On-demand EV Charging via Online Ride-Hailing Platform: Economic Equilibrium,

Infrastructure Planning, and Regulatory Incentives

This proposal aims to explore the innovative business model of providing on-demand charging services for electric vehicles (EVs)
through an online ride-hailing platform, focusing on economic equilibrium, infrastructure planning, and regulatory incentives.

1. Problem Statement

The rapid adoption of EVs is hindered by the lack of convenient and accessible charging infrastructure, particularly in urban areas
where residential charging is not feasible. This project seeks to address this challenge by proposing a novel business model that
leverages existing ride-hailing platforms to offer on-demand charging services.

2. Background

The proposed model aims to unlock the potential of underutilized public charging infrastructure by connecting EV owners with
ride-hailing service who transport the portable charger to their vehicles and recharge to charger-hub. This approach not only
addresses the immediate need for charging but also contributes to the broader goal of promoting renewable energy adoption. The
project will draw on existing literature on EV adoption, charging infrastructure, and the role of technology in facilitating sustainable
energy transitions.

3. Significance

This research will contribute to the understanding of how innovative business models can overcome barriers to EV adoption and
promote sustainable energy use. It will also provide insights into the economic feasibility of such a model, the optimal
infrastructure planning, and the regulatory policies that could support its implementation. The findings could inform policy
decisions and encourage further investment in EV charging infrastructure and ride-hailing platforms.

Brief Outline
1. Introduction
1.1. Review of existing literature on EV adoption, charging infrastructure, and the role of technology in sustainable energy
transitions.
1.2. Indonesia tends to be relevant in our research because of its financial prominence; the nation has the biggest economy
in Southeast Asia as well as the eighteenth largest in the entire globe. The nation is also host for one of the region's rising
markets for capital, which keeps drawing international investors from all over the globe.
2. Literature Review: Theoretical Background and Business Model Proposal
2.1. Detailed explanation of the proposed business model, including the interaction between the platform, EV owners,
couriers, and charging infrastructure.
2.2. Theoretical framework that supports the proposed model.
2.3. Identification of gaps in the literature and the rationale for the proposed research.
3. Methodology
3.1. Formulation of a mathematical model for the on-demand charging market, including queuing networks and market
equilibrium analysis.
4. Result and Analysis
4.1. Charging Infrastructure Planning
investigates how charging infrastructure planning will affect the market outcome, Numerical examples, Analysis
4.2. Regulation
- Introduces and verifies a potential regulatory policy for the proposed business model, how it will affect EV policy
and industry ecosystem in Indonesia, as PT. PLN (Persero) also as the only one electrical company as a big player
- Proposal of a regulatory policy that levies a tax on the platform for serving each customer, with the revenue
invested in public charging infrastructure.
- Analysis of the policy's impact on EV adoption and the broader energy sector.
4.3. Sensitivity Analysis
Examination of the robustness of the economic insights through sensitivity analysis.
5. Conclusion
Discussion of key findings and potential directions for future research.