The Internal & external parts of the

System Unit

The image you've provided is of an open computer system unit

with various parts labelled. Here's an explanation of each
component and its function:

1. Power Supply : Converts electricity from a standard outlet into a usable form for the
computer and distributes power to the various components within the system unit.

2. Power Cables : These are the cables that carry electrical power from the power supply to
the different components that need it, like the motherboard, hard drives, and optical drives.

3. Case Fan : Helps to circulate air and cool down the internal components of the computer
to prevent overheating.

4. Central Processing Unit (CPU) & Fan : The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the main
processor that performs most of the computational tasks. The fan attached to it helps to
keep the CPU cool during operation.

5. Input/Output : This usually refers to the ports and slots on the motherboard through
which external devices are connected to the computer, allowing for data to be input to or
output from the system.

6. Random Access Memory (RAM) : This is the computer's short-term memory, which
stores data that is being actively used or processed by the CPU.
7. Daughter Board : This is a smaller circuit board attached to the motherboard that extends
its functionality with additional ports or features.

8. Motherboard: The main circuit board of the computer to which all other components
connect. It houses the CPU, RAM, and other essential components and allows them to
communicate with each other.

9. Battery : Often a small coin-cell battery, it provides power to maintain system settings and
the real-time clock when the main power is off.

10. Data Cables : These are the cables that transmit data between the motherboard and
storage devices, like the hard disk drive and CD-ROM drive.

11. Floppy Disk Drive : A now largely obsolete storage device that reads and writes data on
floppy disks.

12. Hard Disk Drive : A data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve
digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with
magnetic material.

13. Compact Disk - Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) : A type of optical disk drive that reads
data stored on CD-ROMs. It is also an older technology that has been largely replaced by
DVD and Blu-ray drives.

14. Case : The outer enclosure that houses all the computer's internal components and
provides protection and structure.
 External - System unit

The image shows the back panel of a desktop computer's system

unit with labels pointing to various ports, connectors, and
components. Here is an explanation of each labelled part:

1. Power Supply Cooling Fan - Helps to remove heat generated by the power supply
unit (PSU) to keep it operating efficiently and prevent overheating.

2. Power Connector - Where the computer's power cable is connected to provide

electrical power to the system unit.

3. PS/2 Keyboard Connector : A port for connecting older keyboards using the PS/2
interface.

4. PS/2 Mouse Connector - Similar to the keyboard connector, this port is for
connecting a mouse using the PS/2 interface.

5. Serial COM Port - A communication port used for connecting serial devices, such
as some older mice or specialized equipment.

6. Video Graphic Array (VGA) Port - A video port for connecting a monitor using the
Video Graphics Array (VGA) standard.

7. Universal Serial Bus (USB) - USB Ports ports used for connecting various
peripherals such as keyboards, mice, external storage devices, printers, and more.
8. Microphone Jack - An audio input port for connecting a microphone.

9. Audio Out Jack - An audio output port for connecting speakers or headphones.

10. Line In Jack - An audio input port for connecting external audio sources, like an
MP3 player or a musical instrument.

11. 56Kbps RJ-11 Modem Ports - Ports for connecting a dial-up modem to a telephone
line for internet access.

12. Thumb Screw - Screws that can be turned by hand without the need for a
screwdriver, used for securing the side panel or other components.

13. Parallel Port - An older interface used primarily for connecting printers.

14. Case Cooling Fan - Similar to the power supply cooling fan, this fan helps remove
heat from inside the computer case.

15. 10/100Mbps RJ-45 Ethernet LAN Port - A port for connecting the computer to a
network via an Ethernet cable for internet or local area network (LAN) access.

16. Security Lock Port - A slot where a lock can be attached to secure the computer
from theft.

17. Expansion Slots - Open slots on the motherboard where additional cards (such
as graphics cards, sound cards, or network cards) can be installed to expand the
computer's capabilities.

18. Thumb Screw - (Same as above) Screws for easy manual fastening and
removal of components or panels.
 Input and Output
INPUT DEVICES
- Input devices are hardware that sends data to a computer,
allowing users to interact with and provide data to the computer.
Here are some common input devices and their functions:

1. Keyboard : Allows users to input text and commands by pressing keys.

2. Mouse : Enables users to point, click, and interact with graphical elements on the
screen.

3. Microphone : Captures audio which can be used for voice commands, dictation, or
communication.

4. Scanner : Converts documents and images into a digital format that the computer
can process.

5. Camera/Webcam : Captures still or moving images and sends them to the

computer.

6. Touch Screen : Detects touch or stylus input on the screen for direct interaction
with the interface.

7. Game Controllers/Joysticks : Allow users to interact with games or simulations by

providing various controls.

8. Barcode Reader : Scans and inputs data from barcodes typically for inventory and
sales systems.

9. Sensors : Various sensors can input data about the environment, like temperature,
light, motion, etc.

Function of Input Devices:

- To provide a method for users to give information to the computer system.
- To enable the computer to receive data from external sources.
- To interact with software applications in order to perform specific tasks.
OUTPUT DEVICES
- Output devices are hardware that receive and display or project
data from a computer. Here are some common output devices
and their functions:

1. Monitor/Display Screen : Displays visual output from the computer, including the
user interface and media content.

2. Printer : Produces a hard copy of digital documents and images on paper.

3. Speakers/Headphones : Output sound from the computer, including music, system

sounds, and voice.

4. Projector : Projects computer screen images onto a larger surface for viewing by
a wider audience.

5. Liquid Crystal Display (LED) Indicators : Provide visual indication of a computer's

status or activity.

6. Vibration motors : Common in mobile devices, provide tactile feedback.

7. Braille Display : Translates text into braille for visually impaired users.

Function of Output Devices:

- To convey the result of data processing carried out by the computer to the user.
- To reproduce digital information into physical forms (e.g., printing a document).
- To provide feedback to the user about actions performed on the computer.