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8 Shapes and symmetry

Exercise 8.3
Think like a mathematician
1 Work with a partner or in a small group to answer these questions.
a Copy and complete this table showing the number of faces, edges,
and vertices of these 3D shapes.

E
3D shape Number of Number of Number of Tip
faces vertices edges
Make a sketch
cube of each shape to
cuboid 6 8 12 help you.

PL
tetrahedron
square-based
pyramid
triangular
prism
trapezoidal
prism
Tip
Remember, a
tetrahedron is a
triangular-based
pyramid.

b What is the connection between the number of faces,

M
vertices and edges for all of the 3D shapes?
c Write a formula that connects the number of faces (F),
Tip
vertices (V) and edges (E).
d Compare your formula with other groups in your class. You could start
Do you have the same formula or a different formula? your formula
E=…
Is your formula the same, just written in a different way?
SA

e Does your formula work for shapes with curved surfaces,

or does it only work for shapes with flat faces?
Explain your answer.

188
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.
 We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.

8 Shapes and symmetry

Check your progress

Progress
Nimrah
1 Copythinks of a number,
and complete n.
this sentence.
A regular pentagon has the
Write an expression for number
sides Nimrah
of equal length.gets
It haseachlines
time.
of symmetry
a She multiplies the number
and rotational symmetry of order by 4. . b She subtracts 6 from the number.
2 cWriteShe multiplies
True or False the
for number by 3
each statement. d She divides the number by 6

E
then adds 5. then subtracts 1.
a A square is a special rectangle.
Copy the number line and show the inequality on the number line.
b A trapezium is a special parallelogram.
Write down the inequality that this number line shows.
c A rhombus is a special parallelogram.
Work out the value of each expression.
d A rhombus is a special kite.
Loli lives with 3 friends. They share the electricity bill equally between the four of
3 Work out the circumference of these circles. Use the π button on your calculator.

6
5
7
PL
them.
Round your answers correct to 2 decimal places (2 d.p.).
Write a formula to work out the amount they each pay, in:
a
The
diameter
i words= 13 cm
Use circumference
your formulaof
Workamount
out the diameter
Give yourthese
Simplify
Draw
a the
n+n+n
Use a scale
Simplify
answer
plan
in apart
they each
circle
of pay
a is
ii letters
27 cm.
ii to
the circle.
work out the

correct to the nearest millimetre.

expressions.
view, bfront3celevation
of 1expressions
these : 4 and useby
+ 5c
1 cm
b radius = 2.7 m

when the electricity bill is $96.

and side celevation

squaredlike
collecting paper.
terms.
9 x − xof each shape.

a 5c + 6c + 2d b 6c + 5k + 5c + k c b 3xy + 5yz − 2xy + 3yz

8 Work these out.
M
63cm P
a + (x × 2) b 6 (3 − w) c 4 (3x + 2) d 3 (7 − 4v)
9 Solve each of these equations12and
cm check your answers.
x=3
a n + 3 = 8 16 cmb m − 4 = 12 c 3p = 24 d
5
10 Shen has set a puzzle. Write an equation for
the puzzle. Solve the equation to find the
SA

value of the unknown number. 24 cm

8 cm

F S

196
Original material © Cambridge University Press 2021. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.