CLIMATE CHANGE / GLOBAL WARMING

. What do you predict will happen to the environment in the next five years?
According to various sources, the environment is likely to face more challenges in the next
five years, such as rising temperatures, extreme weather events, sea level rise, biodiversity
loss, and resource depletion . Some scientists warn that the planet may cross some critical
tipping points that could have irreversible consequences for the climate and the biosphere .
. What are the consequences of climate change?
The consequences of climate change are manifold and affect the physical environment,
ecosystems, and human societies. Some of the impacts include more heat waves, droughts,
floods, storms, wildfires, diseases, food insecurity, water scarcity, displacement, conflict,
and poverty . These impacts are expected to worsen as the global average temperature
continues to rise.
. What are some current environmental issues?
Some of the current environmental issues that require urgent attention are global warming
from fossil fuels, deforestation and forest degradation, ocean pollution and acidification,
plastic waste and microplastics, loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services, soil erosion and
degradation, and unsustainable consumption and production patterns
. How do we build a sustainable world?
To build a sustainable world, we need to transform our economic and social systems to align
with the principles of the circular economy, which aims to reduce resource use, reuse and
recycle materials, and regenerate natural resources . We also need to adopt more sustainable
lifestyles and behaviours, such as eating less meat, reducing food waste, choosing
renewable energy sources, avoiding single-use plastics, and supporting green businesses and
initiatives . Additionally, we need to cooperate and collaborate at all levels, from
individuals and communities to governments and organizations, to implement the
Sustainable Development Goals, which are a universal framework for achieving a better and
more sustainable future for all .
VOCABULARY
major, long-term changes to global weather
patterns. Climate change can occur
naturally or it can be driven by human
Climate change (noun): actions. Climate change can disrupt the
balance of nature and threaten vulnerable
species with extinction.
 a rise in the earth’s temperature caused by
an increase in greenhouse gases. If left
Global warming (noun): unchecked, global warming leads to climate
change which can be harmful for the
environment.
gases that allow radiation from the sun to
pass through the earth’s atmosphere, and
Greenhouse gases (noun): trap outgoing heat from the earth’s surface.
Greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide,
nitrous oxide, and methane.
the effect that greenhouse gases have on the
environment. Without the greenhouse
Greenhouse effect (noun): effect, life on earth would cease to exist but
human pollution intensifies it, and that can
lead to problems.
a colourless gas making up 0.042% of
Earth’s atmosphere. It is produced when
animals breathe out or when carbon and
Carbon dioxide (CO2) (noun):
organic compounds are burned. CO2 is an
important greenhouse gas without which
our planet would be inhospitably cold.
the release of carbon into the atmosphere as
Carbon emissions (noun):
a result of the burning of fossil fuels.
sources of energy derived from the remains
Fossil fuels (noun): of living things that died a long time ago.
Gas, coal, and oil are all fossil fuels.
gases and other substances discharged into
Emissions (noun): the air, such as plumes of smoke from coal-
fired power stations or car exhaust fumes.
the mixture of gases surrounding the earth
and other planets. Earth’s atmosphere
consists primarily of 78% nitrogen, 21%
Atmosphere (noun): oxygen and 0.9% argon with the remaining
0.1% coming from trace amounts of carbon
dioxide, methane, water vapour and other
gases.
energy generated by the sun. Solar radiation
Solar radiation (noun):
is filtered by the atmosphere.
the atmospheric conditions which relate to a
Weather (noun):
specific time and place.
typical weather conditions for a specific
Climate (noun):
part of the world.
 when a plant or animal species dies out, it
Extinction (noun):
becomes extinct.
the variety of life forms that are found in a
particular area, including the different
Biodiversity (noun):
species of plants, animals and
microorganisms
actions taken to adjust to the effects of
Adaptation (noun): climate change, for example building sea
walls to protect against rising sea level.
the study of finding ways to change the
Geo-engineering earth's atmosphere in order to reduce global
warming
Ambitious (adj) tham vọng
Dependence on phụ thuộc vào
Volume (n) dung tích
Inevitable (adj) không tránh khỏi
Reasonable (adj) hợp lý
Emission sự thải ra
Stride sự tiến bộ- advance, progress,

Cause of environmental problems (Các nguyên nhân gây ra vấn đề về môi

trường)
 exhaust gas (n) khí thải gas
 fossil fuels (n) nhiên liệu hóa thạch (than, dầu, quặng,…)
 carbon emissions (n) khí thải carbon
 illegal dumping (n) xả rác trái quy định
 habitat destruction (n) phá hủy môi trường sống tự nhiên
 intensive farming (n) canh tác quá mức
 overpopulation (n) dân số quá lớn
 overgrazing (n) chăn thả quá mức)
Global issues (Các vấn đề toàn cầu)
 global warming (n) sự nóng lên toàn cầu
 climate change (n) biến đổi khí hậu
 carbon footprint (n) dấu chân carbon (từ lóng), chỉ hệ quả của quá trình sử dụng
carbon để lại
 greenhouse gases (n) khí thải nhà kính
 the greenhouse effect: hiệu ứng nhà kính
  temperatures soar (n) sự tăng nhiệt độ, sự nóng lên
 natural disaster (n) thảm họa thiên nhiên
 soil degradation (n) xói mòn đất
 ozone layer depletion (n) suy thoái tầng ozone, thủng tầng ozone
 endangered species (n) sinh vật đứng gần bờ vực tuyệt chủng
Pollution (Sự ô nhiễm)
 air pollution (n) ô nhiễm không khí
 environmental pollution (n) ô nhiễm không khí
 marine pollution (n) ô nhiễm đại dương
 water pollution (n) ô nhiễm nguồn nước
 industrial pollution (n) ô nhiễm công nghiệp
 noise pollution (n) ô nhiễm tiếng ồn
 vehicle pollution (n) ô nhiễm phương tiện
 soil pollution (n) ô nhiễm đất
Pollution from garbage (Ô nhiễm rác thải)
 dangerous/harmful/hazardous/poisonous/toxic waste (n) chất thải độc hại
 domestic waste = household waste (n) rác thải sinh hoạt
 industrial waste (n) rác thải công nghiệp
 landfill (n) bãi rác
 contaminate (v) làm ô nhiễm
 contamination (n) sự ô nhiễm
 contaminated (adj) bị nhiễm độc = toxic (adj)
 to litter: vứt (rác)
Saving the environment (Cứu lấy môi trường)
 environmentally friendly = eco-friendly (adj) thân thiện với môi trường
 eco-friendly source (n) nguồn nhiên liệu thân thiện
 sustainable energy source (n) nguồn nhiên liệu bền vững
 renewable energy (n) năng lượng tái tạo
 alternative energy (n) năng lượng thay thế
 solar power (n) năng lượng mặt trời
 wind farms (n) cánh đồng điện gió (khu sử dụng điện gió làm năng lượng)
 wildlife conservation (n) bảo tồn thiên nhiên hoang dã
 green technology (n) công nghệ xanh
 sustainable living (n) sống bền vững
  green taxes (n) thuế bảo vệ môi trường
 biodegrable packaging (n) bao bì sinh học có thể phân hủy
2. Collocation thường gặp
 environmental problem (n) các vấn đề về môi trường
 environmental degradation (n) sự suy thoái của môi trường
 conservation of the environment ≈ protection of the environment (n) sự bảo vệ môi
trường
 damage to the environment ≈ harmful to the environment gây hại đến môi trường
 to prevent pollution: ngăn chặn ô nhiễm
 to fight/combat pollution: giải quyết ô nhiễm
 to control/monitor pollution: kiểm soát ô nhiễm
 to cut/reduce/minimalize pollution: giảm thiểu ô nhiễm
 dump/get rid of/dispose of waste: vứt rác → waste disposal (n)
 to handle/manage/process waste: xử lý rác → waste treatment/management (n)
 cut down on/reduce waste: giảm thiểu rác → waste reduction (n)
 easily recycleable (adj) có thể dễ dàng tái chế
PHRASES
 Climate change is a serious problem that affects everyone on the planet.
 Global warming is caused by the burning of fossil fuels, which release carbon dioxide
and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
 We need to take action now to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and limit the rise of
global temperature.
 Climate change impacts the environment, the economy, and human health in many
ways.
 Global warming increases the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events,
such as heat waves, droughts, floods, and storms.
 Climate change threatens the survival of many species and ecosystems, especially
those that are sensitive to temperature changes.
 Global warming also affects the availability and quality of water, food, and energy
resources.
 Climate change requires global cooperation and collective action to find effective
solutions.
 Global warming can be slowed down and reversed by switching to clean and
renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydro power.
 Climate change also offers opportunities for innovation and development of new
technologies and practices that are more sustainable and resilien.
 Climate change is a global challenge that requires a global response.
 Global warming is the result of human activities that increase greenhouse gas
emissions.
 We need to reduce our carbon footprint and adopt more renewable energy sources.
 The effects of climate change are already visible in the melting of glaciers, the rising
of sea levels, and the changing of seasons.
 Global warming poses a serious threat to the health and well-being of people and
wildlife.
 We have a moral responsibility to protect the environment and prevent further damage
from climate change.