DRESSING 2

FIRST AID DRESSINGS AN D

CHARLE SEVILLO
WENDY MARIE AMAHIDDO
NOREN MAR SIMORA
KATHERINE KAYE ABACAJI N
- JULIE MARIE CHRISTIE
o Basic to a first aider is the learning of the skill in
bandaging and splinting. The bandage is any materials
that is used to hold a dressing. (A dressing is a
sterile
iece @f cloth p,lac:e€1 €1 irectly ·0yer the W®t:J ndL) or
-- c:©mpress in
@ lace, t© prevemt infectiern of a wot1ma, t0 apply pressure
to control bleedin or to support oroken bones when used
as a sling. The most papular bandage
in first aid is the triangular bandage. A triangular
bandage may be used as open or folded. Once folded it
is called cravat.
 GUIDELINES IN USING DRESSING AND BANDAGES

o Use a dressing that is large enough to extend atleast 1inch beyond the
edges of the wound.
If body tissue or organs are exposed, cover the wound with a dressing
that will not stick, such as plastic wrap ·Or moistened gauze. then
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secure
the dressing with a bandage or adhesive tapes.
oIf the bandage is over a joirnt, splint and make a bulky dressing so the
joint remains immobilized. if there is no movement of a wound over joint,
there should be improved healing and reduced scarring.
o A bandage should fit snugly but should not cut off circulation or cause
the victim discomfort. if the area beyond the wound changes in color,
begins to tingle or feel cold, or if the wound starts to swell,the bandages
is too tight and should be loosened.
BANDAGING TECHNIQUES DEPEND UPON:
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DRESSING
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An artificial wound

Dr. SUNIL VISHWAKARMA

K.B.B. HOSPITAL , BANDRA WEST
MUMBAI
 Introduction
An tisepsis: is a process of destructi on of disease ca
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microorganism to prevent infection on patient body

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it cou ld be bacteriostatic( limiting growt h of bacteria ) or bacteriocid al proced u re (kills bacter
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Disinfection: process of killing pathogenic organism fram
innominate objec ts like instruments.

sepsis: practice to reduce or eliminate infection causing agents

ntering in environment of patient.
Dressing
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Material applied to wound with or without medication to give \
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protection and assist in wound healing. \

Ideal dressi ng :
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They should They should

1. absorbent , remove excess exudate

2. maintain moist environment
3.aid tissues to remove necrotic material
4. promote healing
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5. prevent trauma to underlying healing grnulation tissue. \
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6. leak-proof, prevent passage of organism to wound \I
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7.maintain temperature Et gaseous exchange \
8. allow easy pain free dressing change \ I
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9. odourless \

10. cosmetically acceptable Et comfortable \

11. inexpensive
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Classification of dressing \
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._.,. Primary /secon day \ I

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._.,. Passive/acti ve I i nteractive
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Pr imary dressi ng \
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1. also cal l ed contac t layer

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2..comes in direct contac t of I

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wound
Ex. Band aid \

Secondary dressing
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Is pl aced over pr imary dressing to pr ovide

incr eased pr otection .
Ex. Self -adhesi ve elasti c bandage
 Passive/active/interactive

1. Pass i ve- for pr otection ,as pr otecti ve dressing

2.Active - pr omotes heal ing through the creation

of mois t wound environment .

] .Interactive dressing- not only creates a moist wound

environment bu t interact wi th the wound bed
component to fur ther enhance wound heal ing.
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·:·Reduces bac ter ial col onizat i on count In wound

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•!• Reduces the level of exudat e
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·:·Impr oves wound bed moistur e retention.
·:·Impr oves wound col l agen mat r ix.
·:·Removes cel l ul ar debr is
·:·Provi de pr otection to the epi thel ial bed
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Aim of wound dressing \

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1. To keep the wound clean \ I
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2. To reduce the spread of micro organisms
3. To enhance tissue healing \ \

4. To absorb or localize drainage of wound

5. To support injured part
 Purpose of wound Dressings
1. To pr otec t the wound from mechani cal i njury
2. To pr otec t the wound from microbial contami nat i on
3. To pr ovide or mai ntai n high moistur e of the wound
4. To pr ovide thermal insu lation
5. To absorb exudate
6. To pr event heamor hage and speed up process of clot ting.
7. Reduce pat i ent pai n ei ther by analgesic added in them
or by compr ession or pr event ing fur ther trauma to
wound
B. Reduce Psychol ogical stress of pat ient by obscur ing
the wound.
DRESSING PROCE DURE

D R .AN JA LATC H I
M .SC( N ) M D(A M ) M BA( H A)
 Definition
Dressing means:
A dressing is a sterile pad or compress
applied to wound to promote healing and
protect the wound from further harm.
Dressing is used to have direct contact with a
wound but bandage is used to hold a
dressing in place.
Type of wound
Wound Dressin g
What is wound?
• A wound is defined as a Wound edge Wound
disruption in the continuity corner
of the epithelial lining of the Surface of
skin or mucosa resulting the wound
from physical or thermal
damage. According to the Base of the wound
duration and nature of
Cross section of a simple wound
healing process, the wound
Wound edge
is categorized as acute and
chronic. ,_L.'..... ..!, L Wond t! ! :E Skin surface
It can be mild, severe, Surface of avi Y Subcutaneus tissue
or even lethal. the wound - --- Superficial fascia
·. Muscle layer
Base of the wound
 Classification of wounds
1. Based on the origin 2. According to the bacterial contamination
• I. Mechanical
1. Abraded wound (vulnus abrasum)
2. Puncured wound (v. punctum) • Clean wound
3. Incised wound (v. scissum)
4. Cut wound (v. caesum) • Clean-contaminated wound
5. Crush wound (v. contusum)
6. Torn wound (v. lacerum)
• Contaminated wound
7. Bite wound (v. morsum) • Heavily contaminated wound
8. Shot wound (v. sclopetarium)

• II. Chemical 2. Depending on the depth of injury

1. Acid
2.
Base • Superficial
• Ill. Wounds caused by radiation • Partial thickness
• IV. Wounds caused by thermal forces • Full thickness
1. Burning
2. • Deep wound
Freezing

• V. Special
 Purpose of wound dressing
- To promote wound healing by primary intention .
- To prevent infection .
- To assess the healing process.
- To protect the wound from mechanical tra uma .
- To a bsorb dra inage.
- To prevent conta mination from bodily disc harge.
 Dressing selection

• Dressing selection should be accordingly.

simple a nd promote moist
wound healing ( Winter
1962).
• Avoid complex combinations of
dressings which may be
expensive a nd ineffective.
• Ensure that they a re safe a nd
resea rch based.
• Wounds need to be
reassessed a nd dressing
selection cha nged
The selection of wound dressing
is based on:
• Condition of wound bed
• Exudate
• Presence of infection
 Types of dressings
Dry - to - dry :
Used primarily for wounds
c losing by primary
intention.
Layer of wide mesh cotton
ga uze lies next to the
wound surface , second
layer of dry a bsorbent
cotton to protect the wound
Wet - to - dry :
These a re particula rly useful for
untidy or infected wounds that
must be debrided and closed by
seconda ry intention
Layer of wide mesh cotton gauze
saturated with sa line next to
wound surfac e ,second layer of
moist a bsorbent with same
solution to debride the wound
 Types of dressings
Wet - to - wet : Wet - to-d a m p :
Used in clea n open wounds. Va riation of wet to dry dressing
Layer of wide mesh ga uze
saturated with a ntibacteria
l solution next to the
wound surface, second
layer of
a bsorbent materia l saturated
with the sa me solution to dilutes
viscous exudates .
 Properties of an ideal dressing
• Bacteria proof
• Allows gaseous excha nge
• Manages exudate
• Non-adherent
• Fibre a nd toxin free
• Hypoallergenic
• Maintain haemostasis a nd optimum temperature.
• Accepta bility to patient
• Cost effective.
 • It is a protective covering of a wound.

DRESSIN • This can be done by some medicine or without

G medicine for the soakage of drained material
 • To prevent infection

PURPOSE O • To prevent further complication

FDRESSI • To absorb any blood or discharge

NG • To promote healing
 1. Medicated : This type of dressing contains medicine on
it to prevent any multiplication of microorganisms on the
wound and to cover the wound . These may or may not
contain adhesive material on it. Also called prepared
dressing .

2. Non-medicated : This type does not have any medicine

on it. These can be used to cover up the large wound.
These may include gauze piece,clean handkerchief , etc

TYPES O 3. Dry-dressing : In these types of dressing dry clean

absorbent material is used to cover the wound. These
FDRESSI maybe medicated or non-medicated

NG 4. Wet-dressing : If the wound is infected ,wet dressings

are often used to soften the wound and discharge. Heat
can also be applied locally to area by means of wet
dressing . The dressing can be moistened by warm
saline.

5. Pressure-dressing: The dressing is done to apply

pressure on any area that is bleeding so as to control
bleeding