Q1. What do you understand by Cyber Law?

Cyber Law refers to the legal regulations and frameworks that govern activities carried out in
cyberspace. It encompasses a wide range of legal issues related to the internet, computers, software,
data protection, electronic commerce, digital transactions, and cybercrimes. Cyber law aims to
address legal issues arising from the use of technology and the internet, ensuring accountability,
protection of rights, and prevention of unlawful activities in the digital realm.

Q2. Difference between Cyber Security and Information Security.

Cybersecurity primarily focuses on safeguarding networks, systems, and data from cyber threats,
including unauthorized access, cyberattacks, data breaches, and identity theft, among others. It
involves protecting digital assets from malicious actors, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and
availability of information in cyberspace.

Information security, on the other hand, is a broader concept encompassing the protection of all
forms of information, including physical and digital data, regardless of the medium or format. It
involves measures to protect information assets from unauthorized access, disclosure, alteration,
destruction, or theft, irrespective of whether it's stored electronically or on paper.

In essence, cybersecurity specifically deals with digital security in the context of cyberspace, while
information security covers a wider spectrum of information protection, including physical and digital
formats.

Q3. What do you understand by Indian Penal Code (IPC)?

The Indian Penal Code (IPC) is the principal criminal code of India, enacted in 1860 during the British
colonial rule. It comprehensively defines various offenses and prescribes punishments for crimes
committed within the territory of India. The IPC covers a wide range of criminal activities, including
offenses against the person, property, public tranquility, the state, and offenses relating to religion,
morality, and public health. It serves as the foundation of criminal law in India, guiding the
investigation, prosecution, and adjudication of criminal cases.

Q4. Elaborate International Law For Cyber Crime.

International law for cybercrime refers to legal frameworks and agreements established at the
international level to address cybercrimes that transcend national boundaries. It involves
cooperation among nations to combat cyber threats effectively and ensure a secure and trustworthy
cyberspace. International treaties, conventions, and agreements play a crucial role in establishing
norms, standards, and mechanisms for addressing cybercrimes, enhancing cybersecurity, and
promoting international cooperation in law enforcement and information sharing. Examples include
the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime and various United Nations initiatives aimed at combating
cyber threats at a global scale.

Q5. Who are authorizing Cyber Security Framework (NCFS)?

It seems there might be a typo or misunderstanding in the question. The National Cybersecurity
Framework (NCSF) is typically developed and authorized by government agencies or relevant
authorities responsible for cybersecurity within a country. These agencies could vary from nation to
nation, but they often include departments or ministries overseeing cybersecurity, national security,
or technology.

Q6. Why we need Cybersecurity Policy?

A cybersecurity policy is essential for several reasons:

1. Protection of assets: It helps safeguard valuable digital assets such as data, systems, and networks
from cyber threats and attacks.

2. Risk management: It assists in identifying, assessing, and mitigating cybersecurity risks effectively,
minimizing the impact of potential security incidents.

3. Compliance requirements: It ensures adherence to regulatory requirements and industry

standards related to cybersecurity, avoiding legal and financial penalties.

4. Business continuity: It helps maintain uninterrupted business operations by preventing disruptions

caused by cyber incidents or breaches.

5. Building trust: It enhances trust and confidence among stakeholders, customers, and partners by
demonstrating a commitment to cybersecurity and data protection.

6. National security: It contributes to national security by protecting critical infrastructure, sensitive

information, and government systems from cyber threats posed by adversaries.

Q7. Describe various types of Forensics.

Forensics refers to the scientific methods and techniques used to investigate and analyze evidence in
legal proceedings. In the context of cybersecurity and digital forensics, various types include:
1. Digital forensics: Involves the collection, preservation, analysis, and presentation of digital
evidence from computers, networks, mobile devices, and other electronic storage media.

2. Network forensics: Focuses on monitoring and analyzing network traffic to identify security
incidents, investigate cyberattacks, and gather evidence of malicious activities.

3. Mobile device forensics: Deals with extracting and analyzing data from smartphones, tablets, and
other mobile devices to reconstruct user activities, communications, and digital footprints.

4. Memory forensics: Examines the volatile memory (RAM) of computers and devices to uncover
artifacts related to running processes, malware, encryption keys, and other volatile data.

5. Forensic accounting: Involves investigating financial transactions, records, and accounts to uncover
fraud, embezzlement, money laundering, and other financial crimes.

6. Forensic DNA analysis: Utilizes DNA profiling techniques to identify individuals or establish genetic
relationships in criminal investigations or paternity disputes.

These are just a few examples of the diverse fields of forensics, each serving specific purposes in legal
and investigative processes.

Q8. Write Short Notes on-

a) Copyright Act:

The Copyright Act is a legal framework that grants exclusive rights to creators or owners of original
works, such as literary, artistic, musical, or dramatic creations. It provides protection against
unauthorized reproduction, distribution, public performance, and adaptation of copyrighted works.
The Copyright Act aims to incentivize creativity and innovation by enabling creators to control and
monetize their creations while balancing the public interest in accessing and using copyrighted
content.

b) Intellectual Property Issues (IPR):

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) encompass legal rights granted to individuals or entities for their
intellectual creations, innovations, and inventions. It includes various forms of intellectual property
such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets. Intellectual property issues involve
protecting and enforcing these rights against infringement, counterfeiting, piracy, and unauthorized
use. Effective management of intellectual property is crucial for fostering innovation, economic
growth, and competitiveness in today's knowledge-based economy.

Q9. Describe various field Areas where Forensics is being used.

Forensics finds applications in various fields, including:

1. Law enforcement: In criminal investigations, forensics is used to collect, analyze, and present
evidence to solve crimes and prosecute offenders.

2. Legal proceedings: Forensic evidence is presented in court to support legal arguments, establish
facts, and ensure fair and just outcomes in civil and criminal cases.

3. Corporate investigations: Forensic accounting and digital forensics are employed to investigate
fraud, embezzlement, intellectual property theft, and other misconduct within organizations.

4. Cybersecurity: Digital forensics and network forensics help identify, analyze, and respond to
cybersecurity incidents, breaches, and cyberattacks.

5. Disaster investigation: Forensic techniques are utilized to investigate accidents, disasters, and
incidents to determine causes, liabilities, and preventive measures.

6. Healthcare: Forensic pathology and forensic toxicology are used in medical investigations to
determine the cause of death, identify toxins or drugs, and assess injuries or trauma.

These are just a few examples of the diverse applications of forensics across different fields,
demonstrating its importance in investigations, problem-solving, and decision-making processes.