NCM 113

( COMMUNITY
HEALTH NURSING II
( POPULATION
GROUPS AND
COMMUNITY AS
CLIENTS)
AUGIE JANENA E. VIGONTE, RN
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. DEFINE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
2. FAMILIARIZE THE PHILOSOPHY AND
PRINCIPLES OF CHN
3. DISCUSS THE FEATURES OF CHN
4. COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE DIFFRENT
THEORETICAL MODELS AND APPROACHES
IN RELATION TO CHN
5. APPLY THESE CONCEPTS IN VARIOUS
SETTINGS INVOLVING CONCEPTS OF CHN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
01 02 03
DEFINITION PHILOSOPHY PRINCIPLES

04
FEATURES
 DEFINITION
Health
⮚ “a state of complete physical,
mental,andsocial well-being and
not merely theabsenceof disease or
infirmity”(WHO,1958)
“a state of well- being in
whichthepersonisable to use purposeful,
adaptive responsesand processes
physically, mentally, emotionally,
spiritually andsocially(Murray et
al .,2009)
“actualization of inherent and acquired human potential
through goal-directed behavior, competent self care,
and satisfyingrelationship with others (Pender et
al.,2006)

“a state of a person that is

characterizedbysoundness or wholeness of
developedhumanstructures and of bodily
andmental functioning (Orem,2001)
“a group of people who share something in
common and interact with one another,who
may exhibit a commitment with one
another and may share a geographic
boundary”(Lundy and Janes,2009)
Community
⮚ “a collection of people who interact withone
another and whose common interest or
characteristics form the basis for a senseof
unity or belonging(Allender et al.,2009)
Ø A group of people who share something in
common and interact with one another, who may
exhibit a commitment with one another and may
share a geographic boundary. (Lundy and Janes,
2009)
⮚ A locality –based entity, composed of systems of
formal organizations reflecting society’s institutions,
informal groups and aggregates. (Shuster and
Goeppinger,2008)
⮚ A group or collection of locality-based individuals
interacting in social units and sharing common
interests,characteristics,values, and/ or
goals.( Maurer ans Smith, 2009)
Four (4) Defining Attributes of Community
1. People
2. Place
3. Interaction
4. Common characteristics,interests or goals
Concept of Community

Derived from the Greek word“komunitas”

meaning people

Sander defines community as:- a collection of

people- a place- a social system
Philosophy of CHN
A philosophy is defined as a system of beliefs that provides abasis for a guides action. A
philosophy provides the direction anddescribes the whats, the whys, and the hows of
activities within aprofession.
CHN Practice is guided by the following beliefs:
Humanistic values of the nursing profession upheld
Unique and distinct component of health care
Multiple factors of health considered
Active participation of clients encouraged
Nurse considers availability of resources
Interdependence among health team members practiced
Scientific and up-to-date
Tasks of CHN vary with time and place
Independence or self-reliance of the people is the end goal
Connectedness of health and development regarded
PHILOSOPHY

q Philosophy of individual’s right of being healthy

q Philosophy of working together under a competent
leader for the common good
q Philosophy that people in the community have the
potential for continual developmentand are capable
of dealingwith their ownproblems if educated
andhelped

Philosophy of socialism
(Source, ANA)
Principlesof public health nursing

1. Focus on the community as the unit of

care
2. Give priority to community needs
3. Work with the community as an equal
partner of the health team
4. In selecting appropriate activities, focus
on primary prevention

Adapted from the eight principlesof publichealth nursing

(ANA,2007)
5. Promote a healthful physical and psychosocial
environment
6. Reach out to all who may benefit from a
specific service
7. Promote optimum use of resources
8. Collaborate with others working in the
community

Adapted from the eight principlesof publichealth nursing

(ANA,2007)
PRINCIPLES OF CHN
● EMPOWERMENT
● E – Education – as a primary tool
● M – Made available to ALL
● P – People’s initiative
● O – Organizing for health
● W – Works with family as a unit
● E – existing organizations of service
● R – Recording and Reporting
● M – Monitoring and Evaluation
● E – Existing indigenous resources
● N – Needs recognized by community
● T – Team Effort
 CHN Nurse has to
“marry” skills in
Uses assessment
the nursing process
tools such as
with population
demographics and
focused skills to
vital statistics
produce the
greatest benefit for
themajority of the
community
q Partnership between health workers and
community from assessment to evaluation is more
likely to produce effective and sustainable results
q Emphasis is given on strategies 1. To promote
optimal health; 2. Prevent disease and disability
Health Belief Model (HBM)
⮚ provides the basis for
much of the practice of
health education and
health promotion today.
⮚ The HBM was developed
by a group of social
psychologists to explain
why the public failed to
participate in screening
for tuberculosis
(Hochbaum, 1958).
 Key concepts and definitions of the
Health Belief Model (Janz et al.,
2002)
CONCEPT AND DEFINITION
1. Perceived susceptibility - one’s belief regarding the chance of
getting a given condition.
2. Perceived severity - one’s belief regarding the seriousness of a
given condition.
3. Perceived benefits - one’s belief in the ability of an advised action
to reduce health risk or seriousness of a given condition.
4. Perceived barriers - one’s belief regarding the tangible and
psychological costs of an advised action.
5. Cues to action - strategies or conditions in one’s
environment that activate readiness to take action.
6. Self-efficieny - one’s confidence in one’s ability to
take action to reduce health risks.
Milio’s Framework for Prevention
⮚ provides a complement to the HBM
and provides a mechanism for direction
attention upstream and examining
opportunities for nursing intervention
at the population level.
PRECEDE- PROCEED MODEL
⮚ Developed by Dr. Lawrence W. Green and colleagues.
⮚ provides a model for community assessment, health education
planning, and evaluation.
⮚ PRECEDE, which stands for predisposing, reinforcing, and
enabling constructs in educational diagnosis.
⮚ PROCEED, an acronym for policy, regulatory, and
organizational constructs in educational and environmental
development, is a model for implementing and evaluating health
programs based on PRECEDE.