Code: ENG-120

Credits: 3
Prerequisite: ENG-110.

General competence:
To know the basic terminology in the use of the English language,
through the development of conversations and dialogued classes for
a better understanding.
Specific competences of the subject:
1. Consolidates grammatical knowledge of the English
language.
2. Develops reading skills for texts of general interest in the
English language.
3. Develops writing skills in English texts with a coherent
structure.
4. Acquires the English vocabulary necessary to communicate
on topics from different areas.
 Tasks in a Company
4 Review
Vocabulary: Tasks in a company
Present continuous
Present simple vs. Present continuous
“Work” Vocabulary

20 Bibliography
 Present Continuous

In a company, a task is an activity that needs to be accomplished

within a defined period of time or by a deadline to work towards work-
related goals.

A task can be broken down into assignments which should also have a
defined start and end date or a deadline for completion. (Blakely-Gray,
2020)

TASKS IN A COMPANY
Review
Simple present tense of the verb “to be”
Singular form

AFFIRMATIVE FORM NEGATIVE FORM

verb “to be” Contractions verb “to be” Contractions
I am I´m I am not I´m not
She is She´s She is not She´s not / she isn´t
He is He´s He is not He´s not / he isn´t
It is It´s It is not It´s not / it isn´t

Plural form

AFFIRMATIVE FORM NEGATIVE FORM

verb “to be” Contractions verb “to be” Contractions
You are You´re You are not You’re not / You aren’t
We are We´re We are not We’re not / We aren’t
They’re not / They
They are They´re They are not
aren’t

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

Question Words
Who, Where, When, What, How, How old.
1. Interrogative form
“To be” is used in its interrogative form, to ask about the
characteristics of the subject, for example: age, behavior, color,
jobs, nationality, personality, place, price, qualities, size, time ...
“To be” is an irregular verb and in the interrogative form (which is
possible thanks to the inversion), it has this structure:
To be + Subject + …?

Short forms do not exist for the interrogative form.

When we use to be as a connector with other kinds of words, it gives
us more information about the condition of the subject.
To be is used with:
• Nouns.
• Adjectives.
• Prepositional phrases (or complements).

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

Example:
Nouns
• Am I a student?
• Is he a lawyer?
• Are we doctors?
Adjectives
• Am I tall?
• Is he polite?
• Are many people happy?
Prepositional phrases
• Is my book on the bed?
• Is Harry Potter on the TV?
• Are the eggs in the box?
More examples:
• Am I tall?
• Is he tall?
• Are they tall?

2. Information questions
Forming ‘Wh’- questions with ‘to be’
In the simple present, we put am, is, or are before the subject.

Question word to be Subject

am I?
Who / What / Where /
is he / she / it?
When / Why / How
are we / you / they?

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

How are you?

How are you doing?
What is your name?
How old are you?
Where are you from?
Wh- questions ask for specific information about something or
someone. They cannot be answered with Yes or No.
Many Wh- questions use the main verb to be.
Wh- questions always begin with a question rob. Each question rob asks
about a different type of information.
• Who asks about people.
Who is in the kitchen?
Nicolas is in the kitchen.
• What asks about things or situations.
What was the problem?
I lost my phone.
• Where asks about a place.
Where are they from?
They’re from Tennessee.
• When asks about time.
When is the exam?
On Friday.
• Why asks about a reason.
Why were the dogs in the garden?
Someone left the door open.
• Which asks about a choice.
Which is your book?

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

The older one.

• How followed by to be asks about quality or health.
How are you?
I’m fine.
• How followed by an adjective and to be asks about how much
that adjective applies. We often use this to ask about size or
distance.
How big is the pizza?
It’s 30 cm across.
How far am I from the entrance?
You’re five minutes away.
• How much / many asks about an amount.
How much is that sweater?
It’s £25.
How many students are in your class?
27.
Vocabulary: Tasks in a company

Management Coaching Planning a project

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

Change agent Motivating employees Organizing

Staffing Controlling Negotiating

Delegation Representing Leading

Write a memo Coordinate a project Talk to a client

Selling products

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

Present continuous
We use the present progressive (also called present continuous) to
describe:
• Activities happening at the moment of speaking
They are dancing on the field.
• Activities that are in progress, but not happening at the exact
moment of speaking.
She is trying to learn tennis.
• Activities that will happen in the future.
The team is arriving tomorrow.
• Trends.
Basketball is becoming very popular.
Present progressive vs. simple present
The present progressive is different from the simple present. The
present progressive is for activities that are happening now. The simple
present is for habits, routines, and facts.
1. Present progressive
He is running towards the goal.
2. Simple present
He runs every morning.
Affirmative statements
We form the present progressive with am / is / are and the verb + ing.
Subject ‘am’ / ‘is’ / ‘are’ Verb + ‘ing’

I am
'm
thinking
She / He / It is
's

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

We / You / They are

're

We use contractions in most conversations and informal writing.

I'm thinking about it.
Spelling rules
We usually add -ing directly to the verb. However, when we add -ing to
certain verbs, we remove, change, or add letters. Some examples of how
we do this are shown in the chart below.
Verb Verb +
‘ing’

talk talking Most verbs

walk walking
play playing
eat eating

take taking Verbs ending in silent e

leave leaving

tie tying Verbs ending in ie

lie lying

begin beginning Verbs ending in a stressed syllable

swim swimming and consonant-vowel-consonant
(unless last consonant is w, x, or y)

Negative statements and questions

We can use the present progressive in:
• Negative statements
I am not working. / I'm not working.
We are not talking. / We're not talking. / We aren't talking.
• Yes / No questions
Is she working?

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

Yes, she is. / No, she's not. / No, she isn't.

Are they talking?
Yes, they are. / No, they're not. / No, they aren't.
• Wh- questions
Why is he waiting?
What are they waiting for?
Present simple vs. Present continuous
What's the difference? Present Simple and Present Continuous
Present Simple Present Continuous
Things which are always true: Things which are happening at
the moment of speaking:
• Water boils at 100 degrees.
• The water is
boiling now, so you can
put in the pasta.

Permanent situations (or nearly Temporary situations:

permanent; true for a few years at
least): • Julie is living in Paris for
a few months (usually
• Julie lives in London. she lives in London).

Situations which are slowly

changing:

• I'm getting better and

better at speaking
English.

Habits or things we do regularly: Temporary or new habits:

• I drink coffee every morning. • I'm drinking too much

coffee these days
because I'm so busy at
work.

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

Annoying habits (usually with

'always'):

• My flatmate is always
leaving the kitchen in a
mess!

Future events which are part of a Definite future plans:

timetable:
• I'm meeting John after
• My plane leaves at eight class today.
tonight.

To talk about the future after certain

words ('when' 'until' 'after' 'before'
'as soon as'):

• I'll call you when I get home.

To talk about what happens in books, To talk about people in

plays and films: pictures and photos:

• At the end of the book, the • In this photo, my

detective catches the killer. mother is
walking beside a lake.

Extra knowledge

We use the present simple with stative verbs. We can't use any
continuous tense (including the present continuous tense, of course)
with stative verbs.

Stative (or State) Verb List

like know belong

love realise fit
hate suppose contain
want mean consist
need understand seem
prefer believe depend

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

agree remember matter

mind recognise see
own appear look (=seem)
sound taste smell
hear astonish deny
disagree please impress
satisfy promise surprise
think (=have an feel (=have an
doubt
opinion) opinion)
wish imagine concern
dislike be have
deserve involve include
measure (=have
lack possess
length etc)
owe weigh (=have weight)

Examples:
Be
Be is usually a stative verb, but when it is used in the continuous it
means 'behaving' or 'acting'
• You are stupid = it's part of your personality.
• You are being stupid = only now, not usually.
Think
• think (stative) = have an opinion
I think that coffee is great
• think (dynamic) = consider, have in my head
what are you thinking about? I'm thinking about my next holiday
Have
• have (stative) = own
I have a car
• have (dynamic) = part of an expression
I'm having a party / a picnic / a bath / a good time / a break

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

See
• see (stative) = see with your eyes / understand
I see what you mean
I see her now, she's just coming along the road
• see (dynamic) = meet / have a relationship with
I've been seeing my boyfriend for three years.
I'm seeing Robert tomorrow.
“Work” Vocabulary

1. General vocabulary
1. A regular job
2. Commuter
3. Employee
4. Employer
5. He took a job as a waiter.
6. Job
7. Occupation
8. Profession
9. To earn one's living
10. To run a firm
11. Trade
12. What do you do for a living?
13. Worker

2. Application

1. Application
2. Application form
3. Apprentice, trainee
4. Apprenticeship

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

5. Resume
6. Job interview
7. Skilled worker
8. To apply for a job
9. Training
10. Training course
11. Vacancy

3. Unemployment

1. Period of notice

2. O be unemployed, to be out of work, to be on the dole

3. To fire somebody, to sack somebody

4. To give somebody notice, to dismiss somebody
5. To hand in one's notice, to resign, to quit
6. Unemployment
7. Unemployment benefit, dole money

4. Working hours, Pay

1. A full-time job
2. A part-time job
3. Continued payment of wages
4. Flexitime
5. Pay slip
6. Salary
7. To get a rise, to get a raise
8. To work in shifts
9. To work overtime
10. Wage cut

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

11. Wage demand, claim wage

12. Group wages

Examples:

1. Sarah was offered employment in the sales office.

2. I'm looking for a new job.
3. The company provides work for many people.
4. Mike is a barrister by profession.
5. Please state your name, address and occupation.
6. Tom was one of 20 applicants for the manager's position.
7. Applicants should send a CV and an introductory letter.
8. We have 200 full-time employees at this time.
9. I went for a job interview at a software company yesterday.
10. Fiona is thinking of applying for the position.
11. There are still three vacancies on the company board.
12. The average salary for a teacher is $20,000 a year.
13. The employees are expecting a rise in the minimum wages.
14. Payday here is always every other Friday.
15. A competitive salary with fringe benefits is offered for the
position.
16. Robert is a self-employed worker.
17. He has a part-time job at the supermarket.
18. This is a temporary job, but I'm hoping it will be made permanent.
19. All the machines are cleaned at the end of every evening shift.
20. The thought of working night shifts put her off becoming a nurse.
21. Pat works in the hairdresser's as an apprentice.
22. Employers usually hire skilled people for this position.
23. Boris was unfairly dismissed from his post.
24. The airline fired him for being rude to the passengers.

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

25. A sales assistant was given the sack after having an argument
with a customer.
26. Some people quit after a few months in the job.
27. Richard Nixon resigned the presidency in 1974.
28. Thirty percent of the people in this town are unemployed.
29. Kate's been out of work since January.
30. Many people are on welfare/the dole in this town.

Example of a job interview

John has a job interview for a Saturday job
Interviewer: So, you've applied for the Saturday position, right?
John: Yes, I have.
Interviewer: Can you tell me what made you reply to our advertisement?
Well, I was looking for a part-time job to help me through college.
John:
And I think that I'd be really good at this kind of work.
Do you know exactly what you would be doing as a shop
Interviewer:
assistant?
Well I imagine I would be helping customers, keeping a check on
John:
the supplies in the store, and preparing the shop for business.
That about covers it, you would also be responsible for keeping
Interviewer: the front of the store tidy. What sort of student do you regard
yourself as . . . did you enjoy studying while you were at school?
I suppose I'm a reasonable student. I passed all my exams and I
John:
enjoy studying subjects that interest me.
Interviewer: Have you any previous work experience?
John: Yes. I worked part-time at a take-away in the summer holidays.
Now, do you have any questions you'd like to ask me about the
Interviewer:
position?
John: Yes. Could you tell me what hours I'd have to work?

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GENERAL SUBJECT
 Present Continuous

We open at 9.00, but you would be expected to arrive at 8.30 and

we close at 6.00 pm. You would be able to leave then.
Interviewer:
I think I have asked you everything I wanted to. Thank you for
coming along to the interview.

John: Thank you. When will I know if I have been successful?

Interviewer: We'll be making our decision next Monday, we'll give you a call.

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GENERAL SUBJECT
Blakely-Gray, R. (2020). How to write a Company Description fo a business
plan. Patriot.

Cornack, M., & Nambam, N. (2016). Conversaciones cotidianas. US

Department of State.

Gaddis, P., & Castañeda, J. (2014). Guía Bilingüe Inglés - Español.

Department of Education.

Kastanis, F. (2016). English 1. Grupo Editorial Patria.

Rogers, M., Taylore-Knowles, J., & Taylore-Knowles, S. (2014). Open Mind

(Second ed.). Oxford: Macmillan Publishers Limited.

Wall Streed English. (14 de Febrero de 2019). Wall Street English. Obtenido
dewallstreetenglish.com.ar:https://www.wallstreetenglish.
com.ar/blog/tips-para-escribir-el-perfil-de-tu-empresa-en-ingles

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GENERAL SUBJECT