ST.

JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached

SIMPLIFIED COURSE PACK (SCP) FOR SELF-DIRECTED

LEARNING

Statistics and Probability

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 ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached

By 2023, a recognized professional institution providing quality,

Vision
economically accessible, and transformative education grounded on
the teachings of St. John Paul II.

Serve the nation by providing competent JPCean graduates through

quality teaching and learning, transparent governance, holistic student
Mission
services, and meaningful community-oriented researches, guided by
the ideals of St. John Paul II.
Respect
Hard Work
Perseverance
Core Values
Self-Sacrifice
Compassion
Family Attachment
Inquisitive
Ingenious
Graduate Attributes
Innovative
Inspiring
Course Code/Title SJPCS9/Statistics and Probability
At the end of the course, the students must know how to find the mean
and variance of a random variable, to apply sampling techniques and
Course Description distributions, to estimate population mean and proportion, to perform
hypothesis testing on population mean and proportion, and to perform
correlation and regression analyses on real-life problems.
Course Requirement Problem Sets
Time Frame 80 Hours (40 Hours for 1st Quarter and 40 Hours for 2nd Quarter)
Grading System DepEd Grading System (Core Subjects)
Contact Details
Instructor Charlemagne D. Biaca, LPT (09672252778)
SHS Principal Roxan Rubic-Remorosa, PhD (09463328135)

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Course Map
General Mathematics- Simplified Course Pack (SCP)

s
SCP-Topics: 1st Quarter SCP- Topics: 2nd Quarter
Statistics, Random Variables(Discrete and Test of Hypothesis(null hypothesis,
Week 1-2 alternative hypothesis, level of
Continuous. Week 8-9
significance, rejection rejection, tyes
Discrete Random Variable. Mean and of errors in hypothesis testing.)
Variance (Discrete Random Variables). Identifying the appropriate rejection
Week 3-4
Normal Disribution, Sampling and Sampling region for a given level of
Distributions(Random Sampling). significance, test-statistics, drawing
Sampling and Sampling Week10-11
conclusion about the population
Week 5-6 Distributions(Sampling Disributions), mean based on the test-statistics
Estimation of Parameters(t-distribution). value.
Formulates the appropriate null and
Week 7 1st Quarter Examination alternative hypothesis on population
mean, Central Limit Theorem,
Week 12-13 computes for the test-statistics,
drawing conclusions, solving
problems involving test of
hypothesis.

Week 14 2nd Quarter Examination

Learning Competencies
1. distinguishes between discrete and continuous
random variable, finds the values of a random
variable, illustrates a probability distribution for a 6. illustrates point and interval estimations, identifies
discrete random variable, constructs probability ma point estimator for the population mean, computes for
function of a discrete random variable and its point estimate of the population mean.
histogram and computes probabilities for a given
random variable.
7. identifies the appropriate form of the confidence
2. calculates the mean and variance of a discrete interval estimator for the population mean, constructs
random variable, solves problems involving mean and a t-distribution, identifies regions under the t-
variance of probability distributions. distribution corresponding to different t-values,
identifies percentiles using the t-table.

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8..solves problems involving confidence interval

3. constructs a normal curve, identifies regions under
estimation of the population mean, draws conclusion
the normal curve, computes probabilities and
about the population mean based on its confidence
percentiles using standard normal table.
interval estimate.
9. computes for the point estimate of the population
4. illustrates random sampling, distinguishes between proportion, computes for the confidence interval
parameter and statistics, identifies sampling estimate of the population proportion, solves problems
distributions of statistics(sample mean). involving confidence interval estimation of the
population proportion.
10. draws conclusion about the population proportion
5. define the sampling distributions of the sample
based on its confidence interval estimate, identifies
mean for normal population, illustrates the Central
the length of a confidence interval, computes for an
Limit Theorem, defines sampling distributions of
appropriate sample size using the length of the
sample mean, solves problems involving sampling
interval, solves problems involving sample size
distributions.
determination.

Welcome Aboard! At the end of this course, you will be able to know
how to find the mean and variance of random variables, to apply
sampling techniques and distributions, to estimate population mean
and proportion, to perform hypothesis testing on population mean
and proportion, and to perform correlation and regression analyses
on real-life problems. In the 1st quarter of this course, you will study
and appreciate the wide, interesting parts of random variables,
normal distributions, sampling distributions and apply it in real-life
scenarios. In the 2nd quarter of this course, you will study and
appreciate the things that are related to hypothesis and its
applications. Good luck and enjoy your learning journey on the
beauty and relevance of the statistics and probability in our daily
lives.

SCP-TOPICS: 1st Quarter

Week 1-2 Definition of Statistics & its areas. Random Variables

Lesson Title
Learning Competency
Introduction to Statistics and Random Variables
Distinguishes between discrete and continuous random
variable, finds the values of a random variable, illustrates a
probability distribution for a discrete random variable,
constructs probability ma function of a discrete random

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variable and its histogram and computes probabilities for a

given random variable.
Time Frame Mon.-Tue. (2 hours)

At SJPIICD, I Matter!
I
LEARNING NTENT!
Terms to Ponder

This section provides meaning and definition of the terminologies that are
significant for better understanding of the terms used throughout the simplified
course pack of Statistics and Probability. Having you intuitively understand words
from their use in readings or in class is the best solution to learn vocabulary. By
learning and understanding these terms, you can become more adapt at properly
using the discipline specific vocabulary and through practice acquire a better
understanding of the related concepts.
Sample Space – it is a nonempty st of all possible outcomes for any given
random experiment.
Random Variable – are functions or rules that associates every outcome of S
to a real number.
Discrete Random Variable – is a numeric variable which can only take a finite
number of real values or in other words limited to wholes numbers.
Continuous Variable – it can assume an infinite number of real values. It can
include values as small as the instrument of measurement allows.

Essential Content

Introduction and Information: Statistics is a science that involves the

efficient use of numerical data relating to the groups of individuals or trials. It is
a related to the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, including data
collection design in the form of surveys and experiments (Punzalan, 2018). A
variable is any information, attribute, characteristics, number, or quantity that
describes a person, place, event, thing, or idea which can be measured or

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Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached

counted. A variable can be qualitative or quantitative; and quantitative variables

could either be discrete or continuous (De Guzman, 2016).

Statistics

Areas of Statistics

 Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics are the statistical methods used to describe the

basic features of the data that have been collected in the study. They provide
simple summaries about the data and the measures.
Examples: Lexus LS460 owners reported 27 problems per 100 cars during
2007. The statistic 27 describes the number of problems out of every 100 cars
produced.
 Inferential Statistics

Inferential statistics are the methods used to find out something about
a population based on a sample taken from that population, also called
statistical inference or inductive statistics. Thus, we use inferential statistics to
make inferences from our data to more general conditions.
Examples: Based on the sample survey in 2001, 40.6 percent of male
school teachers in the Philippines are smokers. About 60 percent of the smokers
thought of quitting smoking and out of these, 25 percent had tried at least once.

Types of Variables

 Quantitative Variable

Quantitative variable measures or identifies based on a numerical scale.

This type of variable can be analyzed using statistical methods, that is, the values
obtained can be illustrated using diagrams such as tables, graphs and
histograms.

 Qualitative Variable

Qualitative variable is often considered to be the opposite of

quantitative variable as it describes certain types of information. In addition,
qualitative variable can include the obvious aspects such as gender, age or

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occupation and can also be in the form of pass-fail, yes-no or various other
categories.

Levels of Measurement

Scale of Characteristics Examples

measurement
1. Nominal - “most primitive” or “the Gender, colors, races, car
Level lowest” or most limited type of brands
measurement.
- Numbers or even words and
letters are used to categorized
the data.
2. Ordinal - Describes the relationship Socio-economic status,
Level within the group of items in class rank
specified orders.
- Approximate ordering of
students.
3. Interval - Includes all the features of Time periods, temperatures
Level ordinal level (classification and
direction).
- It includes the distances
between intervals.
4. Ratio - “highest” level of measurement Age, weight, height, time to
Level and has all the characteristics complete task
of interval level.
- True zero point, categories,
rank

Random Variables

Discrete Random Variable

Observations take a value based on a count from a set of distinct whole values.
Discrete variables include:

a. The number of registered cars

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Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached

b. Number of siblings in a family

:Notice that the number of cars and siblings are measured as whole units. There
can be 1, 2 or 3 cars or siblings, but not 2.7 nor 3.5 cars or siblings.

Continuous Variable

Observations can take any value between a certain set of real numbers.
Continuous variable includes:

a. The distance traveled by a vehicle

b. Exact age of a person
:Notice that these can assume infinite number of real values like 44.357…
kilometers or 24.712 years old.

Possible Values of a Random Variable

These are values which are obtained from functions that assign a real
number to each point of a sample space.

Example:

In a single tossing of two unbiased coins, construct its:

a. Sample space
b. Possible values of the outcomes
c. Probability function for getting a head

Solutions:

Sample space: {TT, HT, TH, HH} There are 4 possible outcomes.
Sample points: {0, 1, 2} ) if there is no head; 1 if there is 1 head; and 2 if both
are heads.

{
¼ ; if X = 0
2/4 ; if X = 1
Probability Function P(X) =
¼ ; if X = 2

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A Probability mass function of a discrete random variable is a function

that assigns probability to a discrete random variable exactly equal to some
value. The probability mass function is defined by the presentation of the discrete
probability distribution.

Discrete probability distribution

A discrete probability distribution is a table of values depicting the number

of occurrences or outcomes of an experiment.

From example 4, the probability distribution of getting a tail in a single

tossing of 2 unbiased coins would be:

Number of heads (x) 0 1 2

Probability P(X = x) ¼ 2/4 or ½ ¼

Histogram

A probability histogram is a histogram with possible values on the x axis,

and probabilities on the y axis.
Here is the probability histogram from an event of tossing two unbiased coins.
Probability P(X = x) = { 1/4, 2/4 or ½, ¼ }
Number of heads (x) = { 0, 1, 2}

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SELF-SUPPORT: You can click the URL Search Indicator below to help you further understand the lessons.

Search Indicator

https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/random-variables.html

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/statistics.asp

Further Readings available in SJPIICD library:

De Guzman, (2016). Statistics and Probability for Senior High School. C & E Publishing,
Inc.

Bataller, (2016). Math Avtivated: Engage Yourself and Our World. Statistics and
Probability. Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press Inc.
Punzalan, (2018). Senior High School. Statistics and Probability. Oxford.

References:
- De Guzman, (2016). Statistics and Probability for Senior High School. C &
E Publishing, Inc.

- Bataller, (2016). Math Avtivated: Engage Yourself and Our World. Statistics
and Probability. Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press Inc.
- Punzalan, (2018). Senior High School. Statistics and Probability. Oxford.

 Grant, M., (2019). Statistics – Investopedia. Retrieved from:

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/statistics.asp. Retrieved on: January
14, 2021.

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