Vietnamese study
citation Name
1 Relations of Parenting Style
and Parental Involvement with
Ninth-Grade Students’
Achievement
2 A review of the relationship
among parenting practices,
parenting styles, and
adolescent school
achievement.
3 Parenting Styles: A Closer look
at a Well-Known concept.
4 Parental Influences on
adolescent Adjustment:
Parenting styles versus
Related main points
- Parents’ own reports of their parenting were
not related to their adolescents’
achievement outcome.
- Higher levels of parental control were
related to higher levels of achievement.
- Although it might be expected that lower
levels of demandingness would enhance the
increased importance of autonomy in early
adolescence, the results suggested that
negative outcomes, especially in boys, may
be result of too much independence too
soon.
- Parental use of love-oriented strategies was
associated with children’s display of self-
control and self-regulation.
- Parents who provide their children with
nurture, independence, and firm control had
children with higher levels of competence
and social adeptness. (Baldwin, 1948; Sears
et al., 1957)
- Steinberg et al. (1992) found that
authoritative parenting was related to
adolescent grade point average (GPA) and
school engagement.
- An authoritarian parenting style has
consistently been associated with negative
developmental outcomes, such as
aggression, delinquent behaviors, somatic
complaints, depersonalization, and anxiety.
- Children of neglectful parents (low-low) have
shown the least favorable outcomes on
multiple domains.
- Children of authoritarian parents
demonstrated more negative (hyperactivity,
conduct problem, emotional symptoms) and
less positive (prosocial behavior) child
outcomes compared to children whose
parents belonged to another parenting
styles.
- Authoritative parenting style demonstrate
statistically significant higher math and
reading scores than the other clusters. The
 Parenting Practices.
5 Perceived parenting styles,
depersonalization, anxiety and
coping behavior in
adolescents.
6 Relationship between
Parenting Style and Children’s
Behavior Problems
7 Authoritative Parenting and
Parental Support for Children’s
cognitive development
8 Is Parental Support or Parental
Involvement More Important
for Adolescents.
9 Exploring the effect of
parental styles on social skills:
the mediating role of affects.
children with this parenting profile have
more positive self-concept and internal locus
of control than other parenting profile.
- Few significant correlations between coping
strategies and parenting measures, with
exception of warmth, which was associated
with more use of active coping strategies.
- Regarding the use of active coping
strategies, the authoritative and permissive
parenting style groups showed the highest
levels of active coping, and the authoritarian
as well as the indifferent parenting style
group the lowest.
- Authoritative parenting style with high
responsiveness and high demanding in
parenting behavior has shown to be directly
related to less children’s internalizing and
externalizing symptoms.
- Resilience is the successful coping with
injuries, stressors, and difficult situations.
Resilience is an interactive process among
three factors: children’s intrinsic values, the
family’s supportive role, and the supportive
community.
- Parental support has a direct effect on
coping, hope, and resilience (t= 0.09, B=
0.01).
- Based on self-determination theory, parents
help meet adolescent’s basic psychological
needs, which provides the foundation for
them to achieve high levels of well-being
and health.
- The findings from regression analysis
indicated that both parental support and
involvement positively predicted academic
self-efficacy and self-esteem in the students.
This led to the conclusion that both aspects
of parental engagement are equally
important for a student's academic well-
being
- Study found that parenting styles have a
mediating effect on positive and negative
affects in children, indicating a significant

10 The role of basic
Psychological needs
satisfaction and frustration.
11 Parenting styles, coping
strategies, and the expression
of homesickness.
12 Relationship between
parenting styles and
adolescents’ Self-Esteem
emotional role of parenting styles. This
aligns with previous research linking
parenting styles with variables such as
subjective wellbeing.
- Children educated under a democratic
parental regime tend to yield higher scores
in terms of social skills than children
educated under any other form of parental
regime and medium scores in terms of
affects.
- Baumrind's typological approach considers
two dimensions of parenting:
responsiveness and demandingness. The
study explores how different combinations
of these dimensions form various parenting
styles, such as authoritative, authoritarian,
and permissive. Responsiveness involves
actions that encourage individuality, self-
regulation, and self-assertion, while
demandingness involves setting reasonable
demands accompanied by monitoring and
disciplinary efforts. The study suggests that
the combination of these dimensions in
varying degrees forms distinct parenting
styles, which in turn have different impacts
on adolescents' emotional well-being
- The results indicated that students raised by
authoritative and permissive parents
experienced more homesickness with
stronger feelings than those raised by
authoritarian or uninvolved parents.
However, they tended to express less
homesickness through internalizing or
externalizing problems due to their effective
coping strategies. In contrast, students with
authoritarian or uninvolved parents showed
more internalizing and externalizing
problems and used less effective coping
strategies
- Pearson correlation coefficient test showed
a positive significant relationship between
flexible parenting style and adolescent self-
esteem for fathers ( r = 0.141, p = .001) and
mothers ( r = 0.137, p = .001). Research

13 Perceptions of Vietnamese
fathers’ acculturation levels,
parenting styles, and mental
health outcomes in
Vietnamese American
adolescent immigrants.
14 Support from parents, peers,
and teachers is differently
associated with middle school
students’ Well-Being.
15 Parental Support and
Adolescents’ Coping with
Academic Stressors: A
Longitudinal Study of Parents’
Influence Beyond Academic
Pressure and Achievement
16 Current research on parenting
styles, dimensions, and
beliefs.
findings reveal significant association
between perceived parenting styles and
adolescents' self-esteem.
- Most Vietnamese parents tend to use the
authoritarian parenting method in which
dictatorial approaches are enforced, possibly
leading to family conflicts and mental health
issues.
- Findings revealed that most of the
adolescents perceived that their fathers
have not acculturated to the U.S. culture and
continue to practice the traditional
authoritarian parenting style, regardless of
the amount of time spent in the United
States. Furthermore, results indicate that
adolescents who perceived their fathers as
using the authoritarian parenting style
reported lower levels of self-esteem and
higher depression scores when compared
with those who perceived their fathers as
using the authoritative parenting style
- The results of the structural equation model,
analyzed with the statistical software R,
indicate that students who perceived their
parents as supportive reported higher well-
being with respect to all three dimensions
investigated (self-worth, psychological and
physical well-being).
- Most correlations between parenting and
ways of coping were in the expected
directions – students who experienced more
parental support (and less parent negative
interactions) also reported more
engagement and less disengagement and
escape coping, and more comfort-seeking.
- Parental support and parent negative
interactions were significantly associated
with students’ academic coping, even after
adjusting for academic pressures, grades in
school, age, and data collection timing
- Traditionally, parenting was viewed in terms
of broad, global styles, with authoritative
parenting often seen as most beneficial for
child development. However, recent trends

17 Attachment styles, parenting
styles, and depression.
18 Children’s Self-Esteem and
Parental support.
19 Early adolescent empathy,
parental support, and
antisocial behavior.
20 Is Parental Support or Parental
Involvement More Important for
have shifted towards acknowledging cultural
and contextual variations, leading to a more
nuanced approach in defining parenting.
- There has been increased emphasis on how
the effects of parenting on children’s
development are mediated or moderated by
different beliefs and on the different
meanings behaviors have in different
cultural contexts.
- The results of the present study indicated
that there was a significant relationship
between parenting style and depression.
- Authoritative parenting was linked to lower
depression levels in students.
- The method of raising children is highly
significant and can prevent many
psychosocial damages. Parenting style can
predict psychosocial growth, health, and
children’s behavioral problems in the future.
- Results confirm findings from cross-sectional
data that suggest that parental support-as
measured by children's reports-affects self-
esteem (was measured by five items
adapted from the Rosenberg self-esteem
scale).
- The level of self-esteem in children
influenced how much support they reported
receiving from their parents. Additionally,
the research highlighted a gender difference,
revealing that parental support had a more
substantial effect on the self-esteem of girls
compared to boys.
- The level of parental support appeared to be
negatively related to delinquent and
aggressive behavior.
- The association between higher levels of
parental support and lower levels of future
antisocial behavior did not depend on the
level of affective empathy.
- The influence of parental support on
changes in antisocial behavior would be
stronger for girls than for boys.
- Academic self-esteem was positively
correlated with parental support and
 Adolescents. positively correlated with parental
involvement. Parental support and parental
involvement were also positively correlated
with each other.
- Academic self-efficacy and academic self-
esteem were also positively correlated with
each other.
- These suggest that parental involvement and
support are both important to a student’s
academic well-being.

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