Behaviour of Gases

BEHAVIOUR OF GASES CHEMISTRY
BEHAVIOUR OF GASES
SYNOPSIS - 1
INTRODUCTION
1. Matter exists in three different states known as solids, liquids and gases.
2. Gases have neither definite shape nor definite volume.
3. The volume of a gas equal to the volume of the container in which it is
present.
4. The volume of a gas depends on its temperature and pressure.
5. Gases can expand freely into the space available to them. This property is
known as diffusion of gases.
6. The smell of perfumes spreads because of diffusion property.
7. Mass, Volume, Pressure and temperature are the measurable properties of
a gas.
MASS:
1. The mass of a gas is expressed in C.G.S. system grams, in S.I. system
kilograms.
2. The mass of 6.023  1023 molecules of a gas is known as gram molar mass.
3. Mass of a gas does not change with temperature.
VOLUME:
1. Volume of a gas is measured with a gas burette (or) by the eudiometer.
2. In S.I. system, the volume of a gas is expresed in cubic meters m 

3
1 litre = 103 c.c. = 103 millimeter
1m3 = 1000 litres = 106 millilitres

3. The volume occupied by one gram mole (or) one mole of a gas under S.T.P.
conditions is known as gram molar volume (GMV) or molar volume, it is 22.4
litres or 22,400 ml or 22,400 c.c.
PRESSURE:
1. The pressure of a gas is defined as the force per unit area.
2. The pressure of a gas is measured with manometer.
3. The atmospheric pressure is measured with barometer.
4. The common unit of pressure is atmosphere 1 atm = 76 cm of Hg = 760 mm
of Hg.
5. The absolute unit of pressure is
a) dynes / cm 2 (C.G.S. system)
b) newtons / m 2 (S.I. system)
6. The unit of high pressure is bar
1 bar = 10 dynes / cm 2  105 pascal
7. The unit of low pressure is torr
torr = 1 mm of Hg.
VII Class - Chemistry 212
CHEMISTRY BEHAVIOUR OF GASES
1 atm = 1.01325 10 6 dynes / cm 2
 1.01325  105 N / m 2
 1.01325 105 pascal
 1.01325 Bar  760torr
 101.325 Kilo pascal
GAS LAWS:
The laws which relate the properties of gases like pressure (P), Volume (V),
Mass (m) and temperature (T) are called gas laws.
Boyle’s law: “At consant temperature the volume of a given mass of gas is
inversely to the pressure is called Boyle’s law”.
1
Mathematically, V  or PV  k (T= constant )
P
 P1V1  P2 V2  P3 V3  Pn Vn
Graph between P and V: The graph between P and V is a curve known as
hyperbola as shown in the figure.
Hy
pe
P rb
ol
a
The graphs drawn at constant temperature are known as isotherms.

Graph between P and 1/V:
1/V
Graph between PV and V:
PV
V
213 VII Class - Chemistry
Graph between PV and P:
PV
Charles’ law: This law was proposed by Charles’ and it gives the relation
between the volume and absolute temperature.
It states that “the volume of a fixed mass of a gas is directly proportional to its
absolute temperature, provided the pressure remains constant”.
V V1 V2
Mathematically, V  T or  K (P = constant)  
T T1 T2
The Charles' law is based on Charles' observation, according to which the
volume of a given mass of a gas at constant pressure increases or decreases
1
by of its volume at 00C for every degree rise or fall of its temperature
273
respectively.
 t 
Vt  V0 1   where, Vt is the volume of the gas at t0C and V0 is the volume
 273 
of the gas 0°C.
Based on Charles' observation, it was found that volume at –273 0C should be
expected to be zero. This temperature is called absolute zero .
All the properties of the gases become zero at absolute zero.
Graph between V t and t
Vo
0
-273 -200 -100 tOC 100 200 300
Kelvin Scale: This scale of temperature is given by Kelvin.

The starting point of Kelvin scale is absolute zero i.e., – 273 0 C which
corresponds to one Kelvin.
The difference between any two successive points on the scale is same as
that of centigrade scale.
The Kelvin scale is also called absolute scale of temperature.

T ( K ) = t (03) + 273
Graph between V and T: The graph between V and T is a straight line
passing through origin as shown in the figure.
Modified Charles’ law: We can draw a relation between density and absolute
temperature of a given mass at constant pressure.
We know at constant pressure for a given mass of a gas
V m m 1
K   K  dT   Constant  d1T1  d 2 T2 or d 
T dT K T
Therefore, the density of a given mass of gas is inversely proportional to its
absolute temperature. This is also called modified charles’ law.
T
 The graphs drawn at constant pressures are known as isobars.
Gay-Lussac’s law (Amonton’s law): “Volume remaining constant, the
pressure of a given mass of a gas increases or decreases by 1/273 of its
pressure at 00C for every 10C riseor fall in temperature”. Mathematically
P0  273  t  T P P P
Pt = P 0 + ×t = P0   = P0 or P  T i.e., = constant or 1  2
273  273  273 T T1 T2
at constant volume.
Graph between P and T: The graph between P and T at constant volume is
the straight line passing through origin.
T
Note: The graphs plotted at constant volumes are called Isochors.
Avogadro's law: Under equal conditions of temperature and pressure, equal
volumes of all gases contain equal number of molecules or no. of moles.
V1 n1 N1
 V  no. of moles (n) & no. of molecules (N)  V = n = N
2 2 2

WORK SHEET - 1
Single Answer Type

1. A vessel of 120 cm3 contains a certain mass of a gas at 20ºC and 750 torr
pressure. The gas was transferred to a vessel of volume 180 cm3. Calculate
the pressure of the gas at the same temperature.
1) 125 torr 2) 250 torr 3) 500 torr 4) 1000 torr
2. A gas at 298 K is shifted from a vessel of 250cm3 capacity to that of 1L capacity.
The pressure of the gas will ____ at constant temperature
1) become double 2) becomes four times
3) decrease to half of the original value
4) decreases to one-fourth of the original value.
3. If 20cm3 gas at 1atm is expanded to 50cm3 at constant T, then what is the
final pressure?
1 1 1
1) 20  atm 2) 50  atm 3) 4) None of these
50 20 20  50
4. A sample of a given mass of gas at a constant temperature occupies 95cm3
under a pressure of 9.962 × 104Nm–2. At the same temperature, its volume
at a pressure of 10.13 × 104 Nm–2 is
1) 190cm3 2) 93. 4 cm3 3) 46.5cm3 4) 47.5cm3.
5. A gas of volume 100cc. is kept in a vessel at pressure 104 Pa maintained at
temperature of 24oC. If now the pressure is increased to 105 Pa, keeping the
temperature constant, then the volume of the gas becomes.
1) 10 cc 2) 100 cc 3) 1 cc 4) 1000 cc
6. A certain mass of a dry gas at 26°C and 760mm pressure has a density of
2.8gm/cc. What will be its density at 26°C and 740mm pressure?
1) 2.8 g/cc 2) 1.363 g/cc 3) 2.726 g/cc 4) 4.089 g/cc
7. If the pressure of a gas becomes 5 times its original pressure, then the
density of the gas changes from ‘d’ gm/lit to______ gm/lit.
1) d/5 2) d/4 3) 4d 4) 5d
8. A sphere of radius ‘r’ contains a gas at a pressure of 10 atm. If it is connected
to another sphere of radius ‘2r’, then the pressure inside the new setup
is______.
10 9
1) atm 2) atm 3) 10 atm 4) 9 atm
9 10
9. Ammonia exhibiting 2 atm pressure and occupying 5.6 lit. If the pressure is
charged to 0.2 atm what is the volume?
1) 56 lit 2) 56 ml 3) 5.6 lit 4) 56000 ml
10. There is a gas in a sphere of radius ‘2r’ at a pressure ‘P’. If the same amount
of gas is present in another sphere of radius ‘r’ at same temperature, find
its pressure:
1) P/8 2) 8P 3) P/2 4) 2P

11. A box of volume ‘V’ having gas at pressure ‘P’ is connected to another empty
vacuumed box of volume ‘2V’ by a tube of negligible volume. Find the pressure
exerted by the gas in the new system:
1) P/2 2) 2P 3) P/3 4) 3P
12. A gaseous system occupies the volume 800 cm 3 at 22ºC at a certain
pressure. To what temperature, the gas should be heated in order to
increase its volume by 20% keeping the pressure constant ?
1) 75°C 2) 81°C 3) 354 °C 4) 273°C
13. Suppose a quantity of gas, initially at 0.50 atm pressure and 1.2 litres
volume is compressed at constant temperature into a hair spray can
where its pressure is 3.0 atm. What is the volume of the can?
1) 239.75°C 2) 512.75 K
3) Both ‘1’ and ‘2’ 4) 512.75 °C
Multi Answer Type

14. Which of the following true for Charles law?
 t  v1 T1
1) vt  v0 1  2) 
 273  v2 T2
3) d1T1  d 2T2 4) None
Reasoning Answer Type

15. Statement I: When temperature of an ideal gas increases from 27°C to
127°C at constant P, volume increases by 100 L.
Statement II: V  T at constant P.
1) Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
2) Both Statements are true, Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
3) Statement I is true, Statement II is false.
4) Statement I is false, Statement II is true.
 a 
Statement I: The value of Boyle’s temperature for a real gas is  TB 
Rb 
16.

Statement II: At Boyle’s temperature TB real gases behave ideally over a
long range of pressure.
Statement I.
Statement I.

Comprehension Type
Writeup-1
Variation of volume with temperature was first studied by French chemist,
Jacques Charles, in 1787 and then extended by another French chemist
Joseph Gay-Lussac in 1802. For a fixed mass of a gas under isobaric condition,
variatiuon of volume V with temperature t°C is given by V = V 0[1 +  t]
where V0 is the volume at 0°C, at constant pressure.
17. For every 1° change in temperature, the volume of the gas changes by
________ of the volume at 0°C:
1
1) unit 2) 1 unit 3) 273 unit 4) 22.3 unit
273
18. Select incorrect statement:
1)  (given above) is called volume coefficient
2) Value of  is 3.66 x 10–3°C–1 for all gases
3) 273 K is the lowest possible temperature attained
4) Absolute zero is the temperature reached when all possible thermal
energy has been removed from a substance
19. Under isochoric condition, graphs between P and T are shown below:
Volume order is:

1) V1 = V2 + V3 2) V1 > V2 > V3
3) V1 < V2 < V3 4) V2 < V1 < V3
Writeup-2
At constant temperature product of pressure and volume of a gas is constant
20. According to Boyle’s law which of the following is correct.
P1 V1 P2 V2
1)  2) P1V1n2 =P2V2n1
n1 n2
3) P1V1n1 =P2V2n2 4) Both 1 & 2
21. Pressure of oxygen is 0.02 atm and occupying volume of 5.6 lit.If the pressure
is charged to 2 atm what is the volume
1) 56 lit 2) 5.6 lit 3) 0.056 lit 4) 0.0056 lit
22. Pressure of N2 gas is 1 atm and volume occupied is 11.2 lit. At what pressure
occupies 5.6 lit volume.
1) 0.2 atm 2) 2 atm 3) 20 atm 4) 4 atm

Matrix Matching Type

23. Column-I Column-II
a) P  1/V at constant T 1) Avogadro’s law
b) P  T at constant V 2) Gay Lussac’s law
c) V  T at constant P 3) Charle’s law
d) V  n at constant T and P 4) Boyle’s law
5) Graham’s law
1) P1V1 = P2V2 = constant 1) Boyle’s Law
2) P  1 2) At constant temperature
v
3) Isotherms 3) Constant pressure
4) Isobars 4) Graph between P & V at constant temp
5) Charle’s law
SYNOPSIS - 2
DERIVATION OF IDEAL GAS:
The gases which obey ideal gas equation under any conditions of temperature
and pressure are known as Ideal gases.
Real gases: The gases which do not obey all the gas laws or ideal gas equation
under any conditions of temperature and pressure are known as Real gases.
Note:
1) All gases are real gases at S.T.P.
2) The condition for ideal gas behaviour is the presence of intermolecular
force of attraction.
3) All the real gases can be converted to ideal gases at high temperature
and low pressure.
4) The temperature at which a real gas behaves as an ideal gas is known
as Boyle's temperature.
Ideal gas equation : This gas equation helps us to calculate volume under
any conditions of temperature and pressure. This equation is obtained by
combining all the three gas laws i.e., Boyle's law, Charles' law and Avogadro's
law.
1
Boyle’s law is V 
P
Charles’ law is V  T
Avogadro’s law is V  n
1
V T  n
P

1
V  R. T  n
P
PV  nRT
nT
V  PV  nT  PV = nRT , where 'R' is called universal gas constant.
P
NUMERICAL VALUES OF ‘R’ :

R values depends upon the units of P,V,T.
PV 1atm  22.414 litre

R= , R=
MT 1mole  273 K
1
 0 .0 8 2 1lit . a tm K . m o le  1
1
 8 2 .1 m l . a tm K . m o le  1
PV 1.013106 dynes.cm2  22414cm3

 62.4 lit .m m K 1
. m ole 1 R 
nT 1mole  273K
 8.314 107 dyne.cm k 1. mole1
 8.314 107 erg k 1. mole1
PV 
10 5 Pa 2271  10 3 m 3  
= R =
nT 1mol  273.15 K 
 8.314 Pa m 3 K  1 mol  1
 8.314  102 barL k 1mol 1

 8.314 Joules k  1 . m o le  1
= 8.314 kPa LK 1 mol 1

 1.987 cal k  1 . m ole  1
= 62.36 Torr k 1 mol 1
 5.28  1019 eV k 1. mole 1

R VALUE IN DIFFERENT UNITS
R-Value Pressure unit Volume unit
0.0821 atmosphere litre
82.1 atmosphere cm3
8.314  107 dynes.cm2 cm3
8.314 (or) newton.m 2 m3

1.987
The gas constant per molecule is known as Boltzman constant (K).
R 8.314  10 7
K  
N 6.02  10 23
 1.38 1016 ergs K 1. molecule1

 1.38  10 23 Joules K  1 .molecule  1
WORK SHEET - 2
Single Answer Type

1. If the absolute temperature of a gas is doubled and the pressure is reduced
to one-fourth, the volume of the gas will :
1) remain unchanged 2) be doubled
3) increases eight times 4) be reduced to 1/4th
2. How many moles of oxygen are present in 400 cm3 sample of the gas at a
pressure of 760mm of Hg at a temperature of 300 K. ( The value of R is given
to be 8.31 K Pa dm3 k-1 mole-1 )
1) 1.62 × 10-2 mol 2) 1.62 × 10-3 mol
3) 3.62 × 10-2 mol 4) 3.62 × 10-3 mol
3. According to the ideal gas laws the molar volume of a gas is given by:
1) 22.4 lit 2) nRT/P 3) 8 RT/PV 4) RT/PV
4. 34.05 mL of phosphorus vapour weigh 0.0625 g at 546°C and 1 bar pressure.
What is the molar mass of phosphorus ?
1) 125 g mol-1 2) 325 g mol-1
3) Both A and B 4) None
5. At 0°C, the density of a gaseous oxide at 2 bar pressure is same as that of
nitrogen at 5 bar. What is the molecular mass of the gaseous oxide?
1) 80.0 g mol-1 2) 90.0 g mol-1
3) 70.0 g mol-1 4) None
6. Density of a gas is found to be 5.46 g/dm3 at 27°C and 2 bar pressure. What
will be its density at S.T.P.?
1) 3.0 g dm-3 2) 5.0 g dm-3
3) 4.0 g dm -3
4) None
7. An ideal gas expands according to PV = constant. On expansion, the
temperature of gas:
1) Will rise 2) Will drop 3) Will remain same
4) Cannot be determined because the external pressure is not known.
8. A discharge tube containing nitrogen gas at 25°C is evacuated till the pressure
is 2 × 10-2 mm. If the volume of discharge tube is 2 litres, calculate the
number of nitrogen molecules still present in the tube.
( R = 0.0821 L atm k-1 mole-1) .
1) 1.62 × 10-2 molecules 2) 1.29 × 1018 molecules
3) 3.62 × 10 molecules
-2
4) 2.98 × 10-3 molecules

9. For an ideal gas, number of moles per litre in terms of its pressure P, gas
constant R and temperature T is:
1) PT/R 2) PRT 3) P/RT 4) RT/P
10. Which of the following expression represents correctly the variation of density
of an ideal gas with change in temperature ?
P2 T1d1 d1T1 d1T2 d1P2 T2
1) d2 = P T 2) d2 = T 3) d2 = T 4) d 2 = P T
1 2 2 1 1 1
Multi Answer Type

11. Which of the following equation(s) is/are incorrect on the basis of ideal gas
equation?
d N PM
1) PV = RT 2) PV = dRT 3) PV = RT 4) d 
m N0 RT
(Here N = number of molecules, N0 = Avogadro’s number)
12. Which of the following is/are correct values for ‘R’?
1) 0.0821 L atm k-1 mole-1 2) 1.99 cal k-1 mole-1
3) 8.314 K Pa dm3 k-1 mole-1 4) 8.314 J k-1 mole-1

13. Statement I : Ideal gas equation is also known as equation of state.
Statement II : Ideal gas equation relates to four variables (P, T, V and n)
which are used to describe the state of any gas.
Statement I.
Statement I.
Pressure × Volume Force × Length
14. Statement I : R = Moles × Temperature = Moles × Temperature =
Work
Moles × Temperature
Statement II : ‘R’ represents work done per degree per mole.
Statement I.
Statement I.

Comprehension Type
Writeup-1
As volume depends on temprature and pressure, they should invariable be
mentioned during volume measurements. The standard temperature and
pressure at which we measure the volume of gas is 0 0 C and 1 atmosphere
of pressure. This temperature and pressure is called S.T.P or N.T.P
15. At what centigrade temperature will the volume of gas at 0 0 C double itself
pressure remaining constant?
1) 819 0 C 2) 546 0 C 3) 2730 C 4) 00 C
16. 20ml of hydrogen measured at 150 C are heated 350 C . What is the new
volume at the same pressure?
1) 50.33 ml 2) 42)76 ml 3) 76.6 ml 4) 21.38 ml
17. If the temperature of gas is double from 100 C to 200 C then volume also
doubled. True/False
1) True 2) False 3) Cannot say 4) None
Writeup-2
w
Pv = nRT is an ideal gas equation where n=
M
18. 3.7 g of a gas at 25 C occupy the same volume as 0.184 g H2 at 170C at same
0
pressure. What is molecular weight of gas?

1) 22.458 2) 41.326 3) 52.589 4) 35.985
19. O2 is present in one litre flask at a pressure of 7.6×10–10 mm of Hg. Calculate
number of O2 molecules at 00C.
1) 2.68×1010 2) 1.68×109 3) 2.68×1011 4) 4.68×107
20. A 1.5 litre sample of a gas having density 1.25 km/m3 at 1.0 atm and 00C
was compressed to 575 atm resulting a gas volume of 3.92 cm3 in violation of
Boyle’s law. What is the final density of this gas?
1) 568.3 kg/m3 2) 478.3 kg/m3
3) 278.3 kg/m3 4) 378.3 kg/m3
Writeup-3
w
Pv = nRT is an ideal gas equation where n=
M
21. The equation of state corresponding to 8 g of O2 is:
RT RT
1) PV = 8 RT 2) PV = 3) PV = RT 4) PV =
4 2
22. Calculate the volume occupied by 7 g of nitrogen gas at 27 C and 750 mm
0
pressure.
1) 8.232 l 2) 2.232 l 3) 4.232 l 4) 6.232 l
23. Which of the following shows the relationship between Boyle’s law and
Charles’ law?
P1 T1 P2 V1 V2 P1 T2
1) P = T 2) PV = K 3) P = V 4) V = P × T
2 2 1 2 1 2 1

24. Column I Column II
1) 1 mole 1) General gas equation
P1V1 P2 V2
2)  2) Intensive variables
T1 T2
3) P and V are 3) 6.023 × 1023 molecules
4) V and n are 4) Extensive variables

5) Ideal gas equation
SYNOPSIS - 3
GRAHAMS LAW OF DIFFUSION:
The spontaneous mixing of gases against gravitional forces to form
homogeneous mixture is known as the diffusion of gases.
Ex:: The fragrance of perfumes spreads because of this property.
The process of mixing is accelarated by winds and such bulk motion of gases
is called ‘convection’.
The process of effusion is the diffusion of gas through a fine hole.
Ex: A gas comes out in a puncture in an inflated balloon (or) tyre
Gases diffuse from high pressure to low pressure.
The volume of gas (V) that diffuse in unit time(or) The distance travelled by
gas molecules per unit time is known as the rate of diffusion (r) of the gas
Volume of the gas (V )
Rate of diffusion =
Time(t )
Dis tan ce travelled (l )

=
Time(t )
V
r
t
r1 V1 t2
 
r2 V1 t1
At constant temperature and pressure the rate of diffusion of a gas is
inversely proportional to the square root of its density is known as Graham’s
law of diffusion
1
r
d
K
r here k  cons tant
d
r d K
Density (d) , vapour density (V.d) and molar mass (M) of a substance are
directly proportional to one another.
K K' K"
r   
d Vd M
For two gases diffusing under similar conditions of temperature and pressure.
r1 d2 Vd 2 M2
  
r2 d1 Vd1 M1
Under similar conditions of temperature and pressure if the time of diffusion
is same for two different gases.
r1 V1 V1 M2
1.  2. 
r2 V2 V2 M1
Under similar conditions of temperature and pressure if equal volumes of
two gases diffuse.
r1 t2 t2 M2
 , 
r2 t1 t1 M1
APPLICATIONS OF DIFFUSION:
In the detection of explosive marsh gas  CH 4  in coal mines using Ansil’s
alaram.
In the determination of molecular masses of unknown gases .
In the separation of uranium isotopes U 235 , U 238 by forming volatile solids
U235 F6 , U238 F6

WORK SHEET - 3
Single Answer Type

1. What are the relative rates of diffusion of hydrogen and oxygen gases?
1) 1 : 4 2) 4 : 1 3) 2 : 1 4) 16 : 1
2. At a definite pressure and temperature 100ml of hydrogen diffused in 20
minutes. How long will 40ml of oxygen take to diffuse under similar
conditions?
1) 32 minutes. 2) 62 minutes. 3) 24 minutes. 4) 36 minutes.
3. 20 L of SO2 diffuse through a porous partition in 60 seconds. What volume of
oxygen will diffuse under similar conditions in 30 seconds?
1) 26.568L 2) 56.568L 3) 46.568L. 4) 14.14L
4. The rate of diffusion of methane at a given temparature is twice that of gas
X. The molecular weight of X is:
1) 64 2) 32 3) 4 4) 8
5. If 4 g of oxygen diffuse through a very narrow hole, how much hydrogen
would have diffused under identical conditions?
1) 16 g 2) 1 g 3) 1/4 g 4) 64 g.
6. Two grams of hydrogen diffuse from a conainer in 10 minutes. How many
grams of oxygen would diffuse through the same container in the same
time under similar conditions?
1) 0.5 g 2) 4 g 3) 6 g 4) 8 g
7. If some moles of O2 diffuse in 18 sec and same moles of other gas diffuse in 45
sec then what is the molecular weight of the unknown gas?
452 182 182 452
1)  32 2)  32 3) 4)
182 452 452  32 182  32
8. Hydrogen chloride gas is sent into a 100 meter tube from one end and NH 3
gas is sent into the tube from the other end. At what distance white ring of
NH4Cl is formed ?
1) 20.48m 2) 30.48m 3) 40.48m 4) 80.48m
Multi Answer Type

9. Which of the following statement is/are correct?
1) Helium escapes at a rate 2 times as fase as O2 does.
2) Helium escapes at a rate 4 times as fast as SO2 does.
3) Helium escapes at a rate 2.65 times as fast as CO does.
4) Helium diffuses at a rate 8.65 times as much as CO does.
10. When ideal gas is allowed to expand into another evacuated vessel through
a tiny hole, then:
1) The temperature of the gas remains constant.
2) The temperature of the gas is decreased.
3) There is no intermolecular force of attraction between an ideal gas.
4) Energy is absorbed from the surroundings.

11. According to the Graham’s law of diffusion of gas, rate of diffusion of gas is:
1) Inversely proportional to square root of its density.
2) Inversely proportional to square root of its molecular mass.
Volume diffused
3) Equal to Time taken 4) None of the above.

12. Statement-I : A lighter gas diffuses more rapidly than a heavier gas.
Statement-II : At a given temperature, the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversly
proportional to the square root of its density.
1) Both Statements are true, Statement II is the correct explanationof
Statement I.
Statement I.
Comprehension Type
Writeup-1
The rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its
density.
13. The ratio of the rate of diffusion of a given element to that helium is 1:4.
The molecular weight of the element is
1) 2 2) 4 3) 8 4) 16
14. The rate of diffusion of SO2 and CO2 are in the ratio:
1) 1 : 2 2) 1:32 3) 1:2 4) 1:4
15. The ratio of rates of diffusion of SO2, O2 and CH4 is
1) 1 : 2 : 2 2) 1:2:4 3) 2 : 2 :1 4) 1 : 2 : 2 .
Writeup-2
r1 d2
According to Graham’s law r 
2 d1
16. According to Graham’s law at a given temperature the ratio of the rates of
r1
diffusion r of gases A and B is given by:
2
P1 M2 M1 P1 P1 M1 M P
1) P  M 2) M  P 3) P  M 4) M  P
2 1
2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2

17. 4 grams of H 2 diffused through a small hole in 5 seconds at 1 atm.The

amount of oxygen diffused in same interval of time at 1.5 atm and same
temperature will be:
1) 16 g 2) 32 g 3) 8 g 4) 24 g
18. If the volume of two gases X and Y are the same under identical conditions
of temperature and pressure. Then they would differ in:
1) Rate of diffusion 2) Kinetic energy
3) Number of molecules 4) None of these.
Writeup-3
At constant pressure and temperature the rate of diffusion or effusion of a
gas is inversely proptional to the square root of its density.
19. Which of the following gases will have the highest rate of diffusion?
1) O2 2) CO2 3) NH3 4) N2
20. The ratio of rates of diffusion of carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide at the
same pressure and temperature is :
1) 11 : 4 2) 1: 4 3) 4: 11 4) 1: 6
21. The rate of diffusion of hydrogen is about:
1) One half that of helium 2) 1.4 times that of helium
3) Twice that of helium 4) Four times that of helium

a) Graham’s law 1) All gases behave ideally
u M
2) u  M [at constant T and P]
1 2
b) Rate of diffusion of a gas 
2 1
1
c) Ideal gas equation 3) at constantT and P
d
d) At Boyle’s temperature 4) PV= nRT
5) PV=T/n
Integer Answer Type

23. The molecular weight of methane is_____________

SYNOPSIS - 4
Dalton's law of partial pressures : The total pressure of a mixture of gases
in a confined place is equal to the sum of their partial pressure provided the
gases are non-reactive.
Thus, Ptotal =P1 +P2 +P3 +........+Pn
Where P1, P2, P3......Pn are the partial pressures of 1st gas, 2nd gas,3rd gas....nth
gas respectively.
Partial pressure is defined as the pressure that a gas would exert if present
alone in the same space as is occupied by the mixture, irrespective of the
pressure of other gases or vapours.
Aqueous tension: When gases are collected over water, being moist due to
water vapour, their recorded pressure is equal to the sum of actual pressure
of the dry gas and pressure of the water vapour.
This pressure of water vapour is called Aqueous tension of water at that
temperature of measurement.
 Pdry gas = Precorded - Aqueous tension = Precorded - Pwater vapour
Partial pressure in terms of molefraction: Mole fraction is the ratio of no.
of moles of the component to the total no. of moles. If n1,n2 and n3 are the no.
of three gases respectively, then the mole fraction of 1st gas,
n1
X1 =
n1 +n 2 +n 3 and
Particular pressure of 1st gas,
1
 n 
P1 = Mole fraction of first gas  total pressure = X1  PT =   ×PT
 1 2 +n 3 
n +n
Where PT is the total pressure of mixture of gases.
Particular pressure in terms of volume fraction: Volume fraction is the
ratio of volume of a component to the total volume of the mixture. If V 1,V2,V3
are the volumes of three different non reactive gases in a mixture, then
V1
volume fraction of first gas is equal to
V1 +V2 +V3 and Partial pressure of first
 V1 
gas (P.P1) =   ×PT Where PT is the total pressure.
 V1 +V2 +V3 
Law of partial volumes: This law states that the total volume of gas mixture
is the sum of the partial volumes of the constituents of the mixture.
Vtotal =V1 +V2 +V3 +........+Vn
Where V1, V2, V3......Vn are the partial pressures of the constituents.
Partial volume of a constituent is defined as the volume which the particular
constituent would occupy at the total pressure of the mixture, the temperature
remaining constant.

Dalton’s law of partial pressures is not applicable to the mixture of reacting

gases
EXAMPLES:
1. CO and Cl2 2. NO and Cl2
3. NO and O2 4. H 2 and Cl2
5. H 2 and F2 6. NH 3 and HCl
7. CO and O2 8. CH 4 and Cl2
Dalton’s law of partial pressure is applicable to the mixtures of non-reacting
gases. EXAMPLES:
1. N 2 and H 2 2. H 2 and O 2
3. N 2 and O 2 4. SO3 and O 2
5. CO 2 and SO 2 6. NO 2 and O 2
WORK SHEET - 4
Single Answer Type

1. Aqueous tension is a dependent of
1) V 2) Colour 3) T 4) weight of gas
2. Equal weights of two gases of molecular weight 4 and 40 are mixed. The
pressure of the mixture is 1.1 atm. The partial pressure of the lighter gas in
this mixture is
1) 0.55 atm 2) 0.11 atm 3) l atm 4) 0.11 atm
3. What will be the partial pressure of H2 in a flask containing 2 g of H2, 14 g of
N2 and 16 g of O2?
1) 1/2 the total pressure 2) 1/3 the total pressure
3) 1/4 the total pressure 4) 1/16 the total pressure
4. 2L of SO2 gas at 760 mm Hg are transferred to 10 L flask containing oxygen at
a particular temperature, the partial pressure of SO2 in the flask is :
1) 63.33 mm Hg 2) 15200 mm Hg
3) 760 mm Hg 4) 1330 mm Hg.
5. At room temperature a gas is filled in a rectangular vessel exerts a pressure
of P atmosphere. If the vessel is divided into four compartments so so that
the two bigger compartments of one side have double the volume of other
two smaller compartments. Then the pressure in the bigger compartment
when compared to smaller compartment is:
P P
1) 2P 2) P 3) 4)
2 4
6. Certain volume of a gas exerts some pressure on its walls at a particular
temperature. It has been found that by reducing the volume of the gas to
half of its initial value at constant temperature pressure is doubled. This
happens because
1) Weight of the gas increase with pressure
2) Velocity of the gas molecules decrease
3) More number of molecules strike the surface per second
4) Gas molecules attract one another.

7. Equal weighs of methane and hydrogen are mixed in an empty container at

250C. The fraction of the total pressure exerted by hydrogen is:
1 8 16 1
1) 2) 3) 4)
2 9 17 9
8. Two gases A and B having the same temperature T, same pressure P and
the same volume V are mixed. If the mixture is at the same temperature T
and at the same volume V, the pressureof the mixture is:
P
1) 2P 2) P 3) 4) 4P
2
9. Air contains 79% N2 and 21% O2 by volume. If the barometric pressure is
750 mm Hg the partial pressure of oxygen is:
1) 157.7 mm of Hg 2) 175.5 mm of Hg
3) 315.0 mm of Hg 4) None
10. Two gases A and B having the mole ratio of 3:5 in a container exert a
pressure of 8 atm. If A removed what would be the pressure due to B only,
temperature remaining constant.
1) 1 atm 2) 2 atm 3) 4 atm 4) 5 atm
Multi Answer Type

11. According to Dalton’s law:
RT
1) Pt=P1+P2+P3+........+Pn 2) Pt  (n1  n2  n3  .......nn )
V
n1RT n2RT n3RT n RT
3) Pt     ..........  n 4) None of the above
V V V V
12. The partial pressure of a gas:
n1 100  Pt 1000  M
1) Pi= x × Pt 2) Pi  n  n  Pt 3) Pi  4) Pi 
1 2 n Pt

13. Statement-I : A gaseous mixture contains 1 g of H2 4 g of He, 7 g of N2 and 8
g of O2. The gas having the highest partial pressure is He
Mole fraction
Statement-II : Partial pressure of gas =
Total pressure
Statement I.
Statement I.

14. Statement-I : A vessel has two equal compartments A and B containing H 2

and O 2 respectively each at 1atm pressure.If the wall
separating the compartment is removed, the pressure will
remain unchanged in A and B.
Statement-II : Given the total pressure of mixture of three gases and the
partial pressure of two gasses. The partial pressure of the
third gas can be found out by applying Grahm’s law.
1) Statement I, Statement II both are true and Statement II is the correct
explanation of Statement I.
2) Statement I, Statement II both are true but Statement II is not the
correct explanation of Statement I.
Comprehension Type
Writeup-1
According to Dalton’s law Pt = P1 + P2 + P3 + ....... +Pn
Aqueous tension = Pressure of wet gas – pressure of dry gas
15. 160 ml of a gas are collected over water at 25°C and 745 mm Hg. If aqueous
tension at 25°C is 23.8 mm Hg, then pressure of dry gas at 25°C is
1) 768.8 mm Hg 2) 760 mm Hg
3) 721.2 mm Hg 4) 600 mm Hg.
16. If 500 ml of a gas A at 1000 torr and 1000 ml of gas at 800 torr are placed in
a 2 L container, the final pressure will be :
1) 100 torr 2) 650 torr
3) 1800 torr 4) 2400 torr
17. At constant temperature, 200 cm3 bulb containing N2 at 720 mm and 400
cm3 bulb containing O2 at 750 mm pressure are connected together. The
final pressure of mixture is :
1) 735 mm 2) 1470 mm
3) 1095 mm 4) 740 mm
Writeup-2
The total pressure of a mixture of gases in a confined place is equal to the
sum of their partial pressure provided the gases are non-reactive.
18. Combination that obeys Dalton’s law
A=CO, B= Cl2 , C= F2 , D=Xe
1) A,B 2) B,C 3) B,D 4) A,C
19. The partial pressure of a gas is calculated by:
1) Mole fraction of the gas × total pressure.
Mole fraction of the gas
2) Total pressure
Total pressure
3) Mole fraction of the gas 4) All

20. The law of partial volumes is also known as:

1) Avogadro’s law 2) Amagat law
3) Charles’ law 4) Boyle’s law

a) In a gaseous mixture at 1) The total pressure of the gas is 4 atm
3.0 atm, 25% of molecules
are N2 and 30% are CO2
and remaining are O2
b) 3.2g of O2 and 0.2 g of H2 2) The partial pressure of N2 is 8/15
are placed in 1.12 litre
flask at 0°C
c) If equal masses of N2 and 3) The partial pressure of O2 is 1.35 atms
O2 are present in a vessel
at 50°C
d) 3 g of H2 and 24 g of O2 4) The partial pressure of H2 is 2/3 of the
are present in a total pressure
gasseous mixture at
constant temp and pressure
5) The partial pressure of H2 is 1/3 of the
total pressure
1) Aqueous tension 1) Dalton’s law
2) pt = p1 + p2 + p3......pn 2) V   vi
3) Amagat’s law 3) Pwetgas – Pdry gas
RT
4) pt = (n1 + n2) 4) Vt=V1+V2+V 3+......+Vn
V
5) Graham’s law
Integer Answer Type

23. The mole fraction of urea in 100 g of water is__________

SYNOPSIS - 5
1. MOLECULAR VELOCITIES
Moleclar velocities or speeds are mainly three types. They are
1) RMS velocity
2) Average Velocity
3) Most probable Velocity
RMS VELOCITY (C):
The square root of the mean of the squares of the velocities of all the molecules
present in the gas at any temperature is known as the RMS velocity. It is
C12  C22  C32  ....  Cn2

represented by C C 
n
3RT 3PV 3P
C  
M M d
T
C  1.58 10 4  cm.sec 1
M
For a gas at two different temperatures the ratio of its RMS velocities is
C1 T
given by = 1
C2 T2
For two different gases having the same RMS velocity

T1 T
= 2
M1 M 2
For two gases at the same temperature
C1 M2
=
C2 M1
For two different gases at two different temperatures.
C1 T1 M 2
= ×
C2 T2 M1
AVERAGE VELOCITY ( C ) :
The average of the velocity of all the molecules in the gas at any temperature
is known as average velocity. It is represented by C
8 RT 8 PV 8P
C  
M M d
C  0.9213  RMS velocity

MOST PROBABLE VELOCITY (C P) :

The velocity possesed by the maximum number of molecules present in the
gas at any temperature is known as the most prabable velocity. It is
represented by C p
2 RT 2 PV 2P
Cp   
M M d
C p  0.8166  RMS velocity
For a gas at any temperature the order of velocity C p  C  C

At any temperature, order of no. of molecules.
nc p  n C  n C
The velocity of a molecule remains same only for a very short period of less
than 109 sec
At any temperature a very small fraction of the total molecules will have
very low and very high velocities.
As the velocities of molecules increases, a fraction of the molecules having
a particular velocity increases, reaches a maximum value and then decreases.
At high temperatures, the fraction of the total molecules possessing low
velocities decreases and the fraction of total molecules possessing high
velocities increases.
Ratio between molecular velocities
8
Cp :C :C  2: : 3

 2 : 2.55 : 3
 0.8166 : 0.9213:1
 1 : 1 .1 2 8 : 1 .2 2 4

WORK SHEET - 5
Single Answer Type

1. Which is not true in case of an ideal gas?
1) It cannot be converted into a liquid
2) There is no interaction between the molecules
3) All molecules of the gas move with same speed
4) At a given temperature, PV is proportional to the amount of the gas
2. The rms velocity at NTP of the species can be calculated from the expression
3P 3PV 3RT
1) 2) 3) 4) All
d M M
3. The root mean square velocity of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies
density (4) as
1) d2 2) d d 3) 4) 1/ d
4. Which of the following is correct relation for root mean square velocity?
8RT 3RT 2RT 3RT

1) urms  M 2) urms  M 3) urms  M 4) urms 
M
5. The average velocity of gas molecules is equal to
1/2 1/2 1/2
 8RT   3RT   8RT   8RT 
1)   2)   3)   4)  
 M   M   M   M 
6. The ratio of root mean square velocity to average velocity of gas molecules at
a particular temperature is
1) 1.086 : 1 2) 1 : 1.086 3) 2 : 1.086 4) 1.086 : 2
7. The ratio among most probable velocity, mean velocity and root mean square
velocity is given by
1) 1 : 2 : 3 2) 1 : 2 : 3 3) 2 : 3 : 8/ 4) 2 : 8/ : 3
8. The root mean square velocity of an ideal gas in a closed container of fixed
volume is increased from 5 × l04 cms–1 to 10 × 104cms. Which of the following
statement correctly explains how the change is accomplished
1) By heating the gas, the temperature is doubled
2) By heating the gas, the pressure is quadrupled (i.e. made four times)
3) By heating the gas, the temperature is quadrupled
4) By heating the gas, the pressure is doubled
9. Which of the following has maximum root mean square velocity at the same
temperature
1) SO2 2) CO2 3) O2 4) H2
10. The temperature at which RMS velocity of SO2 molecules is half that of He
molecules at 300 K is:
1) 150 K 2) 600 K 3) 900 K 4) 1200 K

11. The root mean square velocity of SO2 gas becomes the same as that of oxygen
at 27°C when the temperature is:
1) 327°C 2) 127°C 3) 54°C 4) 227°C
12. Th e r m s veloci t y of an ideal gas at 27 C is 0.3 ms–1. Its rms velocity at 9270C
0
(in m–1) is:

1) 3.0 2) 2.4 3) 0.9 4) 0.6
13. The root mean square speed of CH4 molecules at 25°C is about 0.56 km/s.
What is the root mean square speed of a H2 molecule at 25°C?
1) 0.070 km/s 2) 0.20 km/s 3) 1.1 km/s 4) 1.6 km/s
Multi Answer Type

14. Consider the following statement regarding Maxwell’s distribution of velocities.
The correct statement(s) is/are
1) as temperature increases, the peak (maxim1) of a curve is shifted towards
right side
2) at temperature increases, the most probable velocity of molecules
increases but fraction of molecules of maximum velocity decreases
3) the area under the curve at all the temperatures is the same because
it represents the number of gaseous molecules
4) The fractions of molecules have different velocities are different at a
given temperature
15. The incorrect statement(s) is/are
1) On increasing pressure, rms increases.
2) On decreasing temperature, average kinetic energy decreases.
3) On expansion of a gas above inversion temperature.
4) The correct order of molecular speeds for a gas is: Urms > Uavg > Umps

16. Statement I : Increasing temperature increases the fractions of molecules
possessing the most-probable speed.
Statement II : Increasing temperature increases the most probable speed.
Statement I.
Statement I.
17. Statement I : Most probable velocity is the velocity possessed by maximum
fraction of molecules at the same temperature.
Statement II : On collision, more and more molecules acquire higher velocity
at the same temperature.
Statement I.
Statement I.

Comprehension Type
Writeup-1:
c = the molecular speed (in metres per secon4), f(3) = fraction of molecules
wit h speed c {Exam ple: if f(3) x 10 5 = 50 then f(3) = 0.00050}. These questions
are based on the plot given adjacent, showing the Maxwell-Boltzmann
Distribution of molecular speeds for nitrogen gas, N2, at 1000 K.
18. The most probable speed for a molecule of nitrogen at 1000 K would be
1) 2000 m/s 2) 700 m/s 3) 1500 m/s 4) 1000 m/s
19. If the temperature were raised to 1500 K, the greatest fraction of the molecules
would be moving at speeds
1) Higher than that at 1000 K 2) Lower than that at 1000 K
3) Same as that at 1000 K 4) Impossible to determine
20. If carbon dioxide, CO2, were substituted for the nitrogen gas at 1000 K, the
most probable speed of the molecules of CO 2 would be
1) higher than that for N2 2) lower than that for N2
3) the same as that for N2 4) undeterminable
Writeup-2:
Molecular velocities are given by R.M.S velocity, average velocity and most
probable velocity
21. The most probable speed of nitrogen atoms in gas phase at a certain
temperature is 700 m/s. What is the most probable speed of nitrogen molecule
in gas phase at the same temperature?
1) 350 m/s 2) 495 m/s 3) 700 m/s 4) 900 m/s
22. 6.0 g of He having average velocity 4 x 10 ms–1 is mixed with 12.0 g of Ne20
2
having the same average velocity. What is the average kinetic energy per
mole in the mixture?
1) 121.35 j/mole 2) 807.85 j/mole
3) 365.34 j/mole 4) None


3
a) Root mean square velocity 1) RT
2
8p
b) Most probable velocity 2)
d
3p
c) Average velocity 3)
d
d) K.E. of gas mol–1 4) 2RT

M
3PV
5)
M
Integer Answer Type

24. Average velocity=_________________× RMS velocity
25. What is the average translational energy and root mean square speed of He
at 250 C. To what temperature must H2 be cooled so that it has the same
rms as He at 250C?
WORK SHEET – 1 (KEY)

1) 3 2) 4 3) 1 4) 2 5) 1
6) 3 7) 4 8) 1 9) 2 10) 2
11) 2 12) 3 13) 1,2,3 14) 1,4 15) 1
16) 2 17) 1 18) 3 19) 3 20) 4
21) 3 22) 2 23) A-4, 24) A-1,2

B-2, B-1,2
C-3, C-2,4
D-1 D-3


1) 3 2) 1 3) 2 4) 1 5) 3
6) 1 7) 3 8) 2 9) 3 10) 4
11) 3,4 12) 1,2,3,4 13) 1 14) 1 15) 3
16) 4 17) 2 18) 2 19) 1 20) 2
21) 2 22) 4 23) 4 24) A-3

B-1
C-2
D-4

1) 2 2) 1 3) 4 4) 2 5) 2
6) 4 7) 1 8) 3 9) 1,2,3 10) 2,3
11) 1,2,3 12) 1 13) 1 14) 1 15) 1
16) 2 17) 1 18) 2 19) 3 20) 3
21) 2 22) A-2 23) 16

B-3
C-4
D-1

1) 3 2) 3 3) 1 4) 2 5) 1
6) 3 7) 2 8) 1 9) 1 10) 4
11) 1,2,3 12) 1,3 13) 3 14) 3 15) 3
16) 2 17) 4 18) 2 19) 1 20) 2
21) A-3 22) A-3 23) 0.23

B-1 B-1
C-2 C-2
D-4 D-1


1) 3 2) 4 3) 4 4) 2 5) 3
6) 1 7) 4 8) 2 9) 1 10) 4
11) 1 12) 4 13) 4 14) 1,2,3,4 15) 1,3,4
16) 2 17) 3 18) 2 19) 1 20) 2
21) 2 22) 2 23) A-3 24) 0.9231 25) 149K

B-4
C-2
D-1

Behaviour of Gases

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Behaviour of Gases

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BEHAVIOUR OF GASES CHEMISTRY

2. In S.I. system, the volume of a gas is expresed in cubic meters m 

1 litre = 103 c.c. = 103 millimeter

1m3 = 1000 litres = 106 millilitres

1 atm = 1.01325 10 6 dynes / cm 2

The graphs drawn at constant temperature are known as isotherms.

Graph between PV and V:

Graph between PV and P:

Kelvin Scale: This scale of temperature is given by Kelvin.

VII Class - Chemistry 214

215 VII Class - Chemistry

Single Answer Type

VII Class - Chemistry 216

Multi Answer Type

3) d1T1  d 2T2 4) None

Reasoning Answer Type

217 VII Class - Chemistry

Volume order is:

VII Class - Chemistry 218

Matrix Matching Type

219 VII Class - Chemistry

NUMERICAL VALUES OF ‘R’ :

PV 1atm  22.414 litre

PV 1.013106 dynes.cm2  22414cm3

 8.314  102 barL k 1mol 1

= 8.314 kPa LK 1 mol 1

= 62.36 Torr k 1 mol 1

 5.28  1019 eV k 1. mole 1

VII Class - Chemistry 220

 1.38 1016 ergs K 1. molecule1

Single Answer Type

221 VII Class - Chemistry

Multi Answer Type

Reasoning Answer Type

VII Class - Chemistry 222

pressure. What is molecular weight of gas?

Matrix Matching Type

3) P and V are 3) 6.023 × 1023 molecules

4) V and n are 4) Extensive variables

Dis tan ce travelled (l )

225 VII Class - Chemistry

Single Answer Type

Multi Answer Type

VII Class - Chemistry 226

Reasoning Answer Type

227 VII Class - Chemistry

17. 4 grams of H 2 diffused through a small hole in 5 seconds at 1 atm.The

Matrix Matching Type

Integer Answer Type

VII Class - Chemistry 228

229 VII Class - Chemistry

Dalton’s law of partial pressures is not applicable to the mixture of reacting

Single Answer Type

VII Class - Chemistry 230

7. Equal weighs of methane and hydrogen are mixed in an empty container at

Multi Answer Type

Reasoning Answer Type

231 VII Class - Chemistry

14. Statement-I : A vessel has two equal compartments A and B containing H 2

VII Class - Chemistry 232

20. The law of partial volumes is also known as:

Matrix Matching Type

Integer Answer Type