Shanan Project (Let's Go Nlu)

TG- clat2025material (LETS GO NLU)
Shanan hydropower project
• The Supreme Court issued summons to the Himachal Pradesh

government in an original suit filed by the State of Punjab.
• The suit aims to restrain interference with Punjab's possession

and control of the Shanan Power House Hydel Project.
• The court asked the parties to maintain status quo in terms of

the order dated 01.03.2024 passed by the Ministry of Power,
Government of India.
• A Bench of Justices Abhay S. Oka and Ujjal Bhuyan, hearing

Punjab's suit under Article 131 of the Constitution, passed the
order.
• The suit alleges that the Himachal Pradesh government is

attempting to dispossess Punjab from the suit property (i.e., the
Project) with malafide intentions to take it over.
• Article 131 provides the original jurisdiction of the Supreme

court.
The Issue –
• Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is one of the oldest and

largest sources of renewable energy.
• It generates power by using a dam or diversion structure to alter

the natural flow of a river or other body of water.
• The Shanan hydropower is the first hydroelectric power project

of India in megawatt capacity.
• The British-era 110-MW hydel project, situated at

Jogindernagar in Mandi district in Himachal Pradesh, was
leased to Punjab in 1925.
• The lease agreement was for 99-year years which came to and
end on March 2.
• The lease agreement was signed between the then ruler of

Mandi, Raja Joginder Bahadur, and Col BC Batty, a British
representative and Chief Engineer of Punjab in 1922.
• The main attraction of the hydro project is the four-stage

haulage trolley service.
• It was basically constructed for carrying construction material of

Shanan powerhouse from Jogindernagar to Barot.
• It is a unique type of trolley based on pulley system with no

engine, steering wheel or no gears or brakes.
• Since fallen on bad times, the trolley is defunct owing to poor

maintenance with tracks now covered in vegetation.
• Barot, which was not linked to a road till late 1970's, is world
famous for angling of trout fish and is the gateway to the Nargu
Wildlife Sanctuary which lies across the Uhl.
• It was agreed that the Mandi state will provide the land and
water of the Uhl, a tributary of the Beas river, in lieu of which
the state will get 500 KW free electricity.
• In the past few years, Himachal has contended that the

project should stay with it once the lease ends.
• State Chief Minister Sukhvinder Sukhu had stated

they would not allow Punjab to stake claim on the project
after the lease period.
• Sukhu had written to his Punjab counterpart Bhagwant

Mann last year and also taken up the issue with the Union
ministry of power.
• The Himachal Pradesh Government had decided not to renew or

extend the lease period of the project, and intended to take over
the project.
• Days after this letter, Mr. Sukhu met Union Minister for
Power R. K. Singh and asked for the Centre’s intervention,
indicating Himachal Pradesh’s serious pursuit of the matter.
• Briefly put, the Project in question is situated in Himachal

Pradesh and has an annual turnover of about Rs 200 crores.
Punjab claims -
• The first stage (48 MW) of the project was commissioned in

1932 and was used to feed the undivided Punjab
and Delhi before Independence.
• After partition, supply to Lahore was discontinued and its

transmission line was stopped at Verka village in Amritsar.
• During the reorganisation of states in 1966, the hydel project

was given to Punjab, as Himachal Pradesh was then a Union
Territory.
• It was allocated to the state by a central notification issued on

May 1, 1967 by the Union ministry of irrigation and
power.
• This stated that Punjab’s legal control over the project was
under the provisions of the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966
read along with the 1967 notification.
• The project originally was of 48 MW capacity, but the Punjab

government enhanced its capacity to 60 MW in 1982. Later, 50
MW more was added to make its capacity 110 MW.
• Punjab, in its suit filed in the SC, contends that it is the rightful
owner and currently holds the lawful possession.
• All assets are presently under the formative control of the state
government through the Punjab State Power Corporation
Ltd (PSPCL).
• The Himachal government has alleged that the project is in a

poor condition as Punjab is not repairing or maintaining it.
India AI Mission
• There is a plan to financially support 4,000 BTech, 400

Mtech, and 600 PhD candidates who will focus on AI in
premier educational institutions.
• Further, Data and AI Labs will be set-up in tier 2 and tier 3

cities across India to impart foundational level courses.
• The Mission will be implemented by 'IndiaAI' Independent

Business Division (IBD) under Digital India Corporation
(DIC).
National Creators Award 2024
National Creators Award –
• The awards, a groundbreaking initiative, will focus on

"Gen Z," indicating the younger generation highly engaged
with the internet and social media.
• The award is envisioned as a launchpad for using

creativity to drive positive change.
• It aims to amplify the impact of digital media on social

change, generating a noticeable and undeniable buzz.
• The Centre had opened a nomination window on its

Innovate India website from 10-29 February 2024.
• According to the data, more than 1.5 lakh nominations

and around 10 lakh votes were cast.
• The award is based on the number of votes cast to a

creator and as a result, 23 winners were selected,
including three international creators.
Eligibility Criteria –
• Age Requirement: Participants must be 18 years of age or

above at the time of nomination.
• 19 categories are open exclusively to individuals of Indian

nationality. One category is dedicated to international digital
creators.
• Content must be published on one or more of the following

digital platforms: Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, LinkedIn,
Facebook, ShareChat, Koo, Roposo, or Moj
• Content submission can be in English or any other Indian

language.
• Creators can self-nominate in a maximum of three categories.

Those nominating others can nominate in all 20 categories .
• The nomination must include links to the content on the eligible

platforms, a brief description of the content's impact, and any other
supporting reasons as required by the nomination form.
Full list of winners –
• Disruptor of the Year award: Ranveer Allahbadia (BeerBiceps)

• Best Creator in Education Category(Male & Female): Naman
Deshmukh
• Best Health and Fitness Creator: Ankit Baiyanpuria
• Best Creator in Food Category: Kabita Singh (Kabita’s Kitchen)
• Celebrity Creator of the Year: Aman Gupta
• Best Creator in Tech Category: Gaurav Chaudhary(Technical
Guruji)
• Favourite Travel Creator: Kamiya Jani

• Green Champion’ Category: Pankhti Pandey
• Best Storyteller: Keerthika Govindasamy
• Cultural Ambassador of the Year: Maithili Thakur
• Most Creative Creator Female: Shraddha Jain
• Most Creative Creator Male: RJ Raunac
• Heritage Fashion Icon Award: Jahnvi Singh
• Best Creator for Social Change Award: Jaya Kishori
• Best Micro Creator Award: Aridaman
• Best Creator in Gaming Category Award: Nishchay

• Swachhta Ambassador Award: Malhar Kalambe
• Best International Creator Award: Drew Hicks, Kili Paul, Cassandra
Mae Spittmann
• Best Nano Creator Award: Piyush Purohit
• Most Impactful Agri Creator: Lakshay Dabas
• The New India Champion Award: Abhi and Niyu
• The three international creators are Kili and Neema Paul from
Tanzania, the U.S. native Andrew Hicks, and Cassandra Mae
Spittmann from Germany.
• The National Creators Award aims to acknowledge excellence and

influence in various fields such as storytelling, social change
advocacy, environmental sustainability, education, and gaming.
• It serves as a platform to propel creativity towards fostering

positive transformations.
INS Jatayu
• Recently, The Indian Navy commissioned a new naval base,

INS Jatayu, in Lakshadweep for "better coverage of the
Indian Ocean“.
• Naval Detachment INS Jatayu was commissioned by Navy

Chief Admiral R Hari Kumar.
• INS Jatayu has been commissioned under the command of

Commandant Vrat Baghel.
INS Jatayu
INS Jatayu –
• The unit was named after the mythical creature in the epic
Ramayana who tried to stop the abduction of Sita.
• It is commissioned in Minicoy which is the southernmost end

of the Lakshadweep archipelago in the Arabian Sea.
• INS Jatayu is the second naval base in Lakshadweep after INS

Dweeprakshak in Kavaratti which was commissioned in
2012.
INS Jatayu
• The existing Naval Detachment Minicoy, which is under

the operational command of the Naval Officer-in-Charge
(Lakshadweep), will be commissioned as INS Jatayu.
• A naval detachment has administrative, logistics, and medical

facilities.
• INS Jatayu will be upgraded to a naval base with additional

infrastructure such as an airfield, housing, and personnel, after
obtaining the requisite environmental and other clearances.
INS Jatayu
• INS Jatayu will 'monitor activities of adversaries in Indian

Ocean', say sources.
• The base will enhance operational reach and facilitate the Navy's
operational effort towards anti-piracy and anti-narcotics
operations in the Arabian Sea.
• With the commissioning of INS Jatayu, the Indian Navy will add
to its strength on the western seaboard.
INS Jatayu
• The proposed airfield will enhance the Navy's capabilities by

accommodating various aircraft, including P8I maritime
reconnaissance and fighter jets.
• This extension of operational reach is in response to India

countering Chinese influence in the Indian Ocean Region.
• This has an immediate bearing at a time when India’s

relations with the Maldives have come under strain since the
election of the pro-China President Mohamed Muizzu.
INS Jatayu
MH-60R –
• Later in the day, the Navy also commissioned its first MH-60R
multi-role helicopter squadron, INAS 334 ‘Seahawks,’ at
Kochi.
• This marks a major capability boost for its rotary fleet and
enhances its anti-submarine warfare capabilities.
• The first MH-60R squadron of 48 officers and 170 men is

commanded by Captain M. Abhisheik Ram, an experimental
test pilot who has flown over 30 aircraft.
INS Jatayu
• The ceremony was marked with a scintillating fly-past by a

formation of Seahawks, and a traditional water canon salute
with four helicopters to mark the historic moment.
• India contracted 24 MH-60Rs under a $2.4 billion deal in

February 2020 through the foreign military sales programme
of the U.S. government.
INS Jatayu
• Six helicopters have been delivered so far, and the deliveries

are expected to be completed by 2025.
• Indian aircrew underwent intensive training at the Naval Air

Station, North Island, San Diego, U.S. from June 2021.
• Since July 29, 2022, when India received its first two
helicopters, the ‘Romeos’ have flown over 1,100 hours.
INS Jatayu
About Lakshadweep -
• India’s smallest Union Territory Lakshadweep is an

archipelago consisting of 36 islands with an area of 32 sq km
• The name Lakshadweep in Malayalam and Sanskrit means

‘a hundred thousand islands’.
• The capital is Kavaratti and it is also the principal town of the

UT.
INS Jatayu
• It is a uni-district Union Territory and is comprised of 12

atolls, three reefs, five submerged banks and ten
inhabited islands.
• All Islands are 220 to 440 km away from the coastal city of
Kochi in Kerala, in the emerald Arabian Sea.
• After independence in 1947, it was merged into the Madras

Presidency of India on the basis of language in 1956.
INS Jatayu
• Then in the same year (1956), Lakshadweep was given

the status of a union territory.
• Earlier it was known as Laccadive, Minicoy, and

Amindivi.
• The name of this region was changed to Lakshadweep in

1973.
INS Jatayu
• The Lakshadweep are part of a chain of coralline islands in

the Indian Ocean.
• It includes Maldives to the south, and the Chagos

archipelago farther beyond, to the south of the equator.
• Given their location in the Indian Ocean, the Lakshadweep are

of huge strategic importance to India.
INS Jatayu
• Minicoy straddles vital Sea Lines of Communications

(SLOCs) — the world’s main maritime highways.
• These includes the Eight Degree Channel (between

Minicoy and Maldives) and the Nine Degree Channel
(between Minicoy and the main cluster of Lakshadweep
islands).
• In consequence, the Lakshadweep Islands are also vulnerable

to marine pollution.
Passage:
China, which claims the self-governed island of Taiwan as part
of its territory and insists that it will be brought under Beijing’s
control, has long voiced its opposition to the pro-independence
DPP and viewed X and his running mate Hsiao Bi-khim with
deep apprehension and mistrust.
Now, China is rebuking any nation that dares to pay respect to
Lai for his victory—or even to Taiwan for its successful
democratic process.
Source: TIME
1. Who recently won the election and is set to become the President of
Taiwan?
A. Himoshi Nakamura
B. Tsai Ing Wen
C. Lai Ching-te
D. Il Trin Win
ANSWER - C
2. What is the capital of Taiwan?
A. Shanghai
B. Taipei City
C. Thimpu
D. Tainan City
ANSWER - B
3. In which year was the People’s Republic of China given the UN

status of the only legitimate Government of China?
A. 1969
B. 1971
C. 1973
D. 1990
ANSWER - B
4. Who is the current defense minister of China?
A. Sergei Shoigu
B. Wang Yi
C. Dong Jun
D. Li Shangfu
ANSWER - C
5. In which year did China get its independence?
A. 1949
B. 1942
C. 1972
D. 1958
ANSWER - A
PASSAGE: TG- clat2025material (LETS GO NLU)
A Constitution Bench headed by Chief Justice of India (CJI) D.Y. Chandrachud

on Monday unanimously upheld the Central government’s 2019 decision to
abrogate Article 370 of the Constitution which conferred special status on the
erstwhile State of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K).
Pointing out that Article 370 is a ‘temporary provision’, the Bench said that it
was enacted due to wartime conditions in the State and was meant to serve a
transitional purpose.
The Bench pronounced three verdicts – one by CJI DY Chandrachud for himself
and Justices Gavai and Surya Kant. Whereas, Justices SK Kaul and Sanjiv
Khanna have authored two separate concurring judgments.
SOURCE- The Hindu

1. Which of the following articles grant authority to the Jammu & Kashmir
legislature to delineate who qualifies as permanent residents of the state?
A. Article 370
B. Article 39C
C. Article 35A
D. Article 298
ANSWER- C
2. Article 370 was incorporated under which Particle of the Indian Constitution?
A. Part VII
B. Part IX
C. Part XXI
D. Part IXX
ANSWER- C
3. In which year was the Jammu & Kashmir Constituent Assembly dissolved?
A. 1949
B. 1951
C. 1963
D. 1957
ANSWER- D
4. The Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation (Amendment) Bill, 2023 proposes to
increase the total number of seats in the Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly
from _______ to ____________.
Fill in the blanks:
A. 101, 108
B. 107, 114
C. 86, 93
D. 91, 17
ANSWER- B
5. Who is the current Lieutenant Governor of Jammu & Kashmir?
A. Manoj Sinha
B. Radha Krishna Mathur
C. Vinay Kumar Saxena
D. Tamilisai Soundaranjan
ANSWER- A

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Shanan hydropower project

• The Supreme Court issued summons to the Himachal Pradesh

• The suit aims to restrain interference with Punjab's possession

• The court asked the parties to maintain status quo in terms of

• A Bench of Justices Abhay S. Oka and Ujjal Bhuyan, hearing

• The suit alleges that the Himachal Pradesh government is

• Article 131 provides the original jurisdiction of the Supreme

• Hydropower, or hydroelectric power, is one of the oldest and

• It generates power by using a dam or diversion structure to alter

• The Shanan hydropower is the first hydroelectric power project

• The British-era 110-MW hydel project, situated at

• The lease agreement was signed between the then ruler of

• The main attraction of the hydro project is the four-stage

• It was basically constructed for carrying construction material of

• It is a unique type of trolley based on pulley system with no

• Since fallen on bad times, the trolley is defunct owing to poor

• In the past few years, Himachal has contended that the

• State Chief Minister Sukhvinder Sukhu had stated

• Sukhu had written to his Punjab counterpart Bhagwant

• The Himachal Pradesh Government had decided not to renew or

• Briefly put, the Project in question is situated in Himachal

• The first stage (48 MW) of the project was commissioned in

• After partition, supply to Lahore was discontinued and its

• During the reorganisation of states in 1966, the hydel project

• It was allocated to the state by a central notification issued on

• The project originally was of 48 MW capacity, but the Punjab

• The Himachal government has alleged that the project is in a

• There is a plan to financially support 4,000 BTech, 400

• Further, Data and AI Labs will be set-up in tier 2 and tier 3

• The Mission will be implemented by 'IndiaAI' Independent

National Creators Award –

• The awards, a groundbreaking initiative, will focus on

• The award is envisioned as a launchpad for using

• It aims to amplify the impact of digital media on social

• The Centre had opened a nomination window on its

• According to the data, more than 1.5 lakh nominations

• The award is based on the number of votes cast to a

• Age Requirement: Participants must be 18 years of age or

• 19 categories are open exclusively to individuals of Indian

• Content must be published on one or more of the following

• Content submission can be in English or any other Indian

• Creators can self-nominate in a maximum of three categories.

• The nomination must include links to the content on the eligible

Full list of winners –

• Disruptor of the Year award: Ranveer Allahbadia (BeerBiceps)

• Favourite Travel Creator: Kamiya Jani

• Best Creator in Gaming Category Award: Nishchay

• The National Creators Award aims to acknowledge excellence and

• It serves as a platform to propel creativity towards fostering

• Recently, The Indian Navy commissioned a new naval base,

• Naval Detachment INS Jatayu was commissioned by Navy

• INS Jatayu has been commissioned under the command of

• It is commissioned in Minicoy which is the southernmost end

• INS Jatayu is the second naval base in Lakshadweep after INS

• The existing Naval Detachment Minicoy, which is under

• A naval detachment has administrative, logistics, and medical

• INS Jatayu will be upgraded to a naval base with additional

• INS Jatayu will 'monitor activities of adversaries in Indian

• The proposed airfield will enhance the Navy's capabilities by

• This extension of operational reach is in response to India

• This has an immediate bearing at a time when India’s

• The first MH-60R squadron of 48 officers and 170 men is