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Module 6: Hands-On:
Steering System in an EV

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ctric Vehicle Course

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Steering System in an EV

● Steering ratio:

Formula: Steering Ratio = Steering Wheel Angle / Wheel Angle

Problem: In a vehicle, the steering wheel is turned 360 degrees clockwise, causing
the front wheels to turn 45 degrees to the right. Calculate the steering ratio of
the vehicle.

Solution:
Given,
Steering wheel angle = 360 degree
Wheel angle = 45 degree

Now let's calculate the steering ratio of the vehicle by using the formula:
Steering Ratio = Steering Wheel Angle / Wheel Angle

Steering Ratio = Steering Wheel Angle / Wheel Angle

Steering Ratio = 360 / 45
Steering Ratio = 8

Therefore, the steering ratio of the vehicle is 8. This means that for every 8
degrees of rotation of the steering wheel, the wheels turn 1 degree.

● Steering Effort Calculation ( Total Kingpin Torque required to steer an axle )

Formula: T = W * f * √( ( B2 / 8 ) + E2)

Where,
T = Total Kingpin Torque required to steer axle.
W = Vehicle Weight supported by the steered axle.
f = Coefficient of friction (dimensionless).
B = Nominal width of the tire print
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E = Kingpin Eccentric (use nominal tire width).

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Problem: A vehicle with a weight of 2000 kilograms is supported by the front
axle. The coefficient of friction between the tires and the road surface is
measured to be 0.5. The nominal width of the tire print is 200 millimeters, and
the kingpin eccentric (use nominal tire width) is 10 millimeters. Calculate the
total kingpin torque required to steer the axle.

Solution:
Given,
W = 2000 kg
f = 0.5
B = 200 mm = 0.2 m
E = 10 mm = 0.01 m

Now let's calculate the total kingpin torque required to steer the axle by using the formula, T
= W * f * √( ( B2 / 8 ) + E2)

T = W * f * √( ( B2 / 8 ) + E2)
T = 2000 * 0.5 * √( ( (0.2)2 / 8 ) + (0.01)2)
T = 1000 * √( ( 0.04 / 8 ) + 0.0001 )
T = 1000 * √( 0.005 + 0.0001 )
T = 1000 * √0.0051
T = 1000 * 0.07141
T = 71.41 Nm

Therefore, the total kingpin torque required to steer the axle is approximately
71.41 Nm

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