ARCHITECTURE &S0LPTURE

AncBent

Treus Vally Ciulitation ’

TousPlanning
lunya Ard ’ Stum 300-1S 80) Senly
Post Naunya Art Seulçte (200B-200AD)
Gupla Artt ’ Tenuple (320 AD-S5O AD)
South Indicy Arnt ’ Termple (600- 7O0AD)

Madieval
lodo Lslanc Art

Dali Sultaurote Period (206-I5)E) ughal Padod

huperict
Provinelal 1206-1524,)
Slove Arct (1206 -ao)
+ Khiljt Art (290-1320)
Bergal Art
+ Tugblag Art (B20-1414) Jhunpun Ant
-Nalua Aret
+8ouyid Ard (I9-45)
+Lodi Ant (I4SI-1SQ) + Bijapua Arct

Nughal Pericc (Isa6-1YO7)

Inperial Provireial
-Akbou -Sauh fochitec tuu
Jahangi Rayput Archiecku
Shahjahan
+Aturcvgeb
 " ARCHTECTURE & S0ULPTURE

Anclent
Thdus
Irds Vallay Ceviliotion ’ Toun.Plannin.s
iauya Ard ’ Stupa (300-18 B) (2600-4800eA
Post Naurya Art ’ Seulptne (200M20OAD)
Gupla Art ’ Tenuple (320 AD-tSo AD)
South Indiy Ant ’ Temzl (600-70OAD)

Medieval

lodo Lsane Act

Delhi Sult torote Peiod (206-1S26) Nughal Pardod

Iraperial Provireal (1206-lS24)

Slave Arc (1206 -D)
+Bergal Anct
+ khilit Artt (I290-1320) aunpn Art
Tughlag Art C320-14s)
-ClaArt
Sauyid Ard Ci44S)
+Lodi Art (s1-IS26) + Bijapu Arct

Nughal Period (IsQ- I7D7)

Inuportial Provincicl
-Akbau -auh Arccitec tue
-Jobhangie tReyput Architocte
Shahjahan
Aurargolb
 Moderen - ( 7050-19sos)

Brilsh Reytonal

Trdo-Gotic Aoadh Achitecte.

Axchitectuve Ngo Roman
Archilectue

CIVILIZATION
" TNDDS VALLE'Y

ANon he eKCawation of Ireas So coos eaiobitled

t t cs the most advnce Civilizatia of the coorcld.
re hu frsl Cviliation cohoKe
cohorto Bunt Bricut cDete
tsed of sne Shape ond Qio.
-Oo the otle hand in the corlenpo«oy Civiüzatior, of
tqypi and Mugopotcnuica, Sun crid Bricus coeraLsecd:
-Anolue tacor eohich maus ve odvanco hat
ie inpacabe foun plavving
Potlery Soultine Brcona o
Ornanent &Tocon Plaining. Testácota

- Saals ne onaohe mosd onup ploco of agtt foud

SRom TVC.
- Iis a geomtroenl Shoped object (quoa, Cinculau,
Triagulon ett )
from of Rivon SAona Aeatte
maca rcom melcls
Bua Coçpert Brtone, Gold & ver
-Sal
 Purpese o Saels and nfenences?
faillated in the tade end + coas mom, t
I Seats
Qulhortty of TVC
(Seals topro also Used s an Aroule(Shamnic Chion)
(enâr)
To cootd off Evil:
prevalent io TVC.
- I iodccates Shomtne Aactices
(Soats provlde Intormation chout Reigious cctices int
: Pashupalt Soal
oOrCilip
-FrromteSocl etcoos otorecd thet Iv°people
protoshiva thet
Prtacticeg ncd notuu
-T!atso iodlete toocel Voqle

-T todicalos Natue lorslip.

Ex' Unicoren Sea
Ono horned Animal.
seal burd
Dricoren Secl coes one of he mast prUvalent
from Ivc, cohich leo indicates toacnde saE.
coorahip cud concept of cohabtation in IVC

(T) Maybe Socls cDerto also csed s Eucational tool

Norow&
Elorgalsd hiniatuu
Vasel Ex: Some of he Saals h¡d Symbol of Pie , Phic , Sie

(2) Potery Colovt

-The Cienertalpeupose poHery of INC cOos Recd in
Redin
Qunc buecd on fi.
Coloun
-It cocy csed for slortagg of GrCç),Waierr und as
udensa
Baued on tre
niniuu Vessal ?
Narotoo Qnd Elonqated PoBery meoni tor
decotcetion.
 Many a t i hse pottenies ane vnod as a Buicl Pollary.
-FAIENCE Polery co0 also used for Deconation
- Porfbrtalod Polierur edas tsed or Slrcining intuest

(Pordutaled Poteny)

Leclure-2
(3) Seulpture
(D Slone Seulptura
-Stoatite
- b4Rivor Slone (Nas)
- fx: BeCrted Pricst
() Terracota
- Clay figuning bausd en ra
- Ex : othere Goddes
- ILtstke mosl coundan imagg found Arom Tidus toan
- Othur Ex Cloy Cort,Toy ete
fu) Bronzo Seulptre
- lutS.
- Lost eoox teehniqu eica Used to Cost Brote
Seulptse.
- Inthe very frat stop Qcoox fqurirg côos
cOkch is Coatecd coidh clay and thn baud CraaBed
on tirg
- Nolten Brono eos
Alled ito the structuce atert
roplacing
-Then t Ýoa le?! for Cooling Qnd
hardened cay coas
Tlermoved und 8ulplure tDta polished itom oudside
Er; Dandng Gird of olhanjodanp
 4) Onsamunls aund Cosnetla
-Typa of eclloy ’ Neculace, Peronl,
Rogort Rings ete
Nost e Cruymenls côere mad tror
-There ase inslrees ot
of God
kuellewy ols.
-VC oof

-Cosnalics ef NC’ oap, Lipstck, Rajal, ndoau

-for Heaing coouda they sed Enctwe mods
Mosteuny tHy)
Hg,(4,’ Calomal

(5 Touon Plarning :
CTADEL LOWER ToWN prD
K

Sectors
Cunuon
Both
Adinatative Wwwwwwww

N
Bullding! loveresl Ditoing
Uprised Platforc

-Cinnaty Indus toron c0erte divicec into partt

e Upper Toon and Louer Too).
-The vpper toos coas uated on upnQised platn
-Uonwrally is orea coas forlttted
Acminstration
-The inpodani str. inthis post o
town neludid
GiraySorage of Grains, and
 4) Oramunls aund Cosmetles
-Types of eollony ’ Neculace, Perdant, Waist bard
Rngar Ring ete
Nost f Hhe Cryamenls coerte made treorg hrnuBon

-TNC Sto o ChaUudauo tOCs unoon torr Bead Todn

Cd NC Stte of Kalibrgan cos wnown fore
Pongls Indaby
-Cosmelles of IVC ’ oap, Lpstcx, Kajal, ndor (Veni
for Healing coouda
uete they
they sed Tnetuwa mace fron
Mortcucy Ha)
Hy,C,’ alomel

(5 Toon Planing
LowER ToDA R
UTADEL

Sectortt
Coumon
Betb Road
Adnuinstative Wwwwwww

Bulding Covere Drtairg

Uprauised Plalforcn

-Cenenally Industoeon coere dividad into partk

e Uppan Tocon und LoLer Toco,.
-The Upper ton coa Created on uprtaised platbun
-Cunialty this area coas Eortfted
-his section of ioun coos monunt orr Adminstrotion
-The inpodant st. in this port of toun fncluded
Grarary - Sotag of Grains and
Conson bath - Rttueal Bating.
-he niosl inp. eYanple is Grual Balh of Mohenjodano
croated on the North and oulh DBructoon
odo from Brrn Bricu Only
and theycôRrU maco
noan) Sor haition of Conunonese
-The looor focon OQs .
-Ittoas divided loto the soclorc
n90od netcoors of onds nd ttoads tBed to
arglo
tohch olhe at Rtght Noin Hoe Cypun
Aaster.
9ldor of the Roacs Drroun cDOre Created
-On both he Bricu slob.
oVered coith Stone slab or
-Theso coOs provisicon o Nainhole ln the Drain cohich
ntY Contad toith Sypsun: i
-I wa meant for flHering the town toaten and
dtschargjing into the grtounda.
- tach and very house c C0onecec cotih ain.

-These ceu inutancan of Stngle, Doubu and Tripl tony

focing main road.

-lhe House cDerte CrQatad toih Buut Bricu of Sne shap

ond stu in the Roteo of 42:1(Lw:H)
- huide he hauses thsto aoro tsod to be bedrcoonm and

-In ome o! the housa they oeru hawing piivate toea

fore etdtng oatert

le
 MAURYAN ART
uelu-s

Cawe Ptlrt upa Srulphue

Shramana Tradition/ venent
-Aleaning Ohucoho Strcêvcs or Tot
Shrcumanc cos cli-voclic moVeMen.
-The prtoponerts ol Shrcnna ajoctorl Conuplex Brtobi
(Vodi) Rtluetds Bralnarnical Suprgrnacy Vona, Co
and they fhvouael upluflment of Bacueocud Clcsses
Cnd omen
crtltcal of Annd
coere highy crítical
<hey coera Anlnd Sacruite cokich
us happenning ndeorininately dunng Vede Period.
-I is soid thot Buddhism, Jainism, Ajivua
the branches of Shitamona tacttion.d bnr
Mauwrya Rulers rigl, tnom Ahe boqinaing pateonde!
hramag racltton.
-Durirg 4he tonua o! Ashoua heNe COcel hune groath
Ro the Arf and Arecitacturea HASOciated otth SheoMen.
todition.
p)
() Mauryan Cawe
Cowein the
Snteineular -Parhaps they coerte the Jst manmade
facade Rellcular bdlon bortinant
Pana
Noutyon Cues corta Polished Hhom Inslde and Prbeicatly
docortaid hrom outsida
-The entrnce taos shaped in Soni- Citculan focade cath
Enteance
Reticulart Parul (Gl) and Sometime wtth the
Sx Lomos Risi lawe, Sculpture of Eluphantt
Boutaboni hila (Goya
- |he purðOSQ cf is CCUes eoas to prtovide Shellere
- Nagarjuni Cave (Gpyo to Ajiviuo Monu.
- Dhaul Caue (Odisha)
-Sudar awe (Bihou)
 Pellare
(orlenpone
During -tht tenurt ol Alunya hty toorm Crnrin
Achemania ( Persian) also Conalreuclec ptlar,tohose Aninala
e lobclo) Abacu
(onupisiorn& Bell
4chemanian Pila, inutyan Pulox Copia|
Feet Avg Heighl- G0Fat
Avg Heighl lb-12
Nofneessaly thc open but -Alwys Qsecled in cpen.
minlytaod insida buidirg Monbllh (Craaded otth
-CncaBcd tn many piace und (Ior Pilor (e)
lalar joined.
- Highly Poliked -Hahy Polisld. +Ashoua Chauma
blo the Ahoue Choa
-beior in Oraftmans-uilo Sugoriou in Craamcnlap. -In
of Abatus, 4Arimal Image
of Nauryoun Pillau:
Punpose
-Bedl -Hoe- Elaphart lion
Boforukalinga BlAR (BHEL- Clbeaoise Diechon)
-To Sorwe the inporuc, Sorumon,Orclare or Cunand () Ranprunvea Copiil (Biha)
-fo Commemoat ethe vctouy. -Animal Bull
4 Aflr Kalinga Wort.
+ bm) Lauria Nanden qorh ()
-To Caeaala inpordon kovonts of budehe. -Animal Single Lion
-To preopogate Dheunuma (Moral- Alical Cora of Cood. ) Sanxissa Ptlasr (UP)
-Arimat ’ Elaphant

(B) Mauryan Seulghuru'

-A lis pont of tiuthe image of VAKSHA and
YAKSHTNI (Flou God &Godcesc) côerte CTQated.
-They

- In Hinduiso hu arerunte of Vuaha in

Jahabhanat nd Saleratriua Puje ( tworalip of
7huahin) ns quile Ropulart
 -loPudhitm Imaga of both Vhush and

-Pontieulanly the
the tmage
emoge ofof Voushint on

For En: albhangtua Vauahini

bronch of lteo)
AuspAichetgoieu
( Youibint

- Voughini Oorahip tosa pan Ineia pheno

dethal an Yashini oonalio toca
menltonud to Stlopachixcvam (Tomil Cpte)
¬x: Didenganj Vaushini (Bthan)
Sallb hanjiua of Sunehi.
Yaush of atuham (MP)

() Mauryan Potter
-The chonclorúsle polleruy of Mawyan eriod ig
unoon as Nortthen Blacu Polished Wu (NBPO)
-IItDes cruaied cib Fallarod ay on a
eoheel. cs Such Ús highy QVen anc polishud.
-It tocs the Ctémax ol Potarusy mauing
(S) Naunyan Shupa
-Supa sa Sanst Qord cohich mears Hocp cUud
- IHs otiqin (n ba trtaced to \eic Aqes , coheralby
fhe qrtecat Soges ot Rishis eoeno
Aorcmction.
- Aflen the death of Buddba hls folloors nlso ucaté

-When Ashoua acceptod Buddlhiso he cecided to Hat

qbhigsupas on Tumains ol Puddha shch Oue
Aluappe Powae U kushinagot
®Romaqtam) 9 Pippatluina (on) Vaishab
DVelhapida (W Kaptlavata Rajgi
 (Trinana
Budeusm)of

DDHAMMA
Orderof
Buddsm
SANAHA BDDDHA D
RELICS OF MEDHI
ToRANA
SDUTH(GaBo
cocy) BuDDHA
ANDA
Mahoparçnivanc
teHARMIKA Khusiagen
NORTH-
- VASTI -
Nirvana Aroeend
Deetreine
CHTRI
’ ofone
PRADAKSHINAPATH
Boclhgay Buddism
(Amlaualory -VEDIKA

Palheocy) (Boundan
uwniniIg

nwona
shinagan Bodhgaya
E)
Nliwena)(") (0
Dherema Bieth

chauna
Luncbini ’
pmivantan

hnah
Lucuws
-Folloroing tu terales, of Andan Butna, Asho
deldd to Consuct ltge Oumbon of 4una
-Ho tnttiaBe a poltey (alm ond Glad
,cohene
and brdn9 poacot
by h
Dumbor ol people
- As pest Some textual tiation toCs 8id thot
Ashoun Ceongtrected morto than R0000 upa.
TORANA
-The4Galecays ot Tonona Symbelise 4 agortot
eostaga of Bucldlha
Eost Torano Binth at Lumbini
Soulh Tonana ’ Niruna at Boclhgaya.
Wal TorNa ’ DeP at Saroth
North Tortana ’ Mchapaniniuana at Kisiagar.
VEDIKA
-"he boundeuy ecál of 8tupa (Vecliua) eocetull coth,
Illustraton e Fou Nartative or Jatoua Katho
8sociated toith prevouu Bfo slory of Budeha nd
clso 4heentisu te Cycleof Bustiha.
-Proadiuhgapatha is <an open crcula paihzcy aucud
Mdi fo Acesstrg the Sacned strucBuao and oorsldp
-Modi and Ancda is a closed sructure caleh contain
the Relics of Buddha
- Horniua is Cornsieerucl 'os the mo+ Saered spoxe &n
sBupa aich is ruated lire eotth Relics of Butde.

QCerth
-3Hortizoolal dau o Chatd Qymbolisen 9 Reina ot
Buddhism eohich ts Buddba, Dhmma, engha
Budha - Aonuen One.
Dhouma - Doctrine of Buddhisy
aba -
Sugha Ondert of Buddhism
 Buddbe
Qleupa strucleue is Congldered a the lieDCOSm of
4NDA
MEDHI
CnunnpnA

by M Sybdises uedttoting leg.

- Ohera
Buddha
-Anda Saymboliser 'kidle body of
pout of
-Harniua ,Vat, Chatru Synboliser Head/Upper pevd
Buddha
 POST- MAURYA ART

Cowe Siupa
Surle
() Cave
Amastowat
Cave onthe bosis b
Srtactene
VeliveShupa (a) Struetuy:hisin ink
-Apskluot
VCut cowe -Apsicual vQult Caue coih Pillarg.
-Apsicual vnul! hve toithout pilo.
Pillaus FQuadrarqulan hal fat rtoof COue.

Ex Ajenta Cowe _MH) (6 Punpose

Bhaja (aue [M)
Karla Cowg (MH) +hatyg
Prayor hal for lonu
Thang NaduuCawy. ’ Vihasta
PRihal Khoita Chve -Reicence /Shtor fo lon
Io Buddlisn lt coca the tratiog tnat dring monsoon
nNohaåai Kondiwele Chue AAonus needed to stay n Vtharas ard Confes al {cin
Tl doings,Guâls and ina
- Ajonta,Brja, Kornla had both Choiyca aund Vihoa
but Noshiu Cave are only VihaOA.
Nauuddhe
(2) Stupa o
IneNumber
Of Chatns -Durig the postmaunya period a Sacond
Upparc Prodaushiooth (003 introntuced at the evel o
ongt Nadi eohich Symbolise Mahayaun pathof Budalt
LoLwr - LoDen Pradaushinnpalh Synbolise the ircyana
of Buddhism
Pradiuhanapth
(irayoa)
 -Thenumber o Chetrás
Chetrsstrctad to inorccno al bis potat of
Budlhisi.
ling ohich ymboliser Cocoth of
tôctênatallalton of abuman forcm Budtha tn the
toich Syrbolises the begining o-
punise of Stupabudelhitm:
Tiol tworeahip in ra
n

coooren Verliua of tho

t

Moreovere the
-taplacod otth stone.
Ex : Bharhut tupa - Amcucuucdt Stupa-AP
Typea of Supa
O Srondnua Buddha Ralia of Budeho
D Angtua upa ’ Athclek sed by Budde Ript raida sBup,.
O Üpdeshiua Stupa For

Seulpturu boipr

Boasts Garclhata Amautowat

Areo NW rontiore Westorun UP Lowert KrLÙchna

2Godauart Volley
Type of Stone Grey bndstord i| Red Sondslon Dhite Narcble
3pci.
Patronizotion kushancu a RushancSatavabano &
bo TKSHAVAKU
lsps]ov2 h

Infuence Gruco-Roma- Pac! Totallyeri ftolally

roan Infuence
Helltnisti Indgenou Inaagjenou
Reliaion & Only Budelluisn Buddhism
Hinelutnony bektliutn
AAsoeicted Joinisn
 Foclurtes Guslhena Uathusca

trua Imege DelighledJrmogy

of Puddlha of buddha
Culy o1awy-Cormnbed Hair
Hf Ctosed fya-fullopen tyen
Unghaven Face -Shawen fote
No Orame on -orte Orn
Nery tes Ornaml
Optirnum Clbihs-uxoriouto
Soni lxoiou tlo
uuselesnd Bona Round bocy
Vösiol

Spoclal Faatwn Roman Jeunisn

Tall Imaqe mage of
lorae Forubsoad
|Lrge paniçuday
Broad Shoulderd Wandhomeun
Grecu Aahavst Wcs
Crected
Grace ofthe

Imager of lond
Gireugod.ni Shive aund Lond
nApollo, Teus
Lorg Shiva tDcs
of Image prtesenked iy the

Herculu, AlHes.
and Shivalinga

Barrud and Reprusentad oth|

oustaches his Aych tArn
(ohbus
|Images had
|Soond otth
Seabbod.
Sinilarot Halo tocu crecied Hao
Closo Ho heodclose lo heac
a(Teched
Anonauat Lecte-b

n% acategory of Panl Boulgte:

Ttisbosed on folk Narratives and Jotaua Katha
Dtch e based on Pravices !e slorcy of Budha.
Ohte ble

pib

denngoi4

(HA) boclngun)A
 - : GUPTA ART

-Gupla Aqe t consldened a the Glden Age of

Atl and Achilectnd.
-It coos {he Climay of Cuwe uchilectue.
-MoreouoIL coces aluo te baqinninq O} tenpu Onck:t
- Not only tenple cocs mace but also manuseript
Aommple ta atso oriten.
rugaudin
[Cave Sarcnath
Sauptne Tongle
-Evolution o templ int.
Odisha Chandelo S
Sobr
(1) Caue Archioctuu

@ Ajarh Coug Aunongabad (uH)

29 Cewes = Purey Bucldhist io Natue
a Vthatcu
lope Cawes eDeru Cruated- onthe stoep sido of fhe HElL.
-There are instences of Sngle stry cund Quen dade
Storuy Caue
Recliningbuddha Being crualad on step side there twere no Cowctyo'
Mahapoviniruena Slate. io Ajanta.
Inotde the Cawg Buddist spetimun colich inelucle
Seulptue nd Frushco Nucal Rintg.
-he TeonogKoplayof Ajenta ts eo ln wih Mathuna
Bhunispausha Nudnca eund Gurnchata Seulptu
ohich men Ecuth is whera bythera ts debietton of ertira ifatoru o}
eollness to lhe Perthy of und Jatoua Kothct.
-Bome Populare tXCUNples aue ?
()Marta frnyTenphng Buddba 1o
(o Raclining Buddha
faheolutal Painling
calegery of oall patoting
Alucal is a beuod
crcted
Trside the Ajanta tesheo Aluncla toere
Do Buddhish Theme.
fechniqu of frtenheo uutal as follorps -

he
a nirture of cly, Ricetau ard
. todhe vony
s orzecled tobe applicd om he (oull of Cov.
lowDung
.Iodhe Second sloge timesto tspplled nd foaly
teimaggis CrteaBed led oth olowe.
lnitta nalue is Mnt or
The
molsttute
lsorbs theeador ! erlvens the pairting-
Onco&
Second rtale vance of {uis mixtwe is tolke
- hu
The
CuP.
obsorbs the lour nd inprånts it on the cal of Ceve.
Exaupl
Podtmapani( BodhisaBva holdinga lota ) n)-.
- Uajrapani (Bodlhi sotva holding a Vaja) (hundeubol)
-Naltrukya (futune Busdha) yrn ot
-Uanjushai (Butdho of tolsdom)
-AvalouileDNsta The Lond toho, loou cdoon coilth Conpossiey
Q. tokdeh of the follaoing t, Avalokdosora ?
Ktigoutha
 6Eloria Caug - Aunangakad (uH)
94Cowes

12 (euddlitm)
s(Jainiam)
-Hioduism is the donuiatin Haligion in Ellora.
Katleshnalh Tenuple (leni)
Koilotbnat6 Tenpla is consiarud Arcehiloch.t
-Nis amonolithic tonpla
-The tonpa os, Quated folloaing lop doon, ppstboch
Cnd it cocs.rctecl o Very shortt spas of timy
-his toupla wns Cruated by. Roshtrauuta Ruler
-Ellora also had Sulptues bauecl on
Krushso:)
Jainsry and Buddhism.
Hiduism,
-Ouof Hhe feuvous Seulbt ts Rauara Shaúirg

Indtcsaho:

OElephante Cewe -op Coost Aunboat

-At this stte mang gcudoBua relalcd to tinduism

-The most famous ts Salpluna, ofTonutt

Trimunti Bhaitou, Mahesh, Uma.
Bagh Ccwe - Indote ,Nlean Bagh Riven, up)
- 4 Buddist Cowe
Chwe numbest of this COwe is
-lo tis Chue bautful feshco
unoun as argema
baed on Budhism
) NoshiuCowe
trraditin of
-Total 23 Cawp, based on 4tinyauna
budclui's cÔs erocrled.

They cue' Vihenos (Ratirg place fo Monu)

- Hinduisrn.
Abehiuis Uu inp fo the perspective of
Kumbh Melo.
-Ils placooH ttonas
MSocrd rtivert odauni omenge Aorn Trstau

Trùnbautshuor NgstuGuivunak
Chirishneshoert MH Somnalh
Bhim shanut
Kemesoeuam-TN
OmuarehDar
iallioejung -Si saile (A)
Baidyarnth - Degorh - Jharuband
Redarath- UK

Q. lohich of the following ts a Sen Tenple.

UDANAGIRI &KHANDAQIRI Cave 9

-hese Caves cDQre Crectecj dusg he Tiegine ot
Jein King Khastowela
The Cawes cro adornd ith Soulpteue boaed on Jaintm
-T aso daloici Boulptue rolated to Caisst
Classiccal daunce.
JONAGARH Caye? Giuja tHilu- Guunal)
Upperust Cove.
Ihe Cows eDAru not crooted on Ground levet istecl.
they toerte cracted on upraised platom coonacta
Hhtough stairg rStaiy
-Those Caves have Specimen and motive O9S0ciatec caèih Graund
boh Buddlism and
 (2) Sannah Seulplune i
This style of Sulpuue
Nalanda &\unese
-Theyeaoe Dnu Candatory tohich
nom Churec ninn
Mathuno
- Thu leonograply o Snath is cloßer to
Sculotue eoiih ome noediting.

drapery tos dopaetod

- In Surnath transpoent
of Buddh tòed
The halo around the head
deslared on themastgin
istritnt,
iJavenah doulptne tôs
- One more addllon
heonponatin of Jalaua poe.
Caaled but also
- Not only lone Sculptucs tôera
lle Coppert and Broae üene
Sculptue rom metal tue
so erocrtec.
Budaha.
 -: Tenple ArchiBecBure Lechu-7

Avelutlonio Nonth

() lst Hage.
toof sqtuute tonplo cocs catecl
lat
Lbthis staqe plaform oilh Shaloco pBllnss
gtcxuded
- On Soneli
l7 of
x: Tonuple No
(0 2nd SBage Cortinuud
sURo lonple epproach
-bthis stnge flatreof
rtated on tepitised plalfose ond
tos
- Nlao lonple pilaa.,
enith &n dgpth Kuthasto,up)
A: Parrvatt Tenple (Nachna

slage. Squate tenple upraised platfon nd

b tlis Continu olh the tnbroduchon
in depth pillar ppreach
Sanetoun)
(Sunctum
nGoxbhagniha
:Dashavatar touple of Deogarkh- Jhansi
Style anglo
-Tks slagp s conidared a piucurOK to Nagcuca

Nagara Style of lenuple

.

Finial
>Amalou
he Spedal fateue of agaua -tonple " Swha

(ProyerHalo
Mandap
(N enple is gananally Or0ated on uptisecd platform Jagali
-Poriatea
PoHt
(n) Gereally boutany all on eter lans is e

abgent io (Anibalatoy in
citi.
() Themoio dhty is plard trstde Gpuharahg.
t) Gonseally tn mang of the tonupla Panchayatan 3thyle
is tolloused . twhere by one maun Goclis placed cooth nar
ug
'al
 () anenally Ahgarta tenpla toere ereated ta
Orucfed GrOund Plan.
Creeifto
Ground Plan
(un) On topof Shiuhar a honicontal diss toes cruol.
nomed as Amlc, on cohich Fenial wa plarod
-The most popdau toial n Noguta is Kalouh.
Kalah
-Amalau fr: Koalt suonnalh Tenple
Bhtloatgaon tenple CKanpu)
Substyk of Nagarn
() Odlsha Tanple
-The oxleriot coall of odisha tenplk tocg lauishy
decaratcd eotth Iotricate Covuingg
bose but iruted abruptly Curues
cut at he top wich it
lunouo.Doula Seuht.

- Gurenally boundanuy eoaltis pusent in Odicha ye.

-1he proypr batl en Coisha slyle cacs uoun u daqamo
-Bul the iorior coells coRre ept plain.:
-Gurunolly the nagos of datiy en Cdisha siya coas
crecrlad coh Nley Wod
fx Uagannaih lunpe (Pard)
linguaj enpte ( BBSR)
Garbbaguhe Sun Tenle (konaru)
(hushninga
Moheniandap (0 Khaijunao bnple (Chandala lauuple) :
,Main Sbar
- Chandea tenpls cre Ceatec on
.Ardheanacep ralatively
(Enironu) Veny high platforum:
Jagati
-Wth pals llue Adhistam- Bae platforum
Adhishana
Jagatt - Upperc platforum
-The preence of multiple
ShiuhaIc gives ctrn inprcsion of
mountain ranqe
bleha denpla toene cectocl fcing Eost clcction.
-Gexnally derior and xlerion coall of chondela tenuple.
Bolhhe inlicale comvig.
- (ouishly deeorcted toith
et
tonuple aso embodia Qrtolle gelpwcs
Thechandala thee coatta.
baudon Kaomosutra on
onls hindu bul also Jain tonples coon
-Nal
on Chanddla Style.
Tenplo ( Khajunaho)
fx: kandarntya Nlahdew
Laushamara Tenple CKhajunabo)
Chaunsalh Vogint 'Ianyple (nuonea, dabalpust, Khajunaho).
Parsuanalh lenuple din lenple CKhajeuoabo)
Ckhajeoaho)
Gartat Tonple ’ Jain Tenple
(m) Solanut lenpe i
coveloped by Solanui Rularsof Guurat
his style coCs
hindu but Jain tenpler toere also Oreated Smalllnple Repta
Net only
tonle coertedecorated flanging fron
The conlts of he
mocaale to inticcte tavel
Some of the tenuples tn SolantStyle had a loppes
tanter lanu trunctus
tis
- Oh ench slep of he lanu gmalt rtoplco of tonple
Cruated +Rant Kt Vau (Patan)
dirtectie
-Gunrally lenuplacoerte cKOatec faciog eoat &hr¥na. UNESCO HERITAGE SME e
So thalSun ray diraclly enter insile the (20ru
CTectec.
In this ote stopped cools coore also
Ex Nodhea Seun Tenple (Nodhera) S;

Ambojt Taup S

Sonnah Tenuple -
Tnpl
Roreupese Jein Tonple Bhaccsee Join Dengle
Dtlwerc u
area
-nalagement; planni.
 Soudh Indion Architeetune
Evolutton of Tnpl in South Jndla
Soih India began undusc
round 600 AD Pallova ,
- Intttaly Roculut CCwe Queilectue ea Creeled
Lôoalp placo. cohich tn due
on lo devplope hto ful fudqe Dradivá
The deueleopernarnl of Dravida Tenpu happen tn
tohich as tolloos.
() Maheduavarumon tage
- Ibthis slorqg a sinp rOuCut structu cÑou
Ctaated cua coorglhip place uno aa ondop
() Narasimhavarman Stage
Mndap -Inthis sta the Rocu Sructuse coc retned ton,
Ound Chascud from outsie to qtue da proper
bacudtfu hope.
-his sucitora cocs callec as Rah of lahabalpunan.
Rath of iahaloaliuar Roislnaaumen Bage
-In tis siage reai structescal tenpler coere Cruatal
-Cupela - Nowtemple
archilecte moveout of he Cove:
Vimana -Thu mest sqnifceni achigvanent o this
trtroduction of Pyncunldal toelinëg loagrshaewgn
cony
au
Vimena
-Tiis said hat this slage gawe rise to Drwtd hyle
of Tenple
Shorg Tenuple chabalipustam (Mamnlapuncun)
 Nandlvarman Staqe.
populeudsotlon of Draciy
r ,Hhis stage there coe
of Menpu and mny tonplus toere Cuated
Ghla uteca in Drcavtd ahyle
o4hé fonfunged
-hemost famout oxuple Vrikunlh Penl Tenqple

Lerlre2
DravidaTomple?

-Vinara
Narta Or -Enelosué Úall
ond
-Soneun
Deoarnpali Sontorom
Seulpte Antanal CVeaticuld)
|Bhog
Prayer tal
Nandag
-Aaaha
Nandap
Goputan Pushorom
Cdatartana)

-The most stgneftoaunt ()

.Orawicda tenple artchitoctunco loegcn tunderr Pallaves
berl t reached ts cemax turdhob R eg

The mosl sioritaarnt tatwt of DrtaviA tonuple ts -

(0 Prnence of panddal neining tooer (Vinana), on
top of cokich Cupelh ohape tnial soos ertectecl.
() Crenal, boundary coall and onter lanu (Stegped)
0s prtasent in the tenple.
Dravid touple aue lsa noled fort, high risng
Vinona on gaBedcy unoan Gpuxom
 I) lostde 4he pronise of tonuple Oe notee
Nkuta Nadap bu clhslcal pordornbnce
Bhog Wandap tort Arasad DBstuibeton
Ardhe Alandap t the ontirance potche of tenot
tolich olher tha soulplune of Nari is Crsctod
he fag of lenple is natalled
)Al cnltace of Garbhaqu& ha Seudpkrus of
Deoonpal coere Crealed (Guanda of the terp)
-In Nlgora tonpla. tmaga of thun/ Riven
Goddas Guga& Yamunn o0s auated.
9 Gabhagr ha is Conneeted hnough.a narrtod

Ex Bribadashusar Tongle Charjoa)

Sub-yle of Dravida ?
-AnanShrin
D - his shyle eoCs dave loped by Vjuanagot Ruless.
NoRte

-Ipacially Knlöna duva Royn

24abhagia
Bo Kealyan (oln iayarogt Shile Vay dlose erclosua oats terte
andap
cected
(0) Oothe Sarde of he Gnteay,theyoreated imaga of
Spernatutal borses.
*Vecrbhadra toupl (mo lrside tle pronmise o tonuple- one can kod
Kaluan Nlurcdop mnl the masuiaigca inste fue prerme.
Lapovahi
Virupaucha tonpbtHangi kinoun as Amnsan mine ohich e00s dedioted to
M ijajanagcrc Rular alto cinatedt Alat Aort
Sirecteve Knownas Dibba mecnt ot porormane
Ruas.
(oNayaa Tenple Nondh

fr

Meencuahtengu

Parauram
CCortenidand
Eaut
-Srinangrn
Puhmororn
-Outen Bounday
(
I000 Pellar
Hall Innen Orundy
-Ths type of tonple ocs deuelopet 'oy Nhiyaua Rulart
of Nacuri
Fectuu
o Garenaliy thea is a concel of tog boundony eoctll 3e
Cuterr and LmrtPoauder tall.
() Nayaua Styleisnclod for largp unber o!
and lostge bubar of Gopusteun
Structure
Nayauose

His ao noled for ples0nce o huqe Costr¥clona

 Othen Shyle of South ?

- IHls cortivod fom Snint ond VishaO"

Exowpl ohich mans touirg a long path.
-"hia slyletn davelopocd by Chaluwya Rular ol
Dungo Tanple Aiholi Kurataua.
Ladubanlede Aihole -is onsldauc as miylurce cf, Nogava,
hpanath lomulePettodunl Buddhist Chetya Drcvd,
Featus
Caale In (ne cath Nogna Style they have the toheogt ol
cOruc anbulaBony possAgeo y.
In) fhe toert of the tonuple is irapised trom DrONid
Vimena
) Irapirud Arom, Budnist Chaitya thy Coated Beng.
Cieular upsida,
() Hoysala Taneplei
- os davelopec by toysala Ruler of DearaSan
(D tar Shaped Guoend
) Tenples tOerte Pan]ehn ph
(h is style (ORrO Dot Crcaatec on
Garbagniha
() Hs ao role tor inkicate
Carwing besac o
Mababhanat
Pusana ete.
Ex : Hoyosa latcaar lenpl
(talebt)
Channa Keowa. lengleSomioathpure)
 INDO-1SLAMIC ARCHITECTURE
Lactureq

Nedieval (Arcucade)
Anclarl(Tabeate)
-ltntelCorstructm - Arc ane Dome mathod of
Fhl Roof &
Constraction.
Flal Erbarp
AC
moloeil -Bricu,limestore lordos
Loior Constreuckon
Ly Stone -Preertoof Minenote
(NarNOD &
-No lirnate
Venyhightooer) -No Idot or Seulpruue
ljlcus buikdig

Architectuse
footuns of Trdo-Islanic
Buctanirg of Arc nd Dome tathod of Congtuckton
m
Grey and Rad Sandstons fragquanty.
t Thy used
Pronnises, ttira
) Inthe baginning many of the Jai, Islonuie butldtng.
Premises cOore Converted into
raprsentation of Tdols or Soulplune ig
lslandc buikding.r sho b)
decoIato tre
(0 Thay cakd Intricato Guornetrica Dalon to
building.sli
of The QuCUN
) allqrtoply cocs sed 4o tDTule the Verses
on Tslande Buiding.
-For tônitin8 The Qunonic Vertsea the Angularisecd voxsien

DArabesoue Nelhod of Decortotion:

-Itisls aatype
-It Ot Vegelal Pttern
type of Hertttol bya Contirucu
A. D,
tunntg lom Cnd Stnlev Jderteal anfy strucur on
both he sds of Slem.
 #Ptelra duta Aelhod of Deoration
-bthis mg{hod bacuteful deaigns coere realod
Lonlls and In thae cesinng Colorul marcble,
precira and sunt- pructou stona eooO poatod

(on) hey conted Trlrdcale Jalts butdirgt

-Tlacto og Jharnokha for lObmen.

(X0 Theu ccaled gcod numbert of cücor bodie he
fountain ,small pool and dsalg to increoao the
Ashatic bonuty of the Aurnise.
(0 lslaic Rulare olso slorted the tracitiong Al
Plarting Gandev and Garcang astDund the butt
(X1) TheCmax coca Chaharbagh (Four Stntan Ko
Gartdun)

Dali SultanateIruperial Architectue)

Slaue Peruod 1206-1290)nizl
- Intis phase Join and Hindu prenises ane Conuethe
oto Isanic bulding.
-Red Sanaslone coas sad for the ConatruscB ton and
they initalod the Qorstruuction of irenates
Ex Qutab Uinar
Guioat ul Islag Uosque
Arhai din ka Jhopra) - AHmen
(u) Khiljt Poriod (1290- B20)
Er Alo Dareoato
Allouddin Khi C18) -Inthis pertiod trua ate and doMa mthod o
Proussor ta of Delhi lonstructon Siartec.
Indraprosha -Aylhalagical -Inthis phoe also Rad SordsBong eo08, Use
Laluot - Tomars

Siri and Sini fot

 Dalh
hucursor Cieaof
Traprtoath-lythologtcot.
Laluot Tomcut
- Athot Rof chauhan
DtlaRat PRihora
Giri-Allauciokhili
Tuahla
Tuohlaga bad-Ghliyu -dtn-
feroz Shah kollo
Shah ughlaq.
- fexoz
Jaheparka- d- bln Tughlaq

ShabjahenabatShahjahan
Neo Delhi-Britlsh.

Period B20-Iss)
(1)Tughlag
Qs risis porlod

-Theg ued Gray Sandton cohich cos cheopex and

Thu follbuod Batare mehod CondtsurtiÝn to cohloh

oalts cere slonted from all he stds.
E:Foroz- hah Kotla Fott
Tughlagnbad Foteond

-Iheyintsodacod buue enamellad tla is Tndta

-Thy also irdiotucac ockagonal shapee kulatoge.

1haybdroduad doubla dome strauctte eollch wcs

aStrong and reai lient feature Iodais Doubu Dme SAauch
Tay tcoponated the Trellan Contept of Vetandah tn Ex: Lodi's tomb
4hein building,
lt's ctarted Hhe tradition o planting gorcon, around
 Provircial Architecte duning Delhi Sultanate
(O Bongal Archtlactun
They cesod Prlcu arx Bocu morble u main
malerials c
Huge tnçotig structue aorr Qruated coich
oratu e
- Specalty eoos Cuction ot Slping Pargla Rof
Rosol
tx? Kodom iosqueGrut.
Adina Nasjtd ’Pandva
(0 Jaunpur ArchiBechu
- Itoos cvdlopec by Shangut rulon of Jaunpun
- Ih tis ayle abo huge btltng
-The Spectalhy cf aunpeu echsteetod enhn
Pruypylon Gatacry
-Inlhis cyle nårarates eoôrenot cOotod

Anrchtaetun (Uandu),! alil

(ND Malwa trchitectue
-IH co deualoped by Pathan Rulera of alaa
- Theytsacd coide vorlcty of sonn in 4he Custucten
- lrge ondoos eoQre Choated for CoSs ugntilaton.
-Thy orocdet collproportionad sBair-cônya
lhayato odo
high rusthg pw?ln: alo

-Choronally beu lergs e0e (raotol closore o canebry

Ashraft uahal
Reni Ruponat Potlion
Jahar ahal
() 8japurArchtteet:
Shahi yasly of eijopen
R(os crdctad by Ari
ec
Corcniccs Qerte crcocoh
Inthis style Are
also toduced Thruc focet
They phenical domes ebere Cteatac.
- D hisslyle atmost
Exngmbaz
Adil Shaht Mdaqborta
Counicer
Jont Aaijtd - Btjorun

boins!
 MUGHAL ARCHITECTURE -

Nethen Bobu or tumagun hád

Creat sionttleunt stuttuwe in Todta
-Bul Bnburt Crualed 2 nesque
() lanipat ()Sambhal.
Humayun (ed the thuatton o Chy of Dln pon
io Daihi, but ko ons not abs to Conpld i
- Alor tha death of tunayun his totks tnid.
ourel Bogha Bagum Constructec he tigt
buiding o! ua (tunepu's Tonb) lande
-Iis padecl Kanpla of Syaruy anc borut
combiation of Pens onclstong arn Qhte Wenbl.
ln thes buibirg one en notice becuttt
of Arch and Deme Conoination
AKBAR
-The tuu begtnning o Mughal Ahucktlectue slankat
during Aukarcs Period.
-The Arsl and Tnttat tructerg Qraotecj by ubar
Red font Age
- In roveranco to &ut? Soint Saltm CusteAubae
ducided to crual a Seponate Chpttal Conpkx at
Fatohgun Siuru
- lngicde -his Complex maySbuctuos cocro Created eicb

0Baland Doutcöeza
-Rts agont galeay n cohlch TUDOR Ape of Hre
-Ohu of he gnttcaunt buding iside the Conuplar 0
(TUDOR AR C) Sam Chisty tomb och is one of the tingt
QKonuga of Irticcde Thlt eoor
 Constructonof Jodha Palace, Brbal Palace and
,he buikirg Roipul melhod
Roijpul melhoda terd sed.
Pnch ahal ol lese
balcony in
Ch Nahal ts bacurtul oxanpl ol hanging
kujpelShyle.
ingpotanl buiHng coou Thadatuhane
Arolher
fo dlecacton and delibenatiun olhtbe
dMerent Reliotory
Eoreeniatte of
Pablic
.Diuen-l- am + elug toth Connon
. Doan-- Rhas ’ Metig otlh Special Peopl.
lr alo paonksed Hhe Corutructlon of Geuthd Dolengle
ofialhtna

JAHANGIR
Arcliteckuy
-Johangte also patnonlsec Ariand
obicheoÛe
-Hp Costructed Aubarcs tomb at sluandara,
auo a fslon slructe
Pearl Oite
-Ho clso orstrectod Nolt ojid at lahoI., in

- Mistol the Apclilectaal

Architectrad lritiatiye during dabangi
Period coas tun by Noore dahan.
-He corslructed his tather's tomb Tbrad Udaulah tomb lAoa)

Qxtengive tae of Piatra duna style of deconaton.

- She càos auo inarrertal plantirg garctons al
ni-rogu
Sralranogh , Nishal brgh
SAAHJAHAN
-Shahighan' Peniod eoa lhe Cnoxof bato- slante and
Mughal Aredhitodune
All Ühe fectu of Irdo-ls louuie achitectue üere at

tx Aralbesqa, Calignaphy,Petaa dusa , inerala.

Chahore bagh etr.
 helhighlghl oftlis te
Hho Conatuction of
(teat illusion. Taipuahal to
hahjahan also corstruclod
(1) Ch of Shahýalonbad -tDlich loclud
Red Fort Delle
-Chandi Choot.
fatzhpeut Masfid.
+Mena Barar
() Badshahi Uosque -laboruobinJ

AURANGZEB
-Auarqeb coos agninst the acitectusal. actuy ont
scuta gpei ort foroa
-Thouah he Corsbmctod uolt Alosjid tnatda Rod fot-Dilk
-He also COnumissèomed the Constuchiy of Bibiua Wad
at Auangobad
Azam Shah:
7rhhval nt)otn 2 bu21
 CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTORE TO MDGAL :

(0 Archilectu'
Qtab
-Themostinparlanl Siah Cuchitectne tocu Guvudano.
ugal Infuunto n Gururkaevto nihe
Dormbs
teniquenest of
but to maintoin the
domes bet (Sunled Shuclua)
coan tooled
uto Structue
Cuded
coas mulkyplicily of Chahei,
Sperialayof
rdlSpecíalR Gqudtona
lenupo- Anuihau
Ex:Golden
Anandgny Sohib Anandgan
Nwauana Sakib-
Shib Taloandi
Korlarpur Sabib-witto
Puistan,.
()Rajput Architectue
of the tineut toxt mauass of Indicy
ubcontventoi

ipharhgoash ton their Conatuctin

They used eoice Uericly of Stune
kle Uonble,
6: Pru Sadston, But Colour Stony,
Albsnie sudus
in
Infence Canbe B0en in Raiput Architectue
he forcm of Domea
Rujpuat butkirg! nbto fo Ronantic and hangig
alcony of Vanuosshapa and sites:
(O frolhe nolabu gtuuctumo io Rajpu! Archtec tue. ocs
half bouo shaped Crwed Corunices
Obsenvatory
Jantan lonla- Delhi,
Kaigl Rulrc Jeisingh onstbucted mony catrononical hipurt, Lathua
ohseruatory: o t t oHda) Ojjain, Baratcu.
 MODERN' ARCHITECTURE

British frohitectue
-Suiot fonl Gunoe af Aiodan, Saiot tot
Caleuta eogo the tritial Briteh
- Aller Consoliclating then poan to India t
Potroducd Irdo- Gothie Shyu of
Arclitechua
() Ihdo- Gothic Shyleof chiteckue
-wRHh the Onival of Tndo- Gqothie Qucchutoekun
aclvancod engirning toola coere

fon Canstreuctior,.
-Thay cructad lbrga uoindous in thain buiking
Thin conls cote ctualed oth Strcorgt, lact
-Bocouse of Iron Root the Strength inereose:
They totiodro
-Vetolan dhco ant caan ertorkiuelý tod boin deciaakon
-Ty aso Crentec
Calubay of tumbai , Chunchgale buiking (Munita)
fort Nasmbaç , CST, CVcloria Terninu)
4. Poud Cotedral -Calouta
Writest's builig Calcute
Viedorua Memoruia!Calcuta t
Kiporn building- uadgca
(10 Neo RoMQy Sl

of Caplial 4tom Caleuta to Neeo Dalli -

-Tutoau of dayeloping Copidal Conpex at Delki 8
Botrcusted olth too Brtish Archutocs
Eduoyn lutny and Heorioent eoun.
 Aros coho Bingte hancledly plannd
But
structnes in Delhi.
Hh
featues
styles. ohich lud to enungpnte of
of cny
fston Shuelne.
(nonymou
gcoand and becultflto
buidirg toera
m Alanycf the
odlcou Conipervuised lo lerns of
builaing:
t Many of tle
prudeiacd
Cenenaly Cineulan ground plan Dcs
left for the ouation of Gondes ond
(Ú) Spaces côeru
eryionmenkal

K: Rodhtrapat Bhausen, &ocratarialPildung.

North BlocA, Sout Blou, 8C Building bap
Tto Nucti Bhben Notional luseun ete,
(1XN)

ARCHITECTURE,
- CONTEnMPORARY OF BRITISH

Aogdh Arciteuish
ct pdinhh2 Pk h po
of lucuno).
-Iteoos initialec by Neuwobs
Fectuus
GIhey didot se Constructon insted Brica

The doma tn Aoadh Syle eacs craated coithout ariy ponunt

Sappot
) they als0 Cruatod one of the tangent come in this Style
() Cabyrirh (Bhul Bhulaiyo) eoere alo Created
) loral Qschud
Queilecte Rumi DoTLATA
In Sorve buiding umbrtlla &haped domes uNe crectec
Chata Ncvzil
Luctura-l
-: REGION &
PHILOSOPy

BUDDHISA .

- huno Kualniya
Clan 8hauya
falher’ dodlana
Moler Mahamoya
- Kingdon ’ Koptlauatu
bos

-Origisal Name ’ Sildhacha Gauiaro Inhy

4 Signs ot L
tniustp2.r
Sgnof Dapte Hope
Stcuman +Meltouw Robad Monu
Dead body
- Alhe aqo 9 Schantha dacided to kenucio
is home.
-This Qupnt of leauing home en Buddhism ls soon a
Mohainishuram (he GrutGong foh),:
-Allor his Qvent Siddhartha bouv utvrajau
- Be sBortod to-toltoo hramona racditon.

- Aflart teoning hings Kalam Sddbostha

he reac hed to villagg of Unuvella
(nd on he barue of riwor
aBonyontua he Ninonjana ( Phalgu) t
medilated or 4A day
 of co'h day he arhieved Nivan a ’Cheis ras from Cyeleot
midnigh! baing) Death &Birlh (Sansoo)
-hlhe Flame of
Estityuishment of folloeoeru ofSidclharlha gloted
achicving Nivana
-Aflercac coauendone)
Buddha (
Io allhim Nnvnna Buttha guo
-Aler ataining
tn 8arralh.
dadore partu

Overlome (Nirodh)
MNtscny Coeld be (Astangtua Mang)
ts a pah ie 8 Foldpath
b Thure
(Astangua Mang)
8foldPath(
Vsion) io.
m Sanmau Dráshtt" Riglht

(Rightmeans of livelihuo)st
(D) Sanyoy Ajvana
Concertcatton)n
() Sanupu Dhyona ( Right Exemcises)Nt .
(u) Sanyu Vyayama (Right
(w) Samuau Sntt (RighB QuDluoness about cnesalf)
(a) Banygu Sanadi (Piaht dep medtlaton)
-Buddha stontad to pruoch at tmany plates.
-Sone of the inportant places ncluca ’
Natshali, Ragrahy Pawa, Shrtowesti ete.
AB the
ahopanintruanoTal bloroout) atat Kuli nogt
lh evernt of Nahoparinirwana n Buddhism is ongiclerud

Ribirlh.
 () 1s Buddhist Council ?
-In 83 Healf he disiciples of Brudlhc
1sl Buddhist Counetl al Rajqriha tusdere
ol orlenpoiary ling hjakshaku
Ae pobso,
-Thls Qssambily toan prcsickd oy udehitl mon
Mahauahyap
-One of his disctpa of Buddha pali cokoucted
VicyaplBau -+ (Upeti)
Monastic Discipline oa boou Stapaua-(Vinayapiloua)
Butaptiaua ’ -Buddho's cousto Arand elaborated on Aterotie
Cniginal tackig of
Baddha
-in 983B Sqcond Bhudelist Counil tocs CoNred
at \aishol
-Ilucs patronised by conlopotairg king Ralashu
-his asonbly côca prtaçided by BDtdhist uing Soboions

factonism bto a Sacis.

-Sthavicvadins Cheovoda)yi!

Theu eoRre ordhoclox tllouera of.Bucdhiin.

Mahasamghuc
of Bucddait,

bu 3nd Buddhist Couneil

11 wos conuened io R63BC at Patllputrta
- I wes patnonsed by Ashoua cnd.
Puddst monu Mogali Puta Tssa
-nis considared as he nos! trupotot Buddhist Con
-Ashoue tunOvQe allthe 18 horchia (diserstion) tuon
Buddhism ond rucoonied Theriowada to be only vesiw)
 OnemorO Ploua
boou Abhidhamma Pdoua s Codefied
cohichis about Melapysts of Buddlnistn.
(Philosoplcalblerpruatotiou)

{hegnd of this Cotuncil Ashouo caticled to sprUod

nd of
- Afloru &ubcontinont
Buddhisn curlside
Indian
nüsclon to Contrtcal asia, SE Asio and
Ho sertmany Puddhist Seungheuitra to
o ont hà Son Alahenda nd douqhnte
Budlisn.
.tlnuafor
Silenua prtopor of
tor patpoalton

cocs &o 78AD at Kundaiuuna, kashmia

Convened &
- It Kanidua
nom panonired by Cortenuporay uing Vuntmo
Eudduitt monu
-The serabluy cos plucidled by
and subesield by AstDAqosh n gldot ho
-hinitial dovelopemen of tis counci) cDos Codificatio of

Hinayana
-Orthodox Soct - Llbcral Sect.nihb
- Balieved in Icol coorship
- No Jdol oorslip
-lhuy eonsiclerad Buddha asnolhey Sointed tbsee him s )
husnan bcirg
-Niwana is tdividual Nirtvona is also a grtoup
phenomenon. paanon
-hy ussd Palilanguageorhey
to slarted tstng alite
pruaching Bucelisns (ongpuag langiagt lor pruarling Bacldlitm
of people)
 Branchw of Buddlisnu
Eonliest Brarches
+Snaitiye
Soutuntriu
Shrausstavclin.
Contenuporamy Popdar Branchu of Bucddli
ONahayarna
-His the langt Slct of Buddis
Buddahod
-IIenuphosiza on the ath of
Bodlhisoh
-They also PNuphaize orn lhe Concept of
Bocllisava ovb
Capabeof achioving Nivcna.dhnn
Pos pone thoin Nisüana hiTpos
4hey coant to help all Sotincn beings ôn nplánet
Lardh in achievig Nirvana
Pesza
They aru Copabla of achieving Nàucina but taybno
hein oun Ninwana lo hetp the al Sentient
on plont oarth in achieving Nlàtvauna nd alie
manyifetines cohen hey haue helped all the
Serntient beig BadhitatvC progressas to path of
Buddhahood.Dion

(DThsayoda Sehool of Elderu)r hhe hinoo a

-II is oldost brarcheg of Buddism.
- They ere onthodox io palue coho balive
Jrdividual Salvatin Gue
Hoayonanr
-But thay diton trom tireyana
the idol o Bucha
- Hiapopular arsion of Buddatm lyanma,
Sú tanua ud Thailand.
 ajnyana
|most populc sQct en Brddisn
the Srd
nls
- gecl of Budelism:
-J!is a
tantic
-Tcoas highy populanisec duniog Pala Rulerrof
Bhon nd Bengal.
Gab veraion ol Vajmauyana botame populow i, ibel. (Gulgot Kaladhaua)
of this sect ls Quite ctosot lo Hinduism.
-TheRduals
Vognayana Buddaistfonre rnot Oidainud by hcrod tert.
also coorslp
-They
Tara Axsobhaya ete

Nu Buddhism
-Is opopular vgrsion of Buclhisn & opan.
-It is tuoCON tor
nd Spitultalism.
-A highly nphasizes on Duditotng poth Burdhio to

Ole vensiog of Buddism

-II is an iporlant Sehool of thoughB i labay an

Buddu'sn
k huast enOuned adhyniua thinun - Nagauju (?dca)
-He developedl the dloetrïng of
Suaboda (All t oid)
us
Ihey beliQyo to the dotrüng that all oat"ritiIm
 Meaphystoal Thoughts of Buddhism
() O, Univertse
-Univertse iqhalecl due to the luos of not..
() Vedas.
-They trlutad authoully of , divia Cin
(n) O5 God:
Buddba taa onostle cboul God ound he dite't
ansuDentd anyqueslion re latod to Gp
() On Rebiutth :
-Budellist believe er, Rebirth.
(0) On Sol.
-Ihey dos balieve in Concopt of oternal Soul.
Aquulion arisas that #Bey dont betieve i, laul
heo whal toues Rebith 2)
-Acconding o Buddism the Kounc Consciasneaskin
ar
Polofa" Dot
s Skandba coich touo n

b Prakba Sanudpadaginhat no 232ndqler

(vo
-heony of Cosation and Irterdependance .la phi
- Buddha hid Nlothing is coithout a Cause
-He feucth mauolained Qugnutlino ohich ts hoe t,
Oorcld becose of sonthig pna-existing itargh
(m) keantkvacla:
- saiy that enylhing is hporimangnt and tt hatan

(D Tanha - Duau end Crautng

() Parant la - Perdectin
iniirnohon

(i) Parivnayeu - Hemalus Wanderen

()Bhronana - Ihe one eoho Strciug fo (enlghtenmw
 Conviction or foith.
addha
-tolpcons the
ArhalChe foe -( Oinning nugative vicet)

utopdodieual Centuy Buddisn gtauted to dedlin

Q.Iothe
i l a t e of Bith hilei Sunvived ousBdu
out he Reason : nopin
India- found
Buddha and eaei Anad coore diessi
his
Chco 41 His ronvt
inlo Seanghg:
obout enty of Women twomey arié allobod th
tó
Buddba Conumented that"
ortor
fhtb Rangha then Buddiisi ohieh & qola to

nsistonce of Anand Buddoa lloed coomen into

But in slantad to puoue
Qhrgha ard laler s is tiotds to grand

(o Moruu banMa Coarupt d thy sloedtolive tuYOuious

t) nubnus staucted practising Sansut caich caes aalanguage

of Saphasticoled Caw and not eosily urdaratood lay
Connon public
) Uonus satc to inlertere, ln Politi cal afaira of many
ligdon tohloh patnonise hom au Such patonse to
Buddhis lortted tostop
D Thse uoere rufous tntinduism cohich lad to populanis
 Devotion) beca
a bocept of Bhauti(
than aninal Sacrttte.
of tirdaism. Iough
begining of
Rligioxu tilenatue and of tnduim.tongle
furtluen tad lo popularity
codit ain
dIn ttindu itoalue Rudha stoated to be poaiteh an
qth oiroonation of Vishnu ohch lad to diluton

(wThergcoertg many civisiny in Bucdhis andthsy

dovglopoment of many ieolism ad Sect b
tòOs Buc-hism
dluta the Oiginal
Vajrayena Euadhim stonted to practice rtuel
6

Buddlit \elemnty opfoösed Coste and Varng Syslenba

)(v)
acccat
orúticnl of discrimiFatoRypacteg but dicp'}
hoconuclate ovnthaoo af Casta Systemlg
cisplayed Cruat'nissiorjan taal,tohich
Budist
Mny people didnt bolieve in the qcat
-Dothe other hand Jainism
nislonaroy actwthy.

o2o haBoe niabbug

 Joinism
Trrathankart
dorivod fnom cOotd Tirath cohich
Tirathanar cocs
mgans CAR thal lps tn CTosing Rivere Rivest ’ Dortdly
ngagamn)
4 TerthanuarA ,LohoD0rta gpirnitual
-Jainism believes i donoio of
the
Dordonality born to help people in cheosstng
suttrig and Rolotrthoi
l of 4 Torthanuas, 2 t0cru mihological and lot.
tc0o coere historical.

fsl Adinalh RisabhdevRig Veta

Vordbaman Nhavil oportainn!
-1h (femate)]
[tuathanaon MallirelhSon of
Parwanatb (23td) ton ing of Kost AsoCSen - He
aHaied Kaivalya at Pasavanalh klsou ktoi n
Kaivalya ’ Keual Jrnan I sa ltincte ot cbcoluto
unowldge ohich elinicata he igoanee and person)
oqns onert passton and desiro)

Plate -kundognar(Vaish alt)

Nothe rushala ( StstórofLohavi Kig Chlau)
Vucna - Kahatriya
- (onodt
Clan mdnantrina pnq
toh
Kingom - Ioontru

Coughter -- Arnojya
 .Nahawin became Q Prç vnojcuu t the ag of 30.
- A the 09 of 40.he rte ached to avelag called L
eohesru on lhe bnus ch Rtlupaliua River: ndar
al tree he achievod Kaivalyc
Doctriny of Jainism :

S Vods of Jainisnu (Parchownata)

OAhinsa- Don't Conumit Violenco.

Asteya - Don't Stoal

OAporignaha -Don't acgire prtoperty morathoany
Ttequra for Sustainance.
O Brabmachaya -The los t vouo/pladge. given by Mahavin
Mabai
Obserye Con tnence.
Trt Ratra of Jainisno (kF) 3

(bngr) dtpan syn?

( Right oplnvin
(Onducr y nioviUs doiN 9pblao
Extrame Practica in Jounism
They belieue n extonme type of ron-
-Theyforbad not only uilting of violence
and uern aninat, plont, inseci!
-They baliave thai Karunic (ilodanooprha
can ony be Infueno o bid deRcls of Cite
Salleuhana (dininalocl
Santhana) by oxtrone penance se
-Dne of the axtcome
practice in
discovding the clothi Digambat Jainism s
all
 Joinaunil:
Councl o (a BC , aaliputra)
Jain
) 1st cnd prCictg dbu
by
oOvened by Bindusara
Convened
0asmonu Sthulabhaca
Jaio
-Il
courntil côcu Codiftcakion
of this
n.mciot developenent
all the tthanKars inba 14 Boos
of
fHeaclaings
PORUAS
aflertho oMuvot £
LnDcon Cs
fhe asSombly oud
-A theendlof there tocs co divtsion to Jainlirn
Bhadrabahu
Jolo monu folloog
chichis as
D'gambar.
Whide Clads
-Suyclaca
- Ordhocdox follocers.
- llborcltollooer1
Ihey clso allbo t0omen
coomen can
-They believe
they s nun tn Sargha but
atinsalvttion and
believe oomen cnt
nun in because
olloeo OMen CS
JainSangha acitic cooy ruqtuine disconding
cloths

Council S12AD, Valabhi, Gujuna!)

(0 2nd Jain
Chaluaya't of Guunaty d-
-Patronised ’
Kshemo Shramana
- Prusiaed by ’ Jain Monk Devaradhi
Council cC% Codificaton
-The moior developemet of his ohich are cs follooe :
Join erctune
(D PriakDcs Chedabeuta
O Anga

-Bhageoctsutna mnantionu 6 Mahajenapada

 Melaphysteal Thought of Jainin !
OUnivers They beleve tunlverse is (reated
he las of Naturu.
Veda -
-They nefuadthe authonty anddivtn
Origtnof Vata
b God - Thy don entiraly rehat the Orèstare al
God
Theyhold thaf f af all theirls liue ortby t
Truthankos
he nwt bo boloo
Reblnlh
Rebinth - Thy belicve in
Soul -hey believe in atypes of Sou.

Annimate Soul Jnonimate Soul

( Jva) (Afivica)
Locturt -B
Syadauacda
- Allthe Judgments auL not tat tuuth but die
feront Context
Anauartvada
-It noth cïy of cxplaining Contextual tuth
-Rsauys
-Tt Saug tuth hos many facate.
-No Srgta dudgenien Es soficiet or tucth

(4) Digamban tlp yoiomi)

(D Btspantha - hay eoorslip tdds of Trathanuo
(>Terapartha +hey also worship idole of irthcuntan:
But thay against tha Bhatrauas (Head of Jain Sangta)
(o>Tatanapantha -’ hey ont coorship idola but they
Oorlip Crud Jain booug.
() Cumaapantha
()Tolepavtha.
 () Shuoeanbar
oorauip idda of Trthone. Nie Crant,A’ Veda
.Nurttpuau -’ hy ohide colDusLmuon thee Mouth.
coean tOthout t unos
heyclys coontcõorahip elole
S/banauvast ’ Thy
()
) Toapanli
Ntrvouna Kaivalya Moulya
Path ortonuplation&
AediBafive process Neditatiue piocess Madilati ve prcor Cs
Rebicdh Toend Rebudh To end Rebirlh
|To
Objchve end
Assimilation of
Fxtiquisnurt of| Absolute Alman (Soul) oith
uns
b Mame of Desiro iig2luoPatcmatman
noodg COniversl Bou)
 Zonoastruanism
coord.
-H s one of the obest ruligoo o the
-T com tondad by Tun thsha ort ocoaten, t
tOCa the messangor
Aveso
Ioly Booua-’ end
-Accortcirng lo Cortoostruanism, to bypeof Npidtce
ln univetse

Spirul of Evl’ Angrun Uainyu

-orcstrciana balieve lo the Concept of Duclism coltch
thyclasskf tno
O Cosnic Dualis
actittia of too spirdte Congtractive or4
-Dus to the
destructiie thing happen is Unierse.
fx hection of New River, Neo
forest, Bidb Cnbe
attrübuted to Spenta Waìngu
-On the otluert hond destrcuctive inga lilue CoUID-9,
fardhauou,Flood, Deaih cue to ngrya laingu
0 Monal Dualigm
-Du to th operation of too spinits- many Contructie
ond datuckive , negotive &posltive vices One
qraratsd cwthin tumag mind.
-hef!,Assaunaton, Argan ’ Angnya Uanyu
Lou, Conupasion, Htbrusty, pani Mainyu
-As pert onDostr believe Anonanaingu tria to cloninalk.
to thls suailon Zonoutre God AHORA WAZDA
ru- establishes the equlibuum.
- He s reprasented twough fiu and the coonslip plact
of Zoroastiar is callud Figa Tenuou CAtash Bebram)
Last RidePhactices
Theybetieve that deccd bodia ghould be ef! altoo o open Spa8
Aori scawngor and deonupesens But lator due tothe
prograsive Tutorn in Porsi Riligion Majoruty of peope
buruy thei bedy -at praert:
 PHILOSOPY .
Purusorthainttinduisn
4 gaalt precIibed
ODharoma Doctins
pen Religioa
Inmcling lo as 0cquine plapenity fori
- proprtey (7%
AArhaRiy t to . Bslainance)
:i
() Kama
Righd to physlcal PleSunes
ultimate qpal in tHneuisn eohich meane
ttbration.
lhodox PhlosopyHetanpdox Puilosopy.

LAias &n AeihordtytnRyedled -the authorik of

TheVedas The Weccu
SAMKHYA Belicvein

-NVAYA
Covcvaua
-Vaiseshikha
tAjivika
-imansa
4Vedanta

SAMKHYA ipion!
- Foudort- Kapil lun? sioinpuinetl)
- Jdal of alt Philosoplies
Duclism, coich Means

Ihetaton of Purugha ard Praiutt Bhof

- Runusha and
 -Theg boday Can be bmouen by ataining
REAL KADWLE DGE
-There aue 3 Pranonas (Eviclance) of REAL
-heso Pramncu KNOWLEOGE
Aralyauaha +(Aucepton)
Anumana (Interonce)
Shabda -’ Shuuti Veca

VOGA
- It tsa ugma of Samlhya cohich mean thein
plhilosopBa au closor to ch olker
-Tlpusushoá and picusuti Concept thay ua Snài,
- Founder of VOCA PaBanjali
Accondirg to Yoqa thebondage coould be brouery
thaough medilaftue &pituai prtocess ohich is ao klo:
Astanga Voa

(o) Niycum -Do olarh

(M) Asana-Phsical Postues
(») Phoraypun Prutling Erercien
(v) Prakyrhcua Reutainh
(v) Dhauana - Selachingacoject
(vn)
(w) aonthe obijech
Somoclui Deep Maction
-hdup mditation after the activatioy of Muladbog
Chaura
- Aflor the uhdha Chcurta
Kundalini Jcgoraua happens and ßn the Aoal
bodydy becanmey uva ent
ort Synonyny o univere cohoh ocd to tbertaton of
 DNVAYA:
Aludopada Gpulam.
Sounder-
aschol oftonte cnd?! suys thal tunooldg
-Nyayas
be riacl but aso nuda to bo loatcol
mtnot
baued n ttoasOy cohlch leac to Vald nooldqe
and
reconmend 4 Dnamana of Unaaladq
-They
Aratycuaha
Anumcuna
Omuinitit.
I)oamana - Analogy, Comipenision,Cress
+Upamana
Shabda
Hhoets a Smouethereis firu
-Obere
(v) VAISESHIKHA

-Aukya Kanad. tMi

-Fourden
Nyaye.
-T! s also aschodl oF Lootc ond yugma of
thebogènning of School of Phystes in Tndio.
-Hs
tuiverup
MThey necognize orlcnic choncter of
-It maintanthat QVeruting s made up of atorn.
tho Smaltort; trdividual , indestructible part of
mAtom &
-Thae otos On inactive in thomuchca beut they Cne puf inlo
motion cue to Gods Wttl
ohottiwh
aHonie racoonisotion cf tuivgra oteoi to Salvation.
-1hse

) MIMANSA (Pustva Wimansa)

-Nimanua. Refectio Kt
- Pureva Nimansa Eorier of Veda
- Foundos Tonini
vedicrual
h ighly enphauizu on the perornane of
0F KasoncCand to atltoin Solvation
It aßoQrphasta on he Role of pruat ot Brohnin ,
a madiator in the patomonco of Riual
 (v)VEDANTA (UHrn Minano)
fod of Vecic tat Refectonpn
Discusien Veda.
- imansa, nd Veclnt ro Vugma.
0

Badncyan coCu the inital pergon QAS0Citect h

philosopy but ladar mny strcna Rmged cotin
Vodauta
(a) Advaitavadai
Arapuncud hy-Shanuanachauya
- He hel thaf heru ts ony one Realiky se Bratnic
propcscticnnl1
-He gauethefamos prUpoaition
AHAM BRAMHA8HMI
i self cend one coll

Accorcling fo hig coorld s tullof ilusion tohich to

boccuso of 1gnotande:pnvs in
-He eniparo to emkate upoonthé path of Kroludge
(Gyon Narg) to elintnate ionorance und achioe
Salictton?A nd eenlir viton
(5) Vtshistad vaitvada i
Fourded by’ Runanujachonya
-He believzd &h the special althibula of Gpd
- He mointained rucoonizotion of ihose special atubute
teacds to salvction and t happens by enbauing o)
4he path oft Devoticn (Brauti Llen)
 {6Aai) Fallaay- a
Ihuory
of thatmainlained furtlun -My
Salvation
hangeit an' one happen eotll
happennig happond
is , bal
hau t-lÜhaleuer
and
called
au Philospy is -Thn
ofNägetvada
Datiny) (Thony Foudin
hamsisu lauhaliputa
4oaaila
KriBva Rhinam
||PibetGhitam Jvd Vout
Ti1vetSueham
(anvaua ESsence
of
means only
lnooladg of
Ankakiham "
Hranana kim
tlePucoptiony Puamanam God, of
Thiory
o -Thy
Saluation. and Rebirth rajectod.
otiqio
cf divin Duthorhy
cnd Chiong populm very
Cntist Veda,
Called ao-JHs
Pailotpy lhemace
Louayal
because Canvaua foundes-
Plosepy Hetenodox
Locteura-1y Claical Dance

-Eenlics! Troaties on Dance, Drama, Nao ?

BhataBmuni's Natysasta
- As part the sory toNayantra Lorcl
Bhaimwni to Cruaf Sth Veda Veda Knoon as
-As pen Ahe eutrunctions of Lotd Briaho
Natyaveda
toou follcaing elements fion Valoa.
Palhya (cötrda) -- RigVeda
Bhoxcu,
Abhinoya (Exprasio)-Najunvedo.
Geet (Nuaic) - Samaveda.
Rosa (Emoton) Athovavec
-As por Bhoncimuni thee cue aspachs and 3elamy
of Dance.

a Aspects of Dance .
O TANDAVA I4is the mcseulline aspecis of Cance.
Charctorisacd by Agssion, Fost Rlovenunt Stungth &

-he toramost cxonple of Tandavg ls lond livat ancda.

-T! hos too partod pt
a) Bhaistay Tandava T oos ralated to cstruction

b) Aranda Tandawa ’ Reconstruuc tion of Univöae.

- Secorcd uythological Exnple ?s
Tanda on loncd Kristoa's
the hecd of Kalia
-In Jainism is montioned hatiNogo.
at he bitth of Trdra did ladaa
Ainah Risabheleu
 ASHYA
femlne cspocl of theDance
Qoft and Boaulfl
by
( )aharcterisedby

and qace
movement,Expres iorn
Ahe tme of hee nuioge to
Parwati's Dance afte
Goddes
loreShive
0.
dfDonto
Elomert
3
NATYA- Ts a crtamatic
olemert of the Dance.
Alovenenl
NRLTTA Pute Donce
(m)NRITYA - Danee + upresstor.
Nandiachoo o n.his
his boou Aayaaugan olaborcated
of emction 3:e. Rasa io he danes, oich one
flloeos
(Love)
Vit (Coumage)
Hosya Humoun) Raud na CAnger)
Adbhut ( Amazemon) Shan! Peace)
Bibatsa( Disqust)
01j,

-ns the oldest classical forem ofance in Idic.

-I douves its narme frtom Bhanat Nuni und

Roga
Tola Rhythm
Dance
Develai Syptem of TIN,
-Bhanat Nelyam emange fuomclornaied tote lenuples here
tohurby yourg glab cÔerte the God of Tenple
ay toere Synbolitally maruled to
Supposad to portforum insde the Tenpla for
Ond hayeoeu
 io l930%.
-But !ad to caclnu of BhanaBnahyan.

Bharat Nrigam
-AHen Treuperdence kuxmint Devi thundala ao
fucognisaton Jn Bhaat Natyam 1oug Vor perdorn
fiatus of BharatNaani
coniderad as motuer of many closstcalfarorua.
mns
Naham
) Steps to Bharat
of God
Jetisoaom, ’ Pra Dante nlovemont
Shabdom Stortt of Abhincya
Varuam ’ furtuen claborcation of Alohirau 2
Padam - Mastery to Abhiraya
Jauali ’ Shonl perfouoNe on loue Lynica
Thillaro: fxubeant and Joyou mouemen
Synbolzing touporry galvation
) Bhantatrabam offen ruforud as Fua dance as the
movenert of dance rusomiole the danciDg lame
(U) Katau tlusba Hasta s the mOtt inup mudna n
Bharcdraftyn ,whera by frat thu rgan o
joind togcthut to Symbolia Universal Sond Onm
(D txohwupa lashyemts a Solo pentfoririance in Bhanaahan
cohera b sngle cdancor tau of many roes on
()Durirgtho brcmanceaperson Rocidos Lantto bn
t
Stoqe non Natuvanan:
Used duning ihepetos
M0 Cornatc dossical usic ts sed
 Prgporentsin Bharat Naham:
kuwnini'Devi Aruundale.
amous

Sanasoat
Bala

Krishnamuthy
Yanuni
ueunalinSorabhai
Sonabhcu'
Malliua

kOCHIPUDI;

-kuchipuciehengcdfuom Ardha
hb
i lage ol Kuchalopunom .
CKiwzlvapu)
ofmale dancor fnon tlás vilagg steuttod to perfuon
trom
her.
Modu Religiccs
Ruwseve
(aneto non u
male
ate Ngo-Vaismoute movement io Andra the Ruana
gBertod to practice on thernes cf Bhaguat
L m to bo Knocon as
Bhagunthalus heir dno
the pataoinoge
kial onchanting nc cugant that i! ecieue
Galkonda
ARuder rion Vijayanogat and
-In the modorn tie Kuchipucli coas tavivec oy
Pottri Dovt nd inBala Sevascoat :

fiatus of Kuchipui
Slane in
n te vcru sl Sep he danco entera b lhe
ohich she teveala har chorciert toth Smallpiece of
portornance unDor a Dou"
( Sringan Rea pla4s Veruå tupontent role en Kuchipudi
pArdormanice
y Mny of he popular tens of Kudhipudl are bsed on
: Branaualpam
Nany atimu dusing patounance dancex also tua up
the Rola of Singora
ly Kuchipuci Os a mal proserwe but not it &
Priochiead by both mala nd femae.
 () Populat Solo Potorunances in Kucipada :
" Uandu Shabdam - Doncere tells the
toryof aroq.
Tarangm prfrunare doancer MDPS
onthe odga of a bucsr pate, thile balancina hortoo
oalo piBehert on had d lit dgu in hand cu
perfamance
. Tala chitraNaiam In this perdorrmance dor
cpats a cblowctul inage ort Rangoli on stage.
A) Covyalio kuste tsis used duning the perforangy
perdotronee.
fanous Doncers
Venupott China &ahyam.
Vonuini Krichnaruuntty
Satyanauacs' Shauna
Radha and Raia Redy

-ItdarivCs ls name from nkrit coord Katha aich

maans story or Rali uans Dance Duana
- Jnitally # uou the part f aditionol thsutes of
Kostola tEo Raenatam, Krishnattcn,
ChakiarkOot hu ete. Koethiyattam,
l
-loBor
became dence pertoccnce,
-I üs potronised by
foudal loKcu of. RulerLof Thavncore and.
-In moconn times Kathauoli coo
VN Monon undes tha ovived by Malyoli paer
patnönage of Mukund kaja:
fealunu
ofKathauali
olhaugl Ihe gtercnal fight blo Good
dapichthe and Fvil.
Ballet of the tost.
s
aded
Kofhaualisnoted foreode tuage of Eye and tybroo
faclal exprasten.
of utmos! nporlance Ond tho
pOVenen,
Tactalmauaup fe
colour du daict Aerert type of charclei:
itlerant
Vihe, Divina et)
Sataotu Chane len CNobalihy
luxum)
Royali& Reyshik ( Kedrert)
n)Rd Temashik (fvil , Wic
Blacu
porforenange Sopang Music of Kuala is used.
the
the musioal instruunents
Cuo Chenda ,Naddala,
incohich
Cingala,
Dancerg
fomos
Gugu Kunchu Kuup
Aiodui Amma
Rda Gangully
Lecture-1S
+ Dance)
3i
MOHINIATTAM
origis orn nythologica| Saeta lorthay
-his dance foo traces tt
ofSoa)
Storg o Samucagathan lChinning
fory of Mohii to
Palari.
lord Vichu disqçised inthe
-Uhere oo coth Asusiat
Baue back Angut
the Rulera ot
-Ihecanafaum oas patronised by
Inovancose Nlalayalipoct
-In the odarun times coag revivecofbyMukund Raja.
Cder the Drtronase
VN Monon
 +eaturus of Mohiniattam?
classical forun cDhich is stl0 emalo
() The steps of lhe cancere rtesembla
Poddy filds and pal tres
pruserop.
() The bule step o Nohinitom, is, KDooN ay
(T) The' Costumo of loliniatm is kasavu
off coho cotourr coth Golden Brocade on
AtauavoKul
- Ancher veruy tuporctant pact of,ostume
loordeng.
he Hairlockyrr t tiy } Jagnu Gpiia
(D Canvate muale ts usecl cuuing the perforrnanee
farous Danceru
olopat
Jayapraha Uenon.
Bajcyant lala
HemaMaline'

ODISSI :
-Itdervs ds ame trom Oasa Nutye mentiongd tn
Bhanaimuni's Nayashastro
- IIH 0os ao
also one of the oldeat classtoal cance forum of

-Thedance torun coes ptrionised by Jais King khanvelk

- Mabarís c0era the tnitial' sOpOsitory ol this dane
forn ( Professioral tenple. clancen) i w
- But it bicame defunct
Later Natalo Odissi egOod cohich ecs fhe Coent

- lo the Noclerin timo ong moito version of Ocise

omngod i:e Golipua
-Ddisst oot global rocoanicotion due to otont ot
Charls faori and Indran Rehman
 dist!
ouforned by young boys ne
purtorrnance coich bvhuep
onerbate typeo
Laaptng and Froggthg
Junplng,
drossed Ciue fer and ey pentotn
Ciue Cemau
Hhene ofLord Mishou

body.
angshapecoth her
mgat

toith angaa Chavanam cohich ls :

a strts Scakhit busige
wcatin) ot God to

botuuy1oinsi)
Pallavi

Odisst is uncon aa MoKtl, orc

Ö Te
helot SBep tn
Mautsta,tohich involua oxeiberanl and
Gchand
Gband Manuste, &aluation.
moyement Symbolising tengoay
pyou
hdbranga &s Hhemest inpoant Musa in odissi
(6)
slich bN, dafeton of body al hacu placea se
Odiss.
Necx,Tors0 nd Knee A is tmin posBue of

dancen trua to oruat shapa of squase, cplih hen egs.

D Hodutani Mste ts esod dutig the pertformancei
GiHla Goind of dauneav and Biclitra famayan of
Bixuanaih khunta is populan theme Orlissi

Gutu kala Charan Mohapatra

Sovona Noroyan
Muyrka Bsravie CAngentina)
Shonon Loon (USA)
 MANIPURI

As par the rnylholglial Story once upon ationo..

locd Shiva and Goddeas Pastwati decended to Hills of
anipur and perforumed oith tocal Gandharvoa
(uuician+ Dancerr)
-I| mard the boginning of Rosleloanipui Dace
-loler Thne of Lard Krithna Sontirana
bacame very popular s Manipni "
vion ohin tt
The dance forcm coas qoing ito obli
inbodcecl
stovived by Robindraath 1agore Oho
in the Btscoabharat Oniveraih of Shanti Niveto
faatunes of Nantpuri
fons
MManiprçs the futon of too folk
Lai Haindba fatival Dance & Thangta Nartia) Dase
(D Regicoval Auate of Mantpur is uacd clunang
perttorunance
b
ixe
Pria, Pang, Cpbols( hianjina) nd Waria (Rylkese Capj)
(u) lany a time dancens also taua up tha tole of Sm
Sirgen.
) Nagabandha i tha most inuportant iudan Mlanipan,
Ohtru by cancot triea to Creat shapo of &'Soth
Curves of her body.
( In the Custom of fornale doncors they Keep a veikon
heix faco öattisd of töhidh 'Mukhabhinaya is
absent in Manipiuri..(Faeial Expresion)
fornou Prapanenls
Guu Bipin Singha
Bimbauoatt Devi
Jhaveri Bisler t Nayana
Suverna
Ranjana
Darhanca:
 oarTARNA: (Assam)

ls nam from coord "Satan hich meany.

hshnuite Aonastruy Combined

amouaBhaukSaint of As sarn ShanKancey
-he folkforuns iue Devctashi, Vyah Goa ojah palli
Shanuacev Cumbined Hhe aboug foludance
tioto he RiBuela of Sateur.
donco form
ohuuonoard

SeatusofSttatiya
of Shanoco
Known u orgeets
maa dovotee ançers aro Rnon a Bhokots.
poThe tor Castune.
Assam ts ued
n SIk of creakinn tho usit.
dum Bhol fost CTeating
mhuy use local
modu COorld there ae too branches of
m Inthe
Satcniyci
Kharmanaa
Goyan Bhayanart teioi n ,

Lecture-22

KATHAK 33. X
huon the athauar tradttion 1e
-Kathou emeged
Sroytalling
- Dhertloy he oitist porcfounes on ttindu lythotogical
eplsoeles liue unayan, Mahabharat and urana.
acevctional Aupa of pendeanee and.
"pla dance but durino Muglhal period t4 transtrnud
 tealurw of Kathau i
Ouring he thugtal Poiod ,
()Rmbeded
iueste Coatung
Vaigu cohich an be soen th the qotoa
intoKathau
ond vosos steps.
loatume is knoun a8 gnauho
(m Gerenallyis heCotton Shacol and Dhoti
male t
-for femaledancort it ts Ancuuali Buit.
- DhRle penfoumonce dancers junp in ait and to.
atenn, ohlch tead to croatton of booultL
wide PouaHtes eohich provide turtht elgance locao,t
(m) As Conpausd to olher Closlcaldanco forus .
is no bent postion in Kathak .
he dancorc aloouys
cancer a cu maintains
s2w tull feat h eoth .
2 Conbact
tet
danco florL
-Theyabo thunp on floo to Cieat rythnéc Sotsg.
Rouyg.

) The darcor also coRar Ankle bells and cohtla thuspÝy

laso (oocs to ruythmàe 8Ound.
(5) The clement of Roctal o Kathak includa Todo. Euuda
anona, Gal bhav Jugal bandi , Rranalaye, ctoi
Phcba
-Jugal bandt ’ nis a conpelative porformanxe bataea
Tabla usician and Dancer, in eohich bolh try to
Dulclash 200h shor o

(D Kothau is the only closstral cana Syeiem cohere

Gharona Sysem exists.
-TH is based on Guru-&hisya Pastampera, coheraY
ne portltcuar capect of the donce & ts highy enphat itad
-lhe pronminent Ghananas of Kalhoy one
a ucxnoD Gharona ’It rooched tls
tollopng
pecuu wndort
Nausab Wcitd Al Shah of
- lH LuCKNOW
ephcsius on %prtsstoo rnd aiace
 Sohey Lda
DviuLE SAoa
Uaharaj. Byju
ropunnts Camous
Many
ting a
dancers
do
aso.Qudiences otihiteract
-Ftally
itrocucecd. arte Ghazal Dhrupad
perio taler but ,Use oas Ahlattani
porfotmancer.
ilenphaiteohsl
gyomnety and coorUA Floor
by
Prcaacd Jaaui initiatecl coCs Renuphaiu
on Bapur
Speed andFncy Fluuncy Rnyghm,
cnd Bhánujt nitiated
by
 Classical
ww
Muic

Bhanalmuni'; Natyoahastna ts the ooliel tret

-
music.
chnce,cama anc
rwferarxo to Nusic tn Rig Vecla
-Thero aste
-Thene ugod to be c spoctal Pruat ebho tso dtoo
Ahe hymn of kigvoca and re cocs knoun aa anl
eohich re song
-All the hymns of Rigvecla Corstihile
Qomn Music (It ts corsiderudaa Ved of
Baman
Nada = Sound and Om
IË mentions
the Sound
S0und and mother of all
ohe lalon orf of SCumveda ts KOODn ON
part
Dhich cs Considarud aa the Kulaboon of Musio.
(Melsdin)
Tmontions about l6000 Rogas and kaginis
- 13th Centuuy musicia Saragdee coItoBe Sang eeta
Rotoakara is cohich he has mentioned moro than
abo Rogas
Muste:
Basic Conuporentof Thdion

oft triaquorcy
-I tsa Note, tone, ptch or
-In Thdian Music heNe uet pua Serena a Ireion muic
. on the basis of coalad Heplatonic
-Tt abo mertionad ca
&a- Sadja
Re- Risabha
Ga - Gandhana

Pa - Pancham
Dho - Dhavaita
Ni - Nghada
 Shrtt:
hat human COnpercieVQ
Ps he Seablat Sourd
Shgooyayate its Shrut (one ohich can bo head)
Thesu ane 92 Shrutis in
Irdian Muaic.

Ranjyati tt Ragam (The one cohich plucsa toa)

-IEs the basis of rmalbdy: Oruatun ofa
SooMas, fo
- I!is cormbiratton of ditloton
Raga fhne must be Sdistinet nole.
The S distinct, Note ’Sachawa Odowo
6 distnt Note betaa Sodhava
Idistinet Note ’ Snpoorna.
u) Tala (Rhythm)
-ns the bosis of Rhyhm d
-Its the crtangemend of Boats th acyelical
- Thebastc ruyhoo ycle is Indian usic avu a tolloos :

Chatusorg
Khonda -S )
)
Misa -6
)
Sankirelana-7

Gences of Indlan Clausieal usi c lectuu-23

Ihttially thru coos i ditferertiatio, byo iodustani

and Cascnatto Mustc
he diteruni ction SButed to
happen
ftms parcicularls Delli Satarate raoclcsing Uaclieval
the
In this
citHerurtiation
Amir Khurtu
herecaos gruat contribihion d
 tig time the Singe rs of North ard .
- From tolloo time. ROLOY) nd
hdia gtartod to
of Ragas
the toloutrg 6pineipk Ragc
Initially

Raga Bhainaw(Dauon) Ae Devotun,

Rlegha (Dauo)
Rouny ol
Summer.
Dacpak
Conpossien
Shrue (Euening) Ainter Love GlatreK.
Hin(Morning
dola (Spruog)
Malkanus Nintor BrcVerton
(idnsgh)

Dtforent Cnpositons of Hindustani !

ODhrtupad
-J1ls the oldu! of Indian Classical Muatc ,wlich enanaed
frcom Brey avue ond alyo becume popular in Aondh ren
-I eos mainly a tenipl mstc ard devetional in Natun
-Cunataly
Bnaibhasta
ha lyics of Dhrupod 2s ardten

- Dhrupad isa Sarios nd ober conuposition olich

dunand cHosts frtom lungg and'vocal Coc
Paxhaoi and Tanpesto
 musie
shateoith un Aap folloood by Jod and
fred onposition cohich ono.

ghyai
Andana

Abhog- nahm
Tomeut of Geoalon populaisecl Dhrutd.
binAionsingh Dhrupod
Aulban eru cOOmANy graaf
Baiju Piota, Brs
Baba GpatDra
br Exavuplu
andasen
Of
Tanneneots Ramianu Parnday , Enprused
uiginalNane tlla ofof igon
Hhe tile
Akbar ga him the
Alstor"
trainadby his"GuuaSeoani Heutdast
Tonsanocs
Ghanana
in the Hirndustani Nuse.)
-( onaSgtem nany exist
-THurot Ghosanas emrged on the basis of Change tj dut.
bqnonest nd optituda of the Muste.
famous Chanancu of Dhrupad
Qhanaona (UP) LNamed Altler Dag ot buotkers
()Dagat
Qundicha Bohes
(Bibou)
) Betiah [Biheun)
 OKhayal ohch mea
coord
- Khayal is a persian
inagiration to Anir Khusrao.
an be attubuBed
- Tis Origtn conpositioncoohich tanga from
-IH is a ghont is mo
thore ts morO fruedorm
to Dupad there
- As conupaud
enpositodonthethoug!he
Tnaf
But the irgent aso resened
one
Khayal Conpositioyþarforance happens tn taostoe
Khayal
in Tonpo) 4
fost
fst Bada
CholaKhayal (Song

fecatne of
-Ona of the Special
Tamou Gharcnas of khayal
COkaitana

+Pandi BhimsenJhesi
(u) Gualiort (v)Bhindbazan.
(m) Patala
() Agrahg
) Jaiput
Qemiclaigal.
Hinclustn

( Thumrç!
-Thumni emgrtquc cuning lhe eclieval time and eoi
d
Pasgenh
popularised by Brauti Soinls of Noth India
BequmAkhn - Ihumru isSei TUDmantie cnd gQrvi· dovotional h Natu
linijaDevi hero ne ahpes of hmrd tahich eoera popular
a) Purbi buwi ( Stos Vesion)
b Puya Ihumrui (ost Verdion)
Populas Ghoncusot
08e lhe popular
Thunri.
O Tanana
cam highy
LIt atsoemaNged from the North Tndia ndPerùcl.
Nughal
peçulor mong Arustrcototic oloss of
TaNaNo but
Therte ae Very ess maaningtul toDOrcly in
Craated ony toxt entorcBaiment
bÕs Qreoaled

Courts.
-I emnocd frtom the No pout of the
-I1emenged
- Iscoos highly popular omona the Camed Ruder of NO.
among nolad
-1hey usei local phrtaser for the Binging. Ond ts
fore qticu teuuy of phaeue1
Ranjab slonted
-Tappa muse loecone foul cohen the Singon of
Bo practce it.

The Origh of Qacocoali Canbe atriouted lo Anir Khurau

-
- He stevted to Conuposo small Couplede is dhe prictseof
the Allah,the prtopluat Nohanmed ; Hhe Sefe Saint
- Is dootiönat tn Nattuaa and gpecificly porforundat
Suft Cangaha curing the festival of Ura

-It ts another product of Poraian Infuance -

-Cansnalty t! Bs a Romantic pocry ,but many a time tln
is an underin dovotioraf elerient also.det
Neny often'his pocrujts about Pvgs
Pain tn love
Uinzo Ghalkb
Min Taui Nic fameus ahozal Conuposser
Baha du hah alan
Lacturo- 19
can be
-Songita Sora o Vicyananya Corsiclercd
the mldteof Fho Venkalarmauhr, corole
Prauoshiuo cohich becasme
Chatuxdandi
Cocootte galem
badrock o
&onsuwit i cohich
This boou coOs coiten ts
elabonotod Melauorta &yton
in Caunatic.
mPurondbar das is Conaicered 8 Prlamaha of
costhc ion,
Couratic Masie (Father hquu).
turher elabean.,
-h 0he ehe CosnacSytey cDeu Naayan Bh
and brought to ainstraam oy Vishnu
most iporBant patt
pastt of Corunatiç Maic o
orOn)ha
The

-Sone ploccg ohera Musie is ieNphositec Is knbogan

Krulanai.
CvO Cs tollous
-h stag% of Singig in Cauatic
Trae töny.
Ragom ’ I! is on inprpvisad Alapana to
cohee
Pallaut ’ I is the most:np pot of Singing
Conpcsiton melody sis Said tohe ala
Ahough the Congcstion
Trinit
Male

Thyangcya
Muthuseui DiksitKo
Joale
MSSubbulakshn
lokPattamal
Vasanth Kumarul

ohiz13) 9nuponDibo!
 LANGUAgE & UTERATURE

Sorckot
-Bmabm! is consiclored as the oldest
wth KhoLOshti
of rmo
-Buaboi is Consicderec os lhe mollen Tndias
lnguage
Koshuri- Shada &oup!
Tanil Datelotly
Marathi- Mod
Puniabi - Curuuch!
Kannada -Kadamba
- Grantha lianiprwalam
Malyalam
-Maioity of he Todian languager- e consideryd
io he toordd.
DnL of the most adun cod tanquagas
Mejority of the Indlian langucge tolbo Abugida Sp
of cord tirg
-Ihdian larquaget aue consicdered osas the mosl aduanced
languaga i the wortld bocouse tha Systen of coniti
COrtrUspond, to tha systern of pronoutiation.
-Irdian langtage flbco Abuqida Sgtenm of Caraiking,
Oherby cONAONants aae aldays coriten in Hulls per.
ho honemics
Sendt
-Bud Vbads ove
ae alioays toitter cs
uten Dacrte. exCopt
when a ood is going to start from Voel !is asutkni
Fanily of languagas in Iredia :
(Htndi, Sonsnl, Quijeati ,
lanali, Bangal, Puigbt) O Hoduslanm youp of longuagp. Phonenmie
(ualyalon, Telgu, Tanil ek) ¬ Dravidian Gnoup o laraun Bound
(Naga, Manguan, Arunadol (D Sro- Tibetlan Ctoup of larguonos
Bto, Soihali, Khosi, kasdu (
Rk )
Astråc longnges (Tribal)
Lsemature -

Sansit iBoratue Rg Veda hiun Vada,

largunge cohich transends the Soma Vea
risa truuly tansboundoy
boundoy of Raglory cund Ralgion Buddhis
foud in ttnduism,
he Sours wite tracition Can be
ninish arnd Toroostianism.
Indian language.
Sansunit Bs considod s molhen of ny
tonatue n be diyidd oto Vecic and Clasiral.
Suil
Vadte tilorotuu
+Veday Brchmano
Ixlendad 4oxlof Meda - -Ancnyaua
LUpanishada
Pusonas

Rig Veda
- In the beginning * Hotra Export of
Shutt tuaelition. (Oral adition) RigVada
toon trarsfotd rom
The Syalom of Knocoladge tocs One
qenatioo to anothan in Ortal t o n . n
cldest oftha Wedas: ond the eouliast -
Coluction of l028 hymns'21h n
-It qua bsutfl doseruption of' Natune and topograply of
Indian Sabcooti Not
-n also qe deai about Socio-Politcal -Econonical Condit
of Ancient India.
-IH is aso he books ot rayers Ond Mantra tor the
dauoperunk, of higny cultuad Socichy on the toais of Vaues
val
dawopm,ce, Rucsoning ete
Rid vecla tss been ivided tnto l0chaplens cnd chapBers
a-"andalaGchra
Mandala Nuben ato? isere Conipotecl ceung toy Yecic Cyha Vaua Nandala.
Pauod and Rost in laio Verie Poriod "toth’ Parushasuta
(dos oreibes 4 Vona)
Lecture-20
Naiuvada -Tis considorcod a3 Vada of actfice and
Krishna Shusla Yaina pordoronance o
-Aprovidct qudinn to he
Vocic retatg.! ofVaociouA
Adhun
Export prict o! Vayunvcda tocs noLD9 as
Samaudai
- lstho Vacda of Muslo.
- Allhose hymns of Kueda cohich core Sung , Congbith.
lamaveda
ga, gen
-TH contcung ncast aooul l6000 Kogg,
V
-The lolor port of SoOuada s lwo0) as Gandharus
Maic:
ohich ts Rude boou of Nusie on GramU o
-Udgalo Pricat cics Considarad s Erpord of &amzih
Ddgalar
Atbanvaveda:
Arthanvaveda's Ctiqin Cantracod to too Rishis de
-
of al he Valas.

Brcahmhaed.
-Manw a tins t is clso rcfored ay
-IA Dovides Curu ot 4 diseoses in
-His aso aboox of Spella and Chasmg
-A oso talts cboud tfrononay, Astrology Molhamattes,
Y
Neurology Nemerology, Metallusqy, Botanical Jtruckun
of Nation.
Exterdad text of Weda."
) The Bramban
boous of Vada md they futhea xpbi
The Oldes! ond lange -Ais axplanetoruy
Brahmanas Rilual of Veeic period and tru to gxDOUnd the tdat th
ShaBapatha Veda.
Rig Vech’ Altareya and Kauahtx/Sonhyan
hjur Yeth Sralap1lha& Taitariya
Sama Voda aridvisha, hod Vinsh, Chhandogy
Alharua Vecda ’
) Aranyakau
Aranya Forust cesimigete tothe Vanopnahe
Aranycua ts
-The kroccade of
stageof lfe.
mysy ol Veda, Spelland ChouUMNA.
Th deals coth
Vedante)
tu) Upanishada : |Olher am - . 108 Upnishadas.
Upa ’ Neuby OldatUpnishadas
Nishada to it down. leoun io
to sit doon
doon nsoby Guu to
nuby Vrihadartanyauo
nt stt
-Upanishada.meork
Guru-Sishya Paranpona
Mda.
Upanishada dands eoth the PhilosCpy of &death, lole
- on toptcsufe 'ile
T fhcutda dis cussion Soul , Origi, of the UniveRcse ete.
bsypnd claath, Rebieth,
r

18 Pusaanas
PURANA: Old.rin
ongLws the " Oldat MaBsya Fuaan
Ihe Oneohioh
nd Consougate Rituals ard
Perans try to expound 5: Bhagauaa, Vicho
Tdsas of Raligtonthtough mythologicat end lsgondry \Nayu, Bnaham nda
Stories

kr 12l
- Ithad tollootng Themi20 irne1
()AROA - Driqin of the Uhiverse
(mPRATISARCA- Destraction of he Univerisp.
) MANVANTARA Soruy of st -Hunan being (Nonu mce)
( VAMSANDCHARITA - Dynastic Historuj of Anciert Trdio.
(u) YAMSA Genentogien of Gods and Rislig
 Classtea! anuit lileratue

)MnlohKollo - Shdua

) Mudanakshasa 2
Vishaxkaduta
Devtchandvaguplovm )
t) Kaldas
Abh)yan ShaKutalam
VtKao-Uveshi Retu SambanG

Meghtoccu
RaghuvamsCum
() Hanskacharita ) Banatralla

(v)Buddhacharcita00gsn
(BooxoAruedo) 2001:
(vo Chauou Samhio-Cho
(v) Bhumua Sushita-Sushruto Book of Suge
-T nortions opthamic, plestit Sungary and Rhingpkaly
-It also mertorg Suga nstrunent
-4,

odhyayt Panini
AslMahabhosyc-aBeyaliit s ps-aATn
’
(R isar Conamentny on Astadhayi)
’ Amankosh- Amansinha Bonsuit Lexicogegroplyy
(x) Soientit Boou
Hrynlohatiya ynycbhata (Astnonony)
Buana Soulta &ideharkiua ’ Brabmagupta
Rosa RaireuaMa Nagantuna (Metaluray )
 Buddhist leratu 3
NonCanonical ilerau
Caronical Lilexalue
-Can b tn Pat and Sansund

BucdilConnonTheyIocude coido
ExpouncsCriginal ilecate.

Stapitua Oiginal -enchingy Mahavobe -’ Holy buddhit

OfBudlha: lelof hsMOwadaBuddit
Prtof
Jetauauatha-
Sukapilaua.
MonuuT Dipauamsg Stilanca
-Vinayaptoua ’Ruls tor Chronich of Budellism
- Abhidhanma ptlaua
Pali
Philosopical intrepratation Holtexf of
- Lalitvistota -
Df Buddha's Boclig Nahayan Budelin.
(haptaua) Sansnit

-Thntgatha hey ane uniqu

of
ps about oonon experience
Renunciation. It toca orilté)
oonNun and altrçbuled to
by tha

Jain LeBeratue
Quailable to omit largunge
Jain lileratene is one of the vey
Tndia.
Raling histony of fateny
-Aal notin Mahaiahopodat
nigue
hitory:
lothe Sensé 1hat it notonly
-Jain itenalue os of dainisno but also the doctrung
nentionud he doctrin&
Raliglns liue Buddlkism and tinduism
O Ruval

area deve
 -The meot inpontant /popuon itocatur DYe.
Purevs
Prakrit Agana
-Angani Chedabsa
+MulSuta
Upenga,
+'PraKrunas
Dllana Prapanch Kaha
Sanskri!

Tonil lteraBuuangam iteraturu io lasises

Cortluoro of Gcat Poot asd Poatoss.
-Undeg ePaseya Ruler of Madwai 3
oro hald cohich qove rasQ to agoma Casemt.
lanil
-His bliaud hál the tirat liletature .
Hocdod b,Gods Songas CaSerobly cca
- No toxt boôr Angal
Survived
s,cnd oinks
tom the Very

Tolaxoppiyarm ehich is Ast and foemost book on

Samnil Gyanwmert
LIn the nd &angam
out of coch 8 Qeru Assembly GB lbtetectual poticipale
Women.
ao ineuded very
amoua poaess Anda, bo wai
-Ihe lHeratusu of Sncd
Sangp Assasbly in be cvind
Maipn Dorus (Malkanauku)
Ninor tDorus (KilkanaKKL)
 Majort torut Ninor Wor,
(MalkanauKa) ( KilkanakKa)
&Ù
deas cotihnhe history -hese DeNe lhe b0bu, on
poitiealaxplots o! PandyaMoRal atkical Code of
Rulers
Conduet
s divided

PPATTUPPATTU
FTHOTHOGAT:
(DPruue) (8 Anlbelijas ol Po

Stlapa hixartcom Tlango r i g a l :

Mannimckalai Chattarut
Thicukustal -hàruuallu vast
s ong of the most tspöctecl ixt io Tantl leraturo.
-It Sonua u a manual,parcopt to
quice to a Noble livion.
4eh oncorus tofo
colich codorns
-T atnosl touches upon al {he toples
Human beings
topics o Sotich.
-Rhas, Wty.obsaruatios ch aimost all he
-Hs a boou of Rotioakty ag mtisn Ond above all t &
abool on moral lical Code of Condurt.

URDD:
-Ia apersiascoend Meentrg Cangp)
mergad inthe mtltaty Canups of Delhi Sultanate.
lP Vocab of Undu ts hugely hdabted to Tarich, Pesian,
Hndauoi nd Kharo lbol
yunatioal sBructur-oUrdu tDos lnfuenced frtom . .

Shaunoseni
irsl Eme onpleyedl this
ongunge tor (tlenouy purpose, but the Oficial Slals
to Undu cs qiven by Bahmoi Sallan's of Golkondo
 PAINTING
-The hislony of palrting in Tnda gpos bacu to
n
-he 1st EXoupla Con be tound
on
Paleslilhic pariod
forly humns Stevded o engrae he enll
-Tese diagnons eoero line nages / Unaoe
diagtana Aled eotlh Colout Petrogyph

Red, Brocon ole.

hcludd
Thems, of the paintirag
Ainal riing.a
4Hurhg, Gatheing
ftghahng nd
() Mesolithic Painting
ofthis porçod coote
-|he rufond as
paunti Paleolitie Poioion
to Palotie
os tonpored to binting
much
-Th Chorcieristic lool of maoifç perubd toOa Micok!
(Tiryand hanp) foettaled tle erat ton of pott
-NouD in ths penod, coBda Vonlety of Thmes caene paite
tohich oe 0s tollos Hurting
Fighing·
Neco Varick ’ Goup Dance
Qulebrafion
Houschald h o r N
Soual nons
.Phallus oship
Yone lbralip

Grun, eio, Bron, tem Dchre, Rec

-Recl Col

Cut
-he Roou pcünting o msolihie pariod gies great ragit
about ha Socio Cultunal
n)MualPaintings
(0Hianla Muutal
lainting
Buddlhisn
fTheme s puuly baaed on
Fllora lual Paintings
(o
(0. basec on Hinduis 4..
Theme of the peiting cos
Prieulanly
he Vhishnavtle traditian
Nluwtolof Ellota is lod Vshnu
ofhepopular, Frosco
One
- Ganudo
n is vehich Reahtiauuo Period
oore erocicd cwcing
hese painting
(up)
n) Bagh lura
based, on budahis.
Period

M Bodarú lutal badani, Karataua)iaia

ond Theme CDOs bosed on Vaishnawtle fraclit¡n.

-Ilun patnoriscd by Chalaaya Radur. poudiculardy
Manglah Chalkya

-I toa petronazed by Pallava arnd idya Rulet .

-Them is based on Jainism

Cnuatgd oside Arrmamalai CvQ of TN

homa - Joinis.
- Conuplele absenca of
Locoded in Arardpur dist. of Andbra
Prümary Colbu (RGB)
Patroni
onisecd
sacd by Vijayng Rulrg ( Krishna cluva Raya)
- ttots cruotod on the eoalls of onple but theme oey
 (U) Noyoua Nluxal :
- Place - Moduoi, TN
- Patonited by - Neyeue Rular of Maduxoi 21
-Them eoos based on indu agndlugy uch ca lond 9l
nd loid vishnu

(x) Chola Munal

Thanjcwut, 1 N i n t b f
- Potronisd by Mainline Chola Rulon of Thryovun
-The painting oeru lsed on Shawte tuacttion out
imeog of Royal figuru iu King and en also Cr alo
(8) Kerala Mural ?
Rtocs mainly practised t, Northen
.b n
Keiala:
- IH eoo cruated on the coalls of tonpo and toag
paBronisad lby Tiavancone'Rulerce .
-Theme caas based on Hiodu hiyhology paxtieulanly
Ranayan &Nahabharat

Lacture-24 () Mttalua Pointinge

-A is a gmall 8cale paintirg bytrVery selilad oa
-H is mainly Crioted Ûn Peráshab materal tis Paper
Clob, Palm lea etcbo nurlis
Rula for Crenking Minighue bintng ?
(0he pautng usinot be loncer han, as Squáne tdles
Cbul these feeuné tocn ciluted ts later
phosei)
lasger than t
 Fonly MiniatuwrePaintinq:
Pala liniatuny:
the Coriat niniatun pairting of ndia aich tics
-IIis
PalaDynosty of Bengal
patnonmsedby loafs
cruated on Palm by Inage toa
'nuscript pintig eohrs
a type of
H
col4h cordtn n
hand con
moNpanied
paintg eons kaiod on Budehitm
of the
iniatue:
Apbhramnua/ Western lopccl&
Wateuy initueoa tl ckve
lhe Coutry .e Guunat& Rajsthan
M. dern Rnt of
os potronisad
partrtonisec by
by Jain,;rodsu and monus,
dain
-I
paiting
-I!s aso manscrap! type o laBer they
-Tnitaly eDos Crucaled on Pa loa bul

-Me tene of Paintog cos bascd on dainis

on.

bacu froo Irtcun to Isss, he brtougit

-When Hmauin Came
famous persians painter Mir Soyyid AliadAbdun Somad
too
to Naghal Couwat.
- MAh the QuUiNal of hese
ePortan Sofavd Sil
too painters
i India.
of Miriaiuru began
Painting duçng Akbar's Poried ?
Teltos Trdinn
- Axbase openad peirtna
Pintors.
Kauharao aithgs and lasge numben o
He openud Katwboa'g"oaintngs
people coeru employed in Karrhana:
Alubart also startod Sylon of reond fo encounag
painlers
 -Ho gso ctcaled a studio of paintig
Tesvoeruhana
-A his ting Nin Shiyid Alu ane Abedun Elmat
boc of
HanmramaSorticn coliceh tOas wof Ilustatioj
Hamza, toho ons tho uncle of
alo of Anin
4lit Alubor Ondsndd to
oint Pophat.
-Inygined by
utinama
Alohabháot
Rozmanana
Tale of bruot
Tutigama
Aubeu
Adben period coene
çeiod
All he roslatia) duino
cuuing
Moutabuhana
hoptenio
in a stectio unoton Qs
ueyncte of Alutr's paiod pertirgy
-Realism coas the

Jabangir's Poiod nl an
hinsci? oroot paisterc Cvcd h ana
-Jahangit Vasdod Flotos and faugou
Naluraltst oho pointod
coau the clinax of the Aughal Painting
- It
paintip Q¡
-One the very iugertant cspect of is prics
period' a
deconative imorgin and achievimerst of Ahis
bginig of potrat pairting.
Subjact t
-ln the polrat paisting te most inporlont
highlighta! iy dhtail ond rogt of bocuground kept pui
Shababany Period
- Durirg tis pendod qealismof u unghalpaitig

-Porcil Sustcig
-Euopeontrlence glso sloved. to-ef ket t he paitg
io the torn o) Shacdod Ffect
 CDas a uKal tuadition bul toler
Paintirg oas
nitially Rojanfhani
oninuds thuy slanted lo paio booutihal iniatur
rtho.

discounage, t Aounichd tn the Rugjiual irgdorm oj ojasthan

nagaroy
Radha Rishna eoas the mosl populon
- Dtsplay
Rajaftani Sehool of Paintina.
to Hhe
orumon ruuning lhng tn ojosihand Paintings aerg
most
osgirsd fom, Caet Covinda ol Joayodeu and
Chaut.Poncashiua of Bilhanoon aS
to Rojathani Sdhal ts Fute
Arolhcr vory populatmagg
Phying Krishno
the'placa in Rajalhant Schol Physical featug
LASOMeof
- loxd Krishna is cllen dabikod in buse Coloun to highlight his
Sryam Vaa (wheatish Cdou)

0 KoBa -Bundi Paintig CHadoti Paintng)

-he local vegiatian of Kota-Bundi coas painked i quite
delail
-Anohen veruy tnpodan ctbetion, cöo Childhood prana of
-Arotlua

Nonuoasr Painting:
-hihis onec 99ala paintig daveloped hich
t cubictian of nusical agn toto poitng
-Though the Concept .cons enique bui Hae quabty of painting
Kishangedh Pointing ?
His noled or, pxaggetatog of Heman f0otuwes . tore tp
hy eruotod Shanp Nose ,Shanp CVin Almond Shepe tye
Skndue Cuu tn bods nd 2y xucinghe magin oF Jace.
 -Oeof tbe very famos painting o} lishangeuh t.
Dani Than (foahin lady ofTrda)
IIoes painiad by Nihalchand.
) SoulhIndtan Painting
@ Thantore Painting
-Is onoglod on the coton clolh cohich i tlo a
Looodon frame
loorla intein
- Ih thevery 1sl stop Tamarund and Joggery pat t
cloth.ofpainrup
pped on the
ot8
-lnthe 2nd stop time- Paster t
CRuCtod to be fted colth colou o lile
-Spectalty d Thanpre 'poirtirg tskadge,ot, Real Gol and
Orunamenls
The thone of
Lond Kräshrn is oPien dobectacd there othanjole
to

Nysonu Painttng i
- con patronised by l@oayan cynosty of Mysone
-he chanceruishie fotue of tigsore painting ts tae of
Gittrirg asd cortarstig toissi. to oidsi Inal :
-Ihuyalso Used Gesso poste cohich is mistun of Lend jnb
Ganase aurd Gue fore potishing thenpoistiawon
-"The moslconmon tunnig therie of usore paining à
dapicton of Nysore Dasra
Nytholagicat' eplsoda au att
poånted.
 Painhing:
Kalanmani Crected on (oton
o prachisedon the stale of Andha
is
- Il
doth
8eubi?
Aasalipamam Kalaucui hod hene Theme.
’ Reigioa
()
Ohrzi7alhasti Kalaueut

Paiaka
MiscallanOUy
ka-1Painting'!
Thang- cotth Budd!
io lah and Ladaub oua

wh the nage ofcuogon.

Tlobelan fofuonce Cen be Seen
-Sno-
o Kangra Painting:
-Himachal Pradash.
# ismixtwu of frbIoidaw r
Oneed on Cotton Cioth and
palnting
ts bosQd on thodu God and Coddat.
LThere
-I has Gi ag also
(o Madhwani Paintig:
in Uthia aea o! Biha.
- Il uasptactised he oalla ol houe.
coas Chuatd by 1he temaus on
-Initalla
sed cotous mixed i Rice Floun
-Ihey
Cortonponauy tne ti ts practid by boih male &foa.
-h the
-Naa ttts a Canas ainting alao theme,Abslnacttheny
-lherme - Erotte Love thenu, Raljiu

-Bthar
-Thome-Bosed on toclu Reigioca theme
-Moti of a srauc s out in anjuha
) Padna Kalam
- Bihos
harddips
- Lçicton of Daily tfe and tis
(u) Pattachita'
Odisha
- It tsa type of Sertoll paning.
- I tsis Croled on Cotton Cloth
Theme ubscc on.

(ys Valtghat Painting

- Wal Bengal
hee ha Subalteory apprtooch in cohich
Goddas lLali eDca clabictednbol bun isl o

aharostra
-Thema ts abstraet cnd bosed onnfole eutue of oali ,
 MoVEMENTS
BHAKTI & SUFI

to become populen at the tin

of Brauti stvted
Concept
pracksa of Ahimal
Bhauh Supecedeedthe
Coneçt
eSaente: o
toh TN Aua Alcars urd Nhyarc curs
AD

cDOTO dovole of Lond Vish!1

-Alkus Tantl languag in pricise oh

Prabardham Qud Pranbandha

Ravyam ? bals

Nayana
of lord Bliv.
-Try coerecdevotees
lanil pocm lo praise ofLond &liva ka
-huy Sihqlu
hevorom nd Thevauram:
donunatiun of Baahint
-They braue the inittal treacition of
ky thvolucog all the soctians of soicty including
nRiligiom Raligious affins.
bomon ornd Shudra ln

Tenale Naycuno
fanous fenuala Nauncu SaintsKauciual
unts Ayaiye
 Virshaiva and lingyat Movemest :
-This moom slanted lo the gBaBe of korry
lo the eords of Bosvanne
-Virshiva ou dacrbed as the Hleuos of Lord Shaiva,
linguyals thom
Qs a pendant tolth
Authordty
-The belivod (ond Shiva ca Suprm Vecdas.
don altach any tnupontance to he
Oflot duath
-As port Hhci bolioue body runita wth lorc
hence intod of crumatig he body tney tlloo bundal
ound toich ncuded peopa fes
al the socHons of Socichy thcluang oNen and Urtouch

Inpotant Bhautt Saints

doninatad by the lsdhonic

Suit

They adapled Dogmte uetoda ad Seholatt orplan di

uwkich pratdet the bacuitotund fon energente of
Sut Novenunt
-A is callud o Se Movemend a the practisorers
a coocdan plece of cloth unoton o Suetf".
-Suft bolieved in spiitual Cornaction coith Alaha and
Propket.
 inect-genolayy
eu alsoclcimud that on mmat sho
enplyedalsont
îhy to étabish dincl gpinitual Connncin Ho Allah and
Proplet.
Khangah.
Andonol the Suft
Murabtd, Pi,8haikh,
hrad ol Khanqah isunoon s
LTe

Thedisciplu cocrO nid

Concclogy and Spiilualiom iscallad
An unbrouen chain ol
Sls?la incude
Stisila coich Cane to Jhdia
Q of the populan
Ohtstta and Suhrauoeci.

Chisti
(Fruend Por).
- I0s

food to post peqp.

-Ho.skutad a open uthe eohich provicuc
-Ho coas basd in AjmeL
-Clher Inugp.Srink of Chiuta
Qukubuddin Baubhtayar louà
Boba fovd)
farúduddin Garý~i- Shakaz (
Nizamuddin Audciya
Nasaorudin Chog
Suhmoudaci Silsila:
tounded bu Shaiuh Bahaud elin Zauonic
Jt ocs
accepled otficial opostBion in Delli &ultaate (owt.
lhy
 Olher S:lsila
Naqs bniya

Qalondot
Nalong
Ahmodiya
Contribulion of Bhauti and Sule ovementtr in t
hey adocatod Sinuple toromy of Religion.
hey ehiphastad.on te aspect of love Cnd
tw Both had rtetorunattve tencency and
coere Csíticalof
tso) Triod to upuft the postion of
tDDmen and tintouchabl
) They crikisizd the unust rla of tha
time
S) They hetp popabuisa the rgicnal literiatue 'o!
d
in Tndia.

Ninooun oibbuoy

pomN) úbnnoeoA
 THEATRE

Sotiru on Soctely.
Sodely
hone

Seonng Hallras Soang (Up)

CHAR)

chsenvatien coith olemenlof ontortainmrt

Daily üle
ORmlea-Up

lifesloryofLondRam
Thcnu-
Roslala- Braj,
atairscof lonc Krishno
hene love
Nhulani - UP
Society with npeds trtomn nnyiholagtcal
QuerE - Satira on
itonaturu

- Bihar
Bashiya
Lovers.
lene- Pang of Sepanaton betoeenobynlnt
Jata Enonged fuom

- Sianlecl by Chaitanya uahaprabhu Kruthnc

lond
taics öeganised is the honDujDR
Bhaona - AsSsam.
Dhume Anuia naat
(onplainls but
- Daily alu, of omen and thcÝ
ulher in laus

Story of Alha- vdal r)d andoas

 Bhavni Gujunat
Theme Thaditonal cdavotional tluate pefond duira
Abunata.
(XD Tamha - ahaastto
hee - Daily tle of. flanmen Coumnty .
hotro.
Drsavalon --Goa
Theme- o Re-inceuyntins of lod Vichnu:

9 Yaxshagang Kornalaua.
Thang Nahabhanat
Nueliyotts - kerala.
Theme- Tiuuph, of Goas Bhadrauoi ovest Asun
Daria
.Divtre thectny bos ed on tHirdu
ythology
kohiyatam -Kenal.
.DeveBianal thotre bsed on Huydu ytholoqy
"Longat uruioing Anadatieyal heatrucr:
KV heruKoot hs - TA
Mherne- ukip of Goddus Morianuman (Rai Gatten) and
cpittin ofe of Drcupac