THE CHALLENGES AND COPING STRATEGIES OF TEEN STREET

FOOD VENDORS IN BARANGAY TAMBLER,

GENERAL SANTOS CITY

A Research Paper Presented to the

Senior High School Faculty of Banisil National High School

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Submitted by:

NORHAKIM NAKAN MINDOG

ZENDIE ROSE TUAN BALBIRAN
LEANDRO BARNUEVO TEODORO
REYMARC DAKILA HERMOSISIMA
KYLE DALION BOMBITA
GISELLE LUKINA MASAGANA
APPLE JENNIE LAWA BUSCATO

Academic Track: Humanities and Social Sciences Strand

March 2024
 SAMPLE 2

Republic of the Philippines

Region XII
Division of City Schools
BANISIL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Tambler, General Santos City

APPROVAL SHEET

This research paper entitled “DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVISED

TURBINE USING RENEWABLE SOURCES TO POWER A BULB” prepared
and submitted by JONARD P. TIGAS, PABLITO L. BUHANG JR., WYNLAB S.
CALDERON, BENJIE G. MANGULAMAS, ISAIAH M. ALANZA, RUSSEL O.
IMAN, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL-
LIVELIHOOD TRACK: ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
specialization has been examined and is recommended for oral examination.

LIENDON JOEY A. PARREÑO

Research Adviser

PANEL OF EXAMINERS
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination

JOHN Q. AGUILAR
Chairman

RANDY M. GEPULLA LIENDON JOEY A. PARREÑO

Member Member

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

TECHNICAL-VOCATIONAL-LIVELIHOOD TRACK: ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE.

Recommended by: Approved by:

CHERRY ANN Q. CATUBIG EDDIE H. ATAY, Ed. D.

Senior High School Coordinator School Principal

_________________________ ______________________
Date Date
 SAMPLE 3

Development of Improvised Turbine using Renewable Sources to Power a Bulb.

Unpublished Research Paper of Technical-Vocational-Livelihood Track: Electrical
Installation and Maintenance specialization. Senior High School Department,
Banisil National High School, General Santos City. June 2023.

ABSTRACT

This study dealt with the development of improvised turbine with the use of
renewable sources in powering a bulb, it aimed to discover the results and the
extent quality of the improvised turbine in terms of its usability, maintainability,
and safety. The study used renewable sources which are wind and water. This
study used Research and Development (R & D) design to develop a prototype to
be validated, the improvised turbine was constructed at the EIM laboratory in
Banisil National High School and was validated by five (5) team validators and
five (5) expert validators. The developed improvised turbine were approved and
validated by both groups of respondents in terms of usability, maintainability and
safety. Based on the findings, voltage was stored in a sealed lead-acid battery by
using improvised turbine and three (3) bulbs were continuously supply by a
sealed lead-acid battery with different duration of time according to its wattage:
3W, 5W, and 9W. Conclusions were drawn that the improvised turbine generated
high voltage and continuously supply a DC LED bulb. Furthermore, the extent
quality of the improvised turbine was highly usable, highly maintainable, and
highly safe.
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Keywords: Improvised Turbine, Prototype, Renewable Sources, Research and

Development (R&D), Electrical Installation and Maintenance (EIM), Banisil
National High School (BNHS)
 SAMPLE
5

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to convey their heartfelt and sincerest

gratitude to the following individuals who generously assisted and supported

them in making this research a complete success. Sample only.

Enumerate the people you would like to thank.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Abstract iii
Acknowledgment iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vi
List of Figures viii
List of Appendices Ix

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study 1
Statement of the Problem 1
Significance of the Study 1
Scope and Delimitation 1
Definition of Terms 1

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature 1
Related Studies 1
Theoretical Framework 1

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
Research Design 1
Participants of the Study 1
Locale of the Study 1
Sampling Technique 1
Data Gathering Instrument 1
Data Gathering Procedure 1
Data Analysis 1
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CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND

INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Insert Subsection Title 1
Insert Subsection Title 1

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS,

RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary 1
Findings 1
Conclusions 1
Recommendations 1

REFERENCES 1
 SAMPLE 8

LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1 Voltage Stored in a Battery 34

2 Corresponding Duration of Battery to Supply Power 35

3 Usability of the Prototype 36

4 Maintainability of the Prototype 37

5 Safety of the Prototype 38

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SAMPLE

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Page

1 Conceptual Framework 21

2 Three Phases in Conducting the Study 24

3 Flowchart of Pilot Testing and Troubleshooting 25

4 Schematic Diagram 26

5 Data Gathering Procedure 29

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LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendi
Page
x

A Letter to the Principal 50

B Letter to the Validators 51

C Research Questionnaire 55

D Validation Tool 57

E Validation Rating 58

F Validation Result 59

G Letter to the Respondents 60

H Materials Used in Conducting the Study 61

I Documentation 62

J User’s Manual 64

K Gantt Chart 66

L Budgetary Plan 67
 1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

This chapter consists of five parts namely (1) Background of the Study,

which presents the purpose and rationale of the study; (2) Statement of the

Problem, which states the general and specific problems of the study; (3)

Significance of the Study, which discusses the benefits that may be derived from

the results of the study and enumerates the persons who would benefit from

them; (4) Scope and Delimitation of the Study, which specifies the coverage and

the limitation of the study; and (5) Definition of Terms, which provides the

conceptual and operational definitions of important terms used in the study.

Background of the Study

Teen street vendors in Barangay Tambler face several challenges in their

daily activities. Street vendors sells goods and offer services in broadly defined

public spaces, including open-air spaces, transport junctions and construction

sites. Street vendors are a large and very visible workforce in cities nor in streets.

Street vendors are often persecuted, live in uncertainty, and work in poor

conditions with little access to infrastructure. They face problems of eviction,

bribe payment, inability to access various government facilities, lack of facilities

such as toilet, lighting, etc., lack of social security and other similar hurdles. In a

city like Delhi, where 2.5% of the population consists of street vendors, they find

it difficult to survive. Improving the conditions of work of street vendors and their
 2

economic, social and legal status is a huge challenge for the state (Kumari,

2015).

The Filipino food takes on an obviously evolving nature, from the streets of

Quezon City such as the street food that is more than just a convenience food

source in the Philippines. Street vending is an integral part of the landscape and

culture of Filipinos (Tacio, 2012). Street vendors in the Philippines have

employed various strategies to cope with the challenges posed by the COVID-19

pandemic. These strategies include reducing employee salaries, managing

spending and making priority scales, engaging in side jobs, and relying on social

relations.

The inability of street vendors to obtain permanent employment in the

lucrative formal sector is due to their lack of expertise and training in the

profession. With the limited money they have available, they try to solve their

financial concerns (Solidum, 2023). Teen street food vendors in General Santos

City face various challenges, including adapting to COVID-19 restrictions,

negotiating space with local authorities, and dealing with health risks associated

with their work environment.

Teen street vendors usually sacrifice their studies to sell goods in the

street, the problem behind this is a lack of financial support for their education.

Eventually, this can cause to lack of opportunities in the future such as full-time

jobs and other noble pursuits to sustain their daily lifestyle.

 3

Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the challenges of teen street

vendors in their daily lifestyle as well as their coping strategies to overcome the

challenges.

Statement of the Problem

This study will focus on the challenges faced by teen street food vendors

in their livelihoods. This aims to understand their lived experiences in street food

vending in Barangay Tambler, General Santos City.

Specifically, it will answer the following questions.

1. What are the challenges encountered by the teen street food vendors?

2. What are the coping strategies of teen street food vendors in dealing

with these challenges?

Significance of the Study

The results of this study may be beneficial to the following.

To the teen street vendors, as this study may help the teen street

vendors to be recognized by the Local Government Unit (LGU).

To the students, as this study may help students to have a particular idea

of perspective in determining the scuffle of teenage street vendors.

To the community, as this study may help to make economic changes in

attaining and taking the initiative of teenage street selling.

To the future researchers, as this study may be a useful reference for

the future researchers who would plan to make any related studies precisely in

determining the struggles of the life of teen street vendors.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

 4

This study focuses on determining the challenges and coping strategies of

teen street vendors. Its main goal is to identify the common challenges that they

encounter. 10 selected respondents were used as a sample in conducting the

survey. The participants should meet the criteria (1) At least one year of

experience in street vending; (2) she/he operates the overall food stall. Each of

the respondents is given the same questions to answer. This study will be

conducted in the second week of March-May 2024. Moreover, this study will only

be limited to Barangay Tambler, whereas, the respondents should be a bona fide

resident of the said Barangay, and any other terms that are not essential to the

study are excluded.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally for better

understanding of this study

Coping Strategies. Conceptually, the term coping strategies is defined by

Original Research article, Front. Psychol (2022) as the prior strategies to positive

and negative effects of street vendors. Operationally, this term will be used in the

study to help minimize and deal with the stressful life situation of teens street

vendors within Barangay Tambler, General Santos City.

Street Vendor. Conceptually, the term street vendors are defined by Biney

I.K (2018) referring to a person who sells assorted products and services at

major highways, pavements, and road junctions of a city. Operationally, this term

will also be defined as a person who sells goods in streets such as: street foods,

snacks and others within Barangay Tambler, General Santos City.

 5

Teens. Conceptually, the term teens are defined by Collins Dictionary (2018)

as someone who is 13 through 19 especially in a progression and development.

Operationally, this study will be used in research to determine the exact age of

teen Street vendors according to their life situations within Barangay Tambler,

General Santos City.

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter deals with the related literature relevant to the present

investigation. It has two (2) parts with two (2) sublist, namely: (1) Street Vending,

which discusses the street vending and its history; (1.2) Food Stall, in this part

discusses and shows the significance and relation to the main topic; (3) Street

Marketing, this part shows how does street marketing works; (4) Coping, in this

part explain and shows the relation to the topic; (5) Related Studies, which

contains the relevant studies that discuss similar points in this present study; (6)

Theoretical Framework, which outlines the theory that will be used and the

variables that will be explored in the study.

 6

History of and Development of Street Vending

Street vendors have been in existence since ancient times. In all civilisations,

ancient and medieval, one reads accounts of travelling merchants who not only sold

their wares in the town by going from house to house but they also traded in

neighbouring countries. Perhaps ancient and medieval civilisations were tolerant to

these wandering traders and that is why they flourished. In modern times we find that

street vendors are rarely treated with the same measure of dignity and tolerance.

They are targeted by municipalities and police in the urban areas as illegal traders,

the urban middle class complains constantly on how these vendors make urban life a

living hell as they block pavements, create traffic problem and also engage in anti-

social activities (though more often than not, the same representatives of middle

class prefer to buy from street vendors as the goods they sell are cheaper though

the quality is as good as those in the overpriced departmental stores and shopping

malls).

Street Vending

Street vending is a common practice in every city in which street vendors

sell goods in the streets such as street foods, vegetables, etc. Street vending is

pervasive across the globe, especially in developing countries. It provides an

important source of earnings for the unemployed in urban areas, as well as a

source of relatively inexpensive goods and services for city residents. However,

typical street vendors face a common set of problems, which range from tenuous

property rights and harassment from civic authorities to subsistence living and
 7

earning. Under this precarious setting, street enterprises have been expanding

(Wongtada, 2014).

In Latin America around 45% of the working population work in the

informal economy. In Colombia, it is almost half. The informal economy is made

up of multiple and different kinds of jobs, one of them street vending. The

informal economy is a significant component of the economy in the global urban

south. Amongst the many occupations included in the term “informal economy”,

street vending is one the most prevalent and it is an important avenue for income

generation for those with very low social capital. It is also an activity that garners

government interest because it raises important economic issues of opportunities

and vulnerabilities for the poor and is an activity that overlaps with many urban

planning policies: the use of public space and urban environmental issues. The

control of street vending is a central issue in the organization and control of

shared urban space (Martínez‚ et al.‚ 2018).

The public realm in cities of the global South comprises a mix of formal

and informal economies and activities competing for space and visibility. While

often seen by the authorities as marginalized and damaging to the larger-scale

off-street market, street vending cannot be simply wished away as it contributes

to the emergence of vibrant urbanity and economic productivity. Drawing on

empirical research in a case study in Tehran and using observation, fieldwork

notes, photography, archival records, and urban mapping, this paper focuses on

mapping forms of informal street vending to explore the spatiality of street

 8

vending in relation to pedestrian flows, public/private interface, and functional mix

(Peimani & Kamalipour, 2022).

First, street vending is a crucial part of the vibrancy of cities like Baghdad,

Iraq's capital. Second, Iraqis often buy from and trust peddlers; most of the time,

the public authorities ignore them. Third, the pervasiveness of street vending has

increased dramatically over the last 15 years in the wake of political changes.

Since the occupation of Iraq by the US-led alliance in 2003, the state and its

major institutions have collapsed. Political and social stability has been severely

damaged, and the state has mainly allocated its financial resources to fighting

terrorism and resolving sectarian tensions. Moreover, the new regime has shifted

to a free-enterprise market that has replaced the state as the major source of

employment that it used to be during Saddam Hussein's dictatorial regime. As a

result, the unemployment rate has increased, especially among young people,

and one-fifth of the population has fallen below the poverty line, even though the

country is ranked fifth in the world for oil exports. The number of street vendors

has increased sharply, and the public authorities have been unable to formalize

their status. Government attempts to evict street vendors or destroy their stalls

sometimes trigger protests, such as the major demonstration at the beginning of

October 2019 against corruption, unemployment, and poor public services. We

have therefore chosen to investigate this widespread and problematic issue (Al-

Jundi, et al., 2022).

Public spaces go beyond the typical definition of being an open space.

They reflect the diversity and vibrancy of the urban fabric and hold the power to
 9

create memories. Among all public spaces, streets emerge as the most public.

Streets are engines of economic activities, social hubs, and platforms for civic

engagement. They break socio-economic divides and foster social cohesion.

Planning, designing, and managing better public spaces have become important

global discussions. Sustainable Development Goals (8 and 11) and the New

Urban Agenda emphasize the significance of an inclusive and sustainable

economy and safe, accessible, and quality public spaces for all. The proposed

article uses the case of street vending to understand the manifestation of these

goals in an Indian context by assessing street vendors’ role in Ahmedabad’s

urban fabric through extensive spatial analysis of 4,000 vendors at four different

time points of the day, perception studies of their clientele disaggregated by

gender, income, and age, and their relationship with surrounding land-use and

street hierarchy. It showcases how street vendors make the streets more vibrant

by increasing activities, safer through ensuring the inflow of people, and inclusive

in its true sense by allowing people from different backgrounds to participate in

the exchange of goods and services. It further argues that street vendors are vital

elements of more equitable and exciting streets and public spaces (Deore &

Lathia, 2019).

The street vending is changing its dimensions rapidly. Increase in micro

industries in India has shown a trend that small business units have been rapidly

started in last few years. These small businesses are nothing but the activities

which were earlier performed as street vending. The current research paper is an

effort to establish a relation among different factors of street vending and

 10

business acceptance and viability of street vending, under the guidance of Prof.

SD Sharma, Principal JNPG College. The factors of street vending have been

identified on the basis of PEST model. Researcher has used data collected from

500 people from five cities of Uttar Pradesh (Jaiswal, 2018).

1.1 Food Stall

Commercial activities using public space are attracting attention across

Japan. Fukuoka City is the top street-stall city in the country. There are more

than 150 street food stalls in public spaces such as streets and parks, with which

the citizens have been familiar for many years since the end of World War II. The

stalls are an example of using public space while substantially contributing to the

local economy. Moreover, an analysis of the economic impact proves that street

food stalls play a significant role for customers. The management of street stalls,

however, has a lot of issues to be settled, in terms of hygiene or traffic. Among

others, costs to rent public spaces need to be re-examined (Yahiro, et al., 2013).

Entrepreneurs enter the food and beverage business due to its income

potential. There are various types of food establishments such as fine dining

restaurants, fast-food chains, and/or street food stalls. Filipino food takes on an

evolving nature, from the streets of Quezon City such as the street food that is

more than just a convenience food source in the Philippines, to the five-star

establishments of Makati (Aquino, et al., 2015).

Foodborne diseases are one of the main public health problems

worldwide, especially due to the consumption of foods that are made with poor

hygienic practices, such as those prepared on a public thoroughfare. Some

 11

factors that contribute to its contamination are the use of non-potable water,

inadequate handling, cross-contamination, and environmental contamination.

Four samples of food were taken from each stand, for a total of 48 samples such

as hamburger, hot dog, pizza, meat empanada, stuffed potato, stuffed arepa,

chicken skewer, chicken finger, fruit salad, and orange juice (Lechuga, et al.,

2018).

1.2 Street Marketing

The term unconventional marketing refers to a set of alternative

approaches for organizations to carry out communications strategies. Among

these approaches, street marketing is particularly suited to targeting consumers

as they navigate urban areas. However, engaging in street marketing can also

expose advertising agencies and their clients to the potential risk of legal

entanglements concerning the utilization of common goods for matters of

marketing communication (Saucet & Cova, 2015).

Street marketing as an unconventional marketing approach has rapidly

evolved over the last three decades. We describe how street marketing has

transformed during this period from sandwich men to sample distribution during

the 80s to the creation of events in the street today. Then, we suggest how street

marketing will evolve going forward following the trend of Service-Dominant

Logic. Specifically, we posit that the street will not merely be a medium of

communication, but could become essential material of street marketing (Cova,

et al., 2014).
 12

Street marketing is a form of guerrilla marketing that uses nontraditional or

unconventional methods to promote a product or service. Many businesses use

fliers, coupons, posters, and art displays as a cost-effective alternative to

traditional marketing methods such as television, print, and social media. Based

on the shifting characteristics of modern-day consumers such as increased

product knowledge and expectations of transparency the goal of street marketing

is to use direct communication to enhance brand recognition. The street markets

exhibit the ethnographic influence in an urban economy where vendors find their

market on the street and social interventions that propel passers-by into buying

behavior. In street markets, social and economic activities are stimulated through

interactions from prospecting the customers to realizing the sales (Dhineshkumar

& Banurekha, 2021).

Coping

Coping develops across the lifespan, with older adults often exhibiting

better self-regulation and interpersonal skills, as well as more efficient coping,

than younger adults. How culture affects the type and use of coping strategies is

still poorly understood, and there is some evidence that culture may modify the

effectiveness of coping. The relationships between coping and both mental and

health outcomes are highly complex, with evidence for direct, mediating, and

stress-moderating relationships. Coping interventions are often effective in

mitigating the adverse effects of chronic illnesses, especially those focusing on

dyadic and family interventions (Aldwin, et al., 2018).

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Coping is defined as the thoughts and behaviors mobilized to manage

internal and external stressful situations. It is a term used distinctively for

conscious and voluntary mobilization of acts, different from 'defense

mechanisms' that are subconscious or unconscious adaptive responses, both of

which aim to reduce or tolerate stress. When individuals are subjected to a

stressor, the varying ways of dealing with it are termed 'coping styles' which are a

set of relatively stable traits that determine the individual's behavior in response

to stress. These are consistent over time and across situations. Generally,

coping is divided into reactive coping (a reaction following the stressor) and

proactive coping (aiming to neutralize future stressors). Proactive individuals

excel in stable environments because they are more routinized, rigid, and are

less reactive to stressors, while reactive individuals perform better in a more

variable environment (Algorani & Gupta, 2023).

It seems obvious that the identification of coping structure is necessary to

understand how stress affects human health and functioning. Despite numerous

coping conceptualization proposals, there is no agreement as to the core coping

categories. This article presents the Coping Circumplex Model (CCM), which is

designed to integrate various coping distinctions, drawing inspiration from the

tradition of circumplex models in psychology. The model is based on the

assumption that individuals in stressful situations face two tasks: they need to

solve the problem and regulate their emotions, which are reflected in two

corresponding dimensions, that is, the problem coping dimension and emotion

coping dimension. Problem coping and emotion coping are interpreted as bipolar
 14

dimensions. Importantly, these dimensions define a space for other coping

categories. The model contains a total of eight coping styles forming a

circumplex: positive emotional coping, efficiency, problem solving, preoccupation

with the problem, negative emotional coping, helplessness, problem avoidance,

and hedonic disengagement. The paper discusses the potential of the CCM to

overcome some of the problems of stress psychology by: (a) supplementing the

set of oping categories (i.e., process, strategy, style) with coping mode; (b)

providing a foundation for the integration of numerous coping constructs; (c)

enabling the interpretation of results obtained by means of different coping

measures, thus facilitating knowledge consolidation; (d) explaining relationships

between coping and adjustment after trauma, as well as explaining the

mechanisms of psychological interventions (e.g., cognitive therapyc, exposure

therapy); (e) clarifying linkages between the effectiveness of coping strategies

and situation controllability. Moreover, the CCM may elucidate the relationship

between coping and emotion regulation (Stanislawski, 2019).

Related Studies

According to a study conducted by Dalisay, C. (2020) entitled “insert title

of the study,” there has been a significant relationship… (insert concepts).

The second paragraph is intended to explain why the cited study is

relevant to the present study. State connections, explain relationships, bridge

gaps.

In a study published in… by Dalisay, C. (2020), SMAW strand is highly

correlated to…
 15

The second paragraph is intended to explain why the cited study is

relevant to the present study. State connections, explain relationships, bridge

gaps.

Insert third relevant study, follow the same format. Please make sure to

properly cite the study and establish relevant findings out of the study.

The second paragraph is intended to explain why the cited study is

relevant to the present study. State connections, explain relationships, bridge

gaps.

Insert fourth relevant study, follow the same format. Please make sure to

properly cite the study and establish relevant findings out of the study.

The second paragraph is intended to explain why the cited study is

relevant to the present study. State connections, explain relationships, bridge

gaps.

Insert fifth relevant study, follow the same format. Please make sure to

properly cite the study and establish relevant findings out of the study.

The second paragraph is intended to explain why the cited study is

relevant to the present study. State connections, explain relationships, bridge

gaps.

Theoretical Framework

The Health Theory of Coping proposed by Helen M. Stallman in 2021

offers a valuable framework for understanding the coping and describes and

evaluates a new functional conceptualisation of reactions to reduce distress or

unpleasant emotions. The theory recognises that all coping reactions are
 16

adaptive and may initially reduce distress and categorises these strategies as

either healthy or unhealthy, depending on their likelihood of adverse

consequences. Categories are conceptually clear, mutually exclusive,

comprehensive, functionally homogenous, functionally distinct, generative and

flexible, overcoming limitations of previous theories. The theory captures a

hierarchy of strategies across the continua of internality, intensity, and adversity.

Healthy coping categories are self‐soothing, relaxing or distracting activities,

social support, and professional support. Unhealthy categories are negative self‐

talk, harmful activities, social withdrawal, and suicidality. All coping strategies fit

within one of these categories (Stallman, 2021).

Another Theory of Coping Circumplex Method proposed by Krzysztof

Stanislawski in 2019 an integrative model of the structure of coping with stress. It

seems obvious that the identification of coping structure is necessary to

understand how stress affects human health and functioning. Despite numerous

coping conceptualization proposals, there is no agreement as to the core coping

categories. This article presents the Coping Circumplex Model (CCM), which is

designed to integrate various coping distinctions, drawing inspiration from the

tradition of circumplex models in psychology. The model is based on the

assumption that individuals in stressful situations face two tasks: they need to

solve the problem and regulate their emotions, which are reflected in two

corresponding dimensions, that is, the problem coping dimension and emotion

coping dimension. Problem coping and emotion coping are interpreted as bipolar

dimensions. Importantly, these dimensions define a space for other coping

 17

categories. The model contains a total of eight coping styles forming a

circumplex: positive emotional coping, efficiency, problem solving, preoccupation

with the problem, negative emotional coping, helplessness, problem avoidance,

and hedonic disengagement. The paper discusses the potential of the CCM to

overcome some of the problems of stress psychology by: (a) supplementing the

set of oping categories (i.e., process, strategy, style) with coping mode; (b)

providing a foundation for the integration of numerous coping constructs; (c)

enabling the interpretation of results obtained by means of different coping

measures, thus facilitating knowledge consolidation; (d) explaining relationships

between coping and adjustment after trauma, as well as explaining the

mechanisms of psychological interventions (e.g., cognitive therapyc, exposure

therapy); (e) clarifying linkages between the effectiveness of coping strategies

and situation controllability. Moreover, the CCM may elucidate the relationship

between coping and emotion regulation (Stanislawski, 2019).

18
 19

Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

This chapter consists of seven parts namely: (1) Research Design, which

presents the nature of the research design and the strategy of investigation that

will be employed in the study; (2) Participants of the Study, which presents the

participants and persons involved in the conduct of the study; (3) Locale of the

Study, which presents the place where the study is to be conducted; (4)

Sampling Technique, which presents the technique of selecting the respondents

of the study; (5) Data Gathering Instrument, which presents the instrument that

will be utilized in gathering data; (6) Data Gathering Procedure, which presents

the steps and procedure in carrying out the gathering of data; and (7) Data

Analysis, which presents the method of analyzing the gathered data and material

that will be interpreted.

Research Design

The researchers will use the qualitative interview as the study is

attempting to know the struggles of teen street vendors in Barangay Tambler,

General Santos City. The researchers utilize the phenomenological method using

qualitative approaches in gathering information about the present condition of

teen street vendors. The researchers conduct a face-to-face interview to the

street vendors participants to collect an essential information. The respondents

subjective and objective perceptions are expected to form the core data of the
 20

study. Hence, it needed the method that would deal with the topic in a

phenomenological and empirical nature.

Participants of the Study

The participants of the study were the selected teen street seller of

Tambler in which they share commonalities of street production. They are

preferred participants since the researcher are seek to explore and discover the

real livelihood of money making in the local teen street vendors.

Locale of the Study

 21

The study will be conducted in Tambler, General Santos City. The

respondents will be interviewed locally to their signature place area where they

are comfortable in participating the research. The researchers choose the place

of conducting the interview because it will give the researchers needed

information for the life situation of teen street vendors.

 22

Sampling Technique

A purposive sampling was used for selecting the participants in this study.

This technique is employed to ensure that the objective of researchers will be

attained. The researchers select participants based on their characteristics and

attributes. If the participants did not meet the criteria given are excluded.

Data Gathering Instrument

The data gathering instruments that we used is an open-ended interview

that will collect the data we needed in research. The researcher used an

interview method to explore the struggles of teen street vendors for its proven to

be much more effective on the type of research that we are having. The

researchers also used this method of data gathering for it is known to widely

explore the experiences life struggles of teen street vendors which promote

fairness of collecting data. And it also promotes open-ended and open-minded

options related to provide empirical method in conducting an interview for the

respondents. The researchers encourage the respondents to be more

cooperative due to the fact that it is much more needed to respond and much

open to options that still related and specific to our type of research that the

researcher is conducting.

Data Gathering Procedure

The data for this research were collected using open ended interview. The

interview was created to make an evaluation in modified from related research

 23

and individual questions formed by the researchers. The interview was

comprised of 6 questions. The researchers assured confidentiality of their

interview since the validation of respondents is important. The researchers also

conclude the honesty of the respondents in answering the questions, and so the

researchers allow them to respond in the interview in many ways where the

respondents are comfortable at. There were no incentives offered in participating

in the research. Next, the researchers will plan questions that they would be

asking in the interview. The researchers interviewed certain teen street seller for

more information.

Data Analysis

insert a narrative or table on how you will analyze your data gathered (ex:

Colaizzi’s method for phenomenological, content analysis, etc.)

 24

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter consists of three parts (number of parts can vary depending

on your SOP and analysis) namely: (1) (insert title), which presents the… (insert

short description of the subpart); (2) (insert title), which analyzes the… (insert

short description of the subpart); (3) (insert title), which discusses the… (insert

short description of the subpart). The various results are presented in the

succeeding tables and significant statements. The analysis and interpretation of

data answer the specific problems posed in the previous chapter.

Insert Topic

(add narrative description)

(sample table)
 25

Insert Topic
 26

Insert Topic
27
 28

Chapter 5

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter consists of four parts namely: (1) Summary, which

summarizes the purpose of the study and the research methodology; (2)

Findings, which lays out the findings of the study; (3) Conclusions, which

presents the conclusions made after completing the study; and (4)

Recommendations, which offers recommendations in view of the results drawn

from the study.

Summary

This study successfully analyzed the data regarding the (insert objective

of the study). With the use of the research methodology (insert YOUR data

gathering technique), the researchers were able to answer the following research

questions.

(insert your itemized research questions here)

Findings

Based on the analysis of data, the following are the findings of this study.

(insert YOUR findings, e.g. significant relationships, interpretation of data,

etc.)

Conclusions

The results of the present study entitled (insert title) have led to certain

conclusions.
 29

(insert YOUR general conclusions based on the study)

Recommendations

In the light of the preceding findings, the following are recommended.

1. Insert your recommendations what other researchers may want to explore.

2. Insert your recommendations what other researchers may want to explore.

3. Insert your recommendations what other researchers may want to explore.

 30

References

NOTE: Make sure to follow the APA 7th Edition format.

For Quick Guide to 7th Ed APA, click here:

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/

1h_wM8mgg3VXl1gw0jzNGJOrUF1gKO9By?usp=share_link

FORMAT: Short bond paper; Font: Arial, 12pt; Margin:

1.5inch left, 1inch top, right, and bottom sides; Justified;
Double-spaced.

NOTE: Fasten your research paper in a short/white plastic

 1

APPENDICES
 APPENDIX A

Research Questionnaire/Interview Guide

(LABEL WHICHEVER IS APPLICABLE)

Research Questionnaire if Quanti

Interview Guide in Quali)

 APPENDIX B

Interview Transcript

(insert YOUR transcript here)

 APPENDIX C

Letter to the Principal

(insert YOUR letter here)

 APPENDIX D

Letter to the Validators

(insert YOUR letter here)

 APPENDIX E

Validation Rating

(if only applicable)

(insert the results of your Validation Tool scored by the Validators)

 APPENDIX F

Letter to the Respondents/Participants

(LABLE WHICHEVER IS APPLICABLE: Respondents if Quanti; Participants if

Quali)

(insert YOUR letter here)

 APPENDIX G

Letter to the Records-in-Charge

(if only applicable)

(insert YOUR letter here)

 APPENDIX H

Materials Used in Conducting the Study

(if only applicable)

(insert the PICTURES here)

 APPENDIX I

Documentation

(insert the PICTURES during the conduct of data gathering here)

 APPENDIX J

Audio Recording of Interviews

To access the native audio recording, scan the QR code below or access

the link here: bit.ly/3UPNJRU.

Scan Me!

Google Drive: JQA | PR1 Library | Documentation | SY:2023-2024

(kindly upload your recording to Sir John’s Google Drive by scanning the QR

Code or clicking the bit.ly link above)

 SAMPLE

CURRICULUM VITAE NOTE: Furnish individual CV

for all proponents

Personal Information

Name: Juan A. Dela Cruz

Sex: Male Insert
Age: 18 Graduation/Formal
Picture
Date of Birth: January 1, 2005
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Nationality: Filipino
Contact Number: 09100000000
Email Address: juandelacruz@gmail.com
Home Address: Lot 5, Block 10, Purok Diamond Valley,
Brgy. Tambler, General Santos City,
9500, South Cotabato, Philippines

Educational Attainment

Primary: Tambler Daycare Center

Purok Banisil, Brgy Tambler, General Santos City
Year Graduated: 2010

Elementary: Banisil Central Elementary School

Purok Banisil, Brgy. Tambler, General Santos City
Year Graduated: 2016

Secondary: Banisil National High School – Junior High School

Purok Banisil, Brgy. Tambler, General Santos City
Year Graduated: 2021

Banisil National High School – Senior High School

Purok Banisil, Brgy. Tambler, General Santos City

Track: Academic
Strand: Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS)