Fourth Quarter

Digestive
System
Prepared by;
CRISTY JEAN C. APDIAN
 Learning Objectives
1. Describe the functions of each organ in the digestive
system and explain how they contribute to the process
of digestion,
2. Develop an appreciation for the interconnectedness of
the digestive system with the respiratory, circulatory
and excretory systems, and
3. Label the organs of the digestive system
 Digestive system
The organs that take in food and
liquids and break them down into
substances that the body can use
for energy, growth, and tissue
repair.

Main Function: Digestion

 Organs of
Digestive system
 Process of the Digestive
System
A. INGESTION
- the process of taking in food through
the mouth.
 Process of the Digestive
System
B. DIGESTION
- the process that involves breakdown of large food
molecules into smaller pieces
• Bolus - moist ball of food
• mechanical digestion – chewing or mastication
• salivary amylase – enzyme that breaks down
starch into smaller carbohydrate
 Process of the Digestive
System
B. DIGESTION
• Stomach primary function- to store
food which turns to chyme
• Walls of stomach secretes gastric
juices e.g. hydrochloric acid and
pepsin
 Process of the Digestive
System
3 Accessory Organs
• Liver, gall bladder and pancreas– help
secretion of essential substance
 Process of the Digestive
System
• Liver produces bile, a green fluid that
turns large fat droplets into smaller
droplets stores in gall bladder
• Bile gets into smaller intestine and help
digestion of fat.
 Process of the Digestive
System
• Pancreas makes 3 different enzymes:
Amylase, peptidase, and lipase – aid in
the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins,
and lipids
• 3 parts of small intestine: duodenum,
jejenum, iluem
 Process of the Digestive
System
Organic
Enzymes Product
Compound
Carbohydrates Amylase, Maltase, Simple Sugars
Lactase
Protein Pepsin, Trypsin, Amino Acids
Peptidase
Fats Lipase Fatty Acids
 Process of the Digestive
System
C. ABSORBTION
- occurs mostly in the small intestine
-the process of passing the soluble
food molecules in the wall of the
small intestine through the villi
Process of the Digestive
System

Villi - the tiny, finger-

like projections from the
epithelial lining of the
intestinal wall.
 Process of the Digestive
System
D. ASSIMILATION
- the movement of digested food nutrients
into the blood vessels of the small intestine
through diffusion and use of nutrients into the
body cells through the microvilli
Process of the Digestive
System

Microvilli – microscopic
cellular membrane
projections serves to
expand the surface area
for diffusion
 Process of the Digestive
System
ileum - third part of the small intestine
-main function is the
assimilation (absorption) of
B12 and the re-assimilation
(reabsorption) of conjugated
bile salts.
Process of the Digestive
System
Large Intestine
-where reabsorption of liquid,
electrolytes and some vitamins from
the undigested food takes place.
-the last segment of the gastrointestinal
tract that completes absorption and
compacts waste.
 Process of the Digestive System

E. EGESTION OR EXCRETION
-last process that occurs in the digestive
system.
-It is the release of undigested food collected
in the rectum called feces and pushed out of
the body through the anus by defecation.