DRRR REVIEWER

EXTENSIVE RISKS
DISASTER READINESS AND RISK REDUCTION

Concerned more on the exposure of dispersed

Plate Tectonics leading to mountain building,
populations to various hazards of low or moderate
volcanism, ocean formation, etc. Atmospheric
intensity.
processes formation of clouds, precipitation, wind,
etc.
HAZARDS
Biological accumulation reef building.
-Ground shaking
-Tsunami
colony formation, forestation, etc.
-Tornado
-Extreme rainfall
Human activities urbanization, extracting resourees,
-Landslide
geoengineering, etc.
-Flood
-Indoor fire
HAZARD A dangerous phenomenon. substance,
-Lava flow
human activity or condition
-Industrial pollution
-Typhoon
that may cause loss of life, injury or other health
-Forest fire
impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and
-Liquefaction -Storm surge
services social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
NATURAL HAZARDS
DISASTERA serious disruption of the functioning of a
Naturally-occurring physical phenomena caused
community or a society. involving widespread human,
either by rapid or slow onset events.
material, economic, or environmental losses and
impacts which exceeds the ability of the affected
MAN-MADE AND TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS
community or society to cope using its own resources.

A hazard originating from technological or industrial

"Disaster" originated from french word "disastre"
conditions, including accidents, dangerous
combination of words
procedures, infrastructure failures, or specific human
activities
#"des" meaning BAD ""aster" meaning STAR Literally,
"BAD STAR"
Biological hazards
UNISDR-United Nations International Strategy on
("bio"-life)
Disaster Risk Reduction

Process or phenomenon of organic origin or

- Is the potential loss in lives, health status,
conveyed by biological vectors/agents, including
livelihoods, and various assets which are often
exposure to pathogenic micro- organisms, toxins and
challenging to quantify.
bioactive substances
INTENSIVE RISKS
Geological hazards
Involve the exposure of large number of people in a
("ge" - Earth)
specific geographic area to extreme events that can
further lead to catastrophic disaster impacts involving
Geological process or phenomenon
high mortality rate and asset loss.
Hydrometeoro-logical hazards VULNERABILITY-how people and the differences
among them contribute to the situation or context
("hydor"- water) wherein they. operate.

("meteoros" sky) CONCEPT OF VULNERABILITY

Process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological IFRC International Federation of Red Cross and Red
or oceanographic nature. Crescent Societies

Geophysical -"the diminished capacity of an individual or group to

-Earthquakes -Landslides anticipate, cope with, resist, and recover from the
-Tsunami impact of a natural or man-made hazard."
-Volcanic Activity
Hydrological -Avalanches UNODRR-United Nations Office for Disaster Risk
-Floods Reduction

Climatological "The characteristics and circumstances of a

-Extreme temperature community, system, or asset that make it susceptible
-Drought -Wildfires to the damaging effects of a hazard."

Meteorological *Vulnerability is situation specific, *Vulnerability is

-Cyclone -Storms hazard specific.
-Wave surges
FACTORS THAT MUST BE CONSIDERED TO
Biological ASSESS THE LEVEL OF VULNERABILITY a hazard
-Disease epidemics. event,
-Insect/animal plagues
Proximity to Population density near a hazard event.
Technological or man-made hazards Population refers to the number of individuals
-Complex emergencies/conflicts inhabiting a particular space at he same time.
-Famine
-Displaced populations Population density refers to the number of individuals
-Industrial accidents living in an area in relation to the size of that area.
-Transport accidents
*Capacity and efficiency to reduce disaster risk.
CONCEPTS IN DISASTER RISK
*Building codes and disaster policies.
EXPOSURE people and properties affected by
hazards. CONCEPT OF EXPOSURE

SENSITIVITY the degree to which a certain EXPOSURE-the elements at risk from a natural or
community can be affected by hazards. man-made hazard event. (Geoscience Australia)

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY-ability of an individual or a

community to withstand and adapt to continuous
environmental changes.
* These elements are the individuals; households or
communities; properties: buildings and structures,
agricultural commodities; livelihoods; and public
facilities, infrastructure, and environmental assets
present in an area that are subject to potential losses.
ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO HAZARDS
Physical elements these are the elements that are
tangible or can be visually seen.
Socioeconomic elements these compromise the
institutional and government systems that dictate the
kind of well-being and lifestyles of communities.
Capacity and efficiency to minimize. disaster risk: If
the community does not have any community disaster
preparedness plans in place, it becomes more difficult
to face the hazard without expecting any disaster.
Building codes and disaster policies:
Houses built on coastal areas are usually made of
light materials.
PRIMARY EFFECTS
- Effects that are direct situations arising from the
disaster itself.

Environmental elements these include the SECONDARY EFFECTS

ecosystems and the natural processes. that are
exposed to hazard events. - Effects that are situations resulting from the primary
effects.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF HAZARDS, EXPOSURE,
AND VULNERABILITIES TERTIARY EFFECTS

-Hazards are possible threats that may come - Effects that are not experienced as a disaster is
unexpectedly or otherwise. -A hazard can lead to a taking place but can be felt some time after the
disaster in a disaster has occurred.

community if: PERSPECTIVE ON DISASTERS

The community is exposed to it The community's -Physical Perspective

circumstance or situation make it vulnerable to the
hazard. -Psychological perspective

LEVEL OF VULNERABILITY -Sociocultural perspective

Proximity to disaster: If the community is directly and -Economic perspective

frequently hit by typhoons, then its vulnerability to
disasters associated with them is high. -Political perspective

Population density: If the community has a large -Biological perspective

number of population in exposed areas, the impact of
the hazards will be more severe. RISK FACTORS UNDERLYING DISASTERS

-Housing and building development

-Presence of physical structures prone to disaster

risks

-Institutional framework and system for risk reduction

and prevention