ELEMENTS OF

COMMUNICATION
PROCESS
 STIMULUS
Communication is a process of sending and receiving
messages. But interestingly, the process does not start with
"sending to message". To bring with a form of stimulation, the
stimulus activities the brain to bring about everything that gives
rise to actions coming from sensory nerve. We have senses of
touch, taste, smell, sight and hearing. These senses constitute
the bedrock of the actions we initiate in all forms of
communication. The stimulus, which is the reaction(s),
intention(s), condition(s) or purpose(s) that promoted the
communication encounter through conceived in the sensory of
the course, could be within or outside the source.
 SENDER
The sender is the initiator of the message. The source of a
communication could be an individual, several individuals
working together (group) or an organization. He is also called
the encoder, transmitter or source. He receives the stimuli,
puts it in transmittable symbols and then sends it to the
receiver.
The person who conveys his thoughts, message or ideas to the
receiver is known as the sender. He is at the starting point of
the communication system and represents the source of
communication.
E.g., In a classroom, a teacher is a sender.
 ENCODING
The process of converting messages into communication
symbols, which may be understood by the receiver. It
includes words, pictures, gestures, symbols, etc. Encoding
translates the internal thought of the sender into a
language which can be understandable.
 MESSAGE
The subject matter of communication is termed as
messages. It includes ideas, feelings, suggestions, order,
etc., which a sender wants to convey to the receiver.
The MESSAGE or CONTENT is the information that the
sender wants to relay to the receiver. Additional subtext
can be conveyed through body language and tone of
voice. Put all three elements together — sender, receiver,
and message — and you have the communication
process at its most basic.
 CHANNEL

The process of converting messages into communication

symbols, which may be understood by the receiver. It
includes words, pictures, gestures, symbols, etc.
Encoding translates the internal thought of the sender
into a language which can be understandable.