Key activities in the Analyze phase include:

1. Root Cause Analysis: Use data analysis techniques, such as Pareto analysis,
trend analysis, or hypothesis testing, to identify the root causes of process
problems. This helps focus improvement efforts on the most critical issues.
2. Process Mapping: Continue to refine process maps to gain a deeper
understanding of the process flow and identify areas for improvement. This
may involve creating detailed process maps for specific subprocesses or areas
of interest.
3. Statistical Analysis: Use statistical tools, such as regression analysis, analysis
of variance (ANOVA), or design of experiments (DOE), to identify relationships
between process variables and outcomes. This helps identify factors that
significantly impact process performance.
4. Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA): Conduct an FMEA to identify
potential failure modes in the process, their causes, and their effects. This
helps prioritize improvement actions based on the potential impact on
process performance.
5. Value Stream Analysis: Analyze the value stream to identify non-value-added
activities and opportunities for improvement. This helps streamline the
process and reduce waste.
6. Brainstorming: Facilitate brainstorming sessions with team members to
generate ideas for improving the process. Encourage creative thinking and
consider all possible solutions.
7. Benchmarking: Compare process performance against industry benchmarks
or best practices to identify areas where the process can be improved.
8. Data Visualization: Use data visualization techniques, such as charts, graphs,
or histograms, to present data in a clear and meaningful way. This helps
identify trends and patterns that may not be apparent from raw data.

By completing these activities in the Analyze phase, Six Sigma projects can
gain a deeper understanding of the root causes of process issues and identify
potential solutions to address them. This sets the stage for the Improve phase,
where solutions will be implemented and tested.