GROUP 3

Renaissance
Discovering

Period

Middle Age
Leader: Dayanan, Rafael
Member:
Bayon-on, Kristofer
Lucero, Elisha
Sagadsad, Rosheen
Saludaga, Audrey
 The Renaissance Era
The Renaissance Era was a remarkable time of learning and creativity in
Europe, known for its advances in many areas including science,
technology, and psychology. It started in the 14th century and brought big
changes in how people thought about the world and how they solved
problems.
During the Renaissance, people became more curious about the world around
them. They wanted to understand how things worked, so they started
studying subjects like anatomy, astronomy, and math. Scholars and
polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, and Johannes
Kepler made important discoveries in these fields. Their work challenged old
ideas and helped create the scientific methods we still use today.
Inventions during this period:
1. The Pencil: Humble Yet Mighty
2. The Printing Press: Perhaps the Most Significant Tool of the Renaissance
3. The Microscope: An Ingenious Discovery
4. The Telescope: Extending the Human Senses
5. The Steam Engine: One of the Most Important Inventions of the
Renaissance
 Pencil: Humble Yet Mighty
In 1560, Italian couple Simonio and Lyndiana
Bernacotti invented the pencil by inserting
graphite sticks into hollowed-out juniper wood,
creating a neat and practical writing tool.

Before the pencil's invention, people used styluses on wax tablets or quill pens on
parchment, which had drawbacks like frequent sharpening, messy ink, and smooth
surface requirements.

Graphite's smooth texture and mark-making ability made it an ideal writing

material. Encasing graphite in wood provided a convenient, portable, and reusable
solution, eliminating the need for constant sharpening and ink dependence.
 The Printing Press: Perhaps the Most
Significant Tool of the Renaissance
The printing press, invented by German
goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg in 1436,
revolutionized communication during the
Renaissance. Gutenberg's press combined
movable metal type with a pressing machine,
enabling the rapid and affordable
reproduction of newspapers, magazines, and
books.
This innovation replaced the labor-intensive scribe work
of monks in monasteries. and made it possible to print
books and papers quickly and cheaply. This helped
spread knowledge, fueling the cultural and intellectual
growth of the time.
 The Microscope:
An Ingenious Discovery
Zaccharias Janssen, a Dutch spectacle-maker, and his
Father Hans Janssen are credited with inventing the
compound microscope in 1590. The duo's invention
marked a significant leap forward in the field of optics
and microscopy, revolutionizing scientific exploration and
enabling researchers to explore the microscopic world in
unprecedented detail. By combining multiple lenses in a
tube, the Janssens created a device capable of
magnifying objects to a far greater extent than previous
instruments. This breakthrough allowed scientists to
observe cells, microorganisms, and other tiny structures,
paving the way for groundbreaking discoveries in biology,
medicine, and various other fields.
 The Telescope:
Extending the Human Senses
Hans Lippershey, spectacle maker from the United
Netherlands, traditionally credited with inventing the
telescope (1608). He was a Dutch eyeglass maker who
many historians believe was the inventor of the first
telescope.

Lippershey’s telescope had a modest three-times

magnification. His telescope had a concave eyepiece
aligned with a convex objective lens.
 The Steam Engine:
A Remarkable Innovation
Thomas Savery, an English engineer, is recognized as the
inventor of the first practical steam engine. In 1698,
Savery patented a steam-powered device designed for
pumping water out of mines. His groundbreaking
invention played a pivotal role in addressing the
challenges of water removal in mining operations.
Savery's steam engine operated by utilizing steam
pressure to create a vacuum through condensation,
allowing atmospheric pressure to force water upward.
This innovative technology marked a significant
advancement, particularly in industries reliant on
efficient water drainage. Savery's contributions laid the
groundwork for further developments in steam engine
technology, ultimately leading to the transformative
impact of steam power during the Industrial Revolution.