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    Foundation on Expansive Soil

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    10 views22 pages

    Foundation On Expansive Soil

    Uploaded by

    snc.miccp

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    of 22
    Definition + Expansive soil refers to soils that exhibit volume change due to change in moisture if their foundations are not adequately designed to withstand the by alternate heaving and shrinkage of the foundation soil, to structures particularly pavements and light buildings than any other natural hazard, including carthquakes and floods Origin of expansive soils ‘The parent materials of expansive soils may be classified into two groups > Igneous rocks ¥ Sedimentary rocks + Mineral which is formed from mainly igneous rock is and those formed from, sedimentary rocks are and + Among these three minerals kaolonite and illite are lightly expansive. Origin of expansive soils... ‘The cause of expansion of montmorillonite mineral is its montmorillonite is a three-layered mineral having a single ‘octahedeal alumina sheet sandwiched between two silica sheets, TThe units are stacked one above the other The bonds are comparatively weak, and water can enter between the sheets causing them to expand readily Its structure is just like a book which contains eaves one above the other. If water enters among the leaves of a book, all will he separated resulting expansion of the book. Experience shows that swelling problems arise when soils ‘contain more than 20% montmorillonite mineral The most well known example of expansive soils is black cotton soil which is datk grey to black in color Origin of expansive soil + The main groups of crystalline minerals that make up clays are kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite. Lave bl toe by eg ‘caren sg sell SESS wa i 2) Kaci ; bite Expansive soils in Ethiopia + Bhiopian expansive soils are black or dark gray colored + The aerial coverage of expansive soil in Eiopia is estimated t0 be 24,7 milion ares + They are widely spread in central part of Bihiopia Dissbution of expansive sil ia Ethiopia (Filahun, D, 2004; Teka, D., 2003) Physical Properties of Expansive Soil + Swelling potential - is defined as the percentage of swell of a laterally confined sample in an Oedometer test which is soaked under a surcharge load of 7 kPa after being compacted to maximum) dry density at optimum moisture content according, to the AASHTO compaction test. + The swelling pressure P, - is defined as the pressure required for preventing volume expansion in soil in contact with water. Physical Properties of Expansive Soil * Active zone: also called unstable zone, id the depth in soil to which periodic changes of moisture + Free swell or differential free swell: also termed as free swell index is the inerease in volume of soil without any extetnal constraint when subjected to submergence in water. Identification of Expansive soils eee err |e as eee manera eee ted |2. The wet samples of the soil ate sticky and it will be Jatively difficult to clean the soil from the hané Secret oe eet eee 4. They Identification of Expansive soils... Direct method * The direct tests which provide information on the amount of heaving that is to be anticipated ate free swell and Oedometer /consolidation tests. Evaluation of The Swelling Potential of Expansive Soils by Single Index Method ‘These tests are 1. Atterberg limits tests 2. Linear shtinkage tests 3. Free swell tests, Atterberg limits + plasticity index, Ip, and the liquid limit, LL. are useful indices for determining the swelling characteristics of most clays. + The relation between the swelling potential of clays and the plasticity index has been established as given below Index Properties of Fine-grained Soils "The range of the water contents over which the soil deforms plastically is known as the plasticity Index, Pi [Pram + A measure of soil strength using the Atterberg limits is known as the liquidity index (LI) and is expressed L yy 2 WPL PL index Properties of Fine-grained Soils Index Properties of Fine-grained Soils fever pacino uco Semisolid state ~high strength, brittle (sudden) fracture is expected. O

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