myCBSEguide

Class 09 - Social Science

ECO Poverty as a Challenge Test 01

Question No. 1 to 4 are based on the given text. Read the text carefully and answer the questions:

There were a number of causes for the widespread poverty in India. One historical reason is the low level of economic
development under the British colonial administration. The policies of the colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts
and discouraged the development of industries like textiles. This resulted in fewer job opportunities and a low growth rate of
incomes. This was accompanied by a high growth rate of population. The two combined to make the growth rate of per capita
income very low. The failure at both the fronts: promotion of economic growth and population control perpetuated the cycle of
poverty. Unable to find proper jobs in cities, many people started working as rickshaw pullers, vendors, construction workers,
domestic servants, etc. With irregular small incomes, these people could not afford expensive housing. They started living in
slums on the outskirts of the cities and the problems of poverty, largely a rural phenomenon also became the feature of the urban
sector. Another feature of high poverty rates has been the huge income inequalities. One of the major reasons for this is the
unequal distribution of land and other resources. Major policy initiatives like land reforms which aimed at the redistribution of
assets in rural areas have not been implemented properly and effectively by most of the state governments. Since lack of land
resources has been one of the major causes of poverty in India, proper implementation of policy could have improved the lives
of millions of rural poor. Many other socio-cultural and economic factors also are responsible for poverty. In order to fulfill
social obligations and observe religious ceremonies, people in India, including the very poor, spend a lot of money. Small
farmers need money to buy agricultural inputs like seeds, fertilizer, pesticides, etc. Since poor people hardly have any savings,
they borrow. Unable to repay because of poverty, they become victims of indebtedness. So the high level of indebtedness is both
the cause and effect of poverty.
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study material for
CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar papers with their
own name and logo.

1. Assertion (A): An average Indian has to spend huge amount on marriage and other rituals
Reason (R): There is socio-cultural pressure.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
2. High growth rate of ________ and less availability of jobs led to ________ leading to poverty.
a. population, unemployment
b. industries, income inequalities
c. economic development, indebtedness
d. poverty, employment
3. What is the major reason behind huge income inequalities?
a. Low level of economic development under the colonial government by the British
b. All of these
c. Unequal distribution of land and other resources
d. Irregular small incomes
4. Identify the historical reason for poverty.
a. Lack of land resources
b. British policies not in favour of the local economy
c. Low level of education of the poor

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

1/5
myCBSEguide
d. High level of indebtedness
5. In which of the following countries did poverty actually rise from 1981 to 2001?
a. India
b. Sub Saharan Africa
c. Australia
d. Latin America
6. ________ means that certain groups or communities have a greater probability of either becoming poor or remaining
poor in the next few years.
a. Empowerment
b. Social Exclusion
c. Gender division
d. Vulnerability
7. With the spread of ________, many job opportunities were created in the agriculture sector.
a. anti poverty schemes and modern technology
b. tools and machinerries
c. None of these
d. irrigation and the Green revolution
8. Assertion (A): An average Indian has to spend a huge amount on marriage and other rituals.
Reason (R): There is socio-cultural pressure.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
9. Assertion (A): Different countries use different poverty lines.
Reason (R): The calorie intake which is required for different people is different based on their physical condition.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c. A is true but R is false.
d. A is false but R is true.
10. State True or False:
i. In 2000, Rural employment generation programmes were started.
a. True
b. False
ii. NSSO conducts surveys at an interval of 4 years.
a. True
b. False
11. Fill in the blanks:
a. The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) was passed in September, ________.
b. The _______ programme was the major anti-poverty programme.
12. Match the following:
(i) Ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged development of
(a) Socio-cultural and economic factors.
industries like textiles.

(ii) To fulfil social obligations and observe religious ceremonies people

(b) The policies of the colonial government.
spent a lot of money.
(c) Huge income inequalities. (iii) Many job opportunities were created in the agriculture sector.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

2/5
myCBSEguide
(d) With the spread of irrigation and the (iv) Unequal distribution of land and other resources.
Green revolution.
13. What is the accepted average calorie requirement for a person per day in urban areas?
14. What is India's most compelling challenge in context of poverty?
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
papers with their own name and logo.
15. Give the main feature of Rural Employment Generation Programme.
16. Give an account of the inter-state disparities in poverty in India.
17. "The proportion of poor people is not the same in every state." Justify the statement.
18. State how social exclusion can be used in understanding poverty in India?

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

3/5
myCBSEguide

Class 09 - Social Science

ECO Poverty as a Challenge Test 01

Solution

1. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. [Explanation: There are many socio-cultural
factors which also contribute to poverty. An average Indian has to spend huge amount on marriage and other rituals
because of socio-cultural pressure. This creates a heavy drain on savings.]
2. (a) population, unemployment
Explanation: population, unemployment
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
papers with their own name and logo.
3. (c) Unequal distribution of land and other resources
Explanation: Unequal distribution of land and other resources
4. (b) British policies not in favour of the local economy
Explanation: British policies not in favour of the local economy
5. (b) Sub Saharan Africa
Explanation: In Sub-Saharan Africa, poverty has risen from 41 percent in 1981 to 46 percent in 2001.
6. (d) Vulnerability
Explanation: The phrase ‘vulnerability to poverty’ means that certain groups or communities have a greater probability
of either becoming poor or remaining poor in the next few years. The groups which are vulnerable to poverty are the
people belonging to scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, rural agricultural labour households and urban casual labour
households.
7. (d) irrigation and the Green revolution
Explanation: With the spread of irrigation and the Green revolution, many job opportunities were created in the
agriculture sector.
8. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: There are many socio-cultural factors that also contribute to poverty. An average Indian has to spend a
huge amount on marriage and other rituals because of socio-cultural pressure. This creates a heavy drain on
savings. The reason explains the assertion.
9. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Different countries use different poverty lines because the calorie requirement which is required for
different people is different based on their physical condition. For example, if a person is too tall and healthy s/he would
require more calories than a short person. Both assertion and reason are correct and just.
10. State True or False:
i. (b) False
Explanation: False
ii. (b) False
Explanation: False
11. Fill in the blanks:
a. 2005
b. Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana
12. (a) - (ii), (b) - (i), (c) - (iv), (d) - (iii)
13. 2100 calorie is the accepted average calorie requirement for a person per day in urban areas.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

4/5
myCBSEguide
14. India’s most compelling challenge remains the poverty reduction. Wide disparities in poverty are visible between rural
and urban areas and among different states.
15. As an anti-poverty measure, Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) was launched in 1995.
The feature of REGP are:
i. Creation of self-employment opportunities in rural areas and towns.
ii. Creation of 25 Lakhs new jobs under the tenth five-year plan.
16. (i) States with poverty ratio more than the national average: Orissa, Bihar, Assam, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh are the
most poverty ridden states of India. The poverty ratio in these states is much higher than the national average. Orissa and
Bihar are the poorest states with poverty ratio of 47 and 43 respectively. Most of these states are facing rural as well as
urban poverty.
(ii) States with poverty ratio less than the national average : Recent studies show that in 20 states and union territories,
the poverty ratio is less than the national average. There has been a significant decline in poverty ratio in Kerala, Andhra
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and West Bengal.
(iii) States with low poverty ratio : States like Punjab, Haryana, Goa, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu Kashmir have very
low percentage of population living below the poverty line.
17. The proportion of poor is not being the same in every state as:
i. The success of reducing poverty varies from state to state.
ii. 20 states have poverty ratio less than the national average.
iii. Bihar and Odisha continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratios of 33.7% and 33.6% respectively.
iv. There is a significant decline in poverty in Kerala, Jammu & Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and some other
states.
v. With the help of high agricultural growth rates, states like Punjab and Haryana have succeeded in reducing poverty to
a large extent.
vi. Proper organisation of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu has also helped to
tackle the problem of poverty.
To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App. It provides complete study
material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar
papers with their own name and logo.
18. Social exclusion is one of the major indicators of poverty analysis in India. Social exclusion is a process through
which individuals or group of individuals are excluded from availing the facilities and benefits provided by the
government. It is both the cause and consequences of poverty in India. Because of social exclusion, certain sections of
society, like women, aged people, children, people belonging to SCs, STs couldn't avail the same opportunities enjoyed
by the people of general caste in the society. This compelled them to get trapped in the vicious cycle of poverty.
Similarly, due to the difference in the status of income poor people are excluded socially in the country. Due to their
economic status, poor people have been compelled to live in the surrounding different from that of better-off people.
Therefore, both social and economic inequalities led to this evil called poverty. The social exclusion on the basis of caste
is graver than that of income inequality. Therefore, understanding of social exclusion has helped in understanding the
anti-poverty programme in a better way.

Copyright © myCBSEguide.com. Mass distribution in any mode is strictly prohibited.

5/5