SHS Department of Education-Region III

TARLAC CITY SCHOOLS DIVISION

Juan Luna St., Sto. Cristo, Tarlac City 2300
Email address: tarlac.city@deped.gov.ph/ Tel. No. (045) 470 - 8180

PERSONAL
DEVELOPMENT
Quarter 2: Week 1
Learning Activity Sheet
 Personal Development

Name of Learner: ___________________________ Date:____________

Section:___________________________________ Quarter 2 – Week 1

PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
Background Information
‘No man is an island’. This is a phrase from one of John Donne’s famous pieces of writing
entitled “Upon Emergent Occasions and Seuerall Steps in my Sicknes – Meditation XVII, 1624”. It
means that no one lives alone or exists, and we are all part of something greater. We cannot do things
all by ourselves and for us to survive in this world, we need to work with others. The interactions are
needed for survival, but these goes beyond the mere survival in the physical sense. Building
relationships with others will give you benefits like having a motivational support when you are down
or having an inspiration to keep going. Therefore, we need to build relationships. These will include
personal and social relationships.
Personal relationships, formed by emotional attachments
and experiences, refer to close ties between individuals. Such
relations also emerge from and are reinforced by shared
interactions. Privacy and intimacy are two characteristics that define
personal relationships. There are three kinds of personal
relationships: family, friends, and partnerships.
Family is characterized as two or more individuals who are
linked by birth, marriage, or adoption and who live together as one
household . However, many people do not live with their family and
is not bounded by love. For this reason, roles of family vary across cultures as well as throughout
one’s lifetime. Some typical characteristics of a family are support, mutual trust, regular interactions,
shared beliefs and values, security, and a sense of community. Friends can be thought of persons
to whom you share mutual experiences, shared interests, proximity, and emotional bonding.
Romantic partnerships, including marriage, are intimate relationships that are founded upon
affection, trust, intimacy, and romantic love between two individuals. Usually, we experience this kind
of relationship with only one person at a time.
What Drives Attraction?
According to Helen Fisher, an anthropologist of Rutgers University in New Jersey, attraction
is based on physiology or certain hormones that persons who get attracted to others often pick-up
with their noses. According to Fisher, there are three stages of love:
1. Lust. This is driven by the sex hormones: testosterone and estrogen. These hormones affect
both sexes.
2. Attraction. This is described as the “love struck phase”, which involves neurotransmitters in the
brain such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. This is the stage when a person loses
sleep and appetite over someone and swoons while daydreaming of this special person.
3. Attachment. A couple in love will enter the attachment stage when they decided to continue
with their relationship. This is when long-lasting commitments are exchanged and may lead to
raising a family.
People are attracted to one another because of other reasons. The Rozenberg Quarterly
article mentions several theories and research results related to attraction and liking.
Basis of Attraction:
1. Transference Effect. Our past relationships with other people can affect our present
interactions. For this reason, there are times when we immediately like or dislike new people
that we meet because they reminded us of someone in the past who has affected our behavior.

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 2. Propinquity Effect. The more we encounter individuals and connect with them, the more likely
we are to become acquainted with them. Examples: friendships in neighborhoods, workplaces,
college classes and other places where people get together.
3. Similarity. In friendship and the selection of a partner, this is a powerful factor since it offers a
shared forum for understanding, which in turn facilitates intimacy that is necessary for loyalty,
empathy, and long-lasting relationships. Similarities may include social class, background,
religious beliefs, age, and education.
4. Reciprocity. The more we are liked by someone we equally like, the more we act in ways that
foster reciprocal feelings of liking.
5. Physical Attractiveness. Several research studies have shown that physical attractiveness is
a major factor in liking someone.
6. Personality Characteristics and Traits. Many people will prefer good personality
characteristics and traits rather than physical attractiveness in liking a person. These may
include warmth, trustworthiness, status, sympathy, and others.
There are many ways to express one’s attraction to another person. This can be expressed by
words of affection and love, or by acts such as winking, laughing, participating in small conversations,
giving presents, writing or sending messages, or simply acknowledging that you are drawn to the
other person.
Love and Intimacy
Love and intimacy go hand in hand. Love is the physical, emotional, sexual, intellectual, or
social affection one person holds for another. Intimacy on the other hand is a close relationship where
mutual acceptance, nurturance, and trust are shared at some level. Knowing what kind of love you
share with various individuals will allow you to understand your relationships better.
Robert Stenberg proposed a theory called “Triangular Theory of Love”. In this theory,
commitment, passion, and intimacy are the three components that make up the eight different types
of love.
Three Components of Love:
• Intimacy. This refers to feelings of closeness, connectedness, and bonding. It thus includes
those emotions within its purview that give rise, essentially, to the experience of warmth in a
loving relationship.
• Passion. This relates to the drives that contribute to romance, physical attraction, sexual
consummation, and related phenomena. Within its purview, the passion dimension includes
certain sources of inspiration and other types of excitement that contribute to the experience of
passion in a loving relationship.
• Commitment. In the short term, it refers to the decision that one loves another, and in the long
term, to one's dedication to preserve that affection. These two aspects of the decision/
commitment factor do not inherently go together, in that one can choose to love someone
without long-term commitment to love, or one can commit to a relationship without knowing that
one loves the other person in the relationship.
Types of Love:

• Liking happens when a relationship only includes

intimacy. In essence, commitment and passion are lacking in
this type of relationship. This suggests that there is no sexual
desire and no decision to stay committed to each other. An
example of liking would be having a deep friendship.
• Companionate love includes intimacy and commitment.
This means that there is a deliberate decision to stay with
each other and a deep commitment to each other is formed.
With the absence of intense sexual feelings for each other,
this type of love can be seen on a scale from deep

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 friendships, to relationships with family members, to couples who have opted to stay with each
other but don't have the same intense passion for each other that they may have had when they
first started dating.
• With empty love, the only component present is the decision to be together. This means that the
passion is minimal to non-existent and you do not feel overly connected, if at all, to each other.
This may be present with a couple who no longer feels attracted to each other and has had a
difficult time maintaining a connection. This type of love can shift over time if both partners are
committed to revive their connection and their passion for one another.
• In a relationship that has fatuous love, there is a passion and a commitment to each other without
the intimacy. This implies that the feature of connectivity is missing. The sexual desire and drive
to stay together are present in these types of relationships, without a strong connection to each
other. This can look like a couple that spontaneously gets married or moves in together before
really knowing each other well.
• With infatuation, there is a lot of passion and sexual attraction for one another, but minimal
connectedness and commitment to each other. If both partners are interested in moving toward
a different form of relationship, infatuation will gradually become a deeper, more linked love.
• There is passion and affection in romantic love, with no commitment to each other. This means
there is sexual attraction and feelings of connectedness without necessarily being dedicated to
being with each other long term. This type of relationship can also transform into a committed
relationship if the couple chooses to be together.
• With consummate love, all three components are present. This implies that with passion,
commitment, and connectedness to each other, there is a relationship. Each component has no
set amount, and it will vary based on the particular needs of the relationship. This type of
relationship requires ongoing nurturing and attention.
• When there is absence of the three components, non-love exists.
Attraction serves as the foundation toward liking someone, and among all the basis of
attraction that were discussed, reciprocity (mutual liking) is what triggers a couple to move toward
romance and intimacy, and eventually, to commitment.
Why Personal Relationships are Important?
Here are some benefits of healthy relationships:
1. Less Stress. Being in a committed relationship is associated with less cortisol production, a
stress hormone. This means that married or partnered individuals are less prone to
psychological stress, and that it can be a great buffer against stress.
2. Better Healing. An emotional support can go a long way toward helping a person recover from
a procedure or illness most especially if this will be coming from persons you truly cherish.
3. Healthier Behaviors. If your spouse, friends, or other loved ones encourage you in eating a
healthy diet, exercising, not smoking, etc., you are likely to follow in their footsteps.
4. Greater Sense of Purpose. Being in a loving relationship will give a person a sense of well-being
and purpose, no matter what kind.
5. Longer Life. Research shows that having good social connections has a greater effect on
preventing early death than being exposed to air pollution or taking blood pressure medicine.
Love should never Hurt
Avoid any kind of abuse such as physical, sexual, or emotional abuse. Persons involved in
the relationship deserve better. Any kind of abuse will never be okay. This is an unacceptable way of
expressing your love to your partner.
• Physical abuse happens when someone causes physical pain or injury to another person.
This can involve hitting, slapping, or kicking.
• Sexual abuse is also a type of violence that involves any kind of unwanted sexual advance.
It can include everything from unwelcome sexual comments to kissing to intercourse.

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 • Emotional abuse is anything that harms your self-esteem or causes shame. This includes
saying things that hurt your feelings, make you feel that you are not good enough, or trying to
control who you see or where you go.
It is better for anyone, especially teen-agers, to seek advice or guidance from other older and
trustworthy persons (parents, other family members, or other loved ones) about developing healthy,
respectful relationships before engaging to dating.
Learning Competencies with Code
1. Discuss an understanding of teen-age relationships, including the acceptable and unacceptable
expressions of attractions (EsP-PD11/12PR-IIa-9.1).
2. Express his/her ways of showing attraction, love, and commitment (EsP-PD11/12PR-IIa-9.2).
Activity 1
Multiple Choice. Read the following questions carefully and encircle the letter that best describes the
answer.
1. Which of the relationships below is made up of emotional attachments and interactions that also
relate to close relationships between people?
a. Emotional c. Social
b. Personal d. Spiritual
2. What basis of attraction is a powerful factor since it offers a shared forum for understanding,
which in turn facilitates intimacy that is necessary for loyalty, empathy, and long-lasting
relationships?
a. Propinquity Effect c. Similarity
b. Reciprocity d. Transference Effect
3. Which of the following refers to the decision that one loves another, and in the long term, to one's
dedication to preserve that affection?
a. Commitment c. Love
b. Intimacy d. Passion
4. According to the anthropologist Helen Fisher, what stage of love is described as “love-struck
phase” that happens when a person loses sleep and appetite over someone and swoons while
daydreaming of this special person?
a. Attraction c. Love
b. Commitment d. Lust
5. What refers to feelings of closeness, connectedness, and bonding which includes those emotions
within its purview that give rise, essentially, to the experience of warmth in a loving relationship?
a. Commitment c. Love
b. Intimacy d. Passion
Activity 2
State whether these statements are TRUE or FALSE. Write your answers on the space provided
before the number.
1. Communicating our feelings in relationships does not matter.
2. Major differences in core values and beliefs never create a challenge in relationships.
3. Building good relationships does not contribute to good health.
4. Understanding other people first rather than judging him/her right away will help you build
and maintain relationships.
5. We must love ourselves first before loving others.
6. Other people cannot help us in dealing stress.
7. It is fulfilling when our loved ones stay connected by spending time with us and letting us
know that they love us.
8. We need to express gratitude to other persons especially to our family and friends to
maintain good relationships.
9. Relationships are static; they are unchangeable.

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 10. To fully enjoy and benefit from relationships we need skills, information, inspiration,
practice, and social support.
Activity 3
Put a if the statement is a sign of a healthy personal relationship. Otherwise, put an if not.
1. You feel isolated from family and friends
2. You can express your opinions freely.
3. Your loved ones hurt you physically or mentally.
4. You are sometimes forced to do something you are not comfortable with.
5. Each person takes responsibility for their own actions.
Rubric for Open-ended Questions
Score Criteria
▪ All parts of the question are correctly answered.
4 ▪ An explanation stating the reason behind the answer is provided.
▪ Complete sentences are used.
▪ All parts of the question are correctly answered.
3 ▪ No explanation stating the reason behind the answer is provided.
▪ Complete sentences are used.
▪ Some parts of the question are correctly answered.
2 ▪ No explanation stating the reason behind the answer is provided.
▪ Complete sentences are used.
▪ One part of the question is correctly answered.
1 ▪ No explanation stating the reason behind the answer is provided.
▪ Sentences are incomplete.
0 ▪ No parts of the question are answered.
Activity 4
Based on the discussion, answer what is being asked below.
1. List down your personal relationships and classify them according to the eight types of love
according to Robert Stenberg’s “Triangular Theory of Love”. Explain each classification. Use
another sheet of paper if needed.
Personal Relationship Type of Love Reason

2. How do you express your attraction towards another person? Cite examples.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
3. How do you express your love towards other persons and how do you show your commitment to
them? Cite examples.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

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4. What do you think are the unacceptable expressions of attraction you have done towards another
person?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

5. What are the things you see in your family or parents’ relationship that you wish to adopt in your
future/current romantic relationship? Why?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Activity 5
Create a plan on improving your personal relationships in the future. Draw a mind map of your plan
on a separate sheet of paper.
Rubric for Activity 5 – Mind Map
Category 4 3 2 1
The main idea is
The main idea is The main idea is There is no
supported by
supported by details, supported by recognizable
details, some
the categories make details, few pattern to the
categories do not
sense, and the categories do not ideas. They seem
Organization make sense, and
reader is able to make sense, but to be a list of
at times the reader
follow and still, the reader is thoughts that
is not able to
understand what is able to follow confuse the
follow what is
written. what is written. reader.
written.
The map has 3
The map has at The map has only The map has only
subtopics and/or
least 4 subtopics two subtopics one subtopic
is missing the
Depth and a minimum of 2 and/or is missing and/or is missing
required amount
ideas under each ideas under each ideas under each
of ideas under
subtopic. subtopic. subtopic.
each subtopic.
The map is well Some ideas are Most ideas are
The layout is poor
presented, the font difficult to read, difficult to read,
Design and difficult to
is a good size, and it but the overall thus affecting the
read.
easy to read. layout is good. overall layout.
Some of the Most of the colors
The map is colors do not do not work well The colors are
interesting to the eye work well together making conflicting, and it
Creativity
and uses colors that together making some parts of the is very difficult to
work well together. parts of the map map difficult to read the map.
difficult to read. read.
Spelling/Grammar No errors 1-3 errors 4-5 errors 6 or more errors
Adapted from: https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?sp=yes&code=S7C648&

Reflections:
Complete the Statements below.
A. What I have learned:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

B. What I have enjoyed:

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 C. What I am still confused:
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
References:
K to 12 Curriculum Guide – Personal Development. Pasig City: Department of Education, 2016.
Barbara Wong-Fernandez et. Al., Personal Development: Reader. Pasig City: Department of
Education, 2016, pp. 60-76.
Ricardo R. Santos, Personal Development (Second Edition). Manila: Rex Bookstore Inc., 2019, pp.
116-128.
“Sociology of the Family”, Ron Hammond, Paul Cheney, Raewyn Pearsey, Accessed Date: October
10, 2020, freesociologybooks.com/Sociology_Of_The_Family/05_Love_and_Intimacy
“Duplex Theory of Love: Triangular Theory of Love and Theory of Love as a Story”, Robert J.
Stenberg, Accessed Date: October 10, 2020, http://www.robertjsternberg.com/love
“7 Types of Love According to Sternberg's Triangular Theory”, LoveToKnow, Corp., Accessed Date:
October 10, 2020, https://dating.lovetoknow.com/relationship-advice/7-types-love-according-
sternbergs-triangular-theorysnippsss
Answers Key

Prepared by:

ELIZABETH L. RAZON
Special Science Teacher I