11/5/2021

HOMEOSTASIS - FLUID COMPARTMENTS

METHODS OF COMMUNICATION IN BODY

Giảng viên : ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân

(dntvan@medvnu.edu.vn)

Bài giảng lý thuyết trực tuyến Khoa Y – ĐHQG HCM |1

Body components

• 1 fertilized egg →
division +
differentiation
• Differentiated
cells =
specialized
function
• Tissues = groups
of cells w related
function
ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân
Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

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Body components

• Organ = functional unit

• Organ system = several organs work
together to perform specific function
– Skin = barrier
– Entry = respiratory + gastrointestinal sys.
– Transport = cardiovascular sys.
– Exit = renal + GI + respiratory

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Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

Body Fluid Compartments

 Total
body
water =
60%
body
weight
 TBW
correlates
inversely
w body
fat
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Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

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Body Fluid Compartments

 ICF = 2/3
TBW
 ECF = 1/3
TBW
 ISF = ¾
ECF
 Plasma = ¼
ECF
 ISF =
ultrafiltrate
of plasma

ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân

Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

Male 70kg
• TBW= 60% BW = 42L
• ICF = 2/3 TBW = 28L
• ECF = 1/3 TBW = 14L
• ISF = ¾ ECF = ¼ TBW = 10.5 L
• Plasma = ¼ ECF = 1/12 TBW =
3.5L

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Self-regulating mechanism
1.Equilibrium: IVF & ISF
– Equal amount of substance
– No net transfer of substance or energy
– No barrier to movement
– No energy expenditure to maintain
2.Steady state: ICF & ECF
– Constant amount of substance in
compartments
– Input = output
– Require energy to maintain
ThS. BS. Đặng Nguyễn Tường Vân
Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

What is homeostasis
• Maintanence
of ECF
constituents
as relatively
constant
• Central
theme of
physiology

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Khoa Y – ĐHQG - HCM

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Homeostatic control & reflex

loops

• Intergration
center =
brain → set
point

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Temperature reflex loops:

external change

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Temperature reflex loops:

internal change

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Negative feedback loop

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Positive feedback loop

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TONIC CONTROL

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ANTAGONISTIC CONTROL

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RHYTHM

• 24h= circadian
rhythm: Cortisol, GH,
aldosterone,
testosterone
• >24h = infradian
rhythm: menstrual
cycle, thyroid
hormone increasing in
winter.
• < 24h = ultradian
rhythm: LH, prolactin.
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Modes of intercellular
communication
1. Neural communication → neurotransmitter
2. Endocrine communication → hormone
3. Neuroendocrine communication →
neurohormone
4. Local communication
– Paracrine communication → hormone
– Autocrine communication → hormone
– Gap junction

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Neural communication

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• synapse
• neurotransmitter

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Chemical synapse

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The synaptic vesicle cycle

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Excitatory & Inhibitory synapses

• An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a graded

depolarization due to influx of positive ions
• An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is a graded
hyperpolarization due to net influx of negative ions or net
efflux of positive ions
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Neuronal network

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Lateral inhibition

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Cholinergic synapses
Achetylcholin (Ach): neurotransmitter
• 2 types of receptors:
+ nicotinic: ligand gated ion channel → skeletal
muscle, brain
+ muscarinic: G-protein coupled → heart,
smooth muscle, glands, brain

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Adrenergic synapses
Catecholamine: neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
• Alpha & beta adrenergic receptors: G-protein
coupled via 2nd messenger → heart, smooth
muscle, glands

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Endocrine communication

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• Ductless
gland →
hormone.
• Hormone
→ blood
→ target
cell/tissue/
organ →
specific
receptor
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3. Neuroendocrine
communication

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Local hormones:
• paracrine
communication
→ hormone
• autocrine
communication
→ hormone

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Gap junction

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