N am e In dex N um b er

233/2 Candidate’s Signature

CHEMISTRY
Paper 2 Date..............................
Nov. 2016
2 hours

THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education
CHEMISTRY
Paper 2
(THEORY)
2 hours

Instructions to candidates
(a) Write y o u r nam e a n d index num ber in the spaces p ro v id e d above.
(b) Sign a n d w rite the date o f exam ination in the spaces p r o v id e d above.
(c) A n sw e r all the questions in the spaces provided.
(d) K N E C m athem atical tables a n d silen t non-program m able electronic calculators m ay be used.
(e) All w orking must be clearly show n w here necessaty.
(f) This paper consists of 12 printed pages.
(g) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages are printed as
indicated and that no questions are missing.
(h) Candidates should answer the questions in English.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Maximum Candidate’s
Question
Score Score
1 11

2 12

3 13

4 11

5 10

6 12

7 11

Total Score 80

© 2016 The Kenya National Examinations Council

Q 1 f.S C \A
Use the information in the table below to answer the questions that follow. The letters do not
represent the actual symbols of the elements.

Element Atomic number Melting point °C

R 11 97.8
S 12 650.0
T 15 44.0
U 17 -102
V 18 -189
W 19 64.0

(a) Give a reason why the melting point of:

(i) S is higher than that of R. (2 marks)

(ii) V is lower than that of U. (2 marks)

(b) How does the reactivity of W with chlorine compare with that of R with chlorine?
(2 marks)

(c) Write an equation for the reaction between T and excess oxygen. (1 mark)
 3

(d) When 1.15 g of R was reacted with water 600 cm3 of gas was produced. Determine the
relative atomic mass of R. (Molar gas volume = 24000 cm3) (3 marks)

(e) Give one use of element V. (1 mark)

2. (a) Describe the process by which nitrogen is obtained from air on a large scale. (4 marks)

(b) Study the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

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 4

(i) Identify gas J. (1 mark)

(ii) Using oxidation numbers show that ammonia is the reducing agent in step (VI)
(2 marks)

(iii) Write the equation for the reaction that occurs in step (V). (1 mark)

(iv) Give two uses of ammonia nitrate. (2 marks)

(c) The table below shows the observation made when aqueous ammonia was added to
cation of elements E, F and G until in excess.

Addition of a few drops Addition of excess

Cation of
of aqueous ammonia aqueous ammonia
E White precipitate Insoluble
F No precipitate No precipitate
G White precipitate Dissolves

(i) Select the cation that is likely to be Zn2+. (1 mark)

(ii) Given that the formula of the cation of element E is E2+write the ionic equation
for the reaction between E2+(aq) and aqueous ammonia. (1 mark)

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3. (a) Methanol is manufactured from carbon (IV) oxide and hydrogen gas according to the
equation.

C 0:,g, + 3H2(g) CH3OH(g). + H70 ..

2 (g)

The reaction is carried out in the presence of a chromium catalyst at 700K and 300k pa.
Under these conditions, equilibrium is reached when 2% of the carbon (IV) oxide is
converted to methanol.

(i) How does the rate of the forward reaction compare with that of the reverse
reaction when 2% of the carbon (IV) oxide is converted to methanol? (1 mark)

(ii) Explain how each of the following would affect the yield of methanol:

I reduction in pressure (2 marks)

II using more efficient catalyst (2 marks)

(iii) If the reaction is carried out at 500k and 300k pa, the percentage of carbon (IV)
oxide converted to methanol is higher than 2%.

I What is the sign of AH for the reaction? Give a reason (2 marks)

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 6

II Explain why in practice the reaction is carried out at 700K but not at 500K
(2 marks)

(b) Hydrogen peroxide decomposes according to the following equation:

2H20 2 (aq) —> 2H20(I) + 0 2(g)

In an experiment the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide was found to be

6.0 X 10~8moldm“3S_1

(i) Calculate the number of moles per dm3of hydrogen peroxide that has
decomposed within the first 2 minutes. (2 marks)

(ii) In another experiment, the rate of decomposition was found to be

1.8 X 10~7moldm 3S H. The difference in the two rates could have been caused
by addition of a catalyst. State giving reason, one other factor that may have
caused the difference in the two rates of decomposition. (2 marks)

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4. (a) The set up below can be used to produce sodium hydroxide by electrolysing brine.

Y Hydrogen

(1 mark)

(ii) Describe how aqueous sodium hydroxide is formed in the above set-up. (2 marks)

(iii) One of the uses of sodium hydroxide is in the manufacture of soaps. State one
other use of sodium hydroxide. (1 mark)

(b) Study the information given below and answer the questions that follow

Half reactions Electrode potential E QV

D 2(aq) + 2e -0.13
~ + D <»
E(aq) + e ~ +0.80

F (a q ) + e +0.68

G(aq) 2 e -2.87

H (aq) + 2e — + 0.34
(s)

J (a q ) + e ~ + J n -2.71
<s)

Kenya Certificate o f Secondary Education, 2016

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 8

(i) Construct an electrochemical cell that will produce the largest e.m.f. (3 marks)

(ii) Calculate the e.m.f. of the cell constructed in (i) above. (2 marks)

(iii) Why is it not advisable to store a solution containing E+ ions in a container made
of H? (2 marks)

5. The diagram below represents a set up of an electrolytic cell that can be used in the production
of aluminium.

Molten
aluminium oxide
Molten and cryolite
aluminium

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 9

(a) On the diagram, label the anode. (1mark)

(b) Write the equation for the reaction at the anode. (1mark)

(c) Give a reason why the electrolyte process is not carried out below 950°C. (1mark)

(d) Give a reason why the production of aluminium is not carried out usingreduction
process. (1mark)

(e) Give two reasons why only the aluminium ions are discharged. (2marks)

(f) State two properties of duralumin that makes it suitable for use in aircraft industry.
(2 marks)

(g) Name two environmental effects caused by extraction of aluminium. (2marks)

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6. (a) Draw the structural formula for all the isomers of C2H3C13. (2 marks)

(b) Describe two chemical tests that can be used to distinguish between ethene and ethane.
(4 marks)

(c) The following scheme represents various reactions starting with propan-l-ol. Use it to
answer the questions that follow.

carbonate

(i) Name one substance that can be used in Step I. (1 mark)

(ii) Give the general formula of X. (1 mark)

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 11

(iii) Write the equation for the reaction in Step IV. (1 mark)

(iv) Calculate the mass of propan-l-ol which when burnt completely in air at room
temperature and pressure would produce 18dm3 of gas. (C = 12.0, O = 16.0,
H = 1.0; molar gas volume = 24dm3) (3 marks)

7. (a) Write an equation to show the effects of heat on the nitrates of:

lil Potassium (1 mark)

(ii) Silver (1 mark)

(b) The table below gives information about elements A1?A2, A3 and A4.
—

Elements Atomic Atomic radius Atomic radius

Number (nm) (nm)
A1 3 0.134 0.074
A2 5 0.090 0.012
A3 13 0.143 0.050
A4 17 0.099 0.181

,
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Q16S04 233/2 Turn over
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(i) In which period of the periodic table is element A2? Give a reason. (2 marks)

(ii) Explain why the atomic radius of:

I A1 is greater than that of A2 (2 marks)

II A1 is smaller than its ionic radius. (2 marks)

(iii) Select the element which is in the same group as A3. (1 mark)

(iv) Using Dots (.) and crosses (x) to represent outermost electrons, draw a diagram to
show the bonding in the compound formed when A1 reacts with A4. (2 marks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE.

Kenya Certificate o f Secondary Education, 2016