60

6o BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2.

DIALOGUE
DIALOGUE II.
II.

A.
A. You are
You are welcome
welcome; yet,
; if you
yet, if you hadhad staid
staid somewhat
somewhat
longer,
longer, my memory
my memory wouldwould have been so
have been so much
much thethe better
better
provided for
provided for you.
you.
&B, Nay,
B. Nay, II pray
pray you
you give
give me now what
me now what youyou have
have about
about
you; for
you ; for thethe rest
rest II amam content you take
content you take what
what time
time you
you
please.
please.
A, After
A. After thethe Parliament
Parliament had had made
made the the people
people believe
believe
that the
that the exacting
exacting of ship-money was
of ship-money was unlawful,
unlawful, andand thethe
people thereby
people thereby inclined
inclined to to think it tyrannical
think it tyrannical; in
; in the
the next
next
place, to
place, to increase
increase their
their disaffection
disaffection to to his
his Majesty,
Majesty, they
they
accused him
accused him ofof aa purpose to introduce
purpose to introduce and
and authorize
authorize the
the
Roman religion
Roman religion in
in this
this kingdom: than which
kingdom than which nothing
: nothing was
was
more hateful
more hateful toto the
the people;
people not because it
not because
; it was
was erroneous
erroneous
(which -they
(which had neither
they had neither learning nor judgment
learning nor judgment enough
enough to to
examine), but
examine), but because
because they had been
they had been used
used toto hear
hear itit in-
in-
veighed against
veighed against inin the
the serrnons and discourses
sermons and discourses of of the
the
preachers whom they
preachers whom they trusted
trusted to.
to. And
And this
this was
was indeed
indeed the
the
most effectual
most effectual calumny,
calumny, to
to alienate the people's
alienate the people’s affections
affections
from him,
from him, that
that could
could be
be possibly invented.
possibly invented. The colour
The colour
they had for
they had for this
this slander
slander was, first, that
was, first, that there
there was
was one
one
Rosetti, Resident
Rosetti, Resident (at (at and
and a a little before that
little before that time)
time) from
from
the Pope,
the Pope, withwith thethe Queen;
Queen and and one
; one Mr. Mr. George
George Con,
Con,
Secretary to
Secretary to the
the Cardinal
Cardinal Francisco Barberini, nephew
Francisco Barberini, nephew toto
Pope Urban
Pope Urban VIII.
VIII., sent
, sent over, under favour
over, under favour andand protection
protection
of the
of the Queen
Queen (as (as was
was conceived)
conceived) to to draw
draw as as many
many persons
persons
of quality
of quality about
about the
the court,
court, as
as he should be
he should be able,
able, to
to reconcile
reconcile
themselves to
themselves to the
the Church
Church of Rome: with
of Rome with what
what success
: success II
cannot
cannot tell; but
tell but it
; it isis likely
likely he gained some,
he gained some, especially
especially of of
the weaker sex ; if I may say, they
the weaker sex ; if I may say, they were
were gained
gained by by him,
him,
when not
when not his
his arguments,
arguments, but but hope
hope of of favour
favour from
from the
the Queen,
Queen,
in all
in all probability
probability prevailed
prevailed upon them.
upon them.
&. In
B. In such
such aa conjuncture
conjuncture as as that
that was,
was, itit had
had perhaps
perhaps
been better they
been better they had
had notnot been sent.
been sent.
A, There
A. There waswas exception
exception taken also at
taken also at aa convent
convent of of friars-
friars-
Dialogue 2.2.
Dialogue BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 61
61

capucins inin Somerset-House,

capucins though allowed
Somerset-House, though allowed by
by the
the articles
articles
of marriage
of marriage : and it was
and it
: was reported,
reported, that
that the
the Jesuits
Jesuits also were
also were
shortly after
shortly after to be allowed
to be allowed aa convent
convent in
in Clerkenwell.
Clerkenwell. And
And
in the
in the mean
mean time, the principal
time, the principal secretary,
secretary, Sir
Sir Francis Winde-
Francis Winde-
bank, was
bank, was accused
accused forfor having
having byby his
his warrant
warrant set set at liberty
at liberty
some English
some English Jesuits,
Jesuits, that
that had
had been
been taken
taken and
and imprisoned
imprisoned
for returning
for returning into
into England after
England after banishment,
banishment, contrary to the
contrary to the
statute
statute which
which had made it
had made it capital.
capital. Also
Also the
the resort of English
resort of English
Catholics to
Catholics to the Queen’s Chapel,
the Queen's Chapel, gave
gave them
them colour to blame
colour to blame
the
the Queen
Queen herself, not only
herself, not only for
for that,
that, but
but also
also for all the
for all the
favours that
favours that had been shown
had been shown toto the
the Catholics
Catholics; in so much
in so; much
that some
that some of them did
of them did not
not stick
stick toto say
say openly, that the
openly, that the
King was
King was governed
governed byby her.
her.
B. Strange
B. injustice!
Strange injustice ! The Queen
The Queen was
was aa Catholic by
Catholic by
profession,
profession, and therefore could
and therefore could not
not but
but endeavour
endeavour toto do
do the
the
Catholics all
Catholics the good
all the good sheshe could
could: she
she had
: had not
not else been
else been
truly that
truly that which
which sheshe professed
professed toto be.
be. But itit seems
But they
seems they
meant to
meant to force her to
force her to hypocrisy,
hypocrisy, being
being hypocrites them-
hypocrites them-
selves.
selves. Can any man
Can any man think
think it
it aa crime
crime in
in aa devout lady,
devout lady,
of what
of what sect soever, to
sect soever, to seek
seek the
the favour
favour and
and benediction of
benediction of
that
that Church whereof
Church whereof she she is
is aa member
member ??
A. To
A. To give the Parliament
give the Parliament another
another colour for their
colour for their
accusation on
accusation foot, of
on foot, of thethe King
King as as toto introducing
introducing of of
Popery, there
Popery, was aa great
there was great controversy between the
controversy between Epis-
the Epis-
copal and
copal and Presbyterian clergy about
Presbyterian clergy about free-will.
free-will. The dispute
The dispute
began first
began first in the Low
in the Low Countries,
Countries, between
between Gomar
Gomar and and
Arminius, in
Arminius, in the
the time
time of
of King
King James,
James, who
who foreseeing it
foreseeing it
might trouble
might the Church
trouble the Church ofof England,
England, did
did what
what he could to
he could to
compose the
compose difference.
the difference. Aud an
And an assembly
assembly of
of divines was
divines was
thereupon got
thereupon together at
got together at Dort,
Dort, to
to which
which also
also King James
King James
sent aa divine
sent or two,
divine or two, but
but it came
it came toto nothing
nothing; the
; question
the question
was
was left
left undecided,
undecided, andand became
became aa subject
subject to be disputed
to be disputed
of in
of in the
the universities here. All
universities here. All the
the Presbyterians
Presbyterians were
were of of
the same
the same mind with Gomar
mind with Gomar: but: but aa very
very great
great many others
many others
not ; and
not ;and those were called
those were called here
here Arminians,
Arminians, who, because
who, because
the doctrine
the doctrine of free-will had
of free-will had been
been exploded
exploded as as aa Papistical
Papistical
doctrine, «nd
doctrine, because the
and because the Presbyterians
Presbyterians werewere farfar thethe
62
62 BEHEMOTA.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2.

greater number,
greater number, and already
and already in favour with
in favour with the
the people,
people, were
were
generally hated.
generally hated. It was
It was easy, therefore, for
easy, therefore, for the
the Parliament
Parliament
to make
to make that
that calumny
calumny passpass currently with the
currently with the people,
people, when
when
the Archbishop
the Archbishop of of Canterbury,
Canterbury, Dr. Dr. Laud,
Laud, was
was for
for Arminius,
Arminius,
and had
and had a a little
little before,
before, byby his
his power ecclesiastical, forbidden
power ecclesiastical, forbidden
all ministers
all ministers to to preach
preach to to the
the people
people ofof predestination
predestination ;; andand
when all
when all ministers
ministers that were gracious
that were with him,
gracious with him, and
and hoped
hoped
for any
for any Church
Church preferment,
preferment, fell to preaching
fell to preaching and and writing
writing
for free-will,
for free-will, to
to the
the uttermost
uttermost of their power,
of their power, as
as a proof
a proof of of
their ability
their ability and merit.
and merit. Besides,
Besides, theythey gavegave out,out, some
some of of
them, that
them, that thethe Archbishop
Archbishop was was in in heart
heart aa Papist
Papist; and
; and in in
case he
case he could
could effect
effect aa toleration here of
toleration here of the
the Roman
Roman religion,
religion,
was to
was to have
have aa cardinal's
cardinal’s hat: hat which
: which was was notnot only
only false,
false, but
but
also without
also without any any ground
ground at at all
all for
for a a suspicion.
suspicion.
ZB. It
B. It isis aa strange
strange thing,
thing, that scholars, obscure
that scholars, obscure men,men, andand
such as
such as could
could! receive
1
receive no no clarity but from
clarity but from the the flame
flame of of the
the
state, should
state, should be be suffered
snffered to to bring their unnecessary
bring their unnecessary disputes,
disputes,
and together
and together with with themthem their
their quarrels,
quarrels, out out of of the
the universi-
universi-
ties into
ties into the the commonwealth
commonwealth; and ; and moremore strange,
strange, that
that thethe
state should
state should engageengage in in their
their parties, and not
parties, and not rather
rather put
put them
them
both to
both to silence.
silence.
A. A
A. A state
state can can constrain
constrain obedience,
obedience, but but convince
convince no no
error, nor
error, nor alter
alter the
the minds
minds of of them
them thatthat believe
believe theythey have
have thethe
better reason.
better reason. Suppression of
Suppression doctrine does
of doctrine does but but unite
unite andand
exasperate, that is, increase both the
exasperate, that is, increase both the malice
malice and and power
power of of
them that
them that have
have already
already believed them.
believed them.
#., But
B. But whatwhat areare the points they
the points they disagree
disagree in in?? Is Is there
there
any controversy
any controversy between between Bishop
Bishop and and Presbyterian
Presbyterian concern-
concern-
ing the
ing the divinity
divinity or
or humanity
humanity of Christ? ?
of Christ Do either
Do either of
of them
them
deny the
deny the Trinity,
Trinity, or
or any article of
any article of the
the creed
creed? ? Does either
Does either
party preach
party preach openly,
openly, or write directly,
or write against justice,
directly, against justice, charity,
charity,
sobriety, or
sobriety, or any
any other
other duty
duty necessary
necessary to to salvation,
salvation, except
except
only the
only the duty
duty *we
*we owe*
owe* to
to the King; ; and
the King and not
not that
that neither,
neither,
but when
but when they
they have
have aa mind
mind either to rule
either to rule or
or destroy
destroy the
the
King? ? Lord
King Lord have
have mercy
mercy upon
upon usus! CanCan nobody
nobody be
!
be saved
saved
that understands
that understands not
not their
their disputations?
disputations ? Or is
Or is there
there more
more
obscure men
men that could.
1
obscure that could.
Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 63
63

requisite, either
requisite, either of
of faith
faith or
or honesty, for the
honesty, for the salvation
salvation of
of one
one
man than
man than of of another
another? ? What needs so
What needs so much
much preaching
preaching of of
faith to
faith us that
to us that are
are no
no heathens,
heathens, and
and that
that believe
believe already all
already all
that Christ
that Christ andand hishis apostles
apostles have told us
have told us isis necessary
necessary toto
salvation, and
salvation, and more
more too too? ? Why
Why isis there
there soso little
little preaching
preaching
of
of justice?
justice? I have
I have indeed
indeed heard righteousness often
heard righteousness often recom-
recom-
mended to
mended to the
the people,
people, butbut II have seldom heard
have seldom heard the the word
word
Justice occur
justice occur in
in their
their sermons; ; nay,
sermons though in
nay, though in the
the Latin
Latin and
and
Greek
Greek Bible Bible the the word
word justice
justice occur exceeding often,
occur exceeding often, yet yet inin
the English,
the English, thoughthough it it be
be aa word
word thatthat every
every man man understands,
understands,
the
the word righteousness (which
word righteousness (which few understand to
few understand to signify
signify thethe
same, but
same, but taketake it it rather
rather for for rightness
Tightness of of opinion,
opinion, than than of of
action
action or or intention),
intention), is is put
put in in the place of
the place of it.it.
A.
A. II confess
confess II know know very very few few controversies
controversies amongst amongst
Christians, of
Christians, of points
points necessary
necessary to to salvation.
salvation. They are
They are thethe
questions
questions of of authority
authority and and powerpower over over the the Church,
Church, or or ofof
profit, or
profit, or ofof honour
honour to to Churchmen,
Churchmen, that that for for thethe most
most part part
raise all
raise the controversies.
all the controversies. For what
For what man man is is he,
he, that will
that will
trouble himself and
trouble himself and fallfall outout withwith his his neighbours
neighbours for the
for the
saving of
saving of mymy soul,
soul, or or thethe soulsoul of of anyany otherother than than himself?
himself?
When the
When the Presbyterian
Presbyterian ministers ministers and and others
others did did so so seriously
seriously
preach sedition,
preach sedition, and and animate
animate men men to to rebellion
rebellion in’ in these
these
late wars
late wars ; who
; who was was there
there that that hadhad not not aa benefice,
benefice, or or having
having
one
one feared
feared not not to to lose
lose it, it, or
or some
some other other part part of of his
his main-
main-
tenance,
tenance, by by thethe alteration
alteration of of thethe Government,
Government, that that diddid
voluntarily, without
voluntarily, without any any eye eye to reward, preach
to reward, preach so so earnestly
earnestly
against sedition,
against sedition, as as the
the other
other party preached for
party preached for it?
it ? II con-
con-
fess, that
fess, that for for aught
aught II have have observed
observed in in history,
history, and and other
other
writings of
writings of the the heathens,
heathens, Greek Greek and and Latin, Latin, that that those
those
heathens were
heathens were not not at at allall behind
behind us us inin point
point of of virtue
virtue and and
moral duties,
moral duties, notwithstanding
notwithstanding that that we we have have had had much much
preaching, and
preaching, and theythey none
none at at all.
all. I confess
I confess also, also, thatthat con-
con-
sidering what
sidering what harmharm may may proceed
proceed from from a a libertyliberty thatthat menmen
have, upon
have, upon everyevery Sunday
Sunday and oftener, to
and oftener, to harangue
harangue all the
all the

people of
people of aa nation
nation at one
at one time, whilst the
time, whilst the state
state isis ignorant
ignorant
of what
ol they will
what they will say
say ; and
and that there is
that there
; is no
no such
such thing
thing per-
per-
mitted in
mitted in all the
all the world
world out
out of Christendom, nor
of Christendom, nor therefore
therefore
 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2.
64
64

any
any civil wars about
civil wars ; thought much
have thought
religion ; II have
about religion preach-
much preach-
ing an
ing inconvenience.
an inconvenience. Nevertheless, I cannot think
Nevertheless, I cannot that
think that
preaching to the people the points of their duty, both to
preaching to the people the points of their duty, both to
God and
God and man,
man, can
can bebe too
too frequent
frequent ; so
so it
it be
; be done
done by by grave,
grave,
discreet, and
discreet, and ancient
ancient men,
men, that
that are
are reverenced
reverenced by by the
the people
people;
and not
and not by
by light quibbling young men, whom no
light quibbling young men, whom no congrega-
congrega-
tion is
tion is so
so simple
simple asas to
to look
look to
to be
be taught
taught byby (as
(as being
being aa thing
thing
contrary to
contrary to nature),
nature), or
or to
to pay
pay them any
them any reverence,
reverence, or
or to
to
care what
care what they
they say,
say, except
except some few
some few that
that may
may bebe delighted
delighted
with their
with their jingling.
jingling. I wish
I wish with
with all
all my
my heart,
heart, there
there were
were
enough of
enough of such
such discreet
discreet and and ancient
ancient men,
men, as as might
might suffice
suffice
for all
for all thethe parishes
parishes of of England,
England, andand that
that they
they would
would under-
under-
take it.
take it. ButBut this
this is
is but
but aa wish
wish; ; II leave
leave itit to
to the
the wisdom
wisdom of of
the State
the State to to do
do what
what it it pleaseth.
pleaseth.
B. What
B. What did did they
they next
next ??
A. Whereas the
A. Whereas the KingKing had had sent
sent prisoners
prisoners intointo places
places
remote from
remote from London,
London, three three persons
persons that
that hadhad been
been con-
con-
demned for
demned for publishing
publishing seditious
seditious doctrine,
doctrine, somesome in in writing,
writing,
some in
some in public
public sermons
sermons; the ; the Parliament
Parliament (whether
(whether with with his
his
Majesty’s consent
Majesty's consent or or no,
no, II have
have forgotten),
forgotten), caused
caused them them to to
be released
be released and and to to return
return to to London
London; meaning
; meaning (I (I think)
think)
to try
to try how
how thethe people
people would
would be be pleased
pleased therewith,
therewith, and, and, byby
consequence, how
consequence, how their
their endeavours
endeavours to to draw
draw the the people's
people’s
affections from
affections from thethe King
King had had already
already prospered.
prospered. When When
these three
these three came
came through
through London,
London, it it was
was aa kind
kind ofof triumph,
triumph,
the people
the people flocking
flocking together
together to to behold
behold them,them, andand receiving
receiving
them with
them with such acclamations, and
such acclamations, and almost
almost adoration,
adoration, as as if if
they had
they had been
been letlet down
down from from heaven
heaven; insomuch
;insomuch as as the
the
Parliament was
Parliament was nownow sufficiently
sufficiently assured
assured of of aa great
great and,
and,
tumultuous party,
tumultuous party, whensoever
whensoever they they should
should have have occasion
occasion to to
use it.
use it. On On confidence
confidence whereofwhereof they they proceeded
proceeded to to their
their
next plot,
next plot, which
which waswas to to deprive
deprive the the King
King of of such
such ministers
ministers
as by their
as by their wisdom,
wisdom, courage,
courage, and and authority,
authority, theythey thought
thought
most able
most able toto prevent,
prevent, or or oppose
oppose their
their further
further designs
designs against
against
the King.
the King.—An — d first,
And first, the
the House
House of of Commons
Commons resolved resolved. to to
impeach the
impeach the Earl
Earl ofof Strafford,
Strafford, LordLord Lieutenant
Lieutenant of of Ireland,
Ireland,
high-treason.
of high-treason.
of
 ;

Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 65
65

ZB,
B, WhatWhat was was thatthat Earl Earl ofof Strafford
Strafford before before he he hadhad that
that
place? ?
place And how
And how had had he he offended
offended the the Parliament
Parliament or or given
given
them
them causecause to to think
think he he would
would be their enemy
be their enemy? ? For For JI have
have
heard that
heard that in in former
former Parliaments
Parliaments he he had had been been as as parlia-
parlia-
mentary as
mentary as any
any other.
other.
A.
A. His His namename was was Sir Sir Thomas Wentworth, aa gentleman
Thomas Wentworth, gentleman
both by
both by birth
birth and and estate
estate very considerable in
very considerable in his
his ownown
county,
county, which which was was Yorkshire
Yorkshire ; but ; but more
more considerable
considerable for for his
his
judgment in
judgment in the
the public
public affairs, not only
affairs, not only of of that
that county,
county, but but
generally
generally of of the the kingdom
kingdom; and ; and was was therefore
therefore often often chosen
chosen
for
for the Parliament, either
the Parliament, either as as aa Burgess
Burgess for for some
some borough,
borough, or or
else
else Knight
Knight of of the
the shire.
shire. For For hishis principles
principles of of politics,
politics, they
they
were the
were same that
the same that werewere generally proceeded upon
generally proceeded upon by by allall
men else
men that were
else that were thought
thought fit to be
fit to be chosen
chosen for for the Parlia-
the Parlia-
ment
ment ; which
; which are are commonly
commonly these: these : to take
to take for for the the rule
rule of of
justice and
justice and government
government the the judgments
judgments and and acts acts of of former
former
Parliaments, which
Parliaments, which are are commonly
commonly called called precedents
precedents ; to ; to
endeavour
endeavour to to keep
keep the the people
people fromfrom being being subject
subject to to extra-
extra-
parliamentary
parliamentary taxes taxes of of money,
money, and and from from being
being with with parlia-
parlia-

mentary taxes
mentary taxes too too muchmuch oppressed;
oppressed ; to preserve
to preserve to the
to the
people
people their their liberty
liberty of of body
body from
from the the arbitrary
arbitrary power power of the
of the
King
King out out ofof Parliament
Parliament ; to ; to seek redress of
seek redress of grievances.
grievances.
B.
B. WhatWhat grievances
grievances??
A.
A. The The grievances
grievances were were commonly
commonly such such as as these:
these : the
the
King’s
King's too too much
much liberality
liberality toto some favourite ; the
some favourite ; the too
too much
much
power of
power of some
some minister
minister or or officer
officer of of the
the commonwealth
commonwealth ;
the misdemeanonr
the misdemeanour of of judges,
judges, civil
civil oror spiritual;
spiritual; but but especially
especially
all unparliamentary
all unparliamentary raising raising of money upon
of money upon the the subjects.
subjects.
And commonly
And commonly of of late,
late, till
till such grievances be
such grievances be redressed,
redressed,
they refuse,
they refuse, or or atat least
least makemake great difficulty, to
great difficulty, to furnish
furnish the the
King with
King with money
money necessary
necessary for for the
the most most urgent
urgent occasions
occasions
of
of the commonwealth.
the commonwealth.
B.
B. How How then then can can aa KingKing discharge
discharge his his duty
duty as as he
he ought
ought
to do,
to do, or or the
the subject
subject know know which
which of of hishis masters
masters he he isis toto
obey?
obey? For For here here are are manifestly
manifestly two two powers,
powers, which, which, when when
they
they chance
chance to to differ,
differ, cannot
cannot bothboth be be obeyed.
obeyed.
_A.
A. Itis true; but
It is true ; but they
they have
have not not often
often differed
differed so so much
much
66
66
66 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue?..

to the danger
to the the
of the
danger of commonwealth, they have
as they
commonwealth, as in
done in
have done
this Parliament,
this Parliament, 1640.
1640. In
In all the Parliaments
all the Parliaments of of thethe latelate
King Charles before
King Charles before the the year 1640, my
year 1640, my Lord
Lord of of Strafford
Strafford
did appear
did appear in in opposition
opposition to to the King’s demands
the King's demands as as much
much as as
any man
any man; and
; and waswas for for that
that cause
cause very very much
much esteemed
esteemed and and
cried up
cried up by by the
the people
people as as aa good patriot, and
good patriot, and oneone thatthat cour-
cour-
ageously stood
ageously stood up up inin defence
defence of their liberties
of their liberties; and
; and for for thethe
same cause
same cause was was so so much
much the the more hated, when
more hated, when afterwards
afterwards
he endeavoured
he endeavoured to to maintain
maintain the the royal
royal andand just
just authority
authority of of
his Majesty.
his Majesty.
B&B. How
B. How came came he he toto change
change his mind so
his mind so much
much as as itit seems
seems
he did?
he did?
A. After
A. After thethe dissolution
dissolution of the Parliament
of the Parliament holdenholden in in the
the
year 1627
year 1627 and and 1628,1628, the the King,
King, finding
finding no no money
money to to be be
gotten from
gotten from Parliaments
Parliaments which which he was not
he was not to
to buy
buy withwith the the
blood of
blood of such
such servants
servants and and ministers
ministers as as hehe loved
loved best, best,
abstained aa long
abstained long time time fromfrom calling
calling any any more,
more, and and had had
abstained longer
abstained longer if if the
the rebellion
rebellion of of the Scots had
the Scots had not not forced
forced
him to
him to it.
it. During
During that that Parliament
Parliament the the King
King made made Sir Sir
Thomas Wentworth
Thomas Wentworth aa baron, recommended to
baron, recommended to him
him for for hishis
great ability,
great ability, which
which was was generally
generally taken notice of
taken notice of by by the the
disservice he
disservice he hadhad done done the the King
King in former Parliaments,
in former Parliaments,
but which might
but which might be be useful
useful forfor him
him in the tjmes
in the times thatthat came came
on: and
on :
and not not long
long after
after hehe made
made him him of the Council,
of the Council, and and
after that
after that again
again Lieutenant
Lieutenant of of Ireland,
Ireland, which place he
which place he dis-
dis-
charged with
charged with great
great satisfaction
satisfaction and and benefit
benefit to to hishis Majesty,
Majesty,
and continued
and continued in in that
that office,
office, till,
till, by
by the
the envy and violence
envy and violence
of the
of the Lords
Lords and
and Commons
Commons of of that
that unlucky Parliament of
unlucky Parliament of
1640,
1640, hehe died.
died. In which
In which year
year hehe was
was made general of
made general of the
the
King’s forces
King's forces against
against the
the Scots
Scots that
that then
then entered into Eng-
entered into Eng-
land,
land, and the
and the year
year before,
before, Earl
Earl of
of Strafford.
Strafford. The pacifica-
The pacifica-
tion being
tion being made,
made, and the
and the forces
forces on
on both
both sides disbanded,
sides disbanded,
and the
and the Parliament
Parliament at
at Westminster
Westminster now
now sitting, it was
sitting, it was not
not
long before
long before the
the House
House of of Commons
Commons accused
accused himhim toto the
the
House of
House of Lords
Lords of
of High-Treason.
High-Treason.
B. There
B. There was
was no
no great
great probability
probability of
of his
his being
being a a traitor
traitor
to the
to the King,
King,from whose
from whose favour
favour he
he had
had received his great-
received his great-
Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 67
67

ness,
ness, and
and fromfrom whose whose protection
protection he he was was to to expect
expect his his
safety.
safety. What was
What was the the treason
treason theythey laid
laid to to his
his charge
charge ??
A.
A. ManyMany articlesarticles were were drawn
drawn up up against
against him, him, but the
but the
sum
sum of them was
of them was contained
contained in these two
in these two: first,
: first, that
that hehe had
had
traitorously endeavoured to
traitorously endeavoured to subvert
subvert the the fundamental
fundamental laws laws
and
and government
government of of the the realm;
realm ; and in
and in stead
stead thereof
thereof to to
introduce
introduce an an arbitrary
arbitrary and and tyrannical government against
tyrannical government against
law: secondly,
law : secondly, that that he he hadhad laboured
laboured to to subvert
subvert the the rights
rights
of
of Parliaments,
Parliaments, and and the the ancient course of
ancient course of Parliamentary
Parliamentary
proceedings.
proceedings. .
B.
B. WasWas this this done
done by by him
him without
without the the knowledge
knowledge of the
of the
King?
King?
A.
A. No. No.
B.
B. Why Why then, then, if if itit were
were treason,
treason, did did not not the the King
King him-
him-
self call
self call himhim in in question
question by by his attorney? ? What
his attorney What had had thethe
House of
House of Commons
Commons to to do, without his
do, without his command,
command, to to accuse
accuse
him to
him to the
the Lords
Lords ?? They They mightmight havehave complained
complained to to the
the King,
King,
if he
if he hadhad not not known
known it it before.
before. I understand
I understand not not this
this law.
law.
A,
A. Nor Nor I. I.
B.
B. Had Had this this been
been by by any
any former statutes made
former statutes made treason
treason ??
A.
A. Not Not thatthat II everever heard heard of; of; nornor do do II understand
understand how how
anything
anything can can be be treason
treason againstagainst the the King,
King, that that thethe King,
King,
hearing and
hearing and knowing,
knowing, does does not think treason.
not think treason. But
But itit was
was
a piece
a piece of of that
that Parliament's
Parliament’s artifice,artifice, to to put
put the the wordword ¢radtor-
traitor-

ously
ously to to anyany article
article exhibited
exhibited against
against any any man man whose whose life life
they meant
they meant to to take
take away.
away.
ZB.
B. WasWas there there no no particular
particular instance
instance of action or
of action or words,
words,
out of
out of which
which they they argued
argued that that endeavour
endeavour of of his
his to to subvert
subvert the the
fundamental laws
fundamental laws of of Parliament,
Parliament, whereof whereof they they accused
accused him him ??
A.
A. Yes;
Yes they
; they said
said he he gave
gave the the KingKing counsel
counsel to to reduce
reduce
the Parliament
the Parliament to to their
their dutyduty by the Irish
by the Irish army,army, whichwhich not not
long before
long before my my Lord
Lord of of Strafford himself had
Strafford himself had causedcaused to be
to be
levied there
levied there for for the
the King's
King’s service.
service. But it
But it was
was nevernever proved:
proved
against him,
against him, thatthat he he advised
advised the the KingKing to to useuse it it against
against the the
Parliament.
Parliament.
B.
B. WhatWhat are are those
those laws laws that
that are are called
called fundamental
fundamental ??
For II understand
For understand not not how how one one law can be
law can be rnore
more fundamental
fundamental
 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2.

than another,
than another, except
except only
only that
that law of nature
law of nature that
that binds
binds us
us
all to
all to obey him,
obey him, whosoever
whosoever he be, whom
he be, whom lawfully
lawfully and
and for
for
our own
our own safety,
safety, we
we have
have promised
promised toto obey
obey; ; nor
nor any
any other
other
fundamental law
fundamental law to
to aa King,
King, but salus popult,
but salus populi, the
the safety
safety and
and
well-being of
well-being of his
his people.
people.
A. This Parliament,
A. This Parliament, inin the
the use of their
use of their words,
words, when
when they
they
accused any
accused any man,
man, never
never regarded the signification
regarded the signification of
of them,
them,
but the
but the weight
weight they
they had
had toto aggravate their accusation
aggravate their accusation to to
the ignorant
the ignorant multitude,
multitude, which
which think
think all. faults
all faults heinous
heinous that
that
are expressed
are expressed in
in heinous
heinous terms,
terms, if they
if they hatehate the person
the person
accused, as
accused, as they
they did did this
this man, not only
man, not only for
for being
being of of ‘the
the
King’s party,
King's party, but
but also
also for
for deserting
deserting thethe Parliament's
Parliament’s party
party asas
an apostate.
an apostate. a
B. II pray
B. pray you
you tell
tell me
me also
also what they meant
what they meantbyby arbitrary
arbitrary
government, which
government, which theythey seemed
seemed soso much
much to to hate
hate? ? Is
Is there
there
any governor of a people in the world that is forced to
any governor of a people in the world that is forced to
govern them,
govern them, oror forced
forced to to make this and
make this and that
that law,
law, whether
whether
he will
he will or
or no
no?? II think
think not:
not or if any
or if
: any be,
be, he
he that
that forces
forces
him does
him does certainly
certainly make
make laws,
laws, and govern arbitrarily.
and govern arbitrarily.
-A. That
'A. That is
is true
true ;; and
and the
the true meaning of
true meaning of the
the Parliament
Parliament
was, that
was, that not
not the
the King,
King, but
but they themselves, should
they themselves, have
should have
the absolute
the absolute government,
government, not only of
not only of England,
England, but
but of
of
Treland,
Ireland, and (as
and (as it
it appeared
appeared by the event)'
by the event)ofof Scotland
Scotland also.
also.
&. How
B. How thethe King
King came
came by by the government of
the government of Scotland
Scotland
and Ireland
and Ireland by by descent
descent from
from his ancestors, everybody
his ancestors, everybody can can
tell; ; but
tell but if
if the
the King
King ofof England
England and and his
his heirs
heirs should
should chance
chance
(which God
(which God forbid)
forbid) to fail, II cannct
to fail, imagine what
cannot imagine what title
title the
the
Parliament of
Parliament of England
England cancan acquire thereby to
acquire thereby to either
either of
of those
those
nations.
nations.
A. Yes
A. Yes; they
they will
; will say
say they
they had been conquered
had been conquered anciently
anciently
by the
by the English
English subjects'
subjects’ money.
money.
&. Like
B. Like enough,
enough, and
and suitable to the
suitable to the rest
rest of
of their
their impu-
impu-
dence.
dence.
A, Impudence in
A. Impudence in democratical assemblies*
democratical assemblies '*
does almost
does almost
1 After
1
After "“ dembcratical
demécratical assemblies,” here follows
assemblies," there follows in the MS.
in the MS. an
an illegible
illegible
word and
ioord and these
these further
further words:
words : ‘and generally in
" and generally in all
all assemblies,"
assemblies,” which
which
huwe been
have erased,
been erased.
Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 69
69

all that’s
all done; 'tis
that's done; ’tis the
the goddess
goddess of
of rhetoric,
rhetoric, and
and carries
carries
proof with
proof with it.
it. For what
For what ordinary
ordinary man
man will
will not, from so
not, from so
great boldness
great of affirmation,
boldness of affirmation, conclude
conclude there
there isis great
great proba-
proba-
bility in the
bility in thing affirmed
the thing affirmed? ? Upon Upon this this accusation
accusation he he waswas
brought to
brought to hishis trial
trial in in Westminster
Westminster Hall Hall before
before the the House
House
of Lords,
of Lords, and and found found guilty,guilty, and and presently
presently after declared
after declared
traitor by
traitor by aa billbill of of attainder,
attainder, that that is, is, by
by Act Act ofof Parliament.
Parliament.
#. ItIt isis aa strange
B. strange thing thing thatthat the the Lords
Lords should
should be be induced,
induced,
upon so
upon so light grounds, to
light grounds, to givegive aa sentence,
sentence, or give their
or give their
assent to
assent to a a bill,
bill, so so prejudicial
prejudicial to to themselves
themselves and and their their
posterity.
posterity.

A. ItIt was
A. was not not wellwell done,
done, and and yet, yet, as as itit seems,
seems, not not igno-igno-
rantly ; for
rantly ;for therethere is is aa clause
clause in in the the bill,
bill, that
that it should not
it should not
be taken
be hereafter for
taken hereafter for anan example,
exampke, that that isis for
for a a prejudice,
prejudice,
in the
in the like case hereafter.
like case hereafter.
&.
B. That
That is is worse
worse than than the the bill bill itself;
itself; and
and is is aa plainplain
confession that
confession that their
their sentence
sentence was was unjust
unjust. For
For what what harm harm
is there
is there in in the the examples
examples of of justjust sentences
sentences? ? Besides, Besides, if if
hereafter the
hereafter the like like case case should
should happen, happen, the the sentence
sentence is is not
not
at all
at all made
made weaker weaker by by such
such aa provision.
provision.
A.
A. Indeed
Indeed II believe believe that that the the Lords,
Lords, most most of of them,
them,
*following the
following the principles
principles-of warlike and
of warlike and savage
savage natures,natures,
envied his
envied greatness, but
his greatness, but yet*yet* were were not not of of themselves
themselves willing willing
to condemn
to condemn him him of of treason.
treason. They were
They were awed awed to to itit byby thethe
clamour of
clamour of common
common people people that that came came to Westminster,
to Westminster,
crying out,
crying out, " “ Justice,
Justice, Justice
Justice against
against the the EarlEarl of Strafford!”"
of Strafford!
The which
The which were were causedcaused to to flock
flock thither
thither by by somesome of of thethe
House of
House Commons, that
of Commons, that were were well well assured,
assured, after after the the
triumphant welcome
triumphant welcome of of Prynne,
Prynne, Burton, Burton, and Bastwick, to
and Bastwiek, to
put the
put the people
people into into tumult
tumult upon upon any any occasion
occasion they they desired.
desired.
They were
They were awed awed unto unto it it partly
partly also also by by the House of
the House of
Commons itself,
Commons itself, which
which if if it it desired
desired to to undo
undo a a Lord,
Lord, had had
no more
no more to to do do butbut to to vote
vote him him aa Delinquent.
Delinquent.
B.
B. AA delinquent;
delinquent; what what is is that?
that? AA sinner, sinner, is is it it not?
not?
Did they
Did they mean
mean to to undo
undo all all sinners
sinners ??
A.
A. By delinquent they
By delinquent they meantmeant only only aa manman to whom they
to whom they
would do
would do allall the the hurt hurt they
they could.could. But the
But the Lords
Lords did did no no
79
7o BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2.

yet,
yet, I
I think,
think, suspect they meant
suspect they to cashier
meant to whole
their whole
cashier their
House.
House.
B. It
B. It is thing the
strange thing
is aa strange House of
whole House
the whole should
Lords should
of Lords
perceive that
not perceive
not ruin of
the ruin
that the power, and
King’s power,
the King's
of the the
and the
weakening of it, was the ruin
weakening of it, was the ruin or
or weakening
weakening of
of themselves
themselves..
For they
For they could
could notnot think
think itit likely
likely that
that the
the people
people ever
ever
meant to
meant to take
take the sovereignty from
the sovereignty from the the KingKing to to give
give it it to
to
them, who
them, who werewere few few in in number,
number, and and lessless inin power
power than than so so
many Commoners, because
many Commoners, because less less beloved
beloved by by the
the people.
people.
A. But
A. But itit seems
seems not not so so strange
strange to to me.
me. For the
For the Lords,
Lords,
for their
for their personal
personal abilities,
abilities, as as they
they were
were no no less,
less, so so also
also they
they
were no
were no more
more skilful
skilful in in thethe public
public affairs,
affairs, than
than the the knights
knights
and burgesses.
and burgesses, For there
For there is is no
no reason
reason to to think,
think, thatthat ifif one
one
that is
that is to-day
to-day aa knight
knight of of thethe shire
shire inin the*
the: lower
lower House,
House, be be
to-morrow made
to-morrow made aa LordLord and and aa member
member of of the
the higher
higher House,
House,
he is
he is therefore
therefore wiser
wiser than than he he was was before.
before. They They are are all,
all, ofof
both Houses, prudent
both Houses, prudent and and able able menmen as as any
any in in thethe land,
land,
in the
in the business
business of of their
their private
private estates,
estates, which
which require
require nothing
nothing
but diligence
but diligence and and natural
natural wit wit to to govern
govern them. them, But for
But for the
the
government of
government commonwealth, neither
of aa commonwealth, neither wit, wit, nor
nor prudence,
prudence,
nor diligence, is
nor diligence, is enough,
enough, without without infallible
infallible rulesrules and and the the
true science of equity and justice.
true science of equity and justice.

B. If
B. If this
this be
be true,
true, itit is
is impossible
impossible that that anyany commonwealth
commonwealth
in the
in the world,
world, whether
whether monarchy,
monarchy, aristocracy,
aristocracy, or or democracy,
democracy,
should continue long
should continue long without
without change,
change, or or sedition
sedition tending
tending
to change,
to change, either
either of of the
the government
government or or of
of the
the governors.
governors,
A, It
A. It is
is true
true; nor;nor have
have any
any thethe greatest
greatest commonwealths
commonwealths
in the
in the world
world been
been long
long free
free from
from sedition.
sedition, The Greeks
The Greeks had had
for awhile their
for awhile their petty
petty kings,
kings, and
and thenthen by by sedition
sedition camecame toto
be petty
be petty commonwealths
commonwealths ; and and then
; then growing
growing to to be be greater
greater
commonwealths, by
commonwealths, by sedition
sedition again
again became
became monarchies
monarchies ; and and ;

all for
all for want
want of of rules
rules of of justice
justice forfor the
the common
common people people toto
take notice
take notice of;
of; which
which if if the
the people
people hadhad known
known in in the
the begin-
begin-
ning of
ning of every
every of of these
these seditions,
seditions, the the ambitious
ambitious persons
persons couldcould
never have
never have had
had the the hope
hope to to disturb
disturb their
their government
government after after
it had
it had been
been once
once settled.
settled. For For ambition
ambition can can dodo little
little without
without
hands, and
hands, and few
few hands
hands itit would
would have,
have, if if the
the common
common peoplepeople
 Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 71

were as
were as diligently
diligently instructed
instructed in in the
the true
true principles
principles of their
of their
duty,
duty, asas they
they are
are terrified
terrified and amazed by
and amazed by preachers,
preachers, with
with
fruitless
fruitless andand dangerous
dangerous doctrines concerning the
doctrines concerning the nature
nature ofof
man’s will,
man's will, and
and many
many other
other philosophical points that
philosophical points that tend not
tend not
at
at all to the
all to the salvation
salvation of
of their souls in
their souls in the
the world
world toto come, nor
come, nor
to
to their
their easeease in in this
this life,
life, but
but only
only to to the
the direction
direction towardstowards the the
clergy of
clergy of that
that duty
duty which they
which ought to
they ought to perform
perform to to the King.
the King.
B.
B. For For aught
aught II see, see, aliall the states of
the states of Christendom
Christendom will will bebe
subject
subject to to these
these fitsfits of
of rebellion,
rebellion, as as long
long as as thethe world
world lasteth.
lasteth.

A.
A. Like Like enough
enough; and
; and yet the fault
yet the fault (as
(as II have
have said) may
said) may
be easily
be mended, by
easily mended, by mending
mending the the Universities.
Universities.
B.
B. How How long long had had the the Parliament
Parliament now now sitten
sitten??
A.
A. It Jt began
began November
November the 3rd, 1640.
the 3rd, 1640. My My LordLord of Straf-
of Straf-
ford
ford was was impeached
impeached of of treason before the
treason before the Lords,
Lords, November
November
the
the 1rath, sent to
2 th, sent to thethe Tower November the
Tower November the 22 22nd,
nd, his trial
his trial
began March
began March the the 22nd,
22nd, and ended April
and ended April the the 13th.
13th. After
After
his trial
his trial he he was
was voted
voted guilty
guilty ofof high-treason
high-treason in in the
the House
House
of
of Commons,
Commons, and and after
after that in the
that in the Lords'
Lords’ House,
House, May May thethe
6th;
6th; and and on on thethe 12th
rath of of May beheaded.
May beheaded.
&.
B. GreatGreat expedition
expedition ; but
; but could
could not not the the King,King, for all
for all
that,
that, havehave savedsaved him him by by aa pardon?
pardon ?
A.
A. The The KingKing had had heardheard all that passed
all that passed at at his
his trial, and
trial, and

had declared
had declared himself himself unsatisfied concerning the
unsatisfied concerning the justice
justice of of
their sentence.
their sentence. And, II think,
And, notwithstanding the
think, notwithstanding the danger
danger
of
of hishis ownown person
person from from the the fury
fury of of the
the people,
people, and and that
that hehe
was counselled to
was counselled to give
give way way toto hishis execution,
execution, not not only
only by by
such
such as as he he most
most relied
relied on, on, but also by
but also by the
the EarlEarl of of Strafford
Strafford
himself,
himself, he he would
would have have pardoned
pardoned him, him, if if that
that could
could havehave
preserved
preserved him him against
against the the tumult raised and
tumult raised and countenanced
countenanced
by
by the Parliament itself,
the Parliament itself, for the terrifying
for the terrifying of of those they
those they
thought
thought might might favourfavour him. him. And
And yet yet the
the King
King himself
himself diddid
not
not stickstick to to confess
confess afterwards,
afterwards, that that he he had
had done done amiss,
amiss, in in
that
that he he diddid notnot rescue
rescue him. him.
ZB.
B. It Yt was
was an an argument
argument of good disposition
of good disposition in in the
the King.
King.
But
But II never never read read thatthat Augustus
Augustus Caesar Cesar acknowledged
acknowledged that that
he had
he had done done aa fault,fault, in in abandoning
abandoning Cicero Cicero to to thethe fury
fury ofof
his
his enemy
enemy AntoniusAntonius: perhaps
: perhaps because
because Cicero,Cicero, havinghaving beenbeen
72
72 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2.

of
of the to his
faction to
contrary faction
the contrary his father, had done
father, had Augustus no
done Augustus no
service at all
service at out of
all out favour to him, but only out of
of favour to him, but only out to
enmity to
of enmity
Antonius, and
Antonius, and out
out of
of love
love to the senate,
to the senate, that
that is
is indeed
indeed out
out
of love
of love to
to himself
himself that
that swayed the senate
swayed the senate ;; as
as it
it is
is very
very likely
likely
the Earl
the Earl of
of Strafford
Strafford came
came over to the
over to the King's
King’s party
party for
for his
his
own ends,
own ends, having
having been
been so
so much against the
much against the King
King in in former
former
Parliaments.
Parliaments.
A. We
A. We cannot
cannot safely
safely judge
judge of men’s intentions.
of men's intentions. But, II
But,
have observed
have observed often,
often, that
that such as seek
such as seek preferment,
preferment, by by their
their
stubbornness have
stubbornness have missed
missed of
of their
their aim
aim; ; and
and on
on the
the other
other
side, that
side, that those
those princes
princes that
that with
with preferment are
preferment are forced
forced to
to
buy the
buy the obedience
obedience ofof their
their subjects, are already,
subjects, are already, or
or must
must be
be
soon after,
soon after, in
in aa very
very weak
weak condition.
condition. For in
For in aa market
market
where honour and
where honour and power
power isis to be bought
to be bought with
with stubbornness,
stubbornness,
there will be a great many as able to buy
there will be a great many as able to buy as
as mymy Lord
Lord
Strafford was.
Strafford was.
ZB. You have
B. You have read, that
read, that when Hercules fighting
when Hercules fighting with
with the
the
Hydra, had
Hydra, had cut
cut off
off any
any one
one ofof his many heads,
his many heads, there
there still
still
arose two
arose two other
other heads in
heads in its place; and
its place and yet
;yet at
at last
last he
he cut
cut
them off
them off all.
all.
A, The
A. The story
story is
is told
told false.
false. For Hercules at
For Hercules at first
first did
did not
not
cut off
cut off those
those heads,
heads, but
but bought
bought them off; and
them off; and afterwards,
afterwards,
when he
when he saw
saw it it did
did himhim nono good,
good, then he cut
then he cut them
them off, off, and
and
got the
got the victory.
victory.
B, What
B. What did did they
they next?
next ?
A. After
A. After thethe first
first impeachment
impeachment of the Earl
of the Earl of of Strafford,
Strafford,
the House
the House of of Commons,
Commons, upon upon December
December the the 18th,
18th, accused
accused
the Archbishop
the Archbishop of of Canterbury
Canterbury also also of high-treason, that
of high-treason, that is,
is,
of design
of design to to introduce
introduce arbitrary
arbitrary government,
government, &c. &c. ; for
; for which
which
he was,
he was, February
February the the 28th,
28th, sent
sent to
to the Tower; but
the Tower; but his
his trial
trial
and execution
•and execution were were deferred
deferred aa longlong time, till January
time, till January the the
roth, 1643,
10th, 1643, f° forr tne
the entertainment
entertainment of of the Scots, that
the Scots, that were
were
come into
come into England
England to to aid
aid the
the Parliament,
Parliament.
B, Why
B. Why did did thethe Scots
Scots think there was
think there was so so much
much dangerdanger
in the
in the Archbishop
Archbishop of of Canterbury?
Canterbury ? He He waswas notnot aa man man of of
war, nor
war, nor aa man
man ableable toto bring
bring anan army
army into the field
into the field; but
; but hehe
was perhaps
Was perhaps aa very very great
great politician.
politician.
 — ;

Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 73
73

A. That
A. That did not appear
did not appear by
by any
any remarkable
remarkable event of his
event of his
counsels.
counsels. II never
never heard
heard but
but he
he was
was aa very
very honest man for
honest man for
his morals,
his morals, and
and aa very
very zealous
zealous promoter
promoter of of the Church-
the Church-
government by
government bishops, and
by bishops, and that
that desired
desired to
to have
have the service
the service
of God
of God performed,
performed, andand thethe house
house of of God
God adorned,
adorned, as as
suitable as
suitable as was possible to
was possible to the
the honour
honour wewe ought
ought toto do
do toto
the Divine
the Divine Majesty.
Majesty. But to
But to bring,
bring, as
as he
he did,
did, into the State
into the State
his
his former controversies,
former I
controversies, I mean his
mean his squabblings
squabblings in
in the
the
University about
University free-will,
about free-will, and his
and his standing
standing upon punctilios
upon punctilios
concerning the
concerning service-book and
the service-book and its
its rubrics,
rubrics, was
was not,
not, inin my
my
opinion, an
opinion, an argument
argument of of his
his sufficiency
sufficiency inin affairs
affairs of State.—
of State.
About the
About the same time they
same time they passed
passed an an act
act (which
(which thethe King
King
consented to)
consented for aa triennial
to) for triennial Parliament
Parliament ;; wherein
wherein was enacted,
was enacted,
that after
that after this present Parliament
this present Parliament there
there should
should be
be a a Parlia-
Parlia-
ment called
ment by the
called by the King
King within
within the
the space
space of of three years,
three years,
and so
and so from three years
from three years toto three
three years,
years, to to meet
meet at at West-
West-
minster upon
minster a certain
upon a certain dayday named
named in in the
the act.
act.
Z&. But
B. But what if the
what if the King
King did
did not
not call
call it,
it, finding
finding it it perhaps
perhaps
inconvenient, or
inconvenient, or hurtful
hurtful to
to the
the safety
safety or peace
osr peace ofof his people,
his people,
which
which God
God hathhath putput into
into hishis charge
charge? ? For For II dodo notnot well
well
comprehend how
comprehend how anyany sovereign
sovereign can can well
well keep
keep aa people
people in in
order when
order when his hands are
his hands are tied,
tied, or
or when
when he he hath any other
hath any other
obligation upon
obligation upon himhim than
than the the benefit
benefit of of those
those he governs ;
he governs
and at
and at this time, for
this time, for anything
anything you you havehave told me, they
told me, they
acknowledged the
acknowledged the King
King for for their
their sovereign.
sovereign.
A. II know
A. know not;
not; but but suchsuch waswas thethe act.act. And it
And it was
was
further enacted,
further enacted, thatthat if if the
the King
King did did it it not
not by his own
by his own
command, then
command, the Lord
then the Lord Chancellor
Chancellor or or the
the Lord Keeper
Lord Keeper
for the
for the time being, should
time being, should sendsend outont the
the writs
writs of
of summons
summons;
and ifif the
and the Chancellor refused, then
Chancellor refused, then the
the Sheriffs
Sheriffs of of the several
the several
counties should
counties should of of themselves,
themselves, in in their
their nextnext county-courts
county-courts
before the
before the dayday setset down
down for for the
the Parliament's
Parliament’s meeting,
meeting,
proceed to
proceed to the election of
the election of the
the members
members for
for the
the said Parlia-
said Parlia-
ment.
ment.
&. But
B. But what if the
what if the sheriffs
sheriffs refused
refused??
A,
A. II think they were
think they were to
to be
be sworn
sworn to
to it
it: but
but for that, and
for that,:and
other particulars,
other I refer
particulars, I refer you
you to
to the
the act
act.
74
74 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2.

B. To
B. To whom
whom should
should they
they be
be sworn,
sworn, when
when there
there is
is no
no
Parliament ??
Parliament
A. No
A. No doubt
doubt but
but to
to the
the King,
King, whether
whether there
there be
be aa Parlia-
Parlia-
ment sitting
ment sitting or
or no.
no.
&. Then
B. Then thethe King
King may
may release
release them
them of
of their
their oath.
oath.t 1 Be-
Be-
sides, if
sides, if the
the King,
King, upon
upon the
the refusal,
refusal, should
should fall
fall upon
upon them
them
in his
in his anger
anger; ; who shall
who shall (the
(the Parliament
Parliament not
not sitting)
sitting) protect
protect
either the
either the Chancellor
Chancellor or
or the
the sheriffs
sheriffs in
in their
their disobedience
disobedience ??
A. II pray
A. pray you
you do
do not
not ask
ask me
me any
any reason
reason of
of such
such things as
things as
I
I understand no
understand no better
better than
than you.
you. I I tell
tell you
you only
only an
an act
act
passed to
passed to that
that purpose,
purpose, and
and was
was signed
signed by
by the
the King
King in
in the
the
middle of
middle of February,
February, aa little before the
little before the Archbishop
Archbishop was
was sent
sent
to the
to the Tower.
Tower. Besides this
Besides this bill,
bill, the
the two
two Houses
Houses ofof Parlia-
Parlia-
ment agreed
ment agreed upon
upon another,
another, wherein
wherein it it was
was enacted,
enacted, that
that the
the
present Parliament
present Parliament should
should continue
continue tilltill both
both the
the Houses
Houses
did consent
did consent to
to the
the dissolution
dissolution of
of it
it; ; which
which bill
bill also
also the
the
King signed the same day he signed the warrant for
King signed the same day he signed the warrant for the
the
execution of
execution of the
the Earl
Earl of
of Strafford.
Strafford.
B. What
B. What aa great
great progress
progress made
made the
the Parliament
Parliament *towards
*towards
their ends,
their ends, or
or at
at least*
least* towards
towards the
the ends of
ends of the
the most
most seditious
seditious
Members of
Members of both
both Houses
Houses in in so
so little
little time
time! They sat
They
! sat down
down
in November,
in November, and
and nownow it
it was
was May
May; in in this
;this space
space of
of time,
time,
which is
which is but
but half
half aa year,
year, they
they wonwon fromfrom the
the King
King the
the:
adherence which
adherence which waswas due
due to to him
him fromfrom hishis people;
people; they
they
drove his
drove his faithfullest
faithfullest servants
servants from him;
from him; beheaded
beheaded the
the
Earl of
Earl of Strafford;
Strafford; imprisoned
imprisoned the
the Archbishop
Archbishop of
of Canter-
Canter-
bury
bury ; obtained
; obtained aa triennial
triennial Parliament
Parliament after
after their
their own
own disso-
disso-
lution, and aa continuance
lution, and continuance of of their
their own
own sitting
sitting as as long
long asas
they listed
they listed: which
: which last
last amounted
amounted to to aa total
total extinction
extinction of of the
the
King’s right, in
King's right, in case
case that
that such
such aa grant
grant were
were valid
valid; which
; which II
think it
think it is
is not,
not, unless
unless the
the Sovereignty
Sovereignty itself
itself be
be inin plain
plain terms
terms
renounced, which
renounced, which it
it was
was not.
not.
A, Besides,
A. Besides, they
they obtained
obtained of
of the
the King
King the
the putting
putting down
down
the Star-chamber
the Star-chamber and
and High-Commission
High-Commission Courts.
Courts.

* The
1
The words
words of
of AA: "Besides
“Besides . . . Courts,"
:. . .Courts,” have
. have been
bzen transposed
transposed to
to
a wrong place,
a wrong after "
place, after “ release
release them
them of
of their
their oath,
oath,”" in
é# the
the former
former edd.
edd.
 ;

Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 75
75

&.
B. ButBut what
what money,
money, by by way
way of of subsidy
subsidy or or otherwise,
otherwise,
did
did they grant the
they grant the King,
King, in in recompense
recompense of of all
all these
these his large
his large
concessions
concessions ??
A. None at
A. None at all;
all; but
but often promised they
often promised they would
would makemake
him
him the the most
most glorious
glorious King that ever
King that ever was
was in in England;
England;
which
which werewere words
words thatthat passed
passed well
well enough
enough forfor well
well meaning
meaning
with the
with the common
common people.
people.
ZB.
B. ButBut thethe Parliament
Parliament was contented now
was contented now? ? For For II
cannot imagine what
cannot imagine what they
they could desire more
could desire more from
from the the King,
King,
than
than hehe had
had now
now granted
granted them.
them.
A.
A. YesYes ; they
they desired
; desired thethe whole
whole andand absolute
absolute sovereignty,
sovereignty,
and
and to change the
to change the monarchical
monarchical government
government into into anan oligarchy
oligarchy ;
that
that isis to
to say,
say, to
to make
make thethe Parliament, consisting of
Parliament, consisting of aa few
few
Lords
Lords andand about
about four
four hundred Commoners, absolute
hundred Commoners, absolute in the
in the
sovereignty, for the
sovereignty, for the present,
present, and
and shortly
shortly after
after toto lay the
lay the
House
House of of Lords
Lords aside.
aside. For this was
For this was the the design
design of the
of the
Presbyterian ministers, who
Presbyterian ministers, who taking themselves to
taking themselves to be,
be, byby
divine right, the
divine right, the only
only lawful governors of
lawful governors of the Church,
the Church,
endeavoured
endeavoured to to bring
bring thethe same
same form form of of Government
Government into into
the
the civil state. And
civil state. And as as the
the spiritual
spiritual laws laws were
were to to be
be made
made
by their
by synods, so
their synods, so the
the civil
civil laws should be
laws should be made
made by the
by the
House
House of of Commons
Commons; who, ; who, as they thought,
as they thought, wouldwould no less
no less
be
be ruled
ruled by by them
them afterwards,
afterwards, than
than theythey formerly
formerly had had been
been : :

wherein they
wherein they were
were deceived,
deceived, and found themselves
and found themselves outgone
outgone
by their
by their ownown disciples,
disciples, though not in
though not in malice,
malice, yetyet in in wit.
wit.
B. What followed
B. What followed after
after this?
this ?

A.
A. In In August
August following,
following, the King supposing
the King supposing he he had now
had now
sufficiently obliged the
sufficiently obliged the Parliament
Parliament to to proceed
proceed no no further
further
against
against him,him, tooktook aa journey into Scotland,
journey into Scotland, to to satisfy his
satisfy his

subjects there, as
subjects there, as he
he had
had done here ; intending,
done here ; intending, perhaps,
perhaps, so so
to
to gain their good
gain their good wills,
wills, that in case
that in case the the Parliament
Parliament here here
should
should levylevy arms
arms against
against him, they should
him, they should not not be be aided
aided by by
the Scots:
the wherein he
Scots wherein
: he also
also was deceived.
was deceived. For though
For though theythey
seemed satisfied with
seemed satisfied with what
what he did, whereof
he did, whereof one one thing was
thing was
his giving
his giving wayway to to the
the abolition
abolition ofof episcopacy
episcopacy ; yet;
yet afterwards
afterwards
they made
they made aa league
league with with the Parliament, and
the Parliament, and for for money,
money,
when the King
when the King began
began to
to have the better
have the better of
of the
the Parliament,
Parliament,
76
76 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2.

invaded England
invaded England in
in the
the Parliament's
Parliament’s quarrel.
quarrel. But this
But this was
was
a year
a year or
or two
two after.
after.

B. Before
B. Before you you go go any any further,
further, II desire
desire to to know
know the the
ground and
ground and original
original of of that
that right,
right, which
which either
either the the House
House
of Lords,
of Lords, or or House
House of of Commons,
Commons, or or both
both together,
together, now now
pretend to.
pretend to.
A. It
A. It isis aa question
question of of things
things so so long
long past,
past, that
that they
they areare
now forgotten.
now forgotten. Nor have
Nor have we we anything
anything to to conjecture
conjecture by, by,
but the
but the records
records of of our
our own own nation,
nation, andand somesome smallsmall and and
obscure fragments
obscure fragments of of Roman
Roman histories
histories : and
:
and forfor the
the records,
records,
seeing they
seeing they are are ofof things
things done done only,
only, sometimes
sometimes justly,justly, some-
some-
times unjustly,
times unjustly, you you cancan never
never by by them
them know
know whatwhat right
right they
they
had, but
had, but onlyonly what
what right
right theythey pretended.
pretended.
B. Howsoever,
B. Howsoever, let let meme knowknow what
what light
light wewe have
have in in this
this
matter from
matter from the the Roman
Roman histories.
histories.
A. It
A. It would
would be be toptoo long,
long, andand an an useless
useless digression,
digression, to to
cite all
cite all the
the ancient
ancient authors
authors that that speak
speak of of the
the forms
forms of of those
those
commonwealths, which
commonwealths, which were were amongst
amongst our our first
first ancestors
ancestors
the Saxons and other Germans, and of other nations,
the Saxons and other Germans, and of other nations, from
from
whom we
whom we derive
derive thethe titles
titles of
of honour
honour now now inin use
use in
in Eng-
Eng-
land ;; nor
land nor will
will it
it be
be possible
possible to to derive
derive from
from them
them any any argu-
argu-
ment of
ment of right,
right, but
but only
only examples
examples of of fact,
fact, which,
which, by by the
the
ambition of
ambition of potent
potent subjects,
subjects, havehave been
been oftener
oftener unjust
unjust than
than
otherwise.
otherwise. And for
And for those
those Saxons
Saxons oror Angles,
Angles, that
that inin ancient
ancient
times by
times by several
several invasions
invasions made made themselves
themselves masters
masters of of this
this
nation, they
nation, they were
were not
not inin themselves
themselves one one body
body of of aa common-
common-
wealth, but
wealth, but only
only aa league
league of
of divers
divers petty
petty German lords
German lords andand
states, such
states, such as as waswas the
the Grecian
Grecian army army inin the
the Trojan
Trojan war,war,
without other
without other obligation
obligation thanthan that
that which
which proceeded
proceeded from from
their own
their own fearfear and
and weakness.
weakness. Nor were
Nor were those
those lords,
lords, forfor
the most
the most part,
part, the
the sovereigns
sovereigns at at home
home in in their
their own
own country,
country,
but chosen
but chosen by by the
the people
people forfor captains
captains of of the
the forces
forces they
they
brought with
brought with them.
them. And therefore
And therefore it it was
was not not without
without
equity, when
equity, when they they hadhad conquered
conquered any any part
part ofof the
the land,
land, and
and
made some
made some one one of of them
them king
king thereof,
thereof, that
that thethe rest
rest should
should
have greater
have greater privileges
privileges than
than the
the common
common peoplepeople andand soldiers
soldiers : :

amongst which
amongst which privileges,
privileges, a a rnan
man maymay easily
easily conjecture
conjecture this this
Dialogue i.
Dialogue 2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 77
77

to
to be
be one; that they
one that
; they should
should be
be made acquainted, and
made acquainted, and be
be of
of
council, with
council, with him that
him that hath
hath the sovereignty in
the sovereignty in matter
matter of
of
government, and
government, and have
have the
the greatest and most
greatest and most honourable
honourable
offices both
offices in peace
both in peace and
and war.
war. But because
But because there
there can
can bebe
no government
no where there
government where there isis more than one
more than one sovereign,
sovereign, itit
cannot be
cannot be inferred
inferred that
that they
they had
had aa right
right toto oppose
oppose the
the
King’s resolutions
King's resolutions byby force,
force, nor
nor to enjoy those
to enjoy those honours
honours and
and
places
places longer
longer than than they they should continue good
should continue good subjects.
subjects.
And we
And find that
we find that the the KingsKings of England did,
of England did, uponupon everyevery
great occasion,
great occasion, call call themthem together
together by by the
the namename of of discreet
discreet
and wise
and wise menmen of of thethe kingdom,
kingdom, and and hear hear their
their counsel,
counsel, and and
make them
make them judgesjudges of of allall causes,
causes, that that during
during their their sitting
sitting

were brought
were brought before before them. them. But
But as as he he summoned
summoned them them at at
his own
his pleasure, so
own pleasure,, so had had he he also
also everever thethe power power at at his
his
pleasure to
pleasure to dissolve
dissolve them. them. The Normans also,
The Normans also, thatthat des-
des-
cended
cended from from the the Germans,
Germans, as as we did, had
we did, had the the same
same cus-cus-
toms in
toms this particular
in this particular; and ; and by this means,
by this means, this this privilege
privilege of of
the lords
the lords to to be
be of of thethe King's
King’s great council, and
great council, and whenwhen they they
were assembled,
were assembled, to to be be the the highest
highest of of the
the King's
King’s courts courts of of
justice, continued
justice, continued still still after
after the the Conquest
Conquest to to thisthis day.
day. But
But
though there
though there be be amongst
amongst the the lords divers names
lords divers names or or titles
titles of
of
honour, yet
honour, yet theythey havehave their their privilege
privilege only only by by thethe namename of of
baron, aa name
baron, name received
received from from the ancient Gauls
the ancient Gauls ; amongst
; amongst
whom, that
whom, name signified
that name signified the the King’s
King's man, man, or or rather
rather one one ofof
his great
his great menmen: by : by which
which itit seemsseems to to me,
me, thatthat though
though they they
gave him
gave counsel when
him counsel when he he required
required it, it, yet
yet they
they had had no no right
right
to
to make
make war war uponupon him him if if he
he did
did not follow it.
not follow it.
8B.
B. When
When began began first first the the Honse
House of of Commons
Commons to to be
be part
part
of the
of the King’s
King's greatgreat council
council ??
A,
A. II do do notnot doubtdoubt but but that before the
that before the Conquest
Conquest some some
discreet
discreet men, men, and and known
known to to bebe so
so byby the
the King,
King, were were called
called
by special
by special writ writ to to bebe of of thethe same council, though
same council, thongh they they were
were
not lords
not lords ; but
; but that
that is is nothing
nothing to the House
to the House of of Commons.
Commons.
The knights
The knights of of shires
shires and and burgesses
burgesses were were never never called
called to to
Parliament, for
Parliament, for aught
aught that that II know,
know, tilltill the
the beginning
beginning of of the
the
reign of
reign Edward I.,
of Edward I., oror thethe latter end of
latter end of the
the reignreign of of Henry
Henry
III., immediately
III., immediately after after thethe misbehaviour
misbehaviour of of thethe barons;
barons; and, and,
78
78 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2.

for aught
for aught any man
any man knows,
knows, were
were called
called on purpose
on purpose to
to weaken
weaken
that
that power of
power of the
the lords,
lords, which
which they had
they had so
so freshly
freshly abused.
abused.
Before the
Before the time
time of
of Henry
Henry III., the
III., the lords
lords were
were descended,
descended,
most of
most of them,
them, from from suchsuch as as in in the
the invasions
invasions and and conquests
conquests
of the
of the Germans
Germans were were peers peers and and fellow-kings,
fellow-kings, till till one
one waswas
made king
made king of of them
them all all; ; and
and theirtheir tenants
tenants were were theirtheir sub-sub-
jects, as
jects, as itit isis this
this day
day withwith the the lords
lords of of France.
France. But after
But after
the time
the time of of Henry
Henry III., III., the the kings
kings beganbegan to to make
make lords lords in in
the place
the place of of them
them whosewhose issue issue failed,
failed, titulary
titulary only,only, without
without
the lands
the lands belonging
belonging to to their
their title
title ;; and
and byby thatthat means,
means, their their
tenants being
tenants being no no longer
longer bound bound to to serve
serve themthem in in thethe wars,
wars,
they grew
they grew every every day day lessless and and less less able
able to to make
make aa party party
against the
against the King,
King, though
though they they continued
continued still still toto be
be hishis great
great
council. And
council. And as as their
their powerpower decreased,
decreased, so so thethe power
power of of
the House
the House of of Commons
Commons increased increased; but ; but II do do notnot find
find theythey
were part
were part of of the
the King's
King’s council
council at at all,
all, nor
nor judges
judges over over other
other
men; though
men; though itit cannotcannot be be denied,
denied, but but aa King
King may may ask ask their
their
advice, as
advice, as well
well as as the
the advice
advice of of anyany other.
other. But II do
But do not
not
find that the
find that the endend of of their
their summoning
summoning was was to to give
give advice,
advice,
but only,
but only, in in case
case theythey had had any any petitions
petitions for for redress
redress of of
grievances, to
grievances, to bebe ready
ready therewith
there with them them whilst
whilst the the King
King had had hishis
great council
great council about about him. him. But neither
But neither they they nor nor the the lords
lords
could present
could present to
to the
the King,
King, as
as aa grievance,
grievance, that
that the
the King
King
took upon
took upon him
him to
to make
make the
the laws
laws; ; to
to choose
choose his
his own
own privy-
privy-
counsellors; ;
counsellors to raise
to raise money
money andand soldiers
soldiers; ; to
to defend
defend the
the
peace and
peace and honour
honour ofof the
the kingdom
kingdom ;; to to make
make captains
captains in
in his
his
army, and
army, and governors
governors of of his
his castles,
castles, whom
whom he he pleased.
pleased. For
For
this had
this had been
been toto tell
tell the
the King,
King, that
that it
it was
was oneone of
of their
their
grievances that
grievances that he
he was
was King.
King.
B. What
B. What did
did the
the Parliament
Parliament do,
do, whilst
whilst the
the King
King was
was in
in
Scotland ??
Scotland
A, The
A. The King
King went
went in
in August;
August; after which,
after which, the
the Parlia-
Parlia-
ment, September
ment, September the
the 8th,
8th, adjourned
adjourned till the
till the 20th
zoth of
of Octo-
Octo-
ber; ; and
ber and the
the King
King returned
returned in
in the
the beginning
beginning ofof December
December
following. In
following. In which
which time
time the
the most
most seditious
seditious of
of both
both Houses,
Houses,
and which
and which had
had designed
designed thethe change
change ofof government
government and and to
to
cast off
cast off monarchy
monarchy (but
(but yet
yet had
had not
not wit
wit enough
enough to
to set
set up
up any
any
 ;

Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 79
7g

other government
other in
government in its place,
its place, and consequently left
and consequently left itit to
to
the chance
the of war),
chance of war), made aa cabal
made cabal amongst
amongst themselves
themselves ;; inin
which they
which projected how,
they projected how, byby seconding
seconding one one another,
another, to to
govern the
govern House of
the House of Commons,
Commons, and invented how
and invented how to
to put
put the
the
kingdom, by
kingdom, by the
the power
power ofof that House, into
that House, into aa rebellion,
rebellion,
which they
which then called
they then called aa posture of defence
posture of defence against
against such
such
dangers from
dangers from abroad,
abroad, as
as they
they themselves should feign
themselves should feign and
and
publish. Besides,
publish. Besides, whilst
whilst the
the King was in
King was in Scotland,
Scotland, thethe
Irish Papists
Irish got together
Papists got together aa great party, with
great party, with anan intention
intention
to massacre
to the Protestants
massacre the Protestants there,
there, and had
and had laid
laid aa design
design
for
for the seizing of
the seizing of Dublin
Dublin Castle,
Castle, on on October
October 23,23, where
where
the King’s
the officers of
King's officers of the
the government
government of of that
that country
country made
made
their residence
their residence ; and
; and had
had effected it, had
effected it, had itit not
not been
been dis-
dis-

covered the night

covered the night before.
before. The manner of
The manner of the
the discovery,
discovery,
and the
and the murders
murders they they committed
committed in in the
the country
country afterwards,
afterwards,
I need
I need not tell you,
not tell you, since
since the whole story
the whole story of
of it
it is
is extant.
extant.
B.
B. JI wonder
wonder they
they did
did not
not expect and provide
expect and provide forfor aa re-
re-

bellion in
bellion Ireland, as
in Ireland, as soon as
soon they began
as they began to
to quarrel
quarrel with
with the
the
King in
King England.
in England. For was
For there any
was there any body
body soso ignorant,
ignorant, as
as
not to
not to know that the
know that the Irish
Irish Papists did long
Papists did long for
for aa change of
change of
religion there,
religion there, as
as well
well as
as the
the Presbyterians
Presbyterians in in England
England? ? Or,
Or,
that
that in
in general,
general, the Irish
the Irish nation did
nation did hate the
hate the name
name of of
subjection
subjection to England,
to England, nor
nor would longer be
would longer be quiet,
quiet, than
than
they feared
they feared an an army
army out out ofof England
England to to chastise
chastise them?
them?
What
What better time then
better time then could
could they take for
they take for their
their rebellion
rebellion
than this,
than wherein they
this, wherein they were
were encouraged,
encouraged, not not only
only byby our
our
weakness caused
weakness caused by by this
this division
division between
between the the King
King andand his
his
Parliament, but
Parliament, but also
also byby the
the example
example of of the
the Presbyterians,
Presbyterians,
both of
both the Scotch
of the Scotch andand English
English nation?
nation ? But But what
what did
did the
the
Parliament do
Parliament do upon
upon this
this occasion,
occasion, in
in the
the King's
King’s absence
absence ??
A,
A. Nothing
Nothing ; but
; but consider
consider what use they
what use they might
might makemake ofof
it to
it to their own ends
their own ends; partly,
; partly, by imputing it
by imputing it to
to the
the King’s
King's
evil
evil counsellors,
counsellors, andand partly,
partly, by by occasion thereof to
occasion thereof to demand
demand
of the
of the King
King the the power
power of of pressing and ordering
pressing and ordering soldiers
soldiers ;
which power
which whosoever has,
power whosoever has, has also, without
has also, without doubt,doubt, the
the
whole sovereignty.
whole sovereignty.
B,
B. When came the
When came the King
King back?
back ?
80
8o BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2.

A, He
A. He camecame backback the
the 25th
25th ofof November;
November; and and was
was
welcomed with
welcomed with the
the acclamations
acclamations of of the
the common
common people,
people, asas
much as
much as if
if hehe had
had been
been the
the most
most beloved
beloved of
of all
all the
the Kings
Kings
that were
that were before
before him;
him; butbut found
found not
not aa reception
reception byby the
the
Parliament, answerable
Parliament, answerable toto it.
it. They
They presently
presently began
began to
to pick
pick
new quarrels
new quarrels against
against him,
him, out
out of
of everything
everything he
he said
said to
to them.
them.
December the
December the 2nd,
2nd, the
the King
King called
called together
together both
both Houses
Houses
of Parliament,
of Parliament, andand then
then did
did only
only recommend
recommend unto
unto them
them thethe
raising of
raising of succours
succours for
for Ireland.
Ireland.
B. What
B. What quarrel
quarrel could
could they
they pick
pick out
out ofof that
that??
A. None
A. None: but :but inin order
order thereto,
thereto, as as they
they maymay pretend,
pretend,
they had
they had aa bill
bill inin agitation
agitation to to assert
assert thethe power
power of of levying
levying
and pressing
and pressing soldiers
soldiers toto the
the two
two Houses
Houses of of the
the Lords
Lords and and
Commons ;; which
Commons which waswas asas much
much as as to
to take
take fromfrom the
the King
King
the power
the power of of the
the militia,
militia, which
which is is in
in effect
effect the
tlle whole
whole sove-
sove-
reign power.
reign power. For he
For he that
that hath
hath the
the power
power of of levying
levying andand
commanding the
commanding the soldiers,
soldiers, has
has all
all other
other rights
rights of
of sovereignty
sovereignty
which he
which shall please
he shall please to to claim.
claim. TheThe King,
King, hearing
hearing ofof it,
it,
called the
called the Houses
Houses of of Parliament
Parliament together
together again,
again, on
on Decem-
Decem-
ber the
ber the 14th,
14th, and
and then
then pressed
pressed again
again the
the business
business of
of Ire-
Ire-
land (as
land (as there
there was
was need
need ;; for
for all
all this
this while
while the
the Irish
Irish were
were
murdering the
murdering the English
English inin Ireland,
Ireland, andand strengthening
strengthening them- them-
selves against
selves against the forces they
the forces they expected
expected to to come
come out out ofof
England): and
England) :and withal,
withal, told
told them
them he he took
took notice
notice of of the
the
bill in
bill in agitation
agitation for
for pressing
pressing of of soldiers,
soldiers, and
and that
that hehe was
was
contented
contented it should
it should pass
pass with
with aa salvo
salvo jure
jure both
both for
for him
him and
and
them, because
them, because the
the present
present time
time was
was unseasonable
unseasonable toto dispute
dispute
it in.
it in.

&, What
E. What waswas there
there unreasonable
unreasonable in in this
this??
A. Nothing
A. Nothing: what
: what is is unreasonable
unreasonable is is one
one question,
question, what
what
they quarrelled
they quarrelled at at isis another.
another. They quarrelled
They quarrelled at at this
this::

that his
that his Majesty
Majesty tooktook notice
notice ofof that
that bill,
bill, while
while it it was
was inin
debate in
debate in the
the House
House of of Lords,
Lords, before
before it it was
was presented
presented to to
him in
him in the
the course
course of of Parliament
Parliament ; and
; and also
also that
that he
he showed
showed
himself displeased
himself displeased withwith those
those that propounded the
that propounded the said
said bill
bill;
both which
both which theythey declared
declared to to be
be against
against the the privileges
privileges of of
Parliament, and
Parliament, and petitioned
petitioned the the King
King to to give
give them
them repara-
repara-
Dialogue 2.2.
Dialogue BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 81
81

tion against
tion those
against those by whose
by whose evil evil counsel
counsel he he was
was induced
induced to to
it, that
it, that they might receive
they might receive condigncondign punishment.
punishment.
B. This
B. was aa cruel
This was cruel proceeding.
proceeding. Do not
Do not the Kings of
the Kings of
England use
England use toto sit
sit in
in thethe Lords'
Lords’ HouseHouse when when they please? ?
they please
And was
And was not this bill
not this bill in in debate
debate then then in in the
the House
House of of Lords?
Lords?
It is
It is aa strange thing that
strange thing that aa man man should
should be be lawfully
lawfully in in thethe
company of
company men, where
of men, where he he must
must needs
needs hear hear and
and see see what
what
they say
they say and
and do,do, and
and yet yet must
must not not take
take notice
notice of it so
of it so much
much
as to
as to the
the same company; for
same company; for though
though the the King
King was was not not
at the
at the debate itself, yet
debate itself, yet it it was
was lawful
lawful forfor anyany of of the Lords to
the Lords to
make him
make him acquainted
acquainted with with it. it. Any Any one one of of the House of
the House of
Commons, though
Commons, though not not present
present at at aa proposition
proposition or debate in
or debate in
the House,
the nevertheless hearing
House, nevertheless hearing of of it it from
from some
some of of his his
fellow-members, may
fellow-members, may certainly
certainly not not onlyonly taketake notice
notice of of it,
it,
but also
but also speak
speak to to it it in in the
the House
House of of Commons:
Commons but : but to to
make the
make the King
King givegive up up hishis friends
friends and and counsellors
counsellors to to them,
them,
to be
to be put
put to death, banishment,
to death, banishment, or or imprisonment,
imprisonment, for for their
their
good-will to
good-will him, was
to him, was such such aa tyranny
tyranny over over aa king,
king, no no king
king
ever exercised
ever exercised over over any any subject
subject but but in in cases
cases of treason or
of treason or
murder, and
murder, seldom then.
and seldom then.
A.
A. Presently hereupon began
Presently hereupon began aa kind
kind of
of war
war between the
between the
pens of
pens of the Parliament and
the Parliament and those
those of
of the
the secretaries, and
secretaries, and

other able
other men that
able men that were
were with
with the
the King.
King. For upon the
For upon the
15th of
15th of December they sent
December they sent to
to the
the King
King aa paper called A
paper called 4
Remonstrance of
Remonstrance of the
the State
State ofof the
the Kingdom,
Kingdom, and with it
and with it aa
petition ;; both
petition which they
both which they caused
caused to to be
be published.
published. In
In
the remomstrance
the remomstrance they they complained
complained of of certain
certain mischievous
mischievous
designs of
designs of aa malignant
malignant party,
party, then,
then, before
before the
the beginning
beginning ofof
the Parliament,
the grown ripe
Parliament, grown ripe ;; and
and did
did set
set forth
forth what means
what means
had been
had used for
been used the preventing
for the preventing ofof itit by
by the wisdom of
the wisdom of
the Parliament;
the Parliament ;what rubs
what rubs they
they had
had found
found therein
therein ; what
what ;

course was
course was fit to
fit to be
be taken
taken for
for restoring
restoring and establishing
and establishing
the ancient
the honour, greatness,
ancient honour, greatness, and safety,
and safety, of
of the Crown and
the Crown and
nation.
nation.
And
And of these designs
of these designs the
the promoters
promoters and
and actors were (they
actors were (they
said)
said) 1.1. Jesuited Papists :
Jesuited Papists :

2.2. The bishops, and

The bishops, and that
that part
part of
of the
the clergy that cherish
clergy that cherish
7
7
 :

82
82 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2.

formality
formality as
as a support
a support of
of their
their own ecclesiastical
own ecclesiastical tyranny
tyranny
and usurpation
and usurpation :
3. Counsellors
3. Counsellors and
and courtiers, that for
courtiers, that for private
private ends
ends (they
(they
said)
said) had engaged
had engaged themselves
themselves toto further
further the
the interests
interests ofof
some foreign
some foreign princes.
princes.
B. It
B. It may
may very
very well
well be,
be, that some of
that some of the
the bishops,
bishops, andand
also some
also some of of the
the court,
court, may
may have,
have, inin pursuit
pursuit ofof their
their private
private
interest, done
interest, done something
something indiscreetly, and perhaps
indiscreetly, and perhaps wickedly.
wickedly.
Therefore
Therefore I pray
I pray you
you telltell me
me inin particular
particular what what their
their crimes
crimes
were
were : for
: for methinks
methinks the the King
King should
should not not have
have connived
connived at at
anything against
anything against his his ownown supreme authority.
supreme authority.
A. The
A. The Parliament
Parliament were were not very keen
not very keen against
against those
those that that
were for
were for the
the King, King,? they
1
they made
made no no doubt
doubt but but all
all they
they did did
was by
was by the the King'sKing’s command;
command but ; but accused
accused thereof
thereof the the
bishops, counsellors,
bishops, counsellors, and and courtiers,
courtiers, as as being
being aa more
more man- man-
nerly way
nerly way of of accusing
accusing the King himself,
the King himself, and and defaming
defaming him him
to his
to his subjects.
subjects. For the
For the truth
truth is,is, the
the charge
charge theythey brought
brought
against them
against them was was so so general
general as as not
not to to be be called
called an an accusa-
accusa-
tion, but
tion, but railing.
railing. As As first
first (they said) they
(they said) they nourished
nourished ques- ques-
tions of
tions of prerogative
prerogative and and liberty between the
liberty between the King
King and and his his
people, to
people, to the the endend that,that, seeming
seeming much much addicted
addicted to to hishis
Majesty’s service,
Majesty's service, they they might
might get themselves into
get themselves into places
places of of
greatest trust
greatest trust and and power
power in in the kingdom.
the kingdom.
#8. How
B. How could could this this bebe called
called an an accusation,
accusation, in in which
which
there is
there is no
no fact,
fact, forfor anyany accusers
accusers to to apply
apply their
their proofs
proofs to, to, oror
their witnesses.
their witnesses. For granting
For granting that these questions
that these questions of of pre-
pre-
rogative had
rogative had been been moved
moved by by them,
them, who who can can prove
prove that
that their
their
end was
end was to to gain
gain to to themselves
themselves and friends the
and friends the places
places of of trust
trust
and power
and power in in the
the kingdom
kingdom ??
A. A
A. A second
second accusation
accusation was, that they
was, that they endeavoured
endeavoured to to
suppress the
suppress the purity
purity and and power
power of religion.
of religion.
4, That
B. That is is canting.
canting. ’Tis
'Tis not in man's
not in man’s powerpower to to suppress
suppress
the power
the power of of religion.
religion.
A. They
A. They meant meant that that they
they would suppress the
would suppress the doctrine
doctrine of of
the Presbyterians
the Presbyterians ; that ; that is
is to
to say, the very
say, the very foundation
foundation of of thethe
then Parliament's
then Parliament’s treacherous
treacherous pretensions.
pretensions.
«, Keen
. Keen against
against them
them that
that were
were against the King
against the King edd.
edi. which
which has
has been
been
corrected as
corrected as above,
above, by
by the
the author's
author's
own
own hand, in the
hand, in the MS.
MS,
Dialogue
Dialogue 2.2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 83
83

A third,
A that they
third, that they cherished
cherished Arminians,
Arminians, Papists, and
Papists, and
libertines (by
libertines (by which they
which they meant
meant the
the common
common Protestants,
Protestants,
which meddle
which meddle not
not with
with disputes),
disputes), toto the
the end
end they might
they might
compose aa body
compose fit to
body fit to act
act according
according to to their
their counsels and
counsels and
resolutions,
resolutions.

A fourth,
A that they
fourth, that they endeavoured
endeavoured toto put
put the
the King upon
King upon
other courses
other courses of
of raising
raising money,
money, than
than by
by the
the ordinary way of
ordinary way of
Parliaments.
Parliaments.
Judge whether
Judge these may
whether these may be
be properly
properly called
called accusations,
accusations,
or not
or not rather spiteful reproaches
rather spiteful reproaches of
of the
the King's
King’s government.
government.
BZ. Methinks
B. this last
Methinks this last was
was aa very
very great
great fault.
fault. For what
For what
good could
good there be
could there be inin putting
putting the
the King
King upon any odd
upon any odd
course of
course of getting money, when
getting money, when thethe Parliament
Parliament was willing
was willing
to supply
to supply him, as far
him, as far as
as to
to the
the security
security of
of the
the kingdom,
kingdom, or or
to the
to the honour
honour of of the
the King,
King, should
should be be necessary
necessary ??
A. But
A. But II told
told youyou before,
before, theythey would
would give give him none, but
him none, but
with aa condition
with condition he he should
should cut cut offoff thethe heads
heads of of whom
whom they they
pleased,
pleased, how faithfully soever
how faithfully soever they they had had served
served him.
him. And And
if he
if he would have sacrificed
would have sacrificed all all his
his friends
friends to to their ambition,
their ambition,

yet they
yet they would
would have have found
found other
other excuses
excuses for for denying
denying him him
subsidies ; for
subsidies ; they were
for they were resolved
resolved to to take
take from
from him him the the
sovereign power
sovereign power to to themselves
themselves ; which; which they they could never do
could never do
without taking
without great care
taking great care that
that he he should
should have have no money at
no money at
all. In
all. In the
the next
next place,
place, they
they put put into
into the the remonstrance,
remonstrance, as as
faults of
faults them whose
of them whose counsel
counsel the the KingKing followed,
followed, all all those
those
things which
things since the
which since the beginning
beginning of of the
the King’s
King's reign
reign were were
by them
by them misliked, whether faults
misliked, whether faults or or not,
not, andand whereof
whereof they they
were not
were not able
able to to judge
judge for for want
want of of knowledge
knowledge of the causes
of the causes
and motives
and motives thatthat induced
induced the the KingKing to to dodo them,
them, andand werewere
known only
known only to to thethe King
King himself,
himself, and and suchsuch of his privy-
of his privy-
council as
council as he revealed them
he revealed them to. to.
B. But
B. But what
what werewere those
those particular
particular pretended
pretended faults?
faults ?

A, 1.1 The
A. . dissolution of
The dissolution of hishis first
first Parliament
Parliament at Oxford.
at Oxford.

2. The
2. The dissolution of his second Parliament, being in
dissolution of his second Parliament, being in the
the
second year
second year ofof his
his reign.
reign. 3. The
3. The dissolution
dissolution of his Parlia-
of his Parlia-
ment in
ment in the fourth year
the fourth year of of hishis reign.
reign. 4. 4. The fruitless
The fruitless
expedition against
expedition Calais.
against Calais. 5. The
5. peace made
The peace made with Spain,
with Spain,
84
84 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2.

whereby the
whereby the Palatine's
Palatine’s cause
cause was was deserted,
deserted, and and left
left to
to
chargeable and
chargeable and hopeless
hopeless treaties.
treaties. 6. 6. The
The sending
sending of of com-
com-
missions to
missions to raise
raise money
money by by wayway of of loan.
loan. 7. Raising
7. Raising of of
ship-money.
ship-money. 8. Enlargement
8. Enlargement of of forests,
forests, contrary
contrary to to Magna
Magna
Charta. 9.9. The
Charta. The design
design of of engrossing
engrossing all all the gunpowder
the gunpowder
into one
into one hand,
hand, and and keeping
keeping it it in
in the
the Tower
Tower of London. 10.
of London. 10.
A design
A design to bring in
to bring in the
the useuse of of brass
brass money.
money, 11. The
n. The
fines, imprisonments,
fines, stigmatizings, mutilations,
imprisonments, stigmatizings, whippings,
mutilations, whippings,
pillories, gags,
pillories, confinements, and
gags, confinements, and banishments,
banishments, by by sentence
sentence
in the
in the Court
Court of of Star-
Star-Chamber.
Chamber. 12. 12. The displacing of
The displacing of
judges.
judges. 13. Illegal acts
13. Illegal acts of of thethe Council-table.
Council-table. 14. The
14. The
arbitrary and
arbitrary illegal power
and illegal power of of thethe Earl
Earl Marshal’s
Marshal's Court. Court.
15. The
15. The abuses
abuses in in Chancery,
Chancery, Exchequer-chamber,
Exchequer-chamber, and and
Court of
Court of Wards.
Wards. 16. The
16. The selling
selling of titles of
of titles of honour,
honour, of of
judges, and
judges, serjeants’ places,
and Serjeants' places, and and other
other offices.
offices. 17. The
17. The
insolence of
insolence bishops and
of bishops and other
other clerks,
clerks, inin suspensions,
suspensions, ex- ex-
communications, deprivations,
communications, deprivations, and and degradations
degradations of of divers
divers
painful, learned
painful, learned and and pious
pious ministers.
ministers.
&.
B. Was there any
Was there any such
such ministers
ministers degraded, deprived, or
degraded, deprived, or
excommunicated ??
excommunicated
A. II cannot
A. cannot tell.tell. But But II remember
remember II have heard threat-
have heard threat-
ened divers
ened painful, unlearned
divers painful, unlearned and and seditious
seditious ministers.
ministers.
18.
18. The excess of
The excess of severity
severity of of the
the High Commission-
High Commission-
Court.
Court. 19.
19. The The preaching
preaching before before the the King against the
King against the
property of
property of thethe subject,
subject, and and forfor thethe prerogative
prerogative of of the the
King above
King above the the law.
law. And And divers
divers other
other petty quarrels they
petty quarrels they
had to
had to the
the government
government ; which; which though
though theythey were laid upon
were laid upon
this faction,
this faction, yetyet they
they knewknew they they would
would fall upon the
fall upon the KingKing
himself in
himself in the judgment of
the judgment of the
the people,
people, to to whom,
whom, by by printing,
printing,
they were
they were communicated.
communicated.
Again,
Again, after
after thethe dissolution
dissolution of of the
the Parliament
Parliament May May the the
5th, 1640,
5th, they find
1640, they find other
other faults
faults: as
: the dissolution
as the dissolution itself,itself,
the imprisoning
the imprisoning some some members
members of of both
both Houses,
Houses, a a forced
forced
loan of
loan of money attempted in
money attempted in London,
London, the the continuance
continuance of of
the Convocation,
the Convocation, when the
when the Parliament
Parliament was
was ended
ended ; and
and the
the ;

favour showed
favour to Papists
showed to Papists by
by Secretary
Secretary Windebank and others.
Windebank and others.
4.
B. Ai
All this will go
this will go current
current with
with common
common people for mis-
people for mis-
Dialogue 2.2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 85
Dialogue
85

government, and
government, and forfor faults
faults of
of the
the King,
King, though some of
though some of
them were
them misfortunes ;; and
were misfortunes and both
both the
the misfortunes
misfortunes andand the
the
misgovernment (if
misgovemment (if any
any were)
were) were
were thethe faults of the
faults of the Parlia-
Parlia-
ment; who,
ment; by denying
who, by denying to give him
to give him money,
money, did both
did both
frustrate
frustrate his
his attempts abroad, and
attempts abroad, put him
and put him upon those
upon those
extraordinary
extraordinary ways (which
ways call illegal)
they call
(which they illegal) of raising
of raising
money at
money at home.
home.
A, You
A. You see see whatwhat aa heap heap of they have
evils they
of evils raised to
have raised to
make aa show
make show of ill-government to
of ill-government to the people, which
the people, which they they
second with
second with an enumeration of
an enumeration many services
the many
of the services they have
they have
done the
done the King
King in overcoming aa great
in overcoming great manymany of of them, though
them, though
not all, and
not all, and in divers other
in divers things; and
other things; and say, though
that though
say, that
they had
they had contracted
contracted a debt to
a debt to the Scots of
the Scots 220,000/. and
of 220,000/. and
had granted
had granted six subsidies, and
six subsidies, and aa bill bill ofof poll-money
poll-money worth worth
six subsidies
six subsidies more, more, yet that God
yet that God had had so so blessed
blessed the endeav-
the endeav-
ours of
ours of this Parliament, that
this Parliament, that the kingdom was
the kingdom was a gainer by
a gainer by
it: and then
it: and follows the
then follows catalogue of
the catalogue those good
of those good things they
things they
had done
had done for for thethe KingKing and kingdom.
and kingdom. For
For the kingdom
the kingdom
they had
they done (they
had done (they said)said) these things: they
these things : they had abolished
had abolished
ship-money *which
ship-money “which cost cost the kingdom 200
the kingdom 200 thousand
thousand pounds pounds
a year* ; they
a year™ ;they had taken away
had taken away coat coat andand conduct
conduct money,money, and and
other military
other charges, which,
military charges, which, they said, amounted
they said, amounted to little
to little
less than the
less than ship-money ; that
the ship-money ; they suppressed
that they suppressed all monopo-
all monopo-
lies, which
lies, which they reckoned above
they reckoned above aa million yearly saved
million yearly saved by by
the subject ; that
the subject that they
; they had quelled living
had quelled living grievances,
grievances, mean- mean-
ing evil counsellors
ing evil counsellors and actors, by
and actors, by thethe death
death of of mymy LordLord of of
Strafford, by
Strafford, by the flight of
the flight Chancellor Finch,
of Chancellor Finch, and and of Secre-
of Secre-
tary Windebank,
tary Windebank, by by the imprisonment of
the imprisonment of the Archbishop of
the Archbishop of
Canterbury, and
Canterbury, and of Bartlet, and
Judge Bartlet,
of Judge and the impeachment of
the impeachment of
other bishops and
other bishops judges; that
and judges ; they had
that they passed a a bill
had passed bill forfor
a triennial
a Parliament, and
triennial Parliament, another for
and another for the continuance of
the continuance of
the present
the Parliament, till
present Parliament, should think
they should
till they think fitfit to dissolve
to dissolve
themselves.
themselves.
B. That
B. That is say, for
to say,
is to ever, if
for ever, they be
if they be suffered.
suffered. But the
But the
sum of
sum of all these things,
all these things, whichwhich they they had had done
done for for the kingdom,
the kingdom,
is : that they
is : that they had left it
had left it without government, without
without government, strength,
without strength,
without money,
without money, without without law, law, and without good
and without counsel,
good counsel.
 ;

86 BEHEMO
BEHEMOTH.
TH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2.

A. They reckoned,
A. They reckoned, also, down of
putting down
also, putting of the High-Com-
the High-Com-

mission,
mission, and abating of
the abating
and the power of
the power
of the of the Council-table,
the Council-table,
and of the
and of bishops and
the bishops courts; the
their courts
and their the taking ; away of
taking away of
unnecessary
unnecessary ceremonies
ceremonies in
in religion
religion ; removing
removing ; of
of ministers
ministers

from their
from their livings, that were not
livings, that were their faction,
of their
not of putting
and putting
faction, and
in “their
in places*
*their places* such as were.
such as were.
B. All
B. All this was but
this was and not
own, and
their own,
but their not the kingdom’s
the kingdom's
business.
business.
A. The
A. The good they had
good they the King,
done the
had done King, was first (they
was first (they
said) the giving of 25,000/, a month
said) the giving of 25,000/. a month for relief of
the relief
for the the
of the
counties.
northern counties.
northern
B. What need
B. What need of relief had
of relief had the northern, more
the northern, more thanthan the the
rest of
rest the counties
of the of
counties of England ??
England
A. Yes, in
A. Yes, in the northern counties
the northern counties were quartered the
were quartered the
Scotch army
Scotch which the
army which Parliament called
the Parliament called in in to oppose the
to oppose the
King, and
King, consequently their
and consequently quarter was
their quarter was toto be discharged.
be discharged.
B. True
B. True; but
; but by by the Parliament that
the Parliament called them
that called them in. in.
A. But
A. they say
But they say no no; and
; and that money was
this money
that this given to
was given to
the King,
the because he
King, because he was bound to
was bound protect his
to protect subjects.
his subjects.
B. He
B. He is is no further bound
no further bound to to that, than they
that, than give him
they give him
wherewithal to
money wherewithal
money to do This is
doit.it. This is very impudence;
great impudence
very great
to raise
to raise an against the
army against
an army King, and
the King, and withwith thatthat armyarmy
to oppress
to fellow-subjects, and
their fellow-subjects,
oppress their and then require that
then require that thethe
King should
King relieve them,
should relieve them, that that is is to say, be
to say, be at at thethe
charge of
charge paying the
of paying the armyarmy that that was raised to
was raised to fight against
fight against
him.
him.
A. Nay,
A. further; they
Nay, further; they put put to to the acconnt the
King’s account
the King's the
300,000/. given
300,000/. given to to the without which
Scots, without
the Scots, which they would not
they would not
have invaded
have England ; besides
invaded England ; besides many things, that
other things,
many other that II
now remember
now remember not. not.
B. I1 did
&. did not there had
think there
not think been so
had been so great impudence
great impudence
and villainy
and villainy in mankind.
in mankind.
A, You have
A. You have not observed the
not observed long enough
world long
the world enough to to see all
see all
that’s ill.
that's ill. Such was
Such was their remonstrance, as
their remonstrance, told
have told
as II have
you. With
you. With it they sent
it they containing three
petition, containing
sent aa petition, points :
three points :

1. That
1. That his would deprive
Majesty would
his Majesty deprive the bishops of
the bishops their
of their
votes in
votes Parliament, and
in Parliament, remove such
and remove oppressions in
such oppressions in
 Dialogue
Dialogue 2.2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 87
87

religion,
religion,church-government, and discipline,
church-government, and discipline, as
as they
they had
had
brought in
brought in; 2.
2. That
That he
he would
; would remove
remove from
from his council all
his council all
such as
such as should promote the
should promote the people's
people’s grievances,
grievances, and
and em-em-
ploy in
ploy in his great and
his great and public
public affairs,
affairs, such
such “persons* as the
*persons* as the
Parliament should
Parliament should confide
confide inin; ; 3.
3. That
That hehe would not give
would not give
away the
away the lands escheated to
lands escheated to the
the Crown
Crown by
by the rebellion in
the rebellion in
Treland.
Ireland.
B.
B. This last point,
This last point, methinks,
methinks, was was not not wisely
wisely put put in in atat
this time:
this time itit should
: should have have been
been reserved
reserved till till they
they hadhad sub- sub-
dued the
dued the rebels, against whom
rebels, against whom there there werewere yetyet no forces sent
no forces sent
over. "Tis
over. 'Tis like selling the
like selling the lion's
lion’s skin
skin before
before theythey hadhad killed
killed
him.
him. But
But what
what answeranswer was was mademade to to the
the other
other two two pro- pro-
positions ??
positions
A,
A. What answer should
What answer should be be made,
made, but but aa denial?
denial ? About About
the same
the same time
time the the King
King himself
himself exhibited
exhibited articles against
articles against

six persons
six persons of the Parliament,
of the Parliament, five five whereof
whereof were were of of the
the House
House
of Commons
of Commons and and one one ofof the
the House
House of of Lords,
Lords, accusing
accusing them them
of high-treason
of high-treason ; and ;and upon
upon thethe 4th4th of of January,
January, went went himself
himself
to the House
to the House of of Commons
Commons to to demand
demand those those five
five ofof them.
them.
But private
But notice having
private notice having beenbeen givengiven by by some treacherous
some treacherous
person about
person about the the King,
King, they
they hadhad absented
absented themselves
themselves ; and ; and
by that
by that means frustrated his
means frustrated his Majesty's
Majesty’s intention.
intention. And after
And after
he was
he was gone, the House
gone, the House making
making aa heinous
heinous maitter
matter of of it,
it, and
and
a high
a high breach
breach of of their
their privileges,
privileges, adjourned
adjourned themselves
themselves into into
London, there
London, there to to sit
sit as
as aa general
general committee, pretending
committee, pretending
they were
they were not safe at
not safe at Westminster
Westminster: for : for the
the King,
King, whenwhen he he
went to
went to the
the House
House to to demand
demand those those persons,
persons, had somewhat
had somewhat
more attendance
more with him
attendance with him (but
(but not
not otherwise armed than
otherwise armed than
his servants used
his servants used to
to be)
be) than
than he
he ordinarily
ordinarily had.
had. And would
And would
not be
not be pacified, though the
pacified, though the King
King did
did afterwards waive the
afterwards waive the
prosecution of
prosecution those persons,
of those persons, unless
unless he
he would
would also discover
also discover
to
to them those
them that gave
those that gave him
him counsel
counsel to
to go
go in that manner
in that manner
to the
to the Parliament
Parliament House, to
House, to the
the end
end they
they might receive
might receive
condign punishment,
condign which was
punishment; which was the
the word
word they used instead
they used instead
of cruelty.
of cruelty.

BZ.
B. This
This was
was aa harsh
harsh demand.
demand. Was itit not
Was enough that
not enough that
the
the King should
King forbear his
should forbear his enemies,
enemies, but
but that
that he must also
he must also
 ;;

88
88 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2.

betray his
betray friends? ?
his friends If they
If they thus
thus tyrannize
tyrannize over the King
over the King
before
before they have gotten
they have gotten thethe sovereign
sovereign power into their
power into their
hands, how
hands, how willwill they
they tyrannize
tyrannize over
over their
their fellow-subjects
fellow-subjects
when they
when they have gotten it
have gotten it??
A. So as
A. So they did.
as they did.
B. How
B. How longlong stayed
stayed that
that committee
committee inin London?
London ?
A. Not
A. Not above
above two two or
or three
three days
days ; and
and then were brought
then were
; brought
from London
from London to to the
the Parliament
Parliament House
House byby water
water inin great
great
triumph, guarded
triumph, with aa tumultuous
guarded with tumultuous number
number of armed men,
of armed men,
there to
there to sit
sit inin security
security in in despite
despite of of the
the King,
King, and and makemake
traitorous acts
traitorous against him,
acts against him, such
such and as
and as many
many as as they
they listed
listed;
and under
and under favourfavour of of these tumults, to
these tumults, to frighten
frighten away away from from
the House
the House of of Peers
Peers all all such
such as as were
were not not of their faction.
of their faction.
For at
For at this
this time
time thethe rabble
rabble *of *of people*
people* were were so insolent, that
so insolent, that
scarce any
scarce any of the bishops
of the bishops durst durst go go to to the
the House
House for for fear
fear
of violence
of violence upon upon their their persons;
persons; in in so so much
much as as twelve
twelve of of
them excused
them themselves of
excused themselves of coming
coming thither,
thither, andand by by way
way of of
petition to
petition to thethe King,
King, remonstrated
remonstrated that that they
they were
were not not per-per-
mitted to
mitted to go quietly to
go quietly to the
the performance
performance of of that duty, and
that duty, and
protesting against
protesting against all all determinations,
determinations, as of none
as of effect, that
none effect, that
should pass
should pass in in the
the Houseof
House of Lordsduring
Lords during their forced absence.
theirforced absence.
Which the
Which the House
House of of Commons
Commons taking taking hold hold of, sent to
of, sent to the
the
Peers one
Peers one of their members,
of their members, to to accuse
accuse them them of high-treason.
of high-treason.
Whereupon ten
Whereupon ten ofof them
them were were sentsent to to the
the Tower
Tower ; after
; after which
which
time there
time there werewere no no moremore wordswords of of their
their high-treason;
high-treason but ; but
there passed
there passed aa bill, bill, by by which
which they they werewere deprived
deprived of of their
their
votes
votes in in Parliament;
Parliament and ; and to to this
this billbill they
they got
got the the King's
King’s
assent.
assent. And,
And, in in thethe beginning
beginning of of September
September after, after, theythey
voted that
voted that the the bishops
bishops should should havehave no no more
more to to do do in in thethe
government of
government of the
the Church
Church; but ; but to to this
this they had not
they had not the the
King’s assent,
King's assent, the the warwar being
being now now begun.
begun.
B.
B. What
What made made the the Parliament
Parliament so so averse
averse to episcopacy ;
to episcopacy
and especially
and especially the the HouseHouse of of Lords,
Lords, whereof
whereof the the bishops
bishops
were members?
were members ? For For II see see no no reason
reason why why they should do
they should do
it to
it to gratify
gratify aa number
number of of poor
poor parish
parish priests
priests that were Pres-
that were Pres-
byterians, and
byterians, and that that were were nevernever likelylikely any any wayway to to serve
serve
the Lords;
the Lords; but, but, on on the the contrary,
contrary, to to do do their best to
their best to pull
pull
Dialogue 2.
Dialogues. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 89
89

down their
down power, and
their power, and subject
subject them them to to their synods and
their synods and
classes.
classes.

A.
A. ForFor the Lords, very
the Lords, very few few of of them
them did did perceive
perceive the the
intentions of
intentions the Presbyterians;
of the Presbyterians; and, and, besides
besides that,that, they they
durst not
durst not (I(I believe)
believe) opposeoppose the the Lower
Lower House. House.
B. But
B. But why why werewere the the Lower
Lower House House so so earnest against
earnest against
them ?
them?
A. Because
A. Because they they meantmeant to to make
make use use of of their tenets, and
their tenets, and
with pretended
with pretended sanctity sanctity to to make
make the the KingKing and and his his party
party
odious to
odious to the people, by
the people, by whose
whose help help theythey were
were to to set set up up
democracy, and
democracy, depose the
and depose the King,King, or or toto let
let him
him have have the the
title only
title only so so long
long as as he he should
should act act forfor their
their purposes.
purposes. But
But
not only
not only thethe Parliament,
Parliament, but but in in aa manner
manner all all the people of
the people of
England, were
England, their enemies,
were their enemies, upon upon the the account
account of of their
their be- be-
haviour, as
haviour, as being
being (they(they said)said) too too imperious.
imperious. *[For
*[For indeed indeed
the most
the most of of them
them so so carried
carried themselves,
themselves, as as if
if they owed their
they owed their
greatness not
greatness not toto the
the King's
King’s favourfavour and and to to hishis letters patent,
letters patent,

which gives
which gives them
them their their authority,
authority, but but to to the
the merit
merit of of their
their
(own ?)?) conceived
(own conceived (wit (wit and and?)?) learning
learning (and (and had had ?) ?) no no less
less
care of
care the praises
of the praises of of each
each other,other, thanthan they they showed
showed irrita- irrita-
bility to
bility to defend
defend the the dignity
dignity of of their
their jurisdiction
jurisdiction and and of of their
their
office, being
office, being ever highly offended
ever highly offended with with those
those that dissented
that dissented
from their
from their spirit
spirit or or their
their ideasideas; (and
; (and consequently?)
consequently ?) ... . . .

they were
they were reputed
reputed a a little
little tootoo diligent
diligent in in making
making the the best best of of
themselves.]*
themselves.]* This was
This was all all that
that waswas colourably
colourably laid laid to to their
their
charge.
charge. The
The main main cause cause of of pulling
pulling them them down, down, was was the the
envy of
envy of the
the Presbyterians,
Presbyterians, that that incensed
incensed the the people against
people against
them, and
them, and against episcopacy itself.
against episcopacy itself.
2B. How
B. How would would the the Presbyterians
Presbyterians have have the the Church
Church to to bebe
governed ??
governed
A,
A. By By national
national and and provincial
provincial synods. synods.
&.
B. Is Is not this to
not this to makemake the the national
national assembly
assembly an an arch-
arch-
bishop, and
bishop, and the provincial assemblies
the provincial assemblies so so many
many bishops?
bishops ?
A. Yes;
A. Yes; but every minister
but every minister shall shall havehave the delight of
the delight of
sharing in.the
sharing government, and
in the government,
.
and consequently
consequently of being able
of being able
to be
to be revenged
revenged on on those
those thatthat do do notnot admire
admire their their learning
learning and and
help to fill their purses, and win to their service those that
help to fill their purses, and win to their service those that do.do.
 ;;

go
go BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2.

&.
B. It is aa hard
It is hard case,
case, that
that there
there should
should be two factions
be two factions to to
trouble the
trouble the commonwealth, without
commonwealth, without any
any interest
interest inin it
it of
of
their own,
their other than
own, other than every
every particular
particular man
man may have ; and
may have and ;

that their quarrel should be

that their quarrel should be only
only about
about opinions, that is,
opinions, that is,
about
about who has the
who has the mostmost learning
learning ; as
; as if
if their learning ought
their learning ought
to be
to be the
the rule of governing
rule of governing all
all the
the world.
world. What
What is is itit they
they
are learned
are learned in in?? Is Is itit politics
politics andand rules
rules of
of state?
state ? I know,
I know,
it isis called
it divinity ; but
called divinity ; but II hear hear almost
almost nothing preached
nothing preached
but matter
but matter ofof philosophy.
philosophy. For religion
For religion inin itself admits no
itself admits no
controversy.
controversy. It is
It is aa law
law of of the
the kingdom,
kingdom, and ought not
and ought not to to
be disputed.
be disputed. I do
I do not not think
think theythey pretend
pretend to to speak
speak with with
God and
God know his
and know his will
will by by anyany other
other way
way than reading the
than reading the
Scriptures, which
Scriptures, which we we also
also do.do.
A.
A. Yes, some of
Yes, some of them
them do, do, and
and give
give themselves
themselves out out forfor
prophets by
prophets extraordinary inspiration.
by extraordinary inspiration. But
But the rest pretend
the rest pretend
only (for
only their advancement
(for their advancement to to benefices
benefices and charge of
and charge of
souls) aa greater
souls) skill in
greater skill in the
the Scriptures
Scriptures than than other men have,
other men have,
by reason
by reason of their breeding
of their breeding in in the
the Universities,
Universities, and and know-
know-
ledge there
ledge gotten of
there gotten of the
the Latin
Latin tongue,
tongue, and some also
and some also of of
the Greek
the Greek andand Hebrew
Hebrew tongues, tongues, wherein
wherein the Scripture was
the Scripture was
written; besides
written ; besides their their knowledge
knowledge of of natural philosophy,
natural philosophy,
which isis there
which publicly taught.
there publicly taught.
Z&.
B. As As for the Latin,
for the Latin, Greek,
Greek, andand Hebrew
Hebrew tongues,
tongues, it it was
was
once
once (to
(to the detection of
the detection of Roman
Roman fraud,
fraud, and to the
and to the ejection
ejection
of the
of the Romish
Romish power)power) veryvery profitable,
profitable, oror rather necessary ;
rather necessary
but
but nownow that is done,
that is done, andand wewe have
have the
the Scripture
Scripture inin English,
English,
and preaching
and preaching in in English,
English, II see see no
no great
great need
need of of Greek,
Greek,
Latin, and
Latin, Hebrew.
and Hebrew. I should
I should think
think myself
myself better qualified
better qualified
by understanding
by understanding well well the the languages
languages of of our neighbours,
our neighbours,
French, Dutch,
French, Dutch, andand Spanish. —
Spanish.—I I think
think itit was
was never
never seen
seen inin
the world,
the world, before
before thethe power
power of of popes
popes was
was set
set up, that philo-
up, that philo-
sophy was
sophy was much conducing to
much conducing to power
power inin aa commonwealth.
commonwealth.
BZ. But
B. philosophy, together
But philosophy, together with
with divinity, have very
divinity, have very
much conduced
much conduced to to the
the advancement
advancement of of the
the professors thereof
professors thereof
to places
to places of greatest authority,
of greatest authority, next
next to
to the
the authority of kings
authority of kings
themselves, in
themselves, in most
most of of the
the ancient
ancient kingdoms
kingdoms of of the
the world
world;
as isis manifestly
as manifestly toto be
be seen
seen in
in the
the history
history ofof those times.
those times.
 Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Or
91

&. II pray
B. pray you cite me
you cite me some
some of
of the
the authors
authors and places.
and places.
A, First, what
A. First, were the
what were the Druids
Druids of of old
old time
time in Britanny
in Britanny
and France
and France? ? WhatWhat authority
authority these
these had
had you
you may
may see see in
in
Cesar, Strabo,
Caesar, Strabo, and and others,
others, andand especially
especially in Diodorus
in Diodorus
Siculus, the
Siculus, the greatest antiquary perhaps
greatest antiquary perhaps that
that ever was ;; who
ever was who
speaking of
speaking of the Druids (whom
the Druids (whom hehe calls
calls Sarovides) in France,
Sarovides) in France,
says thus
says thus :—-“" There
:
—
Zhere bebe also
also amongst
amongst them
them certain
certain philosophers
philosophers
and theologians,
and that are
theologians, that are exceedingly
exceedingly honoured,
honoured, whom they also
whom they also
use as
use as prophets.
prophets. These men,
Tliese men, byby their
their skill
skill in
in augury and
augury and
tnspection into
inspection the bowels
into t/ie bowels of of beasts
beasts sacrificed,
sacrificed, foretell what is
foretell what ts
to come,
to come, and
and have
have thethe multitude
multitude obedient
obedient toto them.”
them." And And aa
little after—“
little after —
" /¢ zs aa custom
It is custom amongst
amongst them,
them, that
that no man may
no man may
sacrifice without
sacrifice without a a philosopher
philosopher ;; because because (say (say they) men ought
they) men ought
not to
not to present
present their thanks to
their thanks to the
the Gods,
Gods, but
but by
by them that
them that know
know
the divine
the divine nature,
nature, and and are ave as as it
tt were
were of of the
the same language
same language
with them
with them ;; and that all
and that all good
good things
things oughtought by by such
such asas these
these toto
be prayed
be prayed for.”for."
B. II can
B. can hardly believe that
hardly believe that thosethose DruidsDruids werewere veryvery
skilful, either
skilful, either in natural philosophy,
in natural philosophy, or or moral.
moral.
A. Nor
A. Nor I; I ;for they held
for they held andand taught
taught the the transmigration
transmigration of of
souls from
souls from one body to
one body to another,
another, as as diddid Pythagoras
Pythagoras ; which
; which
opinion whether
opinion whether they they took took fromfrom him, him, or or hehe from them, II
from them,
cannot tell.
cannot tell.

What were
What were the the Magi Magi in in Persia,
Persia, but but philosophers
philosophers and and
astrologers? ? You
astrologers You know know how how theythey camecame to to find
find our Saviour
our Saviour
by the
by the conduct
conduct of of a a star,
star, either
either fromfrom PersiaPersia itself, or from
itself, or from
some country
some country more eastward than
more eastward than Judea.
Judea. Were
Were not not these
these
in great
in great authority
authority in in their
their country
country? ? And And are are they not in
they not in
most parts
most parts of of Christendom
Christendom thought thought to to have
have beenbeen Kings
Kings ??
Egypt hath
Egypt hath been been by by manymany thought
thought the most ancient
the most ancient
kingdom, and
kingdom, nation of
and nation of the
the world
world; and
; and their
their priests
priests hadhad
the greatest
the greatest powerpower in in civil
civil affairs,
affairs, thatthat anyany subjects ever had
subjects ever had
in any
in any nation,
nation. And what
And what were were they
they but but philosophers
philosophers and and
divines?? Concerning
divines Concerning whom, whom, the the same same Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus
says thus:
says thus : “" Zhe whole country
The whole country (of (of .Egypt)
Egypt) being being divided into
divided into
three parts,
three parts, the body of
the body of the
the priests
priests havehave one. one- asas being
being ofof most
most
credit with
credit with the péople, both
the people, both forfor their
their devotion
devotion towards
towards the the
92
92 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2.

Gods,
Gods, and also for
and also for their
their understanding
understanding gotten by education
gotten by education” " ;,
and presently
and after, "‘‘ For
presently after, Hor generally
generally these
these men, in the
men, in the greatest
greatest
affairs of
affairs of all, are the
all, are the King's
King’s counsellors,
counsellors, partly executing, and
partly executing, and
partly informing
partly and advising
informing and advising him;
him, foretelling
foretelling him
him also
also (by
(by
their skill
their skill in astrology
in astrology and art
and art in
in the
the inspection of sacrifices')
inspection of sacrifices)
the things
the things that are to
that are to come,
conie, and reading
and reading toto him out of
him out of their
their
holy books
holy books such of the
such of the actions
actions there
there recorded,
recorded, as are profitable
as are profitable
Jor him
for him toto know,
know. It It is
is not
not there
there as as tn in Greece,
Greece, oneone manman or or one
one
woman that
woman that has has the the priesthood;
priesthood; but but they
they areare manymany that that
attend the
attend honours and
the honours and sacrifices
sacrifices of of thethe Gods,
Gods, andand leaveleave the the
same enployment
same employment to to their
their posterity,
posterity, which, which, nextnext to to thethe King,
King,
have the
have the greatest power and
greatest power and authority"
authority.”
Concerning
Concerning the the judicature
judicature amongst
amongst the the Egyptians,
Egyptians, he he saith
saith
thus: “From
thus :
" From out out of of thethe most
most eminent
eminent cities, Hieropolis,
cities, Hieropolis,

Thebes, and
Thebes, Memphis, they
and Memphis, they choose
choose judges,
judges, whichwhich are are aa council
council
not inferior
not inferior to to that
that of of Areopagus
Areopagus in in Athens,
Athens, or or that
that of of the
the
senate in
senate in Lacedemon.
Lacedcemon. When they
When they are are met,
met, being
being in in number
nuinber
thirty, they
thirty, choose one
they choose one from
from amongst
amongst themselves
themselves to to be be chief-
chief-
justice, and
justice, and the the city
city whereof
whereof he he is,
is, sendeth
sendeth another
another in in his
his place.
place.
This chief-justice
This chief-justice wore wore about
about his his neck,
neck, hung
hung in in aa gold
gold chain,
chain, aa
jewel of
jewel of precious stones, the
precious stones, the name
name of of which
which jewel
jewel was was truth;
truth;
whith, when
which, when the the chief
chief-justice
-justice hadhad putput on, on, then
then began
began the the plead-
plead-
ing, &e.;
ing, &°c. ; and and whenwhen the the judges
judges had had agreed
agreed on on thethe sentence,
sentence,
then did
then did the chief-justice put
the chief-justice put thisthis jnvel
jewel of of truth
truth to to oneone of of the
the
pleas.” You
pleas.'
1 ''
You see see now now whatwhat powerpower was was acquired
acquired in in civil
civil
matters by
matters the conjuncture
by the conjuncture of of philosophy
philosophy and divinity.*
and divinity. 1

Let
Let usus come
come now now to to the
the commonwealth
commonwealth of the Jews.
of the Jews. Was Was
not the
not the priesthood
priesthood in in aa family
family (namely,
(namely, the the Levites)
Levites) as as well
well
as the
as the priesthood
priesthood of of Egypt
Egypt? ? Did Did not not the
the high-priest
high-priest give give
judgment by
judgment by the the breastplate
breastplate of of UrimUrim and Thummim? ?
and Thummim
Look upon
Look upon the the kingdom
kingdom of of Assyria,
Assyria, and and the philosophers
the philosophers
called Chaldeans.
called Chaldeans. Had Had theythey notnot lands
lands and and cities belonging
cities belonging

to their
to their family,
family, even even in in Abraham's
Abraham’s time, time, who dwelt (you
who dwelt (you
know) inin Ur
know) Ur of of the
the Chaldeans
Chaldeans? ? Of Of these
these the same author
the same author
1
* B.
B. Was this kind
Was this kind ofof government
government and and judicature in Egypt
judicature in Egypt used
used inin
the
the time
time that [Jews] Moses
that [Jews] Moses lived
lived there
there ??
A.
A. [Yes.]
[Yes.] Iknow
I not. This
know not. This question
question and
and answer have been
answer have been erased
erased
in the
in the MS.
MS. by H.'s's own
by H. owt hand.
hand.
Dialogue 2.z.
Dialogue BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 93
93

says
says thus:
thus : ‘“‘" The
Zhe Chaldeans
Chaldeans are are aa sect sect inin politics,
politics, like like to to
that of
that of the
the Egyptian priests
Egyptian priests ; for
; for being
being ordained
ordained for for thethe service
service
of the
of the Gods,
Gods, they they spendspend the the whole
whole time time of of thetr
their life
life in in philo-
philo-
sophy ;; being
sophy being of exceeding great
of exceeding great reputation
reputation tn in astrology,
astrology, and and
pretending much
pretending much also also to to prophecy,
prophecy, foretelling
foretelling things things to to come
come by by
purifications and
purifications sacrifices, and
and sacrifices, and to to find
find out out by by certain
certain incan- incan-
tations the
tations the preventing
preventing of of harm,
harm, and and the the bringing
bringing to to pass
pass of of
good.
good. They
They have have also also skill
skill in in augury,
augury, and and in in the interpreta-
the interpreta-
tion of
tion of dreams
dreams and and wonders,
wonders, nor nor areare theythey unskilful
unskilful in in thethe artart
of foretelling
of foretelling by by the the inwards
tnwards of of beasts
beasts sacrificed
sacrificed ;; and and have have
their learning
their learning not not as as thethe Greeks
Greeks ;; for for the the philosophy
philosophy of of thethe
Chaldeans goes
Chaldeans goes to to their
their family
family by by tradition,
tradttion, and and the the son son
recetves ttit from
receives from his hi's father."
father.”
From Assyria
From Assyria let let us us pass
pass into into India,
India, and and see see what
what esteemesteem
the philosophers
the philosophers had had there.there. "‘ The Zhe whole whole multitude”
multitude" (says (says
Diodorus) “of
Diodorus) "of the the Indians,
Indians, is ts divided
divided into into seven
seven parts; whereof
parts; whereof
the first,
the first, isis the
the body body of of philosophers
philosophers;; for for number
number the least, for
the least, for
eminence the
eminence the first
first ; ; for
for theythey are are free
free fromfrom taxes,taxes, and
and as as they
they
are not
are not masters
masters of of others,
others, so so areare no no others
others masters
masters of of them.
them.
By private
By private men men they they are are called
called to to the
the sacrifices
sacrifices and and to to the
the care
care
of burials
of burials of of the the dead,dead, as as being
being thought
thought most most beloved
beloved of of the
the
Gods and
Gods and skilful
skilful in in the the doctrine
doctrine concerning
concerning hell; hell; andand forfor this this
employment receive
employment receive gifts gifts andand honours
honours very very considerable.
considerable. They
They
are also
are also ofof great
great use use to to the
the people
people of of India;
India; for for being
being takentaken at at
the beginning
the beginning of the year
of the year into into the the great
great assembly,
assembly, they they foretell
foretell
them of
them of great
great drouths,
drouths, great great rains,rains, also also of winds, and
of winds, and of of sick-
stck-
ness, and
ness, and of of whatsoever
whatsoever is ts profitable
profitable for for them
them to to know
know before- before-
hand.”
hand."
The same
The same author, concerning the
author, concerning the laws
laws of the A®thiopians,
of the Ethiopians,
saith thus:
saith thus “" The
: Zhe laws laws of of the
the ^Ethiopians
.2éthtoptans seem seem very different
very different
from those
from those of of other nations, and
other nations, and especially
especially about about the election of
the election of
their Kings.
their Kings. For For the the priests
priests propound
propound some some of of the chief men
the chief men
amongst them,
amongst them, named named in in aa catalogue,
catalogue, and and whom
whom the the God God
(which, according
(which, to a
according to a certain
certain custom,
custom, ts carried
is carried about to f
about to feast-
east-

ings) does
ings) does accept of ;
accept of; him the
him the multitude
multitude elect
elect for ther King,
for their King,
and presently
and adore and
presently adore and honour
honour him
him asas aa God,
God, put into the
put into the
government by
government divine proindence.
by divine providence. The King
The King being chosen, he
being chosen, he
94
94 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2.

has
has the
the manner
manner of of hishis life
life limited
limited toto himhim by the laws,
by the laws, and and
does all
does all other things according
other things according to
to the
the custome
custom of the country,
of the country,
neither rewarding
neither rewarding nor nor punishing
punishing any any manman otherwise
otherwise than than
Srou the
from the beginning
beginning is is established
established amongstamongst them them by by law.
law. Nor
Nor
use they
use they to put any
to put any manman to to death,
death, though
though he he be
be condemned
condemned to to it,
it,
but to
but to send
send some officer to
some officer to him
him with with aa token
token of death; who
of death; who
seeing the
seeing the token, goes presently
token, goes presently to to his
his house,
house, and kills himself."
and kills himself.”
And presently
And after: "But
presently after : “ But the the strangest
strangest thing
thing of of all
all is,
is, that
that
which they
which they do concerning the
do concerning the death
death of of their
their Kings.
Kings. For or the the
priests that
priests that livein Meroe, and
live in Meroe, and spend
spend their
their tine
time about
about the the wor-
wor-
ship and
ship and honour
honour of of their
their Gods,
Gods, and and areare inin greatest authority ;;
greatest authority
when they
when they havehave a a mind mind to to it,
it, send
send aa messenger
messenger to to thethe
King
King to to bid
bid him die, for
him die, for that
that thethe Gods
Gods have
have given
given suchsuch order,
order,
and that
and that the commandments of
the commandments of the
the immortals
immortals are not by
are not by anyany
means toto be
means be neglected
neglected by by those
those that
that are,
are, byby nature,
nature, mortal
mortal ;; usingusing
also other
also other speeches
speeches toto him,
him, which
which men men of of simple
simple judgment,
judgment, and and
that have
that have not reason enough
not reason enough to to dispute
dispute against
against those unnecessary
those unnecessary
commands, as
commands, being educated
as being educated in in anan oldold and
and indelible custom,
indelible custom,

are content
are content to admit of.
to admit of. Therefore informer
Therefore in fornter times
times thethe Kings
Kings
did obey
did obey the
the priests, not as
priests, not as mastered
mastered byby force
force and arms, but
and arms, but asas
having their
having reason mastered
their reason mastered by
by superstition.
superstition. But in the
But in the time
time
of
ofPtolemy
Ptolemy I1., Ergamenes, King
II., Ergamenes, King of
of the
the 4thiopians, having had
^Ethiopians, having had
his breeding
his in philosophy
breeding in philosophy after
after the
the manner
manner of the Greeks,
of the Greeks,
being the
being the first that durst
first that durst despise
despise their
their power,
power, took heart as
took heart as
befitied aa King
befitted King ;; came
came with
with soldiers
soldiers toto aa place
place called Abaton,
called Abaton,

where was
where was then the golden
then the golden temple
temple of
of the
the Ethiopians
^Ethiopians ;; killed
killed all
all
the priests,
the priests, abolished the custom,
abolished the custom, and
and rectified
rectified the
the kingdom
kingdom
according toto his
according will.”
his will."

&.
B. Though they that
Though they that were
were killed
killed were
were damnable impostors,
damnable impostors,
yet the
yet the act
act was cruel.
was cruel.
A.
A. It
It wasso.
was so. But were
But were not
not the
the priests
priests cruel, to cause
cruel, to cause
their Kings,
their Kings, whom a a little
whom little before
before they
they adored as Gods,
adored as Gods, to
to
make away
make themselves? ?
away themselves ‘The King
The King killed
killed them, for the
them, for the
safety of
safety of his person
his person ; they
they him,
; him, out
out of
of ambition,
ambition, oror love
love ofof
change.
change. The King’s act
The King's act may
may be be coloured
coloured with the good
with the good of of
his people
his people ; the priests had
the priests
; had nono pretence
pretence against their kings,
against their kings,
who were
who were certainly
certainly veryvery godly,
godly, or or else
else would never have
would never have
 Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 95
95

obeyed the
obeyed the command
command of of the
the priests
priests by
by aa messenger
messenger unarmed,
unarmed,
to kill
to kill themselves.
themselves. Our late
Our late King,
King, the
the best
best King perhaps
King perhaps
that ever
that ever was,
was, you know, was
you know, was murdered,
murdered, having been first
having been first
persecuted by
persecuted by war, at the
war, at the incitement
incitement of of Presbyterian minis-
Presbyterian minis-
ters; ;
ters who are
who therefore guilty
are therefore guilty of of the
the death
death of of all that fell
all that fell
in that
in that war;
war whichwhich were,
; were, II believe,
believe, in in England,
England, Scotland,
Scotland,
and Ireland,
and Ireland, near 100,000 persons.
near 100,000 persons. Had itit not
Had not been
been muchmuch
better that
better that those
those seditious
seditious ministers,
ministers, which which werewere not perhaps
not perhaps
1000, had
1000, had been
been all all killed
killed before
before they they hadhad preached?
preached? It It
had been
had been (I (I confess)
confess) a a great
great massacre
massacre; but ; but the killing of
the killing of
100,000 isis aa greater.
100,000 greater.
B. II am
B. am glad the bishops
glad the bishops were were out out atat this
this business.
business. As
As
ambitious as
ambitious as some
some say say they
they are,are, itit did
did notnot appear
appear in in that
that
business, for
business, for theythey were
were enemies
enemies to to them
them that that were
were in in it.it.
*[Though they
*[Though pretended aa divine
they pretended divine rightright (not
(not depending
depending upon upon
the King's
the King’s leave)
leave) to to the
the government
government of of the
the Church,
Church, yet yet being
being
but few
but few inin number,
number, and and not not much
much in in favour
favour withwith the people,
the people,
how could
how could they choose but
they choose but be be (on(on thethe King's
King’s side ?)]*
side ?)]*
A. II intend
A. intend not not by by these
these quotations
quotations to commend
to commend
either the
either the divinity
divinity or or the the philosophy
philosophy of of those heathen
those heathen
people; but
people ; but to show only
to show only what what the the reputation
reputation of of those
those
sciences can
sciences can effect among the
effect among the people.
people. For For their
their divinity
divinity was was
nothing but
nothing but idolatry
idolatry ; and; and their
their philosophy
philosophy (excepting
(excepting the the
knowledge which
knowledge which the the Egyptian
Egyptian priests,priests, and and from them the
from them the
Chaldeans, had
Chaldeans, gotten by
had gotten by long
long observation
observation and study in
and study in
astronomy, geometry,
astronomy, geometry, and and arithmetic),
arithmetic), very very little;
little ; and that
and that
in great
in great part
part abused
abused in in astrology
astrology and and fortune-telling.
fortune-telling. Whereas Whereas
‘the divinity of
the divinity the clergy
of the clergy in in this
this nation,
nation, considered
considered apart apart
from the
from the mixture
mixture (that (that hashas been
been introduced
introduced by the Church
by the Church
of Rome,
of Rome, and and in part retained
in part retained here) here) of of the
the babbling
babbling philo-philo-
sophy of
sophy of Aristotle
Aristotle and and other
other Greeks,
Greeks, that that hashas no affinity
no affinity
with religion,
with religion, and serves only
and serves only to to breed
breed disaffection, dissen-
disaffection, dissen-
sion, and
sion, finally sedition
and finally sedition and
and civil
civil war
war (as
(as we
we have lately
have lately
found by
found by dear experience in
dear experience in the
the differences
differences between the
between the
Presbyterians and
Presbyterians Episcopals),
and Episcopals), is the
the true
true religion.
religion.
is But for
But for
these differences
these both parties,
differences both parties, as
as they
they came into
came into power, not
power, not
only suppressed
only suppressed the
the tenets
tenets of
of one
one another,
another, but also whatso-
but also whatso-
 ;

96 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2.

ever doctrine
ever looked with
doctrine looked with an
an ill
ill aspect
aspect upon
upon their
their interest
interest ;
and consequently
and all true
consequently all true philosophy,
philosophy, especially civil and
especially civil and
moral, which
moral, which can
can never
never appear
appear propitious
propitious to ambition, or
to ambition, or to
to
an exemption
an from their
exemption from their obedience
obedience due to the
due to the sovereign
sovereign
power.
power. *[That reputation
*[That reputation theythey have
have in the sciences,
in the hath not
sciences, hath not
proceeded from
proceeded from anything
anything they
they have
have effected
effected byby those
those sciences,
sciences,
but from
but the infirmity
from the infirmity ofof the
the people
people that
that understand nothing
understand nothing
in them,
in them, and admire nothing
and admire nothing butbut what
what they understand not.
they understand not.
There was
There lately erected
was lately erected aa company
company of of gentlemen
gentlemen for for the
the
promoting of
promoting of natural
natural philosophy
philosophy and and mathematics.
mathematics. What What
they will
they will produce,
produce, II know know notnot yet,
yet, but
but this
this II am
am sure
sure of,
of, that
that
the authority
the authority of of licensing
licensing thethe books
books that
that are to be
are to be written
written of of
that subject,
that subject, is is not
not inin them,
them, butbut inin some
some divines,
divines, whowho havehave
little knowledge
little knowledge in in physics,
physics, and
and none
none at
at all
all in mathematics.]*
in mathematics.]*
After the King
After the King had had accused
accused thethe Lord
Lord Kimbolton,
Kimbolton, a a mem-
mem-
ber of
ber of the Lords’ house;
the Lords' house; andand Hollis,
Hollis, Haslerigg, Hampden,
Haslerigg, Hampden,
Pym, and
Pym, Stroud, five
and Stroud, five members
members ofof the
the Lower House, of
Lower House, of
high-treason
; and
high-treason and after
after the
; the Parliament
Parliament had voted out
had voted out the
the
bishops from
bishops the
from the House of
House of Peers
Peers; they
they pursued especially
pursued especially
;

wo
wo things in their
things in their petitions to his
petitions to his Majesty: the one
Majesty the one was,
was,:

that the
that King would
the King would declare
declare who
who were
were the persons that
the persons that
advised him
advised him toto go,
go, as
as hehe did,
did, to
to the
the Parliament-house
Parliament-house toto
apprehend them,
apprehend them, and
and that
that he
he would
would leave
leave them to the
them to the Par-
Par-
liament to
liament receive condign
to receive condign punishment.
punishment. And
And this this they
they did,
did,
to stick
to stick upon
upon his his Majesty
Majesty the the dishonour
dishonour of deserting his
of deserting his
friends, and
friends, betraying them
and betraying them to to his
his enemies.
enemies. The The other
other was,
was,
that he
that he would allow them
would allow them aa guard
guard out of the
out of the city
city ofof London,
London,
to be commanded by the Earl of Essex;
to be commanded by the Earl of Essex for; for which
which they
they
pretended, they
pretended, they could
could notnot else
else sit
sit in
in safety
safety ; which
; which pretence
pretence
was nothing
was nothing but but anan upbraiding
upbraiding of of his
his Majesty
Majesty for for coming
coming to to
Parliament better
Parliament better accompanied
accompanied than than ordinary,
ordinary, to to seize
seize the
the
five seditious
five members.
seditious members.
B. IUI see
B. no reason
see no reason *why*
“why” in in petitioning
petitioning for for aa guard,
guard, they
they
should determine
should determine it it to
to the
the city
city ofof London
London in particular, and
in particular, and
the command
the command by by name
name to to the
the Earl
Earl ofof Essex, unless they
Essex, unless they
meant the
meant King should
the King should understand
understand itit for for aa guard
guard against
against
himself.
himself.
Dialogue
Dialogue 2.2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 97
97

A. Their
A. Their meaning was, that
meaning was, that the
the King
King should understand
should understand
it so,
it so, and
and (as
(as II verily
verily believe)
believe) they
they meant
meant he
he should take it
should take it

for
for an
an affront;
affront and the
and
; the King King himself
himself understanding
understanding it it so,
so,
denied to
denied to grant
grant it, it, though
though he he were
were willing,
willing, ifif they could not
they could not
otherwise be
otherwise satisfied, to
be satisfied, to command
command such such aa guard
guard to to waitwait
upon them
upon them as as hehe would
would be be responsible
responsible for for to
to God Almighty.
God Almighty.
Besides this,
Besides this, the
the citycity of of London
London petitioned
petitioned the King (put
the King (put
upon it,
upon it, no
no doubt,
doubt, by by somesome members
members of of the
the Lower
Lower House)House)
to put
to put thethe Tower
Tower of of London
London into into the the hands
hands of persons of
of persons of
trust, meaning
trust, meaning such such as as thethe Parliament
Parliament should approve of,
should approve of,
and to
and to appoint
appoint a a guard
guard for for the
the safety
safety of of his
his Majesty
Majesty and and the the
Parliament.
Parliament. This method
This method of of bringing
bringing petitions
petitions in in tumul-
tumul-
tuary manner,
tuary manner, by by great
great multitudes
multitudes of of clamorous
clamorous people, people,
was ordinary
was ordinary with with the the House
House of of Commons,
Commons, whose ambition
whose ambition
could never
could never have
have been been servedserved by by wayway of of prayer
prayer and request,
and request,
without extraordinary
without extraordinary terror. terror.
After the
After the King
King had had waivedwaived the the prosecution
prosecution of of thethe five five
members, but
members, denied to
but denied to make
make knownknown who who hadhad advised
advised him him
to come
to come in in person
person to to the
the House
House of of Commons,
Commons, they questioned
they questioned
the Attorney-General,
the Attorney- General, who who by by the the King's
King’s command
command had had
exhibited the
exhibited articles against
the articles against them,them, and and voted
voted himhim aa breaker
breaker
of the
of the privilege
privilege of of Parliament
Parliament; and ; and no no doubt
doubt had had made made
him feel
him feel their cruelty, if
their cruelty, if he
he had
had not not speedily
speedily fled the land.
fled the land.
About the
About the endend of of January,
January, they they made made an an order
order of of both
both
Houses of
Houses of Parliament,
Parliament, to to prevent
prevent the the going
going over
over of of popish
popish
commanders into
commanders into Ireland
Ireland; not ; not so so much
much fearing
fearing that,that, as as
that by
that by this occasion the
this occasion the King
King himself
himself choosing
choosing his his com- com-
manders for
manders for that service, might
that service, might aid aid himself
himself out out ofof Ireland
Ireland
against the
against the Parliament.
Parliament. But But thisthis was was no no great matter, in
great matter, in
respect of
respect of aa petition
petition they they sentsent hishis Majesty
Majesty about about the the same same
time, that
time, that is is toto say,
say, about
about the the 27 27thth or 28th of
or 28th of January,
January,
1641,
1 64 1, wherein
wherein they they desired
desired in in effect
effect the the absolute sovereignty
absolute sovereignty
of England
of England; though though by
; by thethe name
name of of sovereignty
sovereignty they they chal-chal-
lenged it
lenged it not whilst the
not whilst the KingKing was was living.
living. For For to to thethe end end
that the
that the fears
fears and and dangers
dangers in in this
this kingdom
kingdom might might be be re- re-
moved, and
moved, and the mischievous designs
the mischievous designs of of those
those who who are are ene- ene-
mies to
mies to the
the peace
peace of of it it might
might be be prevented,
prevented, they pray: that
they pray :
that
8
 ;

98
98 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2.

his
his Majesty would be
Majesty would be pleased
pleased to forthwith, first,
put forthwith,
to put the
first, the
Tower
Tower of London, secondly,
of London, secondly, all
all other
other forts,
forts, thirdly,
thirdly, the
the whole
whole
militia
militia of of the
the kingdom,
kingdom, into the hands
into the hands ofof such
such persons
persons as as
should
should be recommended to
be recommended to himhim by by both
both the the Houses
Houses of of
Parliament.
Parliament. And this
And this they style aa necessary
they style necessary petition.
petition.
B. Were there
B. Were there really
really any such fears
any such fears and
and dangers
dangers generally
generally
conceived
conceived here,here, oror did
did there appear any
there appear any enemies
enemies at at that
that
time with such
time with such designs
designs as as are mentioned in
are mentioned in the
the petition?
petition ?
A, Yes.
A. Yes. But no
But no other fear of
other fear of danger,
danger, than
than such as any
such as any
discreet
discreet and and honest
honest man man might justly have
might justly have of of thethe designs
designs of of
the Parliament itself,
the Parliament itself, who
who were
were the the greatest
greatest enemies enemies to to the
the
peace
peace of of thethe kingdom
kingdom that could possibly
that could possibly be. be. ItIt is
is also
also
worth observing, that
worth observing, that this
this petition
petition began began with with these words,
these words,
“Most
"Most graciousgracious Sovereign"
Sovereign”: so : so stupid
stupid they they werewere as not to
as not to
know,
know, that that he he that
that is is master
master of of thethe militia,
mJitia, is is master
master of of the
the
kingdom,
kingdom, and and consequently
consequently is is in
in possession
possession of of aa most
most abso-abso-
lute sovereignty.
lute sovereignty. The King
The King waswas now now at at Windsor,
Windsor, to avoid
to avoid
the tumults of
the tumults of the
the common
common people people before before the the gates
gates of of
Whitehall, together
Whitehall, together with with their clamours and
their clamours and affronts there.
affronts there.
The
The 9th oth of of February
February after, after, hehe came
came to to Hampton
Hampton Court, Court,
and thence he
and thence he wentwent to to Dover
Dover with with the the Queen,
Queen, and and the the
Princess
Princess of of Orange,
Orange, his his daughter;
daughter; where where the the Queen
Queen with with
the
the Princess
Princess of of Orange
Orange embarked
embarked for for Holland,
Holland, but but the King
the King
returned
returned to to Greenwich,
Greenwich, whence whence he he -sent
sent for for thethe Prince
Prince of of
Wales and
Wales and the the Duke
Duke of of York,
York, and and so so wentwent with with themthem to- to-
wards
wards York.York.
B.
B. DidDid the the Lords
Lords join join with
with thethe Commons
Commons in in this
this petition
petition
for
for the militra ??
the militia
A.
A. It It appears
appears so so by by the
the title;
title; but but II believe
believe they durst
they durst
not
not but but dodo it. it. The The HouseHouse of Commons took
of Commons took them them but but forfor
aa cypher
cypher ; men; men of of title
title only, without real
only, without real power.
power. Perhaps
Perhaps
also
also the most of
the most of them
them thought,
thought, that that thethe taking
taking of of the
the militia
militia
from the
from the King
King would would be be anan addition
addition to to their
their own own power;
power
but
but they were very
they were very muchmuch mistaken,
mistaken, for for the the House
House of Com-
of Com-
mons
mons never never intended
intended them them sharers
sharers in in it.
it.
4.
B. WhatWhat answer answer made made the King to
the King to this
this petition
petition ??
A.
A. “That
"That when when he he shall
shall know
know the the extent
extent of of power
power whichwhich is is
Dialogue 2.2.
Dialogue BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 99
99

intended toto be
intended established in
be established in those
those persons,
persons, whom they
whom desire to
they desire to
be the
be the commanders
commanders of of the
the militia
militia in in the
the several
several counties;
counties; and and
likewise toto what
likewise time it
what time it shall
shall bebe limited,
limited, that
that no power shall
no power shall
be executed
be executed by his Majesty
by his Majesty alone
alone without
without the the advice
advice ofof Parlia-
Parlia-
ment ;; then
ment then he will declare,
he will declare, that
that {for
(for thethe securing them from
securing them from
all dangers
all dangers or jealoustes) his
or jealousies) his Majesty
Majesty will will bebe content
content to to put
put
into all
into all the
the places, both of
places, both of forts
forts andand militia
militia in the several
in the several
counties, such
counties, persons as
such persons as both
both the
the Houses
Houses of of Parliament
Parliament shall shall
either approve,
either approve, or or recommend
recommend unto unto himhim, ; soso that they declare
that they declare
before unto
before unto his Majesty the
his Majesty the names
names of of the
the persons whom they
persons whom they
approve or
approve or recommend, unless such
recommend, unless such persons
persons shall be named,
shall be named,
against whom
against he shall
whom he shall have
have just
just and
and unquestionable
unquestionable exceptions''
exceptions,”
B.
B. What power, for
What power, for what
what time,
time, andand to whom, did
to whom, did thethe
Parliament require,?
Parliament concerning the
require, 1 concerning the militia
medlitia ??
A, The
A. The same power which
same power which thethe King
King hadhad placed before? 2 in
placed before in
his lieutenants
his lieutenants andand deputy-lieutenants,
deputy-lieutenants, in in the
the several coun-
several coun-
ties, and
ties, and without other limitation
without other limitation of of timetime but their own
but their own
pleasure.
pleasure.
B.
B. Who
Who were the men
were the men that
that should
should havehave this power ?? 33
this power

A. There
A. There isis aa catalogue
catalogue of of them
them printed.
printed. They
They areare very
very
many, and
many, and most
most of of them
them lords
lords; nor;nor isis itit necessary
necessary to to have
have
them named
them named ; forfor to
; to name
name them
them is is (in
(in mymy opinion)
opinion) to to brand
brand
them with
them with the mark of
the mark of disloyalty
disloyalty or or of
of folly.
folly. When they
When they
had made
had made aa catalogue
catalogue of of them,
them, theythey sent
sent it it to the King,
to the King,
with aa new
with petition for
new petition for the
the militia.
militia. Also Also presently after,
presently after,
they sent
they sent aa message
message to to his
his Majesty,
Majesty, praying
praying him him toto leave
leave
the Prince
the Prince atat Hampton
Hampton Court Court; but ; but the the KingKing granted
granted
neither.
neither.
B. Howsoever, it
B. Howsoever, it was
was wisely
wisely done
done+ * of
of them
them to to get
get host-
host-
ages
ages (if
(if they could) of
they could) of the
the King,
King, before
before he went from
he went from
them.
them.
A.
A. In In the meantime, to
the meantime, to raise
raise money
money for for the reducing of
the reducing of
Ireland, the
Ireland, Parliament invited
the Parliament invited menmen toto bring
bring in money by
in money by
way of
way of adventure, according to
adventure, according to these
these propositions.
propositions. 1. 1. That
That
two millions
two millions andand five
five hundred
hundred thousand
thousand acresacres of of land
land inin
* did
' did the
the Parliament grant.
Parliament grant. |? which
2
which the
the King
King had
had before planted.
before planted.
3
3
the
the men
men that had this
that had this power
power? ? 4 it was
4 it was well done,
well done.
100 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2.

Ireland, should
Ireland, should be to the
assigned to
be assigned in this
adventurers, in
the adventurers, pro-
this pro-
portion
portion ::

For
For anan adventure
adventure of of 200/.
200/. 1,000
x,000 acres acres in in Ulster.
Ulster.

. . . 3002, 1,000
300/. 1,000 acresacres in in Connaught.
Connaught.
. . . 4502, 1,000
450/. x,000 acresacres in in Munster.
Munster,
: ; 6002. 1,000
600/. 1,000 acresacres in in Leinster.
Leinster.
All according
All according to to English
English measure,measure, and and consisting
consisting of of meadow,
meadow,
arable, and
arable, profitable pasture
and profitable pasture; bogs,
; bogs, woods,woods, and and barrenbarren
mountains being
mountains being cast cast in in over
over and and above.
above. 2. A
2. A revenue
revenue
was reserved
was reserved to to the
the Crown,
Crown, from from one one penny penny to to three-pence
three-pence
on every
on every acre. acre. 3. That
3. That commissions
commissions should should be be sent
sent by by
the Parliament,
the Parliament, to to erecterect manors,
manors, settle settle wastes
wastes and and com-com-
mons, maintain
mons, maintain preaching preaching ministers, ministers, to to create corporations,
create corporations,
and to
and to regulate plantations.
regulate plantations. The rest
The rest of of the propositions
the propositions
concern only
concern only the the times
times and and manner
manner of of payment
payment of of thethe sums
sums
subscribed by
subscribed by the the adventurers.
adventurers. And to
And to these propositions
these propositions
his Majesty
his Majesty assentedassented ; but ; but to to the
the petition
petition of the militia,
of the mitra, his his
Majesty denied
Majesty denied his his assent.
assent.
B.
B. If If he had net,
he had net, II shouldshould have have thought
thought it it aa great
great won-
won-
der. What
der. What did did the the Parliament
Parliament after after this?
this ?

A.
A. They
They sent sent him him another
another petition,
petition, which which was was pre-pre-
sented to
sented to him him when when he he waswas at at Theobald's,
Theobald’s, in in hishis way way to to
York ; wherein
York wherein they
; they tell tell him
him plainly,
plainly, hat that unless
unless he he'bebe pleased
pleased
to assure
to assure them them by by thosethose messengers
messengers then then sent, that he
sent, that he would
would
speedily apply
speedily apply his his royal
royal assentassent to to the
the satisfaction
satisfaction of of their
their former
former
desires, they
desires, shall be
they shall be enforced,
enforced, for for the the safety
safety of of his Majesty and
his Majesty and
his kingdoms,
his kingdoms, to to dispose
dispose of of the
the mititia
mititia by by the
the authority
authority of of both
both
Houses, &c,
Houses, &*c. They petition
They petition his his Majesty
Majesty also also to to letlet the
the
Prince stay
Prince stay at at St.St. James's,
James’s, or or some
some other other of his Majesty's
of his Majesty’s
houses near
houses London.
near London. They tell
They tell him
him also,also, that
that thethe power
power of of
raising, ordering,
raising, ordering, and and disposing
disposing of of the
the mdifia, cannot be
militia, cannot be
granted to
granted any corporation,
to any corporation, without without the the authority
authority and and con-con-
sent of
sent of the Parliament ; and
the Parliament ; and thatthat thosethose partsparts of of thethe king-
king-
dom, which
dom, which have have put put themselves
themselves into into aa posture
posture of of defence,
defence,
have done
have done nothingnothing therein therein but but by by direction
direction of both Houses,
of both Houses,
and what
and what isis justifiable
justifiable by by the
the laws
laws of of this
this kingdom.
kingdom.
&.
B. What
What answer answer made made the the King
King toto this? this ?
Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 101
loi

*4. He
*A. He gave them aa flat
gave them flat denial,
denial, not
not only
only of the militia,
of the sé/itea,
but also
but also of the Prince's
of the Prince’s residence
residence about
about London. After
London. After
which they
which they presently fell to
presently fell to voting
voting as
as followeth: first, That
followeth first, That :

this
this his
his Majesty’s
Majesty's answer answer was was aa denial
denial of of the mélitia,
the militia. 2.
2,

That those
That those that advised his
that advised his Majesty
Majesty to to it were enemies
it were enemies to to
the State.
the State. 3.3. That
That suchsuch parts
parts ofof this
this kingdom,
kingdom, as as had
had put put
themselves into
themselves into a a posture
posture of of defence,
defence, hadhad done nothing but
done nothing but
what was
what was justifiable.
justifiable.

B.
B. What
What isis it it which
which theythey called
called aa posture
posture of defence ?*
of defence ?*
A,
A. It It was
was a a putting
putting of of themselves
themselves into into arms, and under
arms, and under
officers such
officers such as as the
the Parliament
Parliament should
should approve
approve of. of. 4. They
4. They
vote that
vote that his Majesty should
his Majesty should be be again
again desired
desired thatthat the the
Prince might
Prince continue about
might continue about London.
London. Lastly, they vote
Lastly, they vote aa
declaration to
declaration to be be sent
sent toto his
his Majesty
Majesty by by both
both thethe Houses;
Houses ;
wherein they
wherein accuse his
they accuse his Majesty
Majesty of of aa design
design of of altering
altering
religion, though
religion, though not not directly
directly him,
him, but
but them
them that counselled
that counselled
him; whom
him ; whom they they also
also accused
accused of of being
being the inviters and
the inviters and
fomenters of
fomenters the Scotch
of the Scotch war,
war, and
and framers
framers ofof the rebellion in
the rebellion in
Ireland ;; and
Ireland upbraid the
and upbraid the King
King again
again for
for accusing the Lord
accusing the Lord
Kimbolton and
Kimbolton the five
and the five members,
members, and
and of
of being privy to
being privy to the
the
purpose of
purpose of bringing up his
bringing up his army,
army, which
which was
was raised against
raised against
the Scots,
the Scots, to be employed
to be employed against
against the
the Parliament.
Parliament. To
To
which his
which his Majesty
Majesty sentsent his
his answer
answer from from Newmarket.
Newmarket. Where- Where-
upon it
upon it was resolved by
was resolved by both
both Houses,
Houses, thatthat inin this
this case
case ofof
extreme danger
extreme and of
danger and of his
his Majesty's
Majesty’s refusal,
refusal, the ordinance
the ordinance
agreed upon
agreed upon by
by both
both Houses
Houses for for thethe mitia
militia doth oblige the
doth oblige the
people by
people the fundamental
by the fundamental laws laws of of this
this kingdom
kingdom ;; and and also,
also,
that whosoever
that whosoever shall shall execute
execute any any power
power over the militia,
over the militia,
by colour
by colour of any commission
of any commission of of lieutenancy,
lieutenancy, without consent
without consent
of both
of both Houses
Houses of of Parliament,
Parliament, shall shall be
be accounted
accounted a a disturber
disturber
of the
of peace of
the peace of the
the kingdom;
kingdom: Whereupon his
Whereupon Majesty sent
his Majesty sent
a message
a message to both Houses
to both Houses from from Huntingdon, requiring
Huntingdon, requiring
obedience to
obedience the laws
to the laws established,
established, and and prohibiting
prohibiting all all sub-
sub-
jects, upon
jects, upon pretence
pretence of of their
their ordinance,
ordinance, to to execute anything
execute anything
concerning the
concerning militia which
the militia which is is not
not byby those
those laws warranted.
laws warranted.
Upon this,
Upon this, the Parliament vote
the Parliament vote aa standing
standing to their former
to their former
votes ;; asas also,
votes that
when the
when
also, that the Lords
Lords and
and Commons
Commons in in Par-
Par-
 ;

102
102 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2.

liament, which
liament, which is the
is court of
supreme court
the supreme of judicature
judicature in the
in the
kingdom, shall
kingdom, shall declare what the
declare what law of
the law the land
of the land is, have
to have
is, to
not only
this not
this questioned, but
only questioned, contradicted, isis aa high
but contradicted, breach
high breach
of the
of the privilege
privilege ofof Parliament
Parliament.
B.
B. II thought that he
thought that he that
that makes
makes thethe law,
law, ought
ought toto declare
declare
what the
what the law is. For
law is. For what
what is is it
it else
else to
to make
make aa law,
law, but
but
to declare
to declare what
what it it is
is?? SoSo that
that they
they have
have taken from the
taken from the
King, not
King, not only the militia,
only the militia, but
but also
also the
the legislative power.
legislative power.

A.
A. They
They have so; ; but
have so but II make
make account
account that the legislative
that the legislative
power (and
power indeed all
(and indeed all power
power possible)
possible) isis contained
contained inin the
the
power of
power of the mzrtfa,
the militia. After this,
After this, they
they seize
seize such money as
such money as
was due
was due toto his Majesty upon
his Majesty upon the the bill
bill ofof tonnage
tonnage and and pound-
pound-
age, and
age, and upon
upon the the bill
bill ofof subsidies,
subsidies, thatthat they might disable
they might disable
him every
him every wayway they they possibly
possibly could.
could. ‘They They sentsent himhim also
also
many other
many contumelious messages
other contumelious messages and and petitions after his
petitions after his
coming to
coming to York;
York amongst
; amongst which which one one was:
was : “That whereas
" That whereas

the Lord
the Lord Admiral,
Admiral, by by indisposition
indisposition of of body, could not
body, could not
command the
command fleet in
the fleet in person,
person, he he would
would be be pleased
pleased to to give
give
authority to
authority the Earl
to the Earl of of Warwick
Warwick to to supply
supply his place; "” when
his place; when
they knew
they knew the King had
the King had putput Sir
Sir John
John Pennington
Pennington into into *that
*that
employment* before.
employment* before.* 1
B.
B. To To what
what end end diddid the
the King
King entertain
entertain so so many petitions,
many petitions,
messages, declarations
messages, declarations and remonstrances, and
and remonstrances, vouchsafe
and vouchsafe
his answers
his answers to them, when
to them, when he he could
could not not choose
choose but but clearly
clearly
see they were resolved to take from him his royal power,
see they were resolved to take from him his royal power,
and consequently
and consequently his his life?
life? For For it it could
could not stand with
not stand with
their safety
their safety to let either
to let either himhim or or his
his issue
issue live,
live, after they had
after they had
done him
done him soso great injuries.
great injuries.
A.
A. Besides this, the
Besides this, the Parliament
Parliament had had at the same
at the same time
time aa
committee residing
committee residing in in York
York *both*
*both* to to spy
spy what
what hishis Majesty
Majesty
did, and
did, and toto inform
inform the the Parliament
Parliament thereof,
thereof, and
and also to hinder
also to hinder
the King
the King from gaining the
from gaining the people
people of of that
that county
county to to his
his
party: so
party so that
: when his
that when his Majesty
Majesty was was courting
courting the gentlemen
the gentlemen
there, the
there, the committee
committee was was instigating
instigating of of the
the yeomanry against
yeomanry against
him.
him. To
To which also the
which also the ministers
ministers did
did very
very much contribute ;
much contribute
so that
so the
that the King lost his
King lost his opportunity
opportunity atat York,
York.
; * Pennington
'
Pennington in
in it
it before.
before.
 :

Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 103
103

B.
B. Why
Why did not the
did not the King
King seize
seize the
the committee into his
committee into his -
hands, or
hands, or drive them out
drive them out of
of the
the town
town? ?
A. II know
A. not; but
know not; but II believe
believe he he knew
knew the Parliament
the Parliament
had aa greater
had party than
greater party than he,
he, not
not only
only in
in Yorkshire
Yorkshire butbut also
also
in York.
in York. Towards the end
Towards the end ofof April,
April, the King, upon
the King, upon petition
petition
of the
of the people of Yorkshire
people of Yorkshire to
to have
have the
the magazine of Hull
magazine of Hull to
to
remain
remain still there, for
still there, for the
the greater
greater security
security of the northern
of the northern
parts,
parts, thought
thought fit fit to
to take
take itit into
into his
his own
own hands.
hands. He had
He had aa
little before
little appointed governor
before appointed governor of of that
that town
town thethe Earl
Earl ofof
Newcastle; but
Newcastle ; but thethe townsmen,
townsmen, having having been already cor-
been already cor
rupted by
rupted by the Parliament, refused
the Parliament, refused to to receive
receive him, but refused
him, but refused
not to
not to receive
receive SirSir John
John Hotham,
Hotham, appointed
appointed to to be governor
be governor
*there* bythe
*there* Parliament. The
by the Parliament The King
King therefore
therefore coming before .
coming before
the town,
the town, guarded
guarded onlyonly by by his
his own
own servants, and a
servants, and a few
few,
gentlemen of
gentlemen the country
of the country thereabouts,
thereabouts, was was denied entrance
denied entrance
by Sir
by Sir John Hotham, that
John Hotham, that stood
stood uponupon the
the wall; for which
wall ; for which
act he
act he presently caused Sir
presently caused Sir John
John Hotham
Hotham to to be proclaimed
be proclaimed
traitor, and
traitor, sent aa message
and sent message to to the
the Parliament, requiring
Parliament, requiring
justice to
justice to be done upon
be done upon the
the said
said Hotham,
Hotham, and that the
and that the town
town
and magazine
and magazine mightmight be be delivered
delivered intointo his hands.
his hands. To
To
which the
which the Parliament
Parliament mademade no no answer,
answer, but
but instead thereof
instead thereof
published another
published declaration, in
another declaration, in which
which they
they omitted nothing
omitted nothing
of their
of their former slanders against
former slanders against his
his Majesty's
Majesty’s government,
government,
but inserted
but certain propositions
inserted certain propositions declarative
declarative of
of their
their own
own
pretended right:
pretended right viz. 1.
viz.
: 1. That
That whatsoever
whatsoever they declare to
they declare to
be law,
be law, ought not to
ought not to be
be questioned
questioned by
by the
the King:
King 2.2, That
That :

no precedents
no can be
precedents can be limits
limits to
to bound
bound their proceedings :
their proceedings :

3. That
3. That aa Parliament, for the
Parliament, for the public
public good,
good, may dispose of
may dispose of
anything wherein
anything the King
wherein the King oror subject
subject hath
hath aa right;
right; and
and
that they,
that they, without the
without the King, are
King, are this
this Parliament, and the
Parliament, and the
judge of
judge of this public good,
this public good, and
and that
that the King’s consent
the King's consent is is
not necessary:
not necessary 4. : 4. That
That nono member
member of of either
either House ought
House ough,t
to be
to be troubled
troubled forfor treason,
treason, felony,
felony, or
or any
any other crime, unless
other crime, unless
the cause
the cause be first brought
be first brought before
before the
the Parliament, that they
Parliament, that they
may judge
may judge of the fact
of the fact and
and give
give leave
leave to
to proceed,
proceed, ifif they
they see
see
cause: 5.5. That
cause : That thethe sovereign
sovereign power
power resides
resides inin both Houses,
both Houses,
and that
and the King
that the King ought
ought toto have
have no no negative voice:
negative voice
 ;

104
104 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 2.
Dialogue 2.

6. That
6. That the levying of
the levying of forces
forces against
against the personal commands
the personal commands
of the
of the King (though accompanied
King (though accompanied with with hishis presence)
presence) is is not
not
levying war
levying war against
against the the King,
King, but but thethe levying
levying of of war against *his
war against *his
politic person,*
politic person,* viz., viz., hishis laws,
laws, &c, &c., though
though not not *accompanied
*accompanied
with* his
with* his person,
person, is is levying
levying war war against
against the the King:
King 7. : 7. That
That
treason cannot
treason cannot be be committed
committed against against his his person, otherwise
person, otherwise
than as
than as he is entrusted
he is entrusted with with the the kingdom
kingdom and discharges
and discharges
that trust;
that trust ;and
and thatthat theythey have have aa powerpower to to judge whether he
judge whether he
*have* discharged
*have* discharged this this trust
trust or or not
not: 8.
: 8. That
That they
they maymay dispose
dispose
of the
of the King when they
King when they will.will.
B&.
B. This
This is plain dealing
is plain dealing and and without
without hypocrisy.
hypocrisy. Could
Could
the city
the city ofof London
London swallow swallow this this??
A,
A. Yes;
Yes and and more
; more too, too, if if need
need be. be. London,
London, you you know,
know,
has aa great
has great belly,
belly, but but no no palate
palate nor nor taste
taste ofof right
right and and wrong.
wrong.
In the
In the Parliament-roll
Parliament-roll of of Henry
Henry IV., IV., amongst
amongst the articles of
the articles of
the oath
the oath the King at
the King at hishis coronation
coronation took, took, there
there is is one one runsruns
thus: Concedes
thus: justas leges
Concedes justas leges et et consuetudines
consuetudines esse esse tenendas
tenendas ;; et et
promittis per
promittis per tete cas esse protegendas,
eas esse protegendas, et et ad
ad honorem
honorem Dei Dei corro-
corro-
borandas, quas
borandas, vulgus elegerit.
quas vulgus elegerit, Which Which the the Parliament
Parliament urged urged
for their
for their legislative authority, and
legislative authority, and therefore
therefore interpret
interpret quas guas
vulgus elegerit,
vulgus which the
elegerit, which the people
people shallshall choose;
choose; as as if if the
the KingKing
should swear
should swear to to protect
protect and and corroborate
corroborate laws before they
laws before they
were made,
were whether they
made, whether they be be good
good or or bad;
bad whereas
; whereas the the
word signifies
word signifies no no more, more, but but that that he he shall protect and
shall protect and
corroborate such
corroborate such laws laws as as they
they have have chosen,
chosen, that that is is to
to say,
say,
the Acts
the Acts of Parliament then
of Parliament then in in being.
being. And
And inin the the records
records
of the
of the Exchequer
Exchequer it it is is thus
thus: "“ Will
: W7ll you
you grant
grant to to hold
hold and and
keep the
keep the laws
laws and and rightful
rightful customs customs which which the the commonalty
commonalty of of
this your
this your kingdom
kingdom, have, have, and and will will you
you defend
defend and uphold them
and uphold them ??
&c.” And
&°c." And thisthis was was the the answer
answer his his Majesty
Majesty made made to to that
that
point.
point.
&.
B. AndAnd II think
think this this answer
answer very very full
full and clear. But
and clear. But if it
the words
the words werewere to to be be interpreted
interpreted in in the
the other sense, yet
other sense, yet II
see no
see no reason
reason why why the the King King shouldshould be be bound
bound to to swear
swear to to
them.
them. For Henry IV.
For Henry IV. camecame to to the
the Crown
Crown by by thethe votes
votes of of aa
Parliament not
Parliament not muchmuch inferior inferior in in wickedness
wickedness to to this
this LongLong
Parliament, that
Parliament, that deposed
deposed and and murdered
murdered their lawful King
their lawful King ;
Dialogue 2.2.
Dialogue BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 105
105

saving that
saving that it was
it was not
not the
the Parliament
Parliament itself,
itself, but
but the usurper
the usurper
iuai murdered
i.Iia.1murdered King King Richard
Richard II. II.
A. About
A. About aa week
week after,
after, inin the
the beginning
beginning of of May,
May, thethe Par-
Par-
liament sent
liament sent the King another
the King another paper,
paper, which
which they styled the
they styled the
humble petition
humble petition and advice of
and advice of both
both Houses,
Houses, containing
containing
nineteen propositions
nineteen propositions ; which,
; which, when
when youyou shall hear, you
shall hear, you will
will
be able
be able to judge what
to judge what power
power they
they meant
meant to to leave
leave to the King,
to the King,
more than
more than toto any one of
any one of his
his subjects.
subjects. The
The first of them
first of them is is
this:
this:
1. That
1. That the Lords and
the Lords and others
others of of his
his Majesty’s privy-
Majesty's privy-
council,
council, and
and all great officers
all great officers *and
“and ministers*
ministers* of
of state, both at
state, both at
home and
home and abroad,
abroad, be be put
put from
from their
their employments
employments and and from
from
his council,
his council, save only such
save only such as as should
should be be approved
approved of of byby both
both
Houses of
Houses of Parliament
Parliament ; and and none
; none putput into
into their places but
their places but
by approbation
by approbation of of the
the said
said Houses.
Houses. And
And that all privy-
that all privy-
councillors take
councillors take an an oath
oath for for thethe due
due execution
execution of of their
their
places, in
places, in such form as
such form as shall
shall be be agreed
agreed upon
upon by the said
by the said
Houses.
Houses.
2. That
2. That the great affairs
the great affairs ofof thethe kingdom
kingdom be debated,
be debated,
resolved, and
resolved, transacted only
and transacted only inin Parliament
Parliament; and and such
; such as as
shall presume
shall presume to to do
do anything
anything to to the
the contrary,
contrary, be reserved
be reserved
to the
to the censure of the
censure of the Parliament
Parliament ; and
; and such
such other matters of
other matters of
state, as are proper
state, as are proper forfor his
his Majesty's
Majesty’s privy-council,
privy-council, shall
shall bebe
debated and
debated and concluded,
concluded, by by such
such asas shall
shall from
from time to time
time to time
be chosen
be chosen for
for that place by
that place by both
both Houses
Houses of of Parliament;
Parliament and and ;

that no
that public act
no public act concerning
concerning the the affairs
affairs of
of the kingdom,
the kingdom,
which are
which proper for
are proper for his
his privy-council,
privy-council, be be esteemed valid, as
esteemed valid, as
proceeding from
proceeding from thethe royal
royal authority,
authority, unless it be
unless it done by
be done by
the advice
the advice and consent of_
and consent of the major part
the major of the
part of council,
the council,
attested under
attested their hands;
under their hands; and and that
that the
the council
council be be not
not
more than
more than twenty-five, nor less
twenty-five, nor less than
than fifteen
fifteen; and that when
and that when ;

a councillor's
a councillor’s place
place falls void
void in
falls in the
the interval
interval of
of Parliament,
Parliament,
it shall
it shall not
not be supplied without
be supplied without the
the assent
assent ofof the major part
the major part
of the
of the council; and that
council and; that such
such choice
choice alsoalso shall be void,
shall be void, if
if
the next
the next Parliament after confirm
Parliament after confirm it it not.
not.
3. That
3. That the Lord High
the Lord High Steward
Steward of of England,
England, Lord High
Lord High
Constable, Lord
Constable, Chancellor, or
Lord Chancellor, or Lord
Lord Keeper
Keeper of the Great
of the Great
106
io6 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue
Dialogue 2.
2.

Seal,
Seal, Lord Treasurer, Lord
Lord Treasurer, Lord Privy-Seal,
Privy-Seal, Earl Marshal, Lord
Earl Marshal, Lord
Admiral,
Admiral, Warden
Warden of of the
the Cinque
Cinque Ports, Ports, Chief Governor of
Chief Governor of
Ireland, Chancellor
Ireland, Chancellor of of the
the Exchequer,
Exchequer, Master Master of of the
the Wards,
Wards,
Secretaries of
Secretaries of State,
State, two two Chief
Chief Justices
Justices and Chief Baron,
and Chief Baron,
be always
be always chosen
chosen with with approbation
approbation of both Houses
of both Houses of of Par-,
Par-.
liament ; and
liament ; and in in thethe intervals
intervals of of Parliaments
Parliaments by by the the major
major
part of
part the privy-council.
of the privy-council.
4.4. ThatThat thethe governors
governors of of the
the King's
King’s children
children shall shall be be
such as
such as both Houses shall
both Houses shall approve
approve of of;; and
and in the intervals
in the intervals
of Parliament,
of Parliament, such such as as the
the privy-council
privy-council shall approve of;
shall approve of;
that the
that the servants
servants then then about
about them,
them, against
against whomwhom the the Houses
Houses
have just
have just exception,
exception, shall shall bebe removed.
removed.
s,5. ThatThat no no marriage
marriage be be concluded
concluded or or treated
treated of of for
for any
any
of the
of the King’s children, without
King's children, without consent
consent of of Parliament.
Parliament
6.6. ThatThat the the lawslaws in in force
force against
against Jesuits, priests, and
Jesuits, priests, and
popish recusants,
popish recusants, be be strictly
strictly putput in in execution.
execution.
4.7. That
That thethe votes
votes of of Popish
Popish lordslords in in the
the House
House of of Peers
Peers
be taken
be taken away,
away, andand that that aa bill
bill bebe passed
passed for for the education of
the education of
the children
the children of of Papists
Papists in in the
the Protestant
Protestant religion.
religion.

8.8. That
That thethe King
King will will bebe pleased
pleased to to reform
reform the the Church-
Church-
government and
government and liturgy
liturgy in in such
such manner
manner as as both Houses of
both Houses of
Parliament shall
Parliament shall advise.
advise.
g. That
9. That he he would
would be be pleased
pleased to to rest
rest satisfied
satisfied withwith thatthat
course that
course that thethe LordsLords and and Commons
Commons have appointed for
have appointed for
ordering the
ordering méitia ;; and
the militia and recall
recall his his declarations
declarations and and procla-
procla-
mations against
mations against it. it.
1o,
10. ThatThat suchsuch membersmembers as as have
have beenbeen put put outout of of anyany
place or
place or office since this
office since this Parliament
Parliament began, began, may may be be restored,
restored,
or have
or have satisfaction.
satisfaction.

11.
11. That
That allall privy-councillors
privy-councillors and and judges take an
judges take an oath
oath
(the form
(the form whereof shall
whereof shall be agreed
be agreed onon and
and settled
settled byby act
act of
of
Parliament), for
Parliament), for the
the maintaining
maintaining of of the
the Petition
Petition of of Right,
Right,
and of
and of certain statutes made
certain statutes made byby this
this Parliament.
Parliament.
r2.
12. That all the
That all the judges
judges and
and officers
officers placed by approbation
placed by approbation
of both
of both Houses
Houses of of Parliament,
Parliament, may
may hold
hold their places quam
their places guan
adiu bene
diu bene se
se gesserint,
gesserint.

13.
13. That
That thethe justice
justice ofof Parliament
Parliament may pass upon
may pass upon all
all
Dialogue 2.2.
Dialogue BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 107
107

delinquents, whether
delinquents, they be
whether they be within
within the
the kingdom
kingdom or fled out
or fled out
of
of it; and
it and that
; all persons
that all persons cited
cited by
by either
either House
House ofof Parlia-
Parlia-
ment, may
ment, may appear and abide
appear and abide the
the censure
censure of
of Parliament.
Parliament.
14. That
14. That the general pardon
the general pardon offered
offered by
by his
his Majesty, be
Majesty, be
granted with
granted with such exceptions as
such exceptions as shall
shall be
be advised by both
advised by both
Houses of
Houses of Parliament.
Parliament
8. What
B. What aa spiteful article was
spiteful article was this!
this! All
All the
the rest proceeded
rest proceeded
from ambition,
from which many
ambition, which many times
times well-natured
well-natured men
men areare
subject to;
subject to; but this proceeded
but this proceeded from
from an
an inhuman
inhuman and devilish
and devilish
crnelty.
cruelty.

A.
A. 15.
15. That the forts
That the forts and
and castles
castles be
be put
put under the com-
under the com-
mand of
mand of such
such persons
persons as, as, with
with the
the approbation
approbation of the Par-
of the Par-
liament, the
liament, the King shall appoint.
King shall appoint.
16. That
16. That the extraordinary guards
the extraordinary guards about
about the King be
the King be
discharged ; and
discharged for the
and for
; the future
future none
none raised
raised but according
but according
to the
to the law,
law, in
in case of actual
case of actual rebellion
rebellion or
or invasion.
invasion.
B. Methinks
B. these very
Methinks these very propositions
propositions sent
sent to
to the King are
the King are
an actual
an actual rebellion.
rebellion.

A. 17.
A. 1 7. Thathis Majesty *be
That his Majesty *be pleased
pleased to*
to* enter
enter into a more
into a more
strict alliance with
strict alliance the United
with the United Provinces,
Provinces, and
and other neigh-
other neigh-
bour Protestant
bour Princes and
Protestant Princes and States.
States. ,
18. That
18. That his Majesty be
his Majesty be pleased,
pleased, byby act
act of
of Parliament,
Parliament, to to
clear the
clear the Lord Kimbolton and
Lord Kimbolton and the
the five
five members
members of of the
the
House of
House Commons, in
of Commons, in such
such manner
manner as as that
that future Parlia-
future. Parlia-

ments may
ments may be secured from
be secured from the
the consequence
consequence of that evil
of that evil
precedent.
precedent.
19.
19. That
That his Majesty be
his Majesty be pleased
pleased toto pass
pass aa bill
bill for restrain-
for restrain-

ing peers
ing peers made hereafter, from
made hereafter, from sitting
sitting or
or voting
voting in in Parlia-
Parlia-
ment, unless
ment, unless they be admitted
they be admitted with
with the
the consent
consent of
of both
both
Houses of
Houses of Parliament.
Parliament
These propositions
These granted, they
propositions granted, they promise
promise to
to apply them-
apply them-
selves to
selves to regulate his Majesty's
regulate his Majesty’s revenue
revenue to
to his
his best
best advantage,
advantage,
and to
and to settle
settle itit to the support
to the support ofof his
his royal
royal dignity in honour
dignity in honour
and plenty;
and plenty ; and
and alsoalso to
to put
put the
the town
town of Hull into
of Hull into such
such
hands as
hands as his
his Majesty shall appoint
Majesty shall appoint with
with consent of Parlia-
consent of Parlia-
ment.
ment.
&. Is
B. Is not
not that to put
that to put it into
it into such
such hands
hands as
as his Majesty
his Majesty
108
io8 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 22
Dialogue

shall appoint
shall appoint by the
by the consent
consent ofof the
the petitioners, which is
petitioners, which is no
no
more than
more than to keep it
to keep it in
in their
their hands
hands as
as it
it is?
is? Did they want,
Did they want,
or think
or think the
the King
King wanted,
wanted, common
common sense,
sense, so as not
so as not to
to per-
per-
ceive that
ceive that their
their promise
promise herein
herein was
was worth
worth nothing?
nothing ?
A.
A. After the sending
After the sending of
of these
these propositions
propositions to
to the
the King,
King,
and his
and his Majesty’s refusal to
Majesty's refusal to grant
grant them,
them, theythey began,
began, on on both
both
sides, to
sides, to prepare for war.
prepare for war. TheThe KingKing raising
raising aa guard
guard forfor his
his
person in
person in Yorkshire;
Yorkshire and and the
; the Parliament,
Parliament, thereupon having
thereupon having
voted that
voted that the King intended
the King intended to to make
make warwar upon
upon hishis Parlia-
Parlia-
ment, gave
ment, order for
gave order for the
the mustering
mustering and and exercising
exercising the
the people
people
in arms,
in arms, and published propositions
and published propositions to to invite
invite and encourage
and encourage
them to
them to bring in either
bring in either ready
ready money
money or or plate, or to
plate, or to promise
promise
under their
under hands to
their hands to furnish
furnish and
and maintain
maintain certain numbers
certain numbers
of horse,
of horse, horsemen,
horsemen, and and arms,
arms, for
for the
the defence
defence of of the
the King
King
and Parliament
and (meaning by
Parliament (meaning by King,
King, as as they had formerly
they had formerly
declared, not
declared, his person,
not his person, but
but his
his laws)
laws); ; promising to repay
promising to repay
their
their money
money withwith interest
interest of of 8/.
8/. inin the
the 100/.
100/. and
and thethe value
value of of
their plate
their plate with twelve-pence the
with twelve-pence the ounce for
ounce for the fashion. On
the fashion. On
the other
the other side, the King
side, the King camecame to to Nottingham,
Nottingham, and and there
there did did
set up
set up his
his standard royal, and
standard royal, and sentsent out out commissions
commissions of of array
array
to call
to call those
those toto him,
him, which
which by by thethe ancient
ancient lawslaws of of England
England
were bound
were bound to to serve
serve himhim in in thethe wars.
wars. Upon
Upon this this occasion
occasion
there passed
there divers declarations
passed divers declarations between between the King and
the King and Par-Par-
liament concerning
liament concerning the the legality
legality of of this
this array, which are
array, which are tootoo
long to
long to tell you at
tell you at this
this time.
time.
B.
B. NorNor do do II desire
desire to to hearhear any any mooting
mooting about about this this
question.
question. For II think
For think that
that general
general law law of of salus populi, and
salus populi, and
the right
the right of defending himself
of defending himself against
against thosethose that
that had had taken
taken
from him the sovereign power, are
from him the sovereign power, are sufficient
sufficient to to make
make legal legal
whatsoever he
whatsoever he should
should do do in in order
order to the recovery
to the recovery of of hishis.
kingdom, or
kingdom, to the
or to the punishing
punishing of of thethe rebels.
rebels.
A.
A. InIn the meantime the
the meantime the Parliament
Parliament raised raised an an army,
army, and and
made the Earl of Essex general
made the Earl of Essex general thereof;
thereof; by by which
which act act they
they
declared what
declared they meant
what they meant formerly,
formerly, when when they petitioned the
they petitioned the
King for
King for aa guard
guard to to be
be commanded
commanded by by the said Earl
the said Earl of of
Essex.
Essex. And
And now now the the King
King sends sends out out his proclamations,
his proclamations,

forbidding obedience
forbidding obedience to to the
the orders
orders of of the
the Parliament
Parliament con- con-
 ;
;

Dialogue 2.
Dialogues. BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. 109
109

cerning the
earning the md:tia; and the
militia; and the Parliament
Parliament send
send out orders
out orders
against the
against the execution of the
execution of the commissions
commissions of
of array.
array. Hitherto,
Hitherto,
though itit were
though were aa war
war before,
before, yet
yet there
there was
was no
no blood shed;
blood shed
they shot
they shot at
at one another nothing
one another nothing but
but paper.
paper.
ZB. 11 understand
B. now, how
understand now, how the
the Parliament
Parliament destroyed the
destroyed the
peace of
peace of the
the kingdom;
kingdom ; andand how
how easily,
easily, by
by the help of
the help of
seditious Presbyterian
seditious ministers,
Presbyterian ministers, and of
and of ambitious ignorant
ambitious ignorant
orators, they
orators, they reduced
reduced this this government
government into into anarchy.
anarchy. But II
But
believe itit will
believe will bebe a a harder
harder task task for
for them
them to to bring
bring inin peace
peace
again, and
again, and settle the government,
settle the government, either either inin themselves,
themselves, or or in
in
any other
any other governor,
governor, or or form
form of of government.
government. For, granting
For, granting
that they
that they obtained
obtained the the victory
victory in in this
this war,
war, they must be
they must be
beholding for
beholding for it to the
it to the valour,
valour, good
good conduct,
conduct, or felicity of
or felicity of
those to
those to whom
whom they they give give the the command
command of of their armies ;
their armies

especially to
especially to the general, whose
the general, whose good good success
success will, without
will, without

doubt, draw
doubt, draw withwith it it the
the love
love and
and admiration
admiration of of the soldiers ;
the soldiers
so that
so that itit will
will bebe in
in hishis power,
power, either
either to to take
take the
the government
government
upon
upon himself,
himself, or to place
or to place it it where
where he he himself
himself thinks good.
thinks good.
In which
In which case, if he
case, if he take
take it
it not
not to
to himself,
himself, hehe will
will be thought
be thought
a fool
a fool; ; and
and ifif he do, he
he do, he shall
shall be
be sure
sure to
to have
have thethe envy
envy ofof his
his
subordinate commanders,
subordinate commanders, who who *will*
*will* look
look for
for aa share either in
share either in
the present
the present government, or in
government, or in the
the succession
succession to
to it.
it. For they
For they
will say
will say: ‘"Has
: Has hehe obtained
obtained thisthis power
power by by his
his own, without
own, without
our danger,
our danger, valour, and counsel?
valour, and counsel? and and must must we we be
be his slaves,
his slaves,

whom we
whom we have thus raised?
have thus raised? Or, is
Or, is not
not there
there as as much
much
justice on
justice on our
our side against him,
side against him, asas was
was on on hishis side against
side against
the King?"
the King ?”
A.
A. They
They will, and did
will, and did; insomuch,
insomuch, that
; that itit was
was the reason
the reason
why Cromwell,
why Cromwell, afterafter he
he had
had gotten
gotten intointo his his ownown hands
hands the the
absolute power
absolute power of of England,
England, Scotland,
Scotland, and and Ireland,
Ireland, by by thethe
name of
name Protector, did
of Protector, did never
never daredare to to take
take upon
upon him him the the
title of
title of King,
King, nor was ever
nor was ever able
able to to settle
settle itit upon
upon his his chil-
chil-
dren. His
dren. His officers would not
officers would not suffer
suffer it,
it, as
as pretending
pretending after after hishis
death to
death to succeed
succeed him him; nor;nor would
would the the army
army consent
consent to to it,
it,
because he
because he had ever declared
had ever declared to to them
them against
against the govern-
the govern-
ment of
ment of aa single person.
single person.

Z.
B. ButBut toto return
return toto the
the King.
King. What means
What means had had he he to to
 ;

110 BEHEMOTH.
BEHEMOTH. Dialogue 3.
Dialogue 3.

pay, what
pay, what provision
provision had he
had he to arm, nay,
to arm, nay, means
means toto levy,
levy, an
an
army able
army able to resist the
to resist the army
army of of the
the Parliament, maintained
Parliament, maintained
by the
by the great purse of
great purse of the
the city
city of
of London,
London, and contributions
and contributions
of almost
of almost all the towns
all the towns corporate
corporate in in England, and furnished
England, and furnished
with arms,
with arms, as fully as
as fully as they
they could
could require
require ??
A.
A. ’Tis
Tis true,
true, thethe King
King had
had great
great disadvantages,
disadvantages, and and yet
yet
by little
by little and little he
and little he got
got aa considerable
considerable army, with which
army, with which he he
sO prospered,
so prospered, as as toto grow
grow stronger
stronger every
every day, and the
day, and the Parlia-
Parlia-
ment weaker;
ment weaker ; tilltill they
they had
had gotten
gotten the
the Scots, with an
Scots, with an army
army
of 21,000
of men, to
21,000 men, to come
come into
into England
England to to their assistance.
their assistance.
But to
But to enter into the
enter into the particular
particular narration
narration of what was
of what was done
done
in the
in the war, I
war, Ihave not
have not now
now time.
time.
B.
B. Well then ; we
Well then we will
will talk
; talk of
of that
that at
at next meeting.
next meeting.

DIALOGUE III.
DIALOGUE III.

&. WE
B. We left at the
left at the preparations
preparations on on both
both sides
sides forfor warwar;
which, when
which, when II considered
considered by by myself,
myself, II was
was mightily puzzled
mightily puzzled
to find
to find out what possibility
out what possibility there
there was
was for
for the
the King
King to to equal
equal
the Parliament
the Parliament in in such
such aa course,
course, andand what
what hopes
hopes he he hadhad of of
money, men,
money, arms, fortified
men, arms, fortified places,
places, shipping, counsel, and
shipping, counsel, and
military officers,
military sufficient for
officers, sufficient for such
such anan enterprise against the
enterprise against the
Parliament, that
Parliament, that had
had men
men and
and money
money as as much
much at at command,
command,
as the
as the city
city ofof London,
London, and and other
other corporation towns, were
corporation towns, were
able to
able to furnish, which was
furnish, which was more
more thanthan they
they needed.
needed. And
And
for the
for the men they should
men they should setset forth
forth for
for soldiers, they were
soldiers, they were
almost
almost all
all of them spitefully
of them spitefully bent
bent against
against the King and
the King and his
his
whole party,
whole whom they
party, whom they took
took toto be
be either
either papists,
papists, oror flatterers
flatterers
of the
of the King,
King, or or that
that had
had designed
designed to to raise
raise their fortunes by
their fortunes by
the plunder
the plunder of of the
the city
city and
and other
other corporation
corporation towns.
towns. And
And
though II believe
though believe notnot that
that they
they were
were more
more valiant than other
valiant than other
men, nor
men, nor that they had
that they had soso much
much experience
experience inin the
the war,
war, asas to
to
be accounted
be accounted good good soldiers;
soldiers; yet yet they
they had that in
had that in them,
them,
which in
which in time
time ofof battle
battle isis more
more conducing
conducing to victory than
to victory than
valour and
valour experience both
and experience both together
together ; and
; and that was spite.
that was spite.