great
invasions of culture in British history. Before the Normans came
the population consisted of native Britons/Celts, Romano-Britons,
Anglo-Saxons and Normans and the culture reflected that. The
new culture intermingled with the existing one and helped create
the English language, the political structure, the feudal system in
which Britain lived for many years, the widespread religion, the
architecture for many hundreds of years, etc.
Anyway, the significance of this event to the English people is
that 1066 was the year that changed the course of British histo-
ry. It was the last time a foreign culture invaded and conquered
England.
Well, have to go now. Write back and tell me what you’ve de-
cided.
Cheers,
Max
153
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Dive 28 Education Is the Door to Success
Words to learn: 1. Read and discuss these quotations. Decide if you agree or disagree with
handy; the authors. Give your reasons.
customer;
to handle; Education is the most powerful weapon you can use to change
to pitch; the world.
illustrious. Nelson Mandela
Educating the mind without educating the heart is no education
at all.
Aristotle
Children must be taught how to think, not what to think.
Margaret Mead
Education
success
6. Read the text below. For each of the empty spaces (1—10) choose the
correct answers (A, B, C or D).
8. Do a class survey. Find out the classmates who consider English as one
of the most important languages in the world and those who don’t.
9. Work in groups. Think of the advantages of having a perfect command Asking for
of any foreign language. Give your reasons. Present your ideas to the class- someone’s opinion
mates.
What do you think
of…?
10. Homework. Write an article for the magazine «Language and Culture» What do you think
about one of the most important languages in the world in your opinion. about…?
What’s your
opinion…?
What’s your view…?
157
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Dive 29 Education Is the Door to Success
Words to learn: 1. Read and discuss these quotations. What is true education in your opin-
intelligence; ion? Give your reasons.
vessel;
to kindle; Intelligence plus character — that is the goal of true education.
to accept; Martin Luther King
renewal; The mind is not a vessel to be filled, but a fire to be kindled.
to embed; Plutarch
non-violence;
to ensure (insure);
to strive; 2. Read these quotations and statements and agree or disagree with them.
dimension. Give your reasons.
Language is the blood of the soul into which thoughts run and out
of which they grow.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
High thoughts must have high language.
Aristophanes
Languages open doors.
Languages are ships to new countries.
So many languages, so many worlds.
Our aim is to encourage lifelong language learning at and out of
schools.
Learning foreign languages is not an easy thing — it requires hard
work and discipline.
You have to be good at language learning and have a perfect
command of foreign languages.
3. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. intelligence [n`teld43ns] n the ability to think, understand and learn
well
2. vessel [`vesl] n a tube; a container
3. to kindle [`kndl] v to make smth interesting emotional; to
make a fire start burning
4. to accept [3k`sept] v to agree to or approve of smth
5. renewal [r`nju:3l] n a situation in which smth is replaced, im-
proved or made more successful
6. to embed (imbed) [m`bed] v to fix smth firmly
7. non-violence [~n5n`va3l3ns] n the policy using peaceful methods, not
force
8. to ensure (insure) to make certain that smth happens or is
[n`6\3(r); n`61(r)] v definite
9. to strive [strav] (strove, striven to try very hard to achieve smth
or less frequent strived, strived) v
158 10. dimension [da`men6n; d`men6n] n the size and extent of a situation
159
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development of youth and children diplomacy;
celebration of memorable dates of the UNO;
holding conferences, study groups, festivals;
creation of experimental area for approbation of thematic education-
al programmes.
At the national level, the first thing which is really very impor-
tant, is that the ASPnet schools of Ukraine …(5) together at national
conferences for children-participants of the ASPnet schools. These
all-Ukrainian conferences are very important for students, because
they show their ability for joint scientific work exploring new fields
of knowledge, learn how to get together in the framework of this or
that project. The main educational priorities of the ASPnet schools
of Ukraine are:
individual orientation through …(6) and educational process;
renewal of contents and forms of the education structure, embed-
ding new informational technologies;
forming common values for all mankind and nations;
creating equal opportunities and facilities for all nationalities in ed-
ucation.
The knowledge which pupils get …(7) in UNESCO activities, will
undoubtedly be of great use in their future life. It is, first of all,
the principles of tolerance, the culture of peace and non-violence, the
ability of team work, public speaking and communication, the leader-
ship features. All these qualities …(8) them succeed in future life.
A B C D
1 adapting adapt adapts have adapted
2 are widely being widely to be widely is widely
3 is are being are were
4 learning to learn learns having
learned
5 starts to get are starting to start started
getting getting getting
6 taught is teaching teaching teaches
7 participating to participate participated are
participating
8 helps will help are helping helped
5. Read the text from Ex. 4 again and answer the questions. Write down
your answers.
1. What is a key to deepening students’ understanding and respect
for the world around them?
2. What should a modern school reinforce?
160 3. What are the ASPnet schools of Ukraine aimed at?
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Until or till and when
Until, till, when are used for linking events in the present, past and
future.
We use when, until or till to say when an action or event finishes.
1. He is staying in Kyiv until his mother returns home.
2. I’ll help you when I do my homework.
3. After he graduated from university he went to London and stayed
there till the summer was over.
4. When she passes the External Independent Testing successfully,
she will try to enter university.
Dear Nick,
In your letter you’ve asked me to give a piece of advice
on how to avoid stress before exams. OK.
It is necessary to say that school plays the most impor-
tant educational role in the life of any person. School is a
Arguments
second home where a pupil spends about half a day. It is a
To start with… whole period in our life, stairs to adult life with its adult
First of all… problems and responsibility. The purpose of education is to
Firstly,… replace an empty mind with an open one.
Secondly,… In our school we study many different subjects. Some of
The main reason them cause constant stress. Exam stress is normal, but it
is… can get out of control and make you unwell. If you want to
On the one hand,… know how to avoid stress before exams, you should follow
On the other
some simple rules.
hand,…
To begin with, you must start studying ahead of time.
Well, the thing is
that…
It helps you be prepared. Firstly, take short breaks. You
And finally… may keep energy during the day. It is also important to
All in all… make a timetable and stick to it. As a result, you’ll feel
more organised and confident and you’ll have time to pre-
pare well for your exams.
Secondly, you should take good care of yourself by eat-
ing healthy food, getting enough sleep and taking regular
breaks to relax. Consequently, your body and mind will stay
healthy and you will be able to concentrate better when
studying.
Expressing opinions If you want, you can study with friends. You can help
In my opinion,… each other when something goes wrong. Some people might
In my view,… find this useful as they can discuss any problems that come
I think (that)… up.
Personally, I think… All in all, I think exam stress can be a major problem.
From my point of However, if you are organised and healthy and get help from
view… others, exam stress will never be a problem for you again.
I’m not sure (if, Hope to meet you in summer.
about)… Yours, Jim
I don’t have a
definite opinion
about that. 8. Work in groups. Discuss the problem of passing exams or External Inde-
As I see you… pendent Testing successfully. Present your ideas to the classmates.
As I see it,…
I don’t think…
9. Make sentences using until, till or when and write them down.
162
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10. Homework. A teen magazine has asked its readers to give suggestions
on how to pass exams successfully.
Include the following:
the reason for writing;
the ways of preparing for exams;
the ideas of staying healthy.
Suggested Answer
Have you ever passed any exams? If not, you’d better read my
article.
Everybody knows that at the end of the 9th and 11th forms
every student must pass exams. The results of these exams (State
Assessment in the 9th form and External Independent Testing in
the 11th) give students the possibility to continue their studies
at school and enter Ukrainian and foreign universities. For this
very reason, it is necessary to pass them. I am confident that it
is a tremendous responsibility; so, students need to know how to
pass exams well. In this article, I would like to provide my ideas
regarding the issue and I hope they may help everyone who is am-
bitious enough to dream of education at an institution of higher
education.
Frankly speaking, I presume that it is always essential to start
studying ahead of time. Students study different subjects at school:
the Ukrainian Language and Literature, World Literature, Foreign
Languages, Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Geography, World and
Ukrainian History, Algebra, Geometry, PE, Music, Arts, etc. As
for me, it is really hard to learn all you need in a short time. It is
necessary to take brief breaks for a walk with friends. Thereupon,
it is easier for me to concentrate on my studies. In my opinion,
it is great to make a revision timetable and plan your day. If you
develop such a useful habit, you can save your time. Moreover, if
you study with your friend, it is easier to get new information
because you can help each other with difficult tasks.
Nevertheless, you should not forget about your health and rest.
You should eat healthy food which gives you energy for various
kinds of work. You should also sleep enough to be active and stay
healthy.
It should be pointed out that if you follow the rules described
above, it will be easier for you to pass your External Independent
Testing successfully and get ready to turn over a new page in your
life.
163
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Dive 30 Education Is the Door to Success
Words to learn: 1. Read and discuss these quotations. Say if it is really important to study
confidence; with desire and never lose your temper and self-confidence.
self-confident;
temper; Study without desire spoils the memory and it retains nothing that
to spoil; it takes in.
self-esteem; Leonardo da Vinci
to challenge; Education is the ability to listen to almost anything without losing
to retain.
your temper and your self-confidence.
Robert Frost
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. confidence [`k5nfd3ns] n a belief in your own ability
2. self-confident [~self`k5nfd3nt] adj having confidence in one’s own abilities and
oneself
3. temper [`temp3(r)] n mood; a short period of time when one gets
angry
4. to spoil [sp1l] (spoiled, to change smth good into smth bad, useless,
spoiled; spoilt, spoilt) v etc.; to ruin
5. self-esteem [~self`sti:m] n a good opinion of oneself; a feeling of being
happy
6. to challenge [`t60lnd4] v to test smb’s skills and abilities
7. to retain [r`ten] v to keep smth; to continue to have smth
3. Work in groups. Discuss. Give your reasons. Present the results of your
Disagreeing discussion to the classmates.
Yes, but… 1. What does the word “self-esteem” mean?
True, but… 2. What does a positive self-esteem give you?
I can’t agree with 3. Is it important for a school-leaver to be self-confident with a high
you. self-esteem?
I disagree with you.
I’m afraid I disagree
These words and expressions can help you:
with you. to believe in success, to make friends, to be confident, to make
I’m not sure that’s right decisions, to concentrate on your exams at school, to pass EIT
right. (External Independent Testing), to focus on positive effects, to enjoy
I agree to some doing your work, to enjoy learning English (foreign languages), to
extent, but… reduce stress, to be healthier and happier, to be patient, to keep
I’m not sure I can thinking of the progress you are making, to feel good, to help
accept that. friends (parents, classmates, people) who are in trouble, not to be
There might be afraid of expressing your own opinions, ideas or feelings, to try
some truth in that, doing something nice to somebody who doesn’t expect it, to stay
but… active, to avoid worrying or stress.
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Find the English
4. Work in class. Read these pieces of advice on how to improve your
meanings of these
self-esteem. Discuss each piece of advice. Give your reasons. Decide if they
words:
are useful for you as a school-leaver.
1. Focus on positive aspects, think positively. It will help you avoid довір’я;
worrying and stress. самовпевнений;
характер; настрій;
2. Stay active and many problems will be solved with the help of
дратівливість;
different activities.
псувати(ся);
3. Challenge yourself and you’ll find a lot of possibilities to improve самоповага;
your knowledge and skills. кидати виклик;
4. Think of realistic goals and the progress that you are making, утримувати.
even if this progress is small.
5. Remember that a perfect personality doesn’t exist. Focus on the Read them.
things you are good at and enjoy doing them.
6. Take exercises or do sports and it will help you reduce stress and
be healthier and happier. Asking for
7. Be confident in your own opinions, ideas, feelings and don’t be someone’s opinion
afraid of expressing them.
What do you think
8. Don’t forget about relaxation. Enjoy doing activities you are fond
of…?
of.
What do you think
9. Be proud of yourself and your achievements. Believe in yourself. about…?
What’s your
5. Make sentences using the tables given below and write them down. opinion…?
What’s your view…?
1)
Summing
it up, it would the most important part in
not be an the life of any person.
To school
exaggeration
summarise, is the whole complicated world
to mention
Making a that with different sides.
conclusion,
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3)
6. Listen to the text. The pupil of the 11th form gives pieces of advice to
help you pass your External Independent Testing. Discuss. Decide if these
pieces of advice are useful for you. Give your reasons. Add your own pieces
of advice, write down and present them to the classmates.
A B C D
1 was loading was loaded had loaded being loaded
2 ran runs had run is running
3 was grabbing grabs grabbed being grabbed
4 to be laughed laughs was laughing laugh
5 to run were running runs was running
6 was planning plans is planning planned
7 to work is working works was working
8 phones was phoning phoned is phoning
9 was were had been being
10 saved is saving was saving was saved
11 was had been is has been
12 is able to being able to was able to to be able to
13 imagine imagined was was imagined
imagining
14 comes was come was coming came
15 looked was looking is looking looks
16 wearing worn had worn was wearing
10. Play a game. Divide into two teams. In turns one team says a word re-
lated to education, the other team makes a sentence using this word. Each
correct sentence gets a point. The team with the most points is the winner.
11. Homework. A teen magazine has asked you to give some pieces of
advice on how to prepare to pass the EIT successfully.
Include the following:
the reason for writing;
the ways of preparing for the EIT;
the ways of staying healthy.
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Jobs for Life Dive 31
Words to learn:
1. Look at the pictures. How do you think they relate to our today’s lesson?
trait;
profound;
glamorous;
fortune;
requirement;
determined.
Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day
in your life.
Confucius
You will be happy if you are doing a job you love.
Dr T. P. Chia
There is no future in any job. The future lies in the person who
holds the job.
George Crane
3. Work in pairs. Read the names of these jobs and make a list of five jobs Apologising
you’d like to choose for yourselves. Give your reasons.
I’m sorry for my
Actor, architect, artist, astronomer, banker, ballet dancer, baker, mistake.
bricklayer, bullfighter, cashier, cosmetologist, chef, chemist, baby- I’m sorry for being
minder, economist, coach, computer hardware engineer, dancer, late.
dietician, interior designer, delivery man, disc jockey, doctor, I’m really sorry.
dressmaker, editor, electrician, environmental scientist, farmer, I’m awfully sorry.
fashion designer, filmmaker, firefighter, fitness instructor, florist, I apologise.
judge, hairdresser, gardener, journalist, jeweller, guide, lawyer,
librarian, make-up artist, musician, nurse, newsreader, personal
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Find the English assistant, photographer, pilot, police officer, politician, postman,
meanings of these pharmacist, schoolteacher, scientist, singer, reporter, receptionist,
words: salesperson, travel agent, secretary, shoemaker, social worker,
риса; stunt man, surgeon, translator, temporary, veterinarian, zoologist,
глибокий, мудрий; watchmaker, writer, TV presenter, sheriff, computer programmer,
чарівний, graphic designer, web developer, IT specialist.
ефектний;
доля; щастя; 4. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
вимога; умова; tences with these words.
потреба; 1. trait [tret] n a particular quality of a person’s character
рішучий.
2. profound [pr3`fa\nd] adj having great knowledge and showing deep un-
Read them. derstanding of smth
3. glamourous [`gl0m3r3s] adj very exciting and attractive
4. fortune [`f1:t6u:n] n chance or luck; a person’s fate or future
5. requirement [r`kwa3m3nt] n smth that you need or you must have
6. determined [d`t-:mnd] adj having a strong decision to do smth not letting
anyone stop you
7. Work in pairs. Read the adjectives given below and find pairs of oppo-
sites. Write them down. Present the results of your work to the classmates. Asking for
Clever, noisy, broad-minded, insecure, ungrateful, self-confident, clarification
quiet, narrow-minded, stupid, brave, friendly, patient, lazy, Sorry, what do you
unfriendly, fast, sad, hard-working, impatient, slow, generous, mean?
polite, nervous, impolite, easy-going, cheerful, grateful, tight-fisted, Does it mean…?
cowardly. Do you mean…?
Can you repeat that,
8. Read and choose the correct words to complete the sentences. please?
Would you mind
1. I work hard and want to enter university. I will be very … . repeating that,
a) happy b) shocked c) sad please?
Can you say it
2. The EIT was very difficult but I have passed it. I was … .
again, please?
a) confused b) relieved c) disappointed Sorry, I didn’t quite
3. If I don’t choose the right profession, I will be very … . catch that.
a) disappointed and unhappy Could you repeat
b) delighted and pleased that more slowly,
c) excited and amused please?
a teacher, a nurse,
want to work with a secretary or a police
people and help them officer.
are practical and love a motor mechanic,
you could
making things a builder, a plumber,
become
are fond of foreign an electrician or
you will a carpenter.
languages
If do well as
are crazy about a journalist, a librarian,
you you may
computers and the an editor or a translator.
be
latest technology an engineer, a bank
you may clerk or a computer
want to do something
become programmer or even
are creative, can draw, an astronaut.
paint or take good
photographs a photographer, an artist
or a fashion designer.
11. Work in class. Discuss. Choosing a career is one of the most important
things any person does in a lifetime. Think over these questions and answer
them. Expressing opinions
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Dive 32 Jobs for Life
Words to learn: 1. Read and discuss these quotations. Do you agree or disagree with the
to console; authors? Give your reasons why you think so.
inconvenience;
proficient; If the career you have chosen has some unexpected inconveniences,
to investigate; console yourself by reflecting that no career is without them.
to pursue; Jane Fonda
aptitude; I feel ups and downs are a part of one’s career, and this totally
to enable.
depends on how you take it. You can either be knocked down by
the negative things, or you can take it in a positive way and
learn from it.
Deepika Padukone
If you say your job is something you don’t plan on doing forever,
then why are you doing it now?
Simon Sinek
2. Listen and read the new words and their definitions. Make some sen-
tences with these words.
1. to console [k3n`s3\l] v to give comfort to smb who is unhappy or dis-
appointed
2. inconvenience [~nk3n`vi:ni3ns] n troubles or problems
3. proficient [pr3`f6nt] adj able to do smth well because of training and
practice
4. to investigate [n`vestget] v to spend strength, energy, effort, etc. to find
out the truth about smth
5. to pursue [p3`sju:] v to try to achieve smth over a period of time
6. to enable [`nebl] v to make it possible for smb to do smth
7. aptitude [`0pttju:d] n the natural ability of a particular job or edu-
cational course
Choosing a Career
There are certain questions that adults just love to put to kids.
For example, how many times have you been asked, “Well now, what
do you think you would like to be when you grow up?”
By now you know that the world is more complicated than you
once thought it was. You know, too, that there are many more career
opportunities out there than the ones you thought about when you
were younger. But you probably still do not really know which one
you would like to pursue.
The career you choose is likely to affect many aspects of your life.
It may influence how much you earn, the type of home you live in,
the clothes you wear, the interests and hobbies you pursue, etc. But
it works both ways. Your personal values influence your career deci-
sions.
Another way to look at careers involves your school subjects. If
you like a subject taught at school, and do well in it, it’s worth in-
vestigating occupations that involve that subject. Besides, like a hob-
by or a sport, every job involves some knowledge and skills that you
must learn.
Fortunately, there are things you can do to help find a career that
suits you.
1. You have to find out as much as you can about yourself. After all,
you are the key ingredient. When you know more about yourself,
it will be easier to match your skills and interests with the ones
a job requires.
2. You have to find as much as you can about different careers, dis-
cover what jobs are available, and which one suits you best.
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3. Finally you will want to learn about changes that are expected
to occur in the job market. What will tomorrow’s jobs be? What
occupations will be greatly needed? Will there be a demand for
economists and lawyers, accountants and civil engineers, comput-
er programmers and doctors, carpenters and car mechanics, art-
ists and musicians, etc.?
4. You have to investigate your own strengths and weaknesses, inter-
ests and aptitudes, attitudes and values and to relate these to the
requirements of different occupations.
1. What does the chosen career affect?
2. What do you have to do to find a career that suits you?
6. Work in pairs. Read and discuss these statements. Decide if you agree or
disagree with them. Give your reasons. Present the results of your discus- Responding to
sion to the classmates. thanks
Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability Not at all.
to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing it is stupid. No problem.
That’s OK.
Everybody has inborn abilities which give you an opportunity to My pleasure.
create something unusual. It’s a pleasure.
You are talented and have to be self-confident if you want to Don’t mention it.
achieve success in your life. Any time.
You’re welcome.
To be a good professional you should practise a lot to improve
your skills and knowledge.
It is very important to love your profession in order to achieve
success because it makes you happy.
If you love doing something, you will be the best in it espe-
cially if you turn your hobby into your job.
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To be a good specialist it is necessary to be persistent, to
have good knowledge of foreign languages and IT technologies and
not to mistake vocations.
It is necessary to be a skillful user of computers.
You have to do your best to be successful in life and to justify
your parents’ hopes.
3. Read the text below. For each of the empty spaces (1—10) choose the
correct answers (A, B, C or D).
роботодавець;
агенція з
працевлаштування;
вакансія;
запрошення;
зобов’язання;
заняття;
робота;
людина, яка шукає
роботу;
престиж;
обвинувач;
розробник;
позаштатний; work.ua; rabota.ua; hh.ua. These websites are the leaders by the cri-
вільний; teria of the number of visitors. The website work.ua has the largest
допитливий; engagement — 11,8 %; rabota.ua — 10,2 % and hh.ua — 2,5 %.
обдарований;
The regional centres with the largest number of vacancies and job
правознавство.
seekers are in Kyiv, Kharkiv, Dnipro, Odesa and Lviv and they …(1)
Read them. the largest share of state budget revenue. 74 % of all vacancies …(2)
in these cities.
The job market of some big cities in Eastern Ukraine …(3) negative
economic trends: the number of job seekers is much bigger than the
number of vacancies. Though today it is much easier …(4) a job than
a few years ago.
There are a lot of different professions but high-prestige positions
are those which have not only a good salary, but also a high public
status, influence and are respected in the community. The prestige
of a profession, on the one hand, …(5) on the degree of responsibility
and complexity, but on the other hand, it depends on the great de-
mand for specialists in the labour market. And the demand depends
on the macroeconomic situation in the region and the sociopolitical
situation. But still more often the prestige of a profession …(6) by its
payment.
According to a survey …(7) by the experts of the HeadHunters
portal now in Ukraine the most prestigious is the profession of an
IT specialist because it is extremely in demand in the domestic labour
market. Thus, only one candidate claims one opened vacancy. One of
the types of software developer, a web developer, a specialist in the
sphere of information security, a programmer …(8) but employers’ re-
quirements for them are quite high. These professions give you the
chance to work everywhere in the world, either as a freelance worker
or an employee of a company. Nowadays especially information secu-
rity is very important. Every large company …(9) not only someone to
analyse their data, but also they need someone who can keep their
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data and system safe, regardless of their location. A good IT special-
ist is respected everywhere.
The second place in the rating of the most prestigious professions
is top management. The senior officers and managers have overtaken
the positions of lawyers, prosecutors and defence lawyers. Profession-
als …(10) in the field of jurisprudence are proud of their professions
very much. The top 10 of the most prestigious professions also in-
clude bankers, businessmen, pilots, doctors and astronauts as well as
economists and financial officials.
The top 5 non-prestigious professions include retail workers, pro-
fessions in the field of agriculture, consulting services for the public
and representatives of the banking sector.
A B C D
Responding to
1 provides provide providing has provided thanks
2 concentrates to concentrate are have Not at all.
concentrated concentrated No problem.
3 displays to display displayed will display That’s OK.
My pleasure.
4 finding to find found finds It’s a pleasure.
5 will depend depending to depend depends Don’t mention it.
Any time.
6 is determined are determined to determine determined You’re welcome.
7 had conducted conducts conducted has conducted
8 paying to pay paid are well paid
9 needed is needed needs are needed
10 to work working worked had worked
4. Work in groups. Discuss these statements. Give your reasons why you
think so. Present the results of your discussion to the classmates. Arguments
What jobs, in your opinion, are: To start with…
— the most interesting/boring; First of all…
— the most dangerous/stressful; Firstly,…
— the most prestigious/non-prestigious; Secondly,…
— the most useful. The main reason
is…
5. Work in groups. Choose 4—5 jobs which are the best in your opinion. On the one hand,…
Discuss these jobs and the qualities people need to be good at these jobs. On the other
Give your reasons and present the results of your discussion to the class- hand,…
mates. Well, the thing is
that…
These words can help you:
And finally…
brave, courageous, patient, hard-working, creative, friendly,
All in all…
persuasive, calm, persistent, generous, optimistic, helpful, sociable,
cheerful, imaginative, accurate, efficient, careful, original, intelligent,
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Asking for cooperative, energetic, disciplined, organised, clever, smart, self-
clarification confident, curious, strong-willed, determined, gifted, broad-minded,
Sorry, what do you
productive, modest, polite, easy-going, tight-fisted, honest.
mean?
Does it mean…? 6. Work in pairs. Play a game. Write a profession or a job you would like to
Do you mean…? choose. Ask your partner to guess it. Take turns to ask and answer questions
Can you repeat that, in order to guess these professions or jobs.
please? These questions will help you:
Would you mind 1. What education does your job/profession need?
repeating that, 2. Do you work in an office?
please?
3. Do you work with children/tourists?
Can you say it
4. Does your job require a lot of training?
again, please?
Sorry, I didn’t quite
5. Is your job dangerous, interesting, etc.?
catch that. 6. Do you have to possess IT skills?
Could you repeat 7. What are the advantages/disadvantages of your job?
that more slowly, 8. Do you need face-to-face communication?
please? 9. What qualities do you need to do this job?
10. Is your job well-paid?
11. Do you have to drive a car?
12. What do you wear at work?
7. Read the advertisements, choose the job you’d like to have and give
your reasons why you have chosen it.
2. Child-minder.
An English family requires a minder for
their two children (4 and 6). Use of a car
and meals is provided.
5 days a week and sometimes evenings.
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3. A part-time clerk required.
We are looking for an intelligent, self-con-
fident young person who is fluent in Eng-
lish and German.
The work involves answering correspond-
ence, using a computer and dealing on the
phone with clients abroad. 20 hours per
week. Monday—Friday. Mornings or afternoons only. Apply in writ-
ing to Mrs Smith, ACME Enterprise, 15 Armada Way, Brookfield
20LI. A telephone interview and a face-to-face interview is required.
8. Read a job application letter and say if it seems suitable for the job. Do
you think this girl will get the post on the telephone? Give your reasons.
9. Read the text in order to get some pieces of advice for the interviews.
Use the words given below, change them to form the words that fit the
gaps to complete the sentences.
1 — apply; 2 — expect; 3 — breathe; 4 — happy; 5 — confident;
6 — profession; 7 — explain; 8 — private; 9 — loyal; 10 — advise.
Job Interview
Many people feel very nervous about job interviews because inter-
viewers will analyse your …(1) and you can do nothing but only live up
to their …(2) . Before you enter the interview room, take a deep …(3).
If you think about something nice that brings you a feeling of …(4),
then you will smile and give an impression of …(5).
Make sure that you take all the necessary papers with you. If you
forget something, you can look …(6). If they ask why you left your last
job, don’t give a long …(7). You have a right to your …(8) and so do
your previous employers. Any future employer will like it if you show
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…(9) to your old boss. Take your time to answer questions and relax.
If you follow this …(10), you have a good chance of getting the job.
(www.slideshare.net)
10. Work in pairs. Act out a job interview using the questions and expres-
sions given below.
Expressions:
Thanks for coming. Please, take a seat. Hello! Thank you, sir.
I’d very much appreciate… . Could you tell me… ? What is/are… ?
Apologising Would you mind… ? Would you be able to… ? Are you enthusiastic… ?
Why do you… ? To be good at… . To be an experienced… . To be
I’m sorry for my
a highly qualified specialist… . A dangerous job. To enjoy working
mistake.
I’m sorry for being
with… . To pay much attention to… . Flexible working hours. Good
late. social skills. It seems a better choice because… . I’d prefer the job… .
I’m really sorry. It doesn’t sound/sounds very suitable for me because… .
I’m awfully sorry. Questions:
I apologise. 1. Why do you want to work for our company?
2. Does this job require a lot of training?
3. How long have you been working for this company?
4. What qualifications do you have?
5. Why do you think you’d be good at this job?
6. When will you be able to start?
7. Are there any questions you would like to ask?
8. Have you ever been responsible for a team of students before?
9. Why do you want this job?
10. What do you want to do in the future?
11. Have you got higher education?
12. What special skills do you have?
13. Are you good at IT?
14. Will you tell us a bit about yourself?
15. How much money can I earn per month?
16. What do you know about advantages and disadvantages of this
job?
17. Why aren’t you satisfied with your present job?
18. Do you know what you will be responsible for?
12. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Write them down.
13. Read and choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
14. Homework. Write an e-mail to a friend telling him/her about a job you
would like to have.
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Grammar Reported Commands and Requests
We form reported commands and requests with verb + person + to-in-
finitive.
Dr Monday told the listeners to avoid chocolate and coffee.
We often use tell to report commands.
“Don’t go to bed late”, said Dr Monday.
Dr Monday told the teenagers not to go to bed late.
We usually use ask to report requests.
“Please, don’t sleep in a hot room.”
He asked us not to sleep in a hot room.
For negative requests and commands, we use not before the to-infinitive.
“Don’t eat too much before going to bed.”
He asked us not to eat much before going to bed.
! We do not use that to report a command or request.
! We do not use say to report a command.
To make a question tag repeat the main verb and a pronoun (it, he, she,
you, they, we). If there is no main verb, use the auxiliary verbs do, does
or did.
If the first part of a question tag is positive, then the second part of it
will be negative.
If the first part of a question tag is negative, then the second part of it
will be positive.
You don’t go to school, do you?
You have never been to London, have you?
She has been to London twice, hasn’t she?
You aren’t going to learn a third foreign language, are you?
Grammar Be Going to
We use be going to for ambitions, plans or intentions in the future.
I’m going to be an interpreter after graduating from the university.
I’m going to enter the institute after school.
We use be going to for actions we have already arranged to do in the
near future.
We are going to go to London next summer.
She is going to have a party on Sunday.
We use be going to for predictions when we are sure that something will
happen in the near future.
Look! It is going to snow.
Look at her! She is going to climb the rock.
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Grammar Phrasal and Prepositional Verbs
There are phrasal and prepositional verbs. Phrasal verbs consist of verbs
and adverbs (to put on, to take off, to carry on, to leave out).
There are two kinds of phrasal verbs. One group of verbs has no object,
the other group of verbs has an object.
Phrasal verbs without an object:
It’s high time to get up.
Come in! I’m waiting for you.
Go away! I’m angry with you.
Phrasal verbs with an object:
Fill in this form, please.
Turn on the light.
I think you have to give up smoking cigarettes.
If the object is a noun, adverbs usually come between the verb and
the noun.
Put on your coat. It is cold today.
But if the object is a pronoun, it must come before the adverb.
Put it on. It is cold today.
We can often replace phrasal verbs with one word.
She has given up smoking.
She has stopped smoking.
We usually can form phrasal verbs using these verbs and adverbs of
place.
Verbs: to ask, to be, to blow, to break, to bring, to come, to carry, to fall,
to find, to get, to give, to go, to grow, to keep, to let, to look, to make,
to put, to run, to set, to take, to turn.
Adverbs: about, across, along, around, away, back, by, down, forward,
in, off, on, out, over, through, under, up.
Mind! These adverbs can also be prepositions and can be used to form
prepositional verbs.
Prepositional verbs are used as the terms for idioms. Prepositional verbs
are formed of verbs and prepositions: to add to, to agree with, to apply
for, to ask for, to belong to, to care for, to deal with, to insist on, to lis-
ten to, to look after, to look for, to refer to, to rely on, to take after.
He takes after his father.
I agree with you.
This article deals with economic problems.
We can also use prepositional verbs at the end of sentences.
Who are you listening to?
She doesn’t know who the bag belongs to.
What job are you looking for?
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abduction-delight Dictionary
A cashew [`k06\:; k0`6\:] (also cashew nut) n кеш’ю
cautious [`k5:63s] adj обережний; передбачливий
abduction [0b`d2k6n] n викрадання
challenge [`t60lnd4] n виклик; v робити виклик
abolition [~0b3`l6n] n скасування
cherish [`t6er6] v вирощувати; пестити
abundance [3`b2nd3ns] n безліч; надмір
claim [klem] v вимагати
abuse [3`bju:s] n зловживання
clash [kl06] n розходження; суперечність
access [`0kses] v мати доступ
cleanliness [`klenl3n3s] n чистота, охайність
accurate [`0kj3r3t] adj правильний; точний
collaboration [k3~l0b3`re6n] (with, between) n спіль-
actually [`0kt6\3li] adv насправді, дійсно
на праця, співпраця
adolescence [~0d3`lesns] n юність
commercial [k3`mç:6l] n реклама (на радіо, телеба-
adorn [3`d1:n] v прикрашати
ченні)
advance [3d`v%:ns] n успіх; поліпшення; просуван-
commitment [k3`mtm3nt] n зобов’язання
ня; прогрес
commodity [k3`m5d3ti] n товар
advertise [`0dv3taz] v рекламувати
comprehend [~k5mpr`hend] v розуміти
alleviate [3`li:viet] v полегшувати
comprehensive [~k5mpr`hensv] adj усебічний
alter [`5:lt3(r)] v змінювати(ся)
concern [k3n`s-:n] v стосуватися
annoy [3`n1] v докучати; досаждати
condemn [k3n`dem] v засуджувати
appalling [3`p1:l8] adj жахливий; приголомшливий
confidence [`k5nfd3ns] n довір’я
aptitude [`0pttju:d] n схильність
conscience [`k5n63ns] n сумління
armistice [`%:msts] n перемир’я
consciousness [`k5n63sn3s] n свідомість
assertive [3`s-:tv] adj напористий
conservation [~k5ns3`ve6n] n зберігання
available [3`vel3bl] adj доступний
console [k3n`s3\l] v утішати
avid [`0vd] adj жадібний (до чогось); палкий
consumer [k3n`sju:m3(r)] n споживач
awareness [3`we3n3s] n обізнаність, поінформова-
contemplate [`k5nt3mplet] v обдумувати; міркува-
ність
ти
awe [5:] n благоговіння
contemplative [k3n`templ3tv] adj споглядальний
contradiction [~k5ntr3`dk6n] n суперечність
B contradictory [~k5ntr3`dkt3ri] adj несумісний; супе-
речний
beneficial [~ben`f6l] adj вигідний
convey [k3n`ve] v передавати; виражати
beneficiary [~ben`f63ri] n вигодонабувач
cope [k3\p] v справитися
benefit [`benft] n вигода
correlation [~k1r3`le6n] n взаємозв’язок
beverage [`bev3rd4] n напій
courageous [k3`red43s] adj сміливий
bikie [`baki] n байкі, представник субкультури,
co-star [`k3\st%:] v виконувати головну роль
в якій люди їздять на мотоциклах
craft [kr%:ft] n вправність; ремесло
bilateral [~ba`l0t3r3l] adj двобічний
crockery [`kr5k3ri] n фаянсовий посуд
biodiversity [~ba3\da`v-:s3ti] n біологічне розмаїт-
crucial [`kru:6l] adj критичний; вирішальний
тя
curiosity [~kj\3ri`5s3ti] n допитливість
bogan [`b3\g3n] n хуліган
curious [`kj\3ri3s] adj допитливий; жадібний до
boost [bu:st] v підвищувати
знання
breeding [`bri:d8] n розведення тварин
customer [`k2st3m3(r)] n покупець
brony [`br3\ni] n броні, фанат серіалів
cynic [`snk] n цинік
by-product [`bapr5d2kt] n побічний продукт
D
C
dare [de3(r)] v відважуватися, мати сміливість
canteen [k0n`ti:n] n їдальня
defensive [d`fensv] adj захисний
canvas [`k0nv3s] n полотно; картина
delight [d`lat] n захоплення
carbohydrate [~k%:b3\`hadret] n вуглевод
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Dictionary delinquency-gene
delinquency [d`l8kw3nsi] n провина; правопору- endeavour [n`dev3(r)] v докладати зусиль
шення engagement [n`ged4m3nt] n запрошення; зобов’я-
dementia [d`men63] n мед. слабоумство зання
dentures [`dent63z] n ряд зубів engrave [n`grev] v виковувати; гравірувати
depict [d`pkt] v зображати enigmatic [~eng`m0tk] adj загадковий
desire [d`za3(r)] n бажання enlightenment [n`latnm3nt] n поінформованість,
determination [d~t-:m`ne6n] n рішучість обізнаність
determined [d`t-:mnd] adj рішучий ennoble [`n3\b3l] v облагороджувати
devastation [~dev3`ste6n] n спустошення ensoul [n`s3\l] v надихати; запалювати
developer [d`vel3p3(r)] n розробник entrepreneur [~5ntr3pr3`nç:(r)] n підприємець
digital [`dd4tl] adj цифровий etching [`et68] n гравюра
dimension [da`men6n; d`men6n] n вимір; обсяг; роз- eternity [`t-:n3ti] n вічність
мір evolve [`v5lv] v розвивати(ся), розгортати
disability [~ds3`bl3ti] n неспроможність; непраце- exaggerate [g`z0d43ret] v перебільшувати
здатність exaggeration [g~z0d43`re6n] n перебільшення
disaster [d`z%:st3(r)] n стихійне лихо excessive [k`sesv] adj надмірний
discrepancy [d`skrep3nsi] n суперечність; розбіж- excitable [k`sat3bl] adj який хвилюється
ність, незгода expatriate [eks`p0tri3t] n вигнанець, емігрант
disgustful [ds`g2stfl] adj огидний expatriation [~eksp0tri`e6n] n вигнання; експатріа-
disillusion [~ds`lu:4n] v руйнувати мрії ція
disobedience [~ds3`bi:di3ns] n неслухняність extend [k`stend] v протягувати
distinctive [ds`t8ktv] adj характерний external [k`st-:nl] adj зовнішній
domestic [d3`mestk] adj внутрішній; домашній extravagant [k`str0v3g3nt] adj надмірний
downturn [`da\ntç:n] n зниження; падіння extremist [k`stri:mst] n прихильник крайніх захо-
drastic [`dr0stk] adj сильнодійний дів, екстреміст
drawback [`dr5:b0k] n перепона, вада
drought [dra\t] n засуха
dweller [`dwel3(r)] n мешканець F
fairness [`fe3n3s] n справедливість
faith [fe7] n віра
E favour [`fev3(r)] v підтримувати; сприяти
earthquake [`-:7kwek] n землетрус flood [fl2d] n повінь
eccentric [k`sentrk] adj чудернацький, дивний fortune [`f1:t6u:n] n доля; щастя
elevate [`elvet] v піднімати; підвищувати foster [`f5st3(r)] v заохочувати
eliminate [`lmnet] v усувати, виключати framework [`fremw-:k] n структура; рамки; межі
embark [m`b%:k] (on) v починати, братися fraternity [fr3`t-:n3ti] n братство; громада
embed (imbed) [m`bed] v закарбовуватися freelance [`fri:l%:ns] adj позаштатний
embroidery [m`br1d3ri] n вишивання, вишивка; frugal [`fru:gl] adj економний; помірний; скромний
прикраса frustrated [fr2`stretd] adj розчарований
emerge [`m-:d4] v виявлятися fully-fledged (full-fledged) [~f\li`fled4d] adj повно-
emergence [`m-:d43ns] n вихід, поява цінний, розвинутий
employee [m`pl1i:] n службовець, працівник fundraising [`f2nd~rez8] n збирання коштів на до-
employer [m`pl13(r)] n роботодавець брочинність
employment [m`pl1m3nt] n праця; служба; заняття
enable [`nebl] v давати змогу
enchanting [n`t6%:nt8] adj чарівний, чарівничий, G
чаклунський garnish [`g%:n6] n гарнір
encompass [n`k2mp3s] v оточувати; містити (в собі) gene [d4i:n] n біол. ген
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genetic-mudslide Dictionary
genetic [d43`netk] adj генетичний inherit [n`hert] v успадковувати
genius [`d4i:nj3s] n геній inner [`n3(r)] adj внутрішній
gentle [`d4entl] adj лагідний, добрий insomnia [n`s5mni3] n безсоння
germ [d4-:m] n мікроб, бактерія integration [~nt`gre6n] n злиття; інтеграція; об’єд-
gift [gft] n подарунок, дар; талант нання в одне ціле
gifted [`gftd] adj обдарований intelligence [n`teld43ns] n розум, інтелект
gilded [`gldd] adj позолочений interaction [~nt3r`0k6n] n взаємодія
glamourous [`gl0m3r3s] adj чарівний intermingle [~nt3`m8g3l] v змішувати(ся); перемі-
gripping [`grp8] adj який захоплює, заволодіває шувати(ся)
увагою internship [`nt-:n6p] n стажування
investigate [n`vestget] v досліджувати
issue [`6u:; `sju:] n проблема, спірне питання
H ivory [`av3ri] n слонова кістка
handle [`h0ndl] v керувати
handy [`h0ndi] adj зручний
hard-working [~h%:d`w-:k8] adj працьовитий
J
haul [h5:l] n влогер-шопоголік job seeker [`d45b si:k3(r)] n людина, яка шукає
highly strung [~hali `str28] adj знервований роботу
hipsters [`hpst3z] n вузькі штани з поясом нижче jurisprudence [~d4\rs`pr\:dns] n правознавство
талії; хіпстери juvenile [`d4u:v3nal] adj юнацький
honest [`5nst] adj чесний, правдивий
horrific [h3`rfk] adj страхітливий, жахливий
hospitable [h5`spt3bl; `h5spt3bl] adj гостинний K
hostility [h5`stl3ti] n ворожість kindle [`kndl] v запалювати
humanity [hju:`m0n3ti] n людство; людяність
hurricane [`h2rk3n] n ураган
L
legume [`legju:m; l`gju:m] n плід бобових
I
lexicographer [~leks`k5gr3f3(r)] n лексикограф
identity [a`dentti] n тотожність, ідентичність; lifespan [`lafsp0n] n життєвий цикл
справжність liver [`lv3(r)] n печінка
illustrious [`l2stri3s] adj славетний loving [`l2v8] adj ніжний; відданий
impact [`mp0kt] n поштовх, імпульс low-fat [~l3\`f0t] adj з низьким умістом жиру
imposition [~mp3`z6n] n введення (чогось); обман lunchroom [`l2nt6ru:m] n закусочна
impulsive [m`p2lsv] adj імпульсивний
incisive [n`sasv] adj гострий; проникливий
inclusion [n`klu:43n] n включення, приєднання; M
вміщення mainstream [`menstri:m] n мейнстрім, панівний
incomprehensible [n~k5mpr`hens3bl] adj незрозумі- напрям
лий, незбагненний mate [met] v спаровувати (тварин, птахів)
inconvenience [~nk3n`vi:ni3ns] n незручність; тур- matinee [`m0tne] n денний спектакль
бота maturity [m3`t6\3r3ti] n зрілість
incredible [n`kred3bl] adj неймовірний mere [m3(r)] adj простий, справжній
indecisive [~nd`sasv] adj нерішучий merely [`m3li] adv тільки, лише
indulge [n`d2ld4] (in smth) v потурати, дозволяти mesmerise [`mezm3raz] v зачаровувати
собі зайве mould [m3\ld] v формувати
inequality [~n`kw5l3ti] n нерівність; різниця mourning [`m1:n8] n сум, скорбота
infrastructure [`nfr3str2kt63(r)] n інфраструктура mudslide [`m2dslad] n грязьовий обвал, зсув
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Dictionary multifaceted-segregation
multifaceted [~m2lti`f0std] adj різноманітний; різ- pressure [`pre63(r)] n тиск
нобічний; багатогранний prestige [pre`sti:4] n престиж
mural [`mj\3r3l] n фреска proactive [pr3\`0ktv] adj активний, який діє
producer [pr3`dju:s3(r)] n виробник
proficient [pr3`f6nt] adj умілий
N profound [pr3`fa\nd] adj глибокий, мудрий
narcissus [n%:`ss3s] (pl. narcissi [n%:`ssa]) n нарцис prolific [pr3`lfk] adj плідний; родючий
neglect [n`glekt] n нехтування; зневага promote [pr3`m3\t] v просувати; підтримувати
negotiations [n~g3\6`e6nz] n переговори prosecutor [`pr5skj\t3(r)] n обвинувач
networking [`netw-:k8] n система зустрічей і роз- prosperity [pr5`sper3ti] n процвітання
мов з іншими людьми, які можуть бути pursue [p3`sju:] v займатися; мати професію
корисні
nonproliferation [~n2npr3~lf3`re6n] n непоширення
ядерної зброї
Q
quieten [`kwa3tn] v заспокоювати
O
oath [3\7] (pl. oaths [3\9z]) n клятва
R
obey [3`be] v слухатися, підкорятися rampant [`r0mp3nt] adj нестримний; дуже поши-
obvious [`5bvi3s] adj очевидний рений
occur [3`k-:(r)] v траплятися rebellious [r`belj3s] adj бунтарський
onslaught [`5nsl1:t] n атака reciprocal [r`spr3kl] adj взаємний
outlook [`a\tl\k] n точка зору; кругозір, перспек- reconciliation [~rek3nsli`e6n] n примирення
тива recruit [r`kru:t] v наймати; вербувати
outskirts [`a\tsk-:ts] n околиці reduction [r`d2k6n] n зменшення
outspoken [a\t`sp3\k3n] adj відвертий, щирий refuge [`refju:d4] n притулок
overeat [~3\v3r`i:t] v переїдати reliable [r`la3bl] adj надійний
relieve [r`li:v] v полегшувати; зменшувати
renewal [r`nju:3l] n відновлення
P requirement [r`kwa3m3nt] n вимога; умова; потре-
parental [p3`rentl] adj батьківський; материнський ба
pasture [`p%:st63(r)] n пасовище resist [r`zst] v протистояти
patient [`pe6nt] adj терплячий restless [`restl3s] adj неспокійний, невгамовний
peanut [`pi:n2t] (also ground nut) n арахіс restrain [r`stren] v стримувати; утримувати
perception [p3`sep6n] n сприйняття retain [r`ten] v утримувати
pertinent [`p-:tn3nt] adj слушний, придатний reveal [r`vi:l] v розкривати; виявляти
pistachio [p`st063\; p`st%:63\] (also pistachio nut) rewarding [r`w1:d8] adj що винагороджує
n фісташка
pitch [pt6] v просувати, рекламувати
placid [`pl0sd] adj мирний, спокійний
S
plunge [pl2nd4] (into smth) v поринати, занурюва- safeguard [`sefg%:d] v охороняти; гарантувати
тися, пірнати sanitation [~s0n`te6n] n санітарія
polio [`p3\li3\] (poliomyelitis [~p3\li3\`ma3`lats]) n searching [`s-:t68] adj старанний, глибокий, сум-
поліомієліт лінний
polite [p3`lat] adj ввічливий, чемний seek [si:k] (sought, sought) v намагатися; прагну-
powerful [`pa\3fl] adj сильний, потужний, могут- ти; шукати
ній segregation [~segr`ge6n] n відокремлення; сегрега-
precious [`pre63s] adj дорогоцінний, коштовний ція
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self-confident-worship Dictionary
self-confident [~self`k5nfd3nt] adj самовпевнений touching [`t2t68] adj зворушливий
self-esteem [~self`sti:m] n самоповага tough [t2f] adj міцний; стійкий; жорсткий
sense [sens] n почуття; відчуття; чуття trait [tret] n риса
serene [s3`ri:n] adj спокійний, тихий trunk [tr28k] n дорожня скриня, валіза
serious [`s3ri3s] adj серйозний; важливий; напо- trustworthy [`tr2st~w-:9i] adj який заслуговує на
легливий довіру
sermon [`s-:m3n] n проповідь truthful [`tru:7fl] adj правдивий
shy [6a] adj боязкий, нерішучий tsunami [tsu:`n%:mi] n цунамі
significant [sg`nfk3nt] adj значний, важливий typhoon [ta`fu:n] n тайфун
sin [sn] n гріх
sincere [sn`s3] adj щирий
sketch [sket6] n нарис; ескіз; звіт U
smallpox [`sm1:lp5ks] n віспа unacceptable [~2n3k`sept3bl] adj неприйнятний; не-
sociable [`s3\63bl] adj товариський припустимий
spellbound [`spelba\nd] adj приголомшений, зача- unbearable [2n`be3r3bl] adj нестерпний
рований uncouth [2n`ku:7] adj грубий
speller [`spel3(r)] n орфографічний довідник; люди- unilateral [~ju:n`l0tr3l] adj однобічний
на, яка пише грамотно або неграмотно unique [ju:`ni:k] adj особливий, винятковий
spice [spas] n спеція unlimited [2n`lmtd] adj необмежений
spoil [sp1l] (spoiled, spoiled; spoilt, spoilt) v псу- unreasonable [2n`ri:zn3bl] adj нерозважливий
вати(ся) unsophisticated [~2ns3`fstketd] adj простий, при-
startling [`st%:tl8] adj приголомшливий родний; простодушний
steed [sti:d] n кінь update [~2p`det] v модернізувати
strive [strav] (strove, striven or less frequent upheaval [2p`hi:vl] n переворот
strived, strived) v старатися; боротися (за utter [`2t3(r)] adj цілковитий; повний; абсолютний
щось)
stun [st2n] v приголомшувати
stunning [`st2n8] adj приголомшливий; прекрас- V
ний; який вражає vacancy [`vek3nsi] n вакансія
substance [`s2bst3ns] n речовина; матерія; субстан- vessel [`vesl] n посудина
ція vicious [`v63s] adj злобний, жорстокий
suffice [s3`fas] v вистачати victim [`vktm] n жертва
sustainable [s3`sten3bl] adj стійкий, життєздатний violence [`va3l3ns] n насильство; жорстокість
sympathetic [~smp3`7etk] adj сповнений співчуття
W
T
weave [wi:v] v ткати, плести
temper [`temp3(r)] n характер; настрій; дратівли- well-disposed [~weld`sp3\zd] adj доброзичливий,
вість прихильний
temple [`templ] n храм, церква well-organised [~wel`1:g3nazd] adj добре організова-
temptation [temp`te6n] n спокуса ний
theatregoer [`73t3~g3\3(r)] n театрал wisdom [`wzd3m] n мудрість
thoughtful [`71:tfl] adj замислений; глибокодумний worsen [`w-:sn] v погіршувати(ся)
tolerance [`t5l3r3ns] n толерантність worship [`w-:6p] n культ; шанування
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Texts for Listening
DIVE 1 Internet cafés and listening to music. 99 % of teenag-
ers are fond of watching TV and 98 % — listening to
8. Listen to the text about a man talking about solving music. These are their favourite activities. Most Brit-
problems through effective communication. For questions ish teenagers prefer to listen to hip-hop or nu-metal on
(1—4) choose the correct answers (A, B, C or D). their portable stereos, personal stereos and CD players.
Good morning everyone and thank you for coming Though 89 % of teenagers spend much time online-mail-
today. My name is Brendan Scott and I have over 15 ing their mates or making new friends in their favourite
years of experience in communication management. chat rooms.
Now, unfortunately, it isn’t always easy to get on with Of course, teenagers use not only the Internet but their
other people but when we do have disagreements, if own computers to play different games and do their
we learn to communicate with each other better, we’ll homework. They cannot imagine their lives without mo-
sort out our differences much faster and much more bile phones, either. Taking into consideration that mod-
easily. ern mobile phones are getting smaller and lighter with
So, today I’m here to talk to you about some communi- built-in video cameras teenagers can do a lot and spend
cation techniques that you can try using when you are hours texting their friends and chatting, taking photos
involved in a conflict with someone. Now, the best type and sending them over the Internet.
of communication involves a lot of listening! 11 % of British teenagers are vegetarians. They say
Lots of people think that they are listening when really that hunting is cruel. Being a vegetarian also influenc-
they are thinking about what they are going to say next. es teenagers’ lifestyle and forms a careful attitude to
A really good thing to do after someone has finished nature.
speaking is to repeat what they said back to them. That As for a school uniform, most teenagers have to wear
way they know that you are paying attention to them it. But in their free time they can wear whatever they
and will be more willing to listen to you when you start like.
explaining your point of view. Most teenagers think that their parents’ strictness is
Another good tip is to use “I” messages. What this means neither too much nor too little. As for friends, they are
is saying things like “I feel unhappy and frustrated when sure that they have to be loyal. Loyalty is considered to
this happens” rather than “you’re wrong”. If you always be the most important quality for a friend.
blame the other person, they may feel attacked and be- It’s true, of course, that teenagers have problems, too.
come angry and defensive and this will not help you sort It is a difficult time for them because growing up as an
out your differences! adolescent is a period of transformation, physical and
A common mistake is not taking responsibility for your emotional changes. But most of young people cope with
own mistakes. Don’t be afraid to say “I know you only all difficulties rather well. 49 % of Britain’s teenagers
acted like that because I was being unreasonable”. This like Britain very much, but 8 % of teenagers don’t like
shows maturity and often encourages the other person to it at all. Many teenagers are ready to live in another
be kinder and admit their mistakes, too. As a result, you country.
begin to understand each other a bit better. Remember
that the best solution is often a compromise. DIVE 5
It’s not about “winning” an argument, but making sure
you are both happy with the outcome. 5. Work in groups. Listen to the text and fill in the missing
words and expressions.
DIVE 2 Everybody wants to live a long healthy life. There exist
many ways to live a healthy life and among them there
4. Listen to the text about British teenagers and say which are such as eating healthy food, exercising, spending
of the following facts are not mentioned in the text. time outdoors in nature and others that have positive ef-
British Teenagers fects on human health.
Nowadays British teenagers spend much time doing their We should eat low-fat(1) food, more fruit, vegetables,
homework than any teenagers in the past. The research- meat, milk products that are rich in vitamins and pro-
ers have found out that when British teenagers have tein. We shouldn’t overeat as overeating causes a lot of
problems they first talk to their friends, then to their dangerous diseases, and shouldn’t eat junk food either.
parents, sisters or brothers and then teachers. British Eating junk food is not the best thing for our health as
teenagers say that actors, actresses and pop stars influ- it contains a lot of saturated fats which are associated
ence them much more than friends or family. with a great risk of cancer, liver and other diseases.
When they have free time, they like watching TV, go- If we cannot stop eating(2) junk food and cannot im-
ing out, playing computer games, meeting friends in agine our life without hamburgers or chocolate bars or
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something like that then we have to limit the amount of On weekends, I usually eat just some junk food that is
junk food we eat in order not to do much harm. It is a frozen.
great problem nowadays as the amount of junk food we It seems there’s at least one thing teens care more about
eat has increased(3) and the amount of exercising we do than what they wear: what they eat.
has actually decreased. According to Piper Jaffray’s teens study, teens are
We shouldn’t(4) eat at night either. If we keep to a diet, spending more money on food than on clothing, a trend
we must do it carefully because sometimes diets may be that’s been taking hold for several years.
harmful. If we want to be strong and healthy, then we “Food remains the single largest category of spending
mustn’t smoke, drink alcohol and especially take drugs(5) within the teen wallet”, analyst Nicole Miller Regan
as it causes many diseases and leads to death. We should wrote in a research note.
remember that alcohol, cigarettes and drugs destroy both Upper-income teenagers are spending 24 % of their cash
body and brain. on food. Teens from average-income homes are spending
We forget that doing sports helps reduce the chance of about 21 % on food.
being overweight. When we are active, we can control(6) David Trinh, High School Student
our weight.
Spending time in nature, regular exercising and balanced 7. Listen to the pupils of Kyiv language school № 211. Here
eating bring significant health benefits. If we improve is the first part of their discussion. They discuss the laws of
our eating habits, do sports, we’ll be better equipped health with their teacher Tetiana Kovalenko. Say what prob-
to deal(7) with our stressful lifestyles, our diseases and lems trouble them and why. Give your reasons.
our chances of having a heart attack in later life will also Pupil 1: People’s health is affected by a lot of factors
decrease. and I’d like to dwell on one of them. I do think that one
of the first duties we owe to ourselves is to keep our
DIVE 6 bodies in perfect health. If your body suffers from any
disorder, our mind suffers with it, and we are unable to
4. Listen to the text “What are most teenagers eating nowa- make progress in knowledge and we are unfit to perform
days?” and answer the questions. Write down your answers. those duties which are required in social life. There are
What Are Most Teenagers Eating Nowadays? certain laws of health which deserve particular attention.
I eat a lot of pies, with a lot of tomato sauce. I really A constant supply of pure fresh air is indispensable to
only eat apples for fruit, and I also eat a lot of carrots good health. All the rooms in our flats and houses, espe-
with cashew butter throughout the day. I have cereals for cially bedrooms, should be properly ventilated every day.
breakfast, and a lot of soup. I also eat a lot of bread with Pupil 2: You are absolutely right and I want to say that
garlic butter. perfect cleanliness is also essential, the whole body should
My other friends have much more normal diets. A lot of be washed as often as possible. The skin is full of minute
pizza, a lot of McDonald’s food, a lot of fruit, popcorn, pores, cells, blood vessels and nerves. It breathes the way
sweet potato chips and regular chips, meat, vegetables, the lungs do. Therefore it should always be clean. Besides
a lot of pistachios and peanuts, and a lot of sandwiches. there is a great charm in cleanliness. We like to look at
Abigail Bailey one who is tidy and clean. If the skin is kept clean, the
teeth are thoroughly brushed, the hair is neatly combed
For breakfast I eat at home cereals and at school a bun
and the fingernails are in order, we feel pleased with the
with spread cheese or something (few times a week both).
person.
I usually eat lunch at school, but it’s real food from the
Pupil 3: No doubt, cleanliness is very essential but I’d
kitchen. Mostly there is chicken or meat in some form and
like to mention that a certain amount of exercises is nec-
rice, pasta, potatoes, etc. and sometimes I’m in the mood
essary to keep the body in a perfect condition. All the
for salad.
powers (mental and bodily) we possess are strengthened
For dinner at home it’s baked potato or omelette, spread
by use and weakened by disuse.
cheese and vegetables, and at school again at the kitch-
Therefore labour and study should succeed each other. It
en so always hot cocoa (primary food as there’s nothing
is most essential to do morning exercises regularly and
to eat at dinner) and something tasty like cornflakes or
do some kind of sport.
pizza, etc.
Pupil 4: It is quite obvious that cleanliness and exercises
Between, sometimes I eat a fruit or a cookie if I’m at home.
are necessary. But I’d like to point out that a good rest
Inbar Aran
and enough sleep are very important, too. Some pupils
Well, I can’t speak for all teenagers across the world. sit up late at night and we should remember late hours
But as for me and quite a lot of my friends, we skip are very harmful for health as they exhaust the nervous
breakfast. For lunch, what I eat varies quite a bit, es- system. We should go to bed early and get up early. It
pecially because I buy lunch from the school lunch line must be a good rule “to rise with the lark and go to bed
and it changes every day. I will point out that most of with the lamb”.
it is carbohydrates though. Pasta, sandwiches, rice. For Pupil 3: I quite agree with you, Lena, but it’s rather dif-
dinner, probably more rice. ficult to keep to this rule, especially this year, when we
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have seven lessons at school and then you have to attend Pupil 2: So, we come to the conclusion that there is
the preparatory courses at university in the evening. We nothing more important than health and scientists state
feel overstrained because we lack rest and sleep and it that 50 % of health depends on the lifestyle of people.
makes us feel depressed. Physical exercises will be of And it depends upon us — if we want to be healthy and
great help in this situation. live a long life or we choose diseases and a miserable life.
Pupil 4: And I’d like to touch upon the importance of
healthy food and a balanced diet. Our body is continually
wasting and requires to be repaired by fresh food with DIVE 7
due regard to the exercise and energy of the body. There
6. Work in groups. Listen to the dialogue and act it out.
is an American saying: you are what you eat. There is no
doubt that healthy food and a balanced diet are essential Waiter: Can I help you? Are you ready to order?
for our good health alongside with physical exercises. It Jack: Not quite. We haven’t decided on the menu yet.
is important that food should contain all necessary sub- Can you tell us what your best dishes are, please?
stances such as vitamins, minerals, fibre, protein, carbo- Waiter: Oh, yes, with great pleasure. We have roast
hydrates and fat. We should be moderate in eating. We beef served with honey and mustard sauce, salmon in
don’t have to overeat. We have to remember about over- a creamy mushroom sauce, chicken with fried potatoes
weight as people can suffer from a lot of health prob- and lots more.
lems. Jack: I’ll have roast beef served with honey and mustard
Pupil 2: I fully agree with you and I’d like to add a few sauce and green salad.
words concerning the importance of a balanced diet. Ann: And as for me, I’ll have salmon in a creamy mush-
First of all we should consume less fat, sugar and sat- room sauce and green salad.
urated fat. Secondly, we should eat more raw fruit and Waiter: And what about you?
vegetables as they contain a lot of vitamins, minerals Tom: I’ll have chicken Kyiv with fried potatoes. Do you
and fibre. The latter is especially important for adults. have chicken Kyiv?
They need 30 grammes of fibre per day, it helps the di- Waiter: Yes, of course.
gestive system work properly and protects it against such Tom: In my opinion, it is the best Ukrainian dish.
diseases as cancer. Waiter: And what about dessert?
Pupil 1: In addition to what has been said by Tonia I’d Jack: A cherry pie and a cup of tea.
like to say that if we want to lose weight, we should do it Ann: An apple pie and a cup of tea.
regularly. People who lose weight quickly usually gain it Tom: A cup of coffee, please.
back quickly, too. And it’s very essential to eat regularly. Waiter: You are welcome. Anything else?
We must remember that moderation in eating, reasonable Jack: No, thank you.
hours of labour and study, regularity in exercises, rec-
reation, rest and cleanliness lay the foundation for good DIVE 9
health and a long life.
8. Work in pairs. Listen to the dialogue and act it out.
8. Listen to the second part of the pupils’ discussion. Say
what problems haven’t been mentioned yet. Give your rea- Jane: Hi, Jim, where are you going?
sons. Jim: Hi, Jane. I am going to get a ticket to the show at
the club tomorrow.
Pupil 1: And I’d like to dwell on hazardous habits such Jane: Who’s playing?
as smoking, alcohol abuse and taking drugs which affect Jim: It’s a singer called ZZ Ward. My sister has listened
people’s health greatly. It’s rather an important and vi- to her and said she’s amazing!
tal problem of nowadays. We all know that smokers are Jane: Really?
at a high risk of getting different diseases. Statistics Jim: Yes. You know, my friend goes to a lot of concerts
says that smoking causes at least 24 diseases, 15 types and she has said ZZ Ward is one of the best. She sings
of cancer, numerous heart and lung diseases. country, pop and indie songs.
Pupil 4: You are quite right in saying that smoking, tak- Jane: Wow, we are getting a chance to listen to her.
ing drugs and alcohol abuse by young people and teen- Jim: So, do you want to go with me to the concert to-
agers are serious problems of nowadays that need to be morrow? Tickets for the concert are only $10.
solved. I’m convinced that educational and anti-smoking Jane: OK. It sounds good. Let’s go and buy tickets.
and anti-drug campaigns should be organised in our soci-
ety more widely to make people understand it.
Pupil 3: I’d like to stress that people who continue smok- DIVE 11
ing and taking drugs know that cigarettes and drugs are
very hazardous to their health. But they don’t pay at- 6. Listen to the text about a visit to the theatre and com-
tention to warning labels on cigarettes, anti-smoking plete the sentences.
and anti-drug campaigns on TV and the radio. I think A Visit to the Theatre
parents should be more responsible for their children’s I’m not much of a theatregoer, though I can’t miss
choice to smoke, drink alcohol and take drugs. a chance to go there with my friends.
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As it was St Valentine’s Day, my friends and I decided to — One of the means is the composition of the picture.
celebrate it in a particular way. And the only idea which Let’s comment on the peculiarities of a famous picture
had come to us was to go to the theatre. When we tried of Kateryna Bilokur, “The Portrait by an Artist’s Niec-
to book the tickets we found out that almost all of them es”. Which part of the canvas did the artist place the
had been sold out long before. So, we had to buy seats in girls in?
the gallery, though I prefer the orchestra stalls or seats — She placed the girls in the centre of the picture.
in the centre of the pit. — Why are they depicted in the centre?
At last the day of the performance came. When we went — Probably because the main attention of the view-
into the hall all our anxieties faded away. Though the er should concentrate on them and thus she gave us a
seats were far from the stage we had a wonderful view chance to take a good look not only at their faces but at
of it. Soon the bell rang and the show began. During the their figures as well.
performance I completely forgot about everything and — What attracts your attention to the picture?
plunged into that fantastic world which the actors and — The happy faces of the girls, their smiles and also the
actresses tried to create on the stage. In my opinion, the beauty of the nature that surrounds them.
play was splendid. The stage director tried to combine all — You all know that the eyes are the mirror of the soul.
the repertoire of the theatre in one play and no wonder Which features of the character are reflected in their
it was a success. The audience had been clapping rather eyes?
powerfully and the actors and actresses had their curtain — The girls are friendly, hard-working, loving and ami-
calls. able.
The cast acted rather naturally, but the main actor was — What colours does the artist use?
the best. He had several roles in the play and I was great- — They are mostly bright and juicy.
ly impressed by his ability to express the individuality of — Let’s summarise. In general the picture makes an im-
all characters. Due to his profound understanding of the pression of joy and kindness. It reflects the beauty of the
human nature the actor managed to convey the thinnest Ukrainian countryside which is noted by everyone who
emotions and depict the feelings rather vividly. Whether comes to Ukraine. Thank you for the excursion.
he was playing a good character or a bad one his mono-
logues had their own particular sense and revealed the DIVE 15
reality hidden under the surface of things. Though it was
a hard task, he coped with it perfectly. 8. Listen to the text and check your answers.
No wonder theatre is considered to be the enduring home Generation Z
of “dramatic experience”, which is surely one of the most During the discussions of the clash between generations
searching, rewarding and enchanting of different kinds the youngest generation, generation Z, are almost entire-
of experience. ly ignored. Though generation Z are interesting, distinc-
Cheers, tive, different and don’t have to be ignored.
Jane They are digital natives. They have grown up with the
knowledge that they can speak to anyone around the
DIVE 12 world through assorted social media networks. Genera-
tion Z are the first generation for whom the extraordi-
12. Listen to the dialogue. Act it out and complete the table. nary technologies of the 20th century are just a normal
— Good morning, dear children. You are now at the part of their life and they are able to adapt and cope
Ukrainian National Museum of Decorative Arts. We are with the newest technologies much better than the pre-
going to take a good look at the pictures of Kateryna vious generation.
Bilokur, a famous Ukrainian artist. Before we start, I’d There are also some contradictions in generation Z’s be-
like to know what you feel when you look at a good pic- liefs that separate them from the others. They are fond
ture. of living and working all around the world but they are
— It depends on a picture. If I take a look at a land- deeply anxious and afraid of terrorism, extremism, con-
scape, I feel relaxed and joyful. flicts and war, and of course, they are kept from feeling
— A painting doesn’t make the viewer indifferent, but safe. Then they face economic downturns, the members
worries and excites him or her. How do you think the of their families lose their jobs, an international finan-
painter managed to stir the viewer’s imagination? cial upheaval causes a lot of problems. So generation Z
— Probably the painter reflects her views on life and are frugal and cautious in comparison with other gene-
shows her talent. rations. They are socially liberal and tolerant.
— The artist can’t use words but something different. They are health-conscious, too. They have snacks of nuts
What do you think it is? and fruit instead of chocolate and crisps, giving up some
— The play of paints and light, perhaps. The ability to bad habits. Generation Z can socialise with friends online
hide shortages and show benefits of a subject, making a more easily than any previous generation and spend less
special accent on beauty. time going to parties. Various public health campaigns
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against bad habits have caused generation Z to start off Alzheimer’s disease killed 1,9 million people in 2015 —
forming good ones. They value their privacy very much. that’s more than died from HIV/AIDS (1,2 million). The
They are businesslike and worried about their future ca- World Health Organization, the United Nation’s interna-
reers. Generation Z have grown up in a world that hasn’t tional public health agency, has committed to a demen-
made them feel financially secure and they are more tia action plan that would see the first disease-modifying
realistic than other generations. They dream of becom- treatment developed by 2025. It goes without saying that
ing entrepreneurs, building up their own business. They it is an ambitious goal but an achievable one.
know that running their own business can be very hard Reporter: Let it be so! And what about polio?
work but they are ready for it. Their goals are optimistic Doctor: There is no cure but vaccination is widely avail-
and possible in the plans for their future careers. able. By 2014 polio was eliminated through vaccination
They are changing the distinction between childhood in many countries. There are only a few countries in the
and adulthood. Generation Z’s awareness of the Internet world which have cases of polio. But cases of polio con-
and their privacy means that teenagers first think about tinue to fall as vaccination spreads. The hope remains
what they are going to say and how they are saying it. that in 2020 polio will join smallpox, cholera, plague as
After finishing schools at the age of 17—18 they will en- horrific killers that global cooperation has eliminated
ter university as they have a strong sense of identity and completely.
determination to be successful in life. Reporter: As far as I know many of today’s deadly dis-
(www.oxford-royale.co.uk) eases are genetic. A group of diseases that all have a ge-
netic basis can cause the weakening and breakdown of
skeletal muscles, blood disorders, anaemia, swelling of
DIVE 18 hands, attacks of pain, bacterial infections, a stroke,
some variants of breast cancer and an early onset of
8. Listen to the interview with a scientist about very serious Alzheimer’s disease.
diseases and the ways of their treatment. Decide if these If scientists manage to develop germline engineering
statements are true or false. which alters reproductive cells so that the genetic dis-
Reporter: The last hundred years have seen many great eases a person has aren’t inherited by their children, it
achievements in science and technology — a man on the will eliminate genetic diseases altogether as they will no
moon, the development of the Internet and lots more longer be passed on to future generations. Some scien-
but perhaps the greatest triumph has been the advance tists believe germline engineering will become possible
of modern medicine. The 20th century saw the elimina- to carry out reliably and effectively within the next 20
tion of smallpox, cholera, plague but there are serious years, with remarkable results for human life expectancy
problems which remain in medicine and it also saw the and the quality of life.
appearance of HIV/AIDS, a new disease that still kills Reporter: Thank you, Jack, for sharing all this with us.
millions of people worldwide. Doctor: Thank you for inviting me.
Though nowadays a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS is no longer (www.oxford-royale.co.uk)
a death sentence as proper medical treatment is available.
And today we’ll have a meeting with a doctor, a scientist 10. Listen to the text about one of the famous Ukrainian
who has spent his life searching for new treatments and scientists, L. Kadeniuk, for getting specific information and
new technologies in medicine. He’s probably the most answer the questions.
popular doctor in our country. His name is Jack Tomp- Leonid Kadeniuk is the first astronaut of independent
son. Ukraine. He was born in 1951 in the village of Klishkiv-
Doctor: Oh, come on. I’m doing my job the best I can. tsi not far from Chernivtsi. In 1967 he finished a second-
Reporter: And a modest one, too! OK. The members of ary school in Chernivtsi with a silver medal. He dreamt
our family have a great problem with our grandmother of being a pilot. So he went to Chernihiv High Military
because of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease. Perhaps de- Flying School. In 1971 his dream came true. Leonid be-
mentia is a natural part of ageing. But what can we do came a test pilot. From 1976 he trained for space flights
to alleviate her sufferings? in different kinds of spaceships.
Doctor: I’m often asked this question. Really, it is a In 1995 Kadeniuk was included in the group of Ukrain-
great problem for you and your grandmother because of ian astronauts. He trained to fly on spaceships «Space
memory loss, dementia isn’t a natural part of ageing, it Shuttle». In July 1996 he arrived in the USA for space
is a disease. flight training. From November, 19 to December 5, 1997
Now there is the same progress in treating dementia. We he made a space flight as an experimenter on the Ameri-
have developed drugs that help alleviate the symptoms of can spaceship «Columbia». His flight lasted for 15 days,
dementia, especially Alzheimer’s disease. 16 hours and 34 minutes.
Alzheimer’s disease damages nerve cells in the brain and After his space flight Leonid Kadeniuk returned to
existing drugs help boost the effectiveness even of dam- Ukraine. He worked in the National Space Agency of
aged nerve cells. So the symptoms are alleviated, at least Ukraine. He was in the group of the NASA astronauts.
for a time. In 2018 he died.
204
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DIVE 21 in art, arts management, photography, drama, dance,
literature, creative writing, film or design, it brings the
12. Listen to teenagers’ dialogue. They are discussing what best of the UK culture to you.
to do in summer, where to go and what they have to know The British Council works in partnership with govern-
if they want to enjoy their trip. Say what they have decided. ment and civil society to advance debate, knowledge and
Den: Hi, Max! Haven’t seen you for ages! Have you de- skills in governance, human rights and social inclusion.
cided what you are going to do in summer? We are hav- There you can find out how to get involved with one of
ing such a wonderful weather now. I don’t want to stay the projects or initiatives.
in town. Other organisations established to foster relations between
Max: Oh, yes, you’re right. I wish I were enjoying na- Ukraine and the UK include the British-Ukrainian Law
ture now. Association (established in 1993), the British-Ukrainian
Den: So, any ideas? Chamber of Commerce (1997), the Ukrainian-British City
Max: Well, nothing’s definite. Perhaps somewhere where Club (2005) and the British-Ukrainian Society (2007).
I’d be happy to walk, watching animals and birds, ad-
miring wild beautiful flowers. I don’t enjoy crowds of DIVE 26
people.
Den: Neither do I. 5. Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
Max: OK. Let’s go to Askania-Nova. It’s one of the sev- Fun Facts and Myths about George Washington
en wonders of Ukraine. We can walk or ride a horse and There are many facts about George Washington that are
from the mounds we can watch animals and birds even known all over the world. But there are many fascinating
extinct in their homelands. facts about this enigmatic figure which are less known.
Den: Great! By the way, the Askania-Nova reserve is easy George Washington was an avid horse rider and he is
to be accessed by tourists and is part of ecotourism. But often pictured mounted on his faithful steed during the
if the weather is bad… American Revolution. But, did you know that George
Max: Oh, no. I don’t like all these “buts” or “ifs”. If we Washington was credited for introducing the mule to the
decide, we’ll go to Askania-Nova. And no “ifs”. United States? He was a big fan of mules and believed
Den: Let it be so! I agree with you. But the main thing is them to be better work animals than horses. So, he em-
to find information for tourists: location of Askania-No- barked on a breeding programme where his prized horses
va, activities and attractions, food prices and lots more. were mated with donkeys and thus produced mules.
I hope we’ll find this useful information on the Internet. The second fun fact about George Washington illustrates
Max: Cool! I hope we’ll enjoy our trip. why he was often considered a man of few words.
Den: So do I. George Washington’s second inaugural address was the
shortest one ever given by a US President. It was of
DIVE 23 a mere 135 words and took only a few moments to re-
cite.
3. Listen to the text and decide if these statements are true Another fun fact about George Washington involves him
or false. and the White House. While the White House and George
The British Council is the United Kingdom’s internation- Washington seem to go together like the USA and base-
al organisation for educational opportunities and cultural ball, there is one thing that is often overlooked by most
relations. It is a recognised world authority on cultural people. George Washington was the only president who
relations, English-language teaching, education and arts. never lived in the White House.
The purpose of the British Council is to build a mutually Coming in at number four on the list is George Wash-
beneficial relationship among people in the UK and other ington’s famous artificial dentures. Many people realise
countries and increase appreciation of the UK’s creative that President Washington had artificial dentures, but
ideas and achievements. most people believe that they were constructed of wood.
The British Council was founded in 1934 and operates Unfortunately, this belief is dead wrong. Wooden teeth
from 226 cities in 110 countries around the world. It would have been highly uncomfortable and most likely
appointed its first overseas representatives in Egypt, Ro- would have left splinters. George Washington had access
mania, Poland and Portugal in 1938. Its Patron is Queen to the best dentists of the time, who crafted him false
Elizabeth II. The Prince of Wales is Vice-Patron. It has teeth made out of ivory, gold, lead, animal bone and hu-
been operating in Ukraine since 1992 and is present man teeth.
in these cities: Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, and Odesa. In the Number five about this founding father involves the
same year the BBC World Service introduced a Ukraini- strange importance that Friday had in his life. George
an-language service, and members of the UK Parliament Washington was born on Friday, he became Lieutenant
formed an All-Party Parliamentary Ukrainian Group. Colonel on Friday, he laid the foundation stone for the
The British Council in Ukraine supports the development White House on Friday, and he was elected President of
of long-lasting and mutually-beneficial cultural relations the Constitutional Congress on Friday. He even complet-
between the UK and Ukraine. Whether you are interested ed the last day of his last term as president on Friday!
205
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George Washington was a president who was particular the state. The larger states have more congressmen than
about what he ate. Which brings us to number six on the smaller ones. All in all there are 435 congressmen in
our list of facts and myths. George Washington was very the House of Representatives. A representative’s term is
fond of peanut soup and ate it almost every day. He was two years. The Constitution gives many powers to Con-
also fond of green beans served with mushrooms. But his gress. One important power of Congress is the power to
favourite food of all time was ice cream. In fact, he was declare war.
so fond of ice cream that he had ice cream coolers in- Pupil 4: The second branch of the government is the
stalled in his home. An act that was nearly unheard of President and his helpers. They carry out the laws that
during the 18th century. Congress makes. The President signs bills and then they
Our fun fact number seven about George Washington become laws. The Vice President and members of the
concerns his widespread popularity. While many people Cabinet help the President make decisions. The US Pres-
realise that he was a popular president, many don’t know ident is Commander-in-Chief of the country’s armed forc-
just how popular he was. There is one state (Washing- es. A person who wants to become the President must
ton State), 31 counties and 18 cities named in his hon- be born in the United States, must be at least 35 years
our. Not to mention that his face adorns the dollar bill, old and must live in the United States at least 14 years
Mount Rushmore and his face was placed on the first before becoming the President. The President’s term is
postage stamp ever created for the United States. four years and one can be the President for one or two
George Washington was also the first President of the terms, but no longer. Americans vote for the President
United States to free all his slaves. President Washing- in November of every leap year.
ton had over one hundred slaves on his Mount Vernon Pupil 2: The third branch of the government is the Su-
estate when he died in 1799. Upon his death, these slaves preme Court. It is made up of nine judges — the most
were granted freedom according to the terms set down important judges in the country. They have to make sure
in his will. that the President and Congress follow the Constitution.
They decide what the Constitution and the laws passed
DIVE 27 by Congress mean when there is an argument about their
meaning. The judges work in the Supreme Court as long
4. Listen to pupils of “Holosiivskyi” Kyiv lyceum № 241. They as they live.
are discussing the parliamentary system of the USA togeth- Pupil 1: Americans are very proud of their Constitution.
er with their teacher Nataliia Tymoshyna. After listening de- It was written more than 200 years ago and it is still
cide if the statements are true or false. working! But people in the United States can change the
Presentation of the USA Parliament Constitution.
Pupil 1: As you know, the American colonies of Ameri- Pupil 4: Changes in the Constitution are called amend-
ca won the Revolutionary War. After that they became ments. There are 27 amendments which are part of the
free and independent states, but they needed one strong Constitution. The first ten amendments are called the
national government. That’s why in the year 1787 all Bill of Rights. They were made in 1791. The Bill of
the states sent their representatives to Philadelphia Rights guarantees the people of the USA such impor-
where they wrote the Constitution. The Constitution is tant rights and freedoms as freedom of press, freedom
the highest law in the United States which describes the of religion, the right to go to the court, have a lawyer
powers of the national government and those of state and some others.
governments. Pupil 3: Soon after the Civil War there were important
Pupil 2: The US government is like a tree with a strong amendments. The 13th amendment ended slavery, the 14th
trunk and three branches. The trunk is the people. It amendment made all Black people citizens of the United
holds up the tree: without the support of the people States, the 15th amendment gave the Black the right to
there can be no government. The people choose the men vote (long ago only white men who were over 21 years
who make American laws. old and owned property could vote in the United States).
Pupil 3: The first branch of the tree is Congress. Con- In 1919 the 19th amendment gave women the right to
gress is a meeting of representatives from all the states. vote. In 1971 the 26th amendment gave people who are
The people elect those representatives. Congress makes 18 years old and older the right to vote.
laws that everybody must obey. Congress meets in the
US capital in Washington D.C. Congress is divided into DIVE 30
two parts, the Senate and the House of Representatives.
Every state, no matter how large or small, sends two 6. Listen to the text. The pupil of the 11th form gives piec-
people to the Senate. These people are called senators. es of advice to help you pass your External Independent
There are one hundred senators in the Senate. A sena- Testing. Discuss. Decide if these pieces of advice are useful
tor’s term is six years. Each state also sends people to for you. Give your reasons. Add your own pieces of advice,
the House of Representatives. They are called congress- write down and present them to the classmates.
men or congresswomen. The number of congressmen from Everybody knows that at the end of the 11th forms stu-
each state depends on the number of people who live in dents must pass exams in order to successfully enter
206
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Ukrainian and foreign universities. That is why it is nec- DIVE 31
essary to pass them. No doubt that it is a heavy respon-
sibility, so students need to know how to avoid stress 10. Listen to the text and complete the sentences.
before exams and pass them well. In this article I will What will I be when I leave school? There are over 2000
give suggestions and I hope they will help every student. professions to choose from and make a decision. Some
First of all, it is essential to start studying ahead of follow their parents’ advice and some follow their own
time. As there are a lot of subjects at school, students choice. To make the right choice, you should consider
usually have a lack of time to learn everything they need your traits of character.
in a short time. So, to become a good doctor, you must be patient, easy-
Even the most intensive exam timetables will allow a going and kind. To become a good detective, you must
little time for a study break. Spending some time away be brave, fair and strong. To become a good teacher, you
from books will leave you feeling more refreshed and re- must have profound knowledge of subjects and the ability
laxed the next time you revise the material. to explain.
It is necessary to take short breaks for a walk with In addition, if you want to work with people, you could
friends or watch your favourite film. Listening to a co- become a nurse, a teacher, a secretary or a police officer
median will relax you a bit and make you laugh. Listen- and help them. If you are practical and love making
ing to classical music can not only create a positive and things, you will do well as a motor mechanic, a builder, a
productive environment but also increase your mood en- plumber, an electrician or a carpenter. If you love books
couraging you to study more efficiently and for longer and are good at foreign languages, you may be a journal-
periods of time. ist, a librarian, an editor or a translator. If you are cra-
In my opinion, it is great to make a revision timetable zy about computers and the latest technologies, you may
and plan your day. This way, you can save your time. I become an engineer, a bank clerk, a computer program-
think that if you study with a friend it is easier to get mer, or even an astronaut. If you want to do something
new information because you can help each other with creative, can draw, paint or take good photographs, you
difficult tasks. could become a photographer, an artist or a fashion de-
It is also important to speak to someone if you really feel signer. These are glamorous jobs but you might be unem-
stress. Firstly, you may tell a family member or a friend ployed some of the time.
about the pressure you feel. Secondly, if you speak to Speaking about my future job, I would like to say that
people about your worries and concerns, they can offer when I grow up, I would like to be a photographer.
you some more advice on how to manage stress. Then you A photographer works in a studio and takes photos for
will know that you are not alone in feeling like this. magazines and newspapers. My friend would like to be-
You should also not forget about your health. You should come a doctor. A doctor works in a hospital and helps
eat healthy food, which gives you energy for mental and sick people. My sister would like to become a reporter.
physical work. Remember that nutritious meal is one of A reporter works for a newspaper and often interviews
the most important factors for students’ high achieve- interesting and famous people: politicians, actors and
ment at school. musicians. My brother would like to become a musician.
Many people believe that eating dark chocolate also helps A musician plays a musical instrument and practises
effectively fight stress. And of course, having breakfast every day and plays in concerts the world over. There
before an exam is a must for a student who wants to fo- are also many other interesting jobs. For example, a vet
cus and be most efficient during their exam. helps sick animals. A pilot flies planes from country to
You should also sleep enough to be active and stay country and travels a lot over the world. A ballet dancer
healthy. Most importantly, sleep helps your brain assim- works for a ballet company, practises every day, dances
ilate new knowledge into your long-term memory so that in the evenings, and wears beautiful costumes. A teacher
you can recall it when the test day comes. works at a school or university and teaches students.
Making a conclusion, I would like to mention that it Making a conclusion, I would like to mention that it
would not be an exaggeration to say that if you do all would not be an exaggeration to say that it seems hard
that is written above, it will be easier for you to pass to find a job which you would like, but everything is pos-
your External Independent Testing. sible.
207
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Відомості про користування підручником
Стан підручника
№ Прізвище та ім’я Навчаль-
з/п учня / учениці ний рік на початку наприкінці
року року
1
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Навчальне видання
БУРЕНКО Валентина Миколаївна
«АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА (11-й рік навчання, рівень стандарту)»
підручник для 11 класу закладів загальної середньої освіти
Редактор С. А. Зіміна.
Технічний редактор С. Я. Захарченко.
Комп’ютерна верстка С. О. Петрачкова.
Художнє оформлення В. І. Труфена.
Коректор Н. В. Красна.