POPOLITION GGENETCS

Oef s porulouttdn A4roup of s ONuollr tnHertraRcing atanm m

N
enou) apute¢ Pojulakon ort mendleDIduD fofutautton'. 14 e
be oleHcoe
dhtn c gaven i arctc att ag'ven mg C a e cokerburiea
b1ena peO . sLom dolea oen eut! h tndtreoluc
ame
maoletan opruuLb conieteha à n t pooA. tt tul
t tinel 64 aenesresenN t hs. poputodebn but

0hichhose ar oltatru butaol

Gnene, uguin The ene euny rtfer do hw

roportHm a h caue th he gen podk u tomceesth
Ghut awe! SCm locou cwth no ractol o ha delticebutm

oresnr)
for
or ee Jo a hyothtca fofulcttoy uxh a eual Aa d
a lrthculn ne ocow(Adomi naunt a mwie) eelA have

tRes of tndiidue
i. Yy havngaaay ehevicuus (An) V2

thetsvalul) a
SuppoR hir art oo

Popuraaon out o uuch tharrA arti hUvnoHouy elomenant

46

AR) MD htercoay70u (A) 0homnou r e a R (aa).

hon o n q genaA=
OtyD

kertorce tho-enotro9unu n b COJubkoq

dividihy s h no. a porkus e e tn ateuy ath

un,

eauiuy cona hera ote|rtgpney d uprentka au

in ot oAusbrrury +9L,ot pu-v7yI-P
 t
enotY1 Frcquony b a dotal no. of a kthe
nae'cltuayru t oputat au of wuth hu bt B
ateltut, thoertoettN tuthtepeu do tho ocouy Unollsd
tteuclir oilt).

Gk n 2ene Locouts A a hoy u ulotdteo a

enolavtduou. ds. hDneRriou qlommncnt, hotertoD

N Toteu no: s clroluau )-thu fopLtvuttn

D L0. of humo21qdu elomhatnt Sngrd

No onoHtod raOAe
t e , heenotqna Arequanc o AA tndivdducy

N
henoaroun| Ae thaltdans N
aa hololetou
nenotpafuquen o
mcns *nona -Traqyuentg ort a
ge combtnatre2 e) Jam Rococ
perttekutur
e
Cm
be citlermheo olathg ta no.u chdoluy
tlh hot n P 4o-4fal no. tholi,
)thogutuun.
Hartly eshbery Lauo
Hort u tbruum/Cnenee eguu'rihrium
he mDethLmeltt -OOtt he

fooo C oluvetspao 1RA. Hhox 4 Halola

S . v r h t b u t ha mo uunot gereneu
cola
(n fopuUtU oPPro
.H. H Cuoly Urtman,
w, w N
n
4
HarcdlAnbert
 Tha rttake, trag uen s vcutow whol
n toa t rcadomy mauthg sUOU Pamèk
o fuu-ton 4eNoo umah tonsandrey
oenereto
Ho genertoHon tn h aostna r mutetnsolHin &
ndfow
Heurtoly Suhbl AoLu oleeruhe at thedrtdta
otiairubutm nduth a ouiudtg à cunaltrt griouue no
2wORutonary houng tt epters h o 7 he eve zui
HOrttr a n abent', +ht fopuuHo a , *s
ndiviclu k e aneory mukn, aaa) peurunt Praluu
rouhl 9 o. jeamektd th aetntt cooluce b
mot Loriotn ot rtardom&
romgu ponatend, hon +h n Rurubrtulum of h

enomcunteunao dhe vau'aiut e ept h tha

h ruuen he enotyre ort a
w l remcu conutunt Cutf
cordh e A
DCw

cuHh rroquences
Art P& 9
Aa
hHartol AnbRrta o2s) olmonstreeseo
untn mLte ort rtonosm
aethor runolp
Smuoy

natng umong no
Ronolomunion amte
hout h e tuw cuuu ea
Lerls suptoR
run urA P
Lru A a ant a rceudom
h A a em
Hv. S n ehountom maell4femal

unuey s maul
emed tu b tha rrecdu
femala Cumk
famae wh a
Hha po putottom
chol'olu
fr uenie)
 Ths th frcequlny unim b )

ALmotu A HRmaule)geumue p
a A ema amut Py
A moue a temau geumlt= P
OPmou gemiA 9

herunty ceuaAgnott

, aP
3 gerote A, Ae A oLO eell ptoalucR
A&ot gamle , ra9uny ha ARmtR

o.puuenkcbn sumao e rocu Au qu. E

ume

t39y + Pt)
Seh
2/+ 1

Au 'aa hdldolay u Prnotutn on Aem

Ae chot-tdea) eucl Prenclu ca 72 A 72 a ette ' a
nouvdoluoy Prwolut onL a gsmule.
Thurdora dh ran he aamitead
= AU hAeLm&te Ar AA hdikalwo

Hhcenue frcoy A-e holiveokuou

 tha po puutt
AU ha jumuu frum a emololua

tha eumit mA cndlein'oluo

t r
+P)

obvouu raguenez At aeamt

fruoehuud L nw n L e ) s f o u t o k t areHhe
CLS hoR Parenteu populoky.
P
thR .
Aandey uriy omeng o bRtorc.
tn t froutny
3 no e AA,Ae '&La

Runclom ma aen
fopuloktam:hees the
Le4ls &uppoRhat a múbLt

enohtpu aca
tho roneny mattng bs
sf mottnbod)
lbe r c o n o l ,
u m a c to ha
any dehoyre caeu b
mul&femcules
mclL& Conarenaoen0tp
fruwcluct t h rcaueny
thergn cauth toth nau &
uerufor

Ac Ae

Aho mngs hch m u u &tmal

n a g u e n e st
AR Aea i, AARoLa He ae
Preodul of h fraoiuue f h
bwtubettoi'u ho
e ie. ax xay rvs ay = asa
mtng CL otttun t u d clid . emcue
 Ont Rnpti mus ut oher e a v e a i a
two hR. mak AA Au ar
AA A
() AA7 A
hortort tho rgani inge m ottngwl K
fh Sum Frauen two muthg orhbthauleh

Tutoru catHehg aene t9uey

MuHedty The saoldo heriteul changR_ ch -ha

Charcolertutt c ortacnu'y) t calohetettt)..
Lhch oLre h ukmaeourta a u genaHC artiatdp.
candluaotna museLt). "ThA uaNi) dMwhtto
hagnan to hud mLsa uht} nlem hto tho jeneec

feut t h t how h . mukaan + o stvrie to

h Avrmnt n uhch hl maoliin
ptuooluu
Godista&m acurtha norm o 4 Prolady t a rexohn
cOunt COunT buluninn oth dirtelty. Thu,he
eM epnatend choaA but na auubrukum

auleruhg t h nty orttuuouT n th Hha

eLru t u o mudeutt m ?ragun
wen muuatd) YrRrsR_anhe eattimodo el
Heurdy eehbery ormuam rlua to oler
mathemutca no th s o p i e.
In e r t cotganutasLh au
ung & beuku1a
a rrupic b e u prpouuh) wth t utedeoy
D ChALng etfofulotc Bon n
alo b keuu .coR n ain nonman eUrl
 Tul mweteobautercutm uyh ate ree ay entel
Bhortt 1rtdeohus th penulckeh ratotrn betiertue
eafehA cmmoloet a vende G0 Quer nen muAent mm

oundHo
fopuaten
fo pudke) cran ea Ho the chJeLte dole oD1. MOFrale
C
cuth DDT itunu muut eAtn oct tur(, herr 'olee@ÅRDA
cn JeO molcle advetn4cts
n undch o0T re.

aNatur SeleLAte)
he cLleA ey the poPELUadtm
dynamut emouLr& howerert dcbjet o chatnge t
2cLeenrcukt 0). Hort e 11 arn anuma) conhethdpg ha
enA
Cna Ih A upeeodo h-crre.o
A ConttnOy sleuit A h s Re'n 4enold to oeerce ou -he

ThethLtientaoq cCLLAO tha seleuke)t

1h arvchgs the.ort nadertot setadeby

oen
ne acnrcttm & 4h eltd--pcrin4s rcocluca d

A forutty a panes houeu chtuote

we

rLtto bf
efert ACrAt «hes <dhe ncuttra
AtAk ecmpleny gar sc1f tochtnpe frcgut
 Kondom qenet oru!
Flupuakn
he rcendon lortettruy th gene reguknuj ia onexall
Cauecl sena olr cohidh ouut ty brttt.cluhg poputahd).

urtge op ulntbo. 9n amau lortsbhhg topult

cu u

olena ha gene rauanc?i,: L Thus,

Suo t a pairt a01 Aa

frurt th au thantmbere u a omouu oreolsh iqeutaut
An t *urther roeny wibe tu ratn

nis
en a o4ha c a aprenteob eeo ort mora

foLaion coma han ho rencloy tn h a

fofuim ut to comei Hoktr ton auu
64hr.
Seuiokiy
oLAR) Baulue)-ooRnRteu ouvarnt populm

wnis thth ar Orukau cokeudadrm ena_nohr,

msuteLH i) uhh provblty rraw motatiy t ardanie

dhern
rsludnk ens Comenotty uhtth appaan dh atitleniot
 en J h n Q envertom mon
Th oanms uht) oruyehaulty wIDntzAo aardtn

LRndattn throuu r u uth touma 0 hut

riiote thgen ruojiene chgenert olrupl.

TneConct
+ cuDU Cnoin hout ha hordctodeu D t iehuh caryt
ha cn-oruct v) Arom ong ceu to andth , hom enalkn
to anottur enancut'n, Sjaii he" chcrHauter u pAenta
tmou coUo} n
h u t h gene a unolomenBeu brozyrcoil un4.
Actortoduny t o menol. +ha Rne cw r conute a
ortt'utoue Heuort or hreolHer ator ort herablteut

non but menoll Cenupt raAartolthg the ne weu

hypotheAta he rmaunao gdorant about h R

Comut
hemCU naur of the genl.
hyaecya
gene w a
13* thtroolu ceel t| Johaunxhey for
e Th e m
olltertmenn.
ort
meolelidn -feutort
ckrroduceo bytuton,
Loter bortje td
o r e , bruye

7 Lsent e t u e et moeler) ahomugty Conupis

ne FoRDws
Hhe phrntou& hyarbtuaëoul chaueaulor-
nene deemune

ta very kangR
in n 4he no, t en n u ) oeruby
tn tpmaruey to ha o. romb done, SevRro s2n

Rn ure lonoen do lal tocoLHRon 3 eu Chromohume.

Eath gen octupres apeiit pontiuy tn a y0uE
hrcomotome . s ro enocen a Locous.

neor ortefert u a teartrangom.ent st beb on a dang

A stnu pn may octr ch sevdrclHorem ot n sevtraN
tna &Hate h toruns ohr 4hounorumal euA
Cnwcer y QuoL . MOLn genL houe ontH wo e u l , ong
hom nortmoul 4ho o thorona is mutant #orem
OnHh0R Rna3 a r , unocon ehith hane thetie
aueenati oLA
Thang m brolokaoos olomuhoint ort neLae
but et no+ ouoy u
(9 Sorng Mot ot oen3 mule mor hoen onc &
hOuve rmori4h0u),io u u . "hoR a r nioen 'u

u dohaungr tn Compoartton -Tha ioune

enoen ats. m e m.
gendorerg ongchrtomoom ito anohat oNohounga
tOLrL wnhmobcH omwlbous eLoLn{pount
Crto Ogroréch a non- omORDbut+rosnALacsem
Chrconddo r .
10Cnen slupaueOLR homueles vesy OLurt Rh

ortings. out a9
fropru'eu dhenge.
() ALLoralsng to h
naant vdeLo,
aRna d a emeni
of ONA t h con+ezins he ehtortmbtty
mtn tort o
T oaten tnudiotol th a 0NA MaJR_CUPO

ne gend Rrins h S0qenie.

ra
amdno ai h o olyrapsolo thoh (Hha ehaktt co
coote
h r u "nucuottolu dol nkt
WS29uLna. ct Ona
L E n o u ' (Cooln).
 CLOLsO dofenatta) ot a gne
AN hDol slu meonuhg nLoreolthg
4o o u 4 veLo, kli o AA a Lnmao o
boenDRt unt+weh he #otioewtha rearR

(a) A e n es t u n d t P h y b t o g e i a - u n t h e t

fort c 2 ec phanotpe cheertaaLe

()Apna (3 a Cunt f
mutatun bR CLuR bH a on-Heun03
ort enolu cao LoLo t Ce atveruBe to ollPLret
phano npri ).
( ) Ooton, artin Ca hA dlitthoo 4tha gene a a olQuul
ahith eitauh o protiH h #he chremoome.

throuh olu to re cent+ oluoverj an Ahe <0Lo , ferf4rtui-i

Lrtt ctre ta olt covry ONA TKo cLousay tonlPt
rombcnaton
mudah*thnbLogi un cuth à sugapnao

KDo1 M, dmMiAt. eentt o# tunt ut, ONA thuth

wnolartao rpgnateo, otung
7
r o o n i s o 0 t m o r hon twb
Parru t n u m o o l bomtm my be ona

antteP ONA cahith t apaR

muteuon aLl enange
d he porttin ot onA ty a tihgu fot-
PRp4tolOhatn these a o COLLLR eu s t r u u t r a gen.

Comto0 l Hhcnt+ omplLment-eLtion ch

CArtteu) e n 2 e t h e r cu orme of a ort more a l
a b neu) cuhDK Lutt o u s t o m p e m i n t a r

rcLort) ¢ truetunai genR.

RPALi on 14 cthe un o roputatn .
 Cseca vorue moleuilcuf Concep c Jene
Hecortoltna to the re- 1940 eaols on a ruhA Cnat
Aene cwou the loh) cunut+ ut thhoru'heunt. eattneol br
- ciuterubu,
(4) untfon
aRQADmotnateen
() Muteutton
Mort &peu rtoU tho aen wcu
Ce) Theunnt uf tuntton -> The unu ot aeneH moertdothaut
Contotloo a thuruHeunu one undt chDarttert ort Cr

Aenes th koo uoys e.

Ca rombcnaddn> As h csnt of nkeutentQ_ not
gubdevdeibe by reLomanatm
6) muteuttn- As L mauutt unut i geneH
mOLero coeubl. ut cnolopenkent mutettn9
c o L d e o l vD as thot au crulertti otefeh
4 Snbauce undt c¥ thhrtteunt namn th
hae trurua otur ftneo
verH oleront Candt o ehh0rtu'teuncaL.Aceorealta
Qwt ururo+ mplLt Lontept gene 1s Hhe n s
u n t c o n or h un+t hheruHent söALa t.
On po204
padlhout oerebnau ola-Peheob b

cquvetant do 4 g nutitottala. fcue. ahto

uneon
s nutor),
e s - LrdLth hOLombchouka &muteuteon

H e r e n t undH
deftn to v e r

A 90(ton ot
Ra) pnrtodun ond
fhnotak
oQirtulern huw
 OutLeo4tdA o o . pare,

Cis-Arton ort tompltmen4eLtcon +CJ4ort ntiebna

aueLm
IR enttbnal culRm ef ceny reO mudokty
com m t b) tABt ounith yrbirolw o oeraktonay

ent
Cenat comtrtollnna tuo ymthasds ok on payp2f&tal.
h s- 4e34 envoles puttha #h dwo
udettm bRahaeNLmEhLn n a commen froibpi th h a
sort oRunconhurdtbn ho orrantm un cu
Congrs
tonteunth A 4h two miuteton th-h d eo a
Lu-huer O4RAtch mut houve wer a fhandkfe
ort 4h resu t t h trLNs

hmu-eand phaNoty2 , thi dran 4 t tannDt be usnd to

fttoLn- 4ert mort Common ecuioo }he Conpzu-

mentetCe) 4 4 ehvolves puttin two muteLtdem to be
Lommen froio-?luby tn Hha drraANN ot rauLhon
Chrromoome.
Lonawrcateon 4hOLtis o ertoLL
ortgeuum
*hO Conteuhin g.4he
OU

TDO
mtetto) trans ort r io) tnfaurrclm d
CALAOO a tr0uns -hOkro ORTha cod be Congldhn.

(1 4ha trrgn hAercozjtO4 ha muteLnt phenotP

ertgesnenm
t h henort

two muH

otart.
COmplemn+ of a h
CoLrtren1 both muutetton eto«bll mulesnt),the Londryu
ofLeh omdteoth routa. complomentt) 0enol+
rombw
cLomtow ontuin n n o cos howar the r a y
Ctet4R en a Herpaeo cortrteet euel4 ouf ha

be u reauta to cenatrtut al de d-koeroypih

h ptodluutby of-ex eixlo 4 L phenotyp

dopendbn uhahartunchbnaul esptks of auu Hhe retluant
RrO pribolutls bPHda ) r a prnilu wol n éonman proteptoa
AD Peinttono Prenoluit unolucoioftom o oraore

haRi8nDuLo prwolutao unituo ptaoleLt

n
hu a coclo Y8 PhnotaP, unlos 4haru auenty

from t h a l D U muten4 chrcombime.

raoduA (Dotuca

ap4e"wdu toolu cute,ortm oau-R g2n preaoust

on Ci t h wo mütkRbnd eirhuo d enR.I2
+aoø teons a ch dha: &amagentuen h e r a n
k04ro0 4 w u wn4ent
or mutend non uintConol)
frteelcut ut
LuLyunambhua unan muLtato u t r u t co ho
o no Podut foukagen 1roeluut otojull
t t h forunatin olg t r e n or compla-
Antee. tat- 4oaer eLi*hk rtem #eat 0luteunaoltrcam
LOmbunotHdm einui omplamantekn a rLLomoinautton

ampanHeLtiond

noPrulut Preluo eobom ertrun tuo otit

4dalnt depono on ruLombicuton .Comlemniåtton ort

 (wo R mutent) ouh Artttns-hilerco{301.
n h OMOrt otno owmbehoLl)
th volves dtrt hALdan t -ha, hnomoromi
CCLtrtna tho mueton ta.h lbrtaothgsg. rQsud
DmLmenHen dhouol buurt en 0ver
+and errozH204R Lonteundn mutatton ch to r o
dierunt ge
Limutetéon uf the u-Hro t

e n . n monH LALsetdo t mpru muutentn prDduun

h oLm fhenDt1 a n a .
unambDt1 anea

:Chdth tho rJ t ot comm0N4LIt69 -A Connot ba

)Oorminaunt or Co-elentndnt mudettun.

C ena n chuh utaord octur 4 a oni'od intren
n t Comjlamantatin .
C). foon mutak) 12» t a muueun anich atou..

() c - aukhy gen 12 q n a c h elonot Caclo tort

ouudt? prod,
fne Jrucul oB tha phage TyKn) Aotow-

Cntruute to lne thot h u

Phoga
u phag T an 9bugeute

ncleokbd fout onuhukhi pauugo uAh

Ty-Phe fcUret hteaa

an.E, oi unlan
toolyeatcwru procdu aoo-y0e prgO uptemoy
yau
LoRt AeLR Outrint maoltiun of e.'co ceu eh a
seruclh
ftogny cru. At4era feio houru deuercaHu f hteebn

beteruu PAaqa nteuh 5rto Pha

whna ewLcl yn2 Tuthieueo £. wi t supet tnHOLAO

Aragaruaolena t#U lon uto hou. Thl phlromen

O mLtt. urtounc PRn aluuo oltgpe age

L h choteocRy ru.oluung a Parteay eua To.

certeur mutentS f Pho Tyol0noeo

tmuta} r e o odonBt h e y mhbcHb).
A a rosut 0K uut-ats fcoelu a cUnuRo

mueunt n p rumOu o°S didi. wcpenu T Chremooe

ben2en oltsovereo} -heit mukentai corrtythg "akate.
Locatteoat ong hose 3 LDei 2 ) oceiwunA
enoubt atcotw on dirruh4 ¬ o Kearra an
CLothr batirtuophage
onHeoyeo
en4ereoyeoehreomotoma aó .

e t r u h o r , ua reoduo not r h H h a enesrak

ChromDbm 1
hage couru mulatedy eQLn be r o k colciec
R
sOruouy trtduuterna hoculo wch stercaut tooth pus
Kia Ca) c o L . Au t mitan prsoruea t-te_

emerty"ckoAaatec *ovuT 3O00 thd pengiend terg -

uarunaie 4tuv genu A) R r o

 Hot cemomonera) tuot h 4 A2ns n g rakrtn
mudeuto), one gup eä nueydons "ompomonoa o
rmcuduebn ¥eulol 4o pmunsnt a oher

m monMe:Ro n 8-rmudtag fasl Ho

n9ni a 0thit A'-muteton.
O
a n i t tn e.wti ) weth a ) mank
besh
beang

ONium norentl aru4h,Thi

lAhou& Huj tho

chenuttnau asrt imtesevn E.tottkceu)

Afl auou ofosiool l Rphop Arcot) ame

prooo on Aos t e.twu. £coun) ceL

rgesYha r a rotu t cam

hOMe he) Prco duu. Pat choLiLo cu.n Ma

KoUvO Ja0 ruoraal

Arothot frocLolura U o congmANHakT)

f cC m Supannun ot eou) pourr f muan}.

mua molbR PAru sna LoLo idhaeunip1 thi

mutan. M comaumeeutkon oLwt u tha cpLs ch

the 3upenglo hey
ADirtge ruR.tf comgto
0Hetbn

Cho
Duldo o ferun runpeatoruy nofounart
to auu9 Dn nwuy
condeunik on
atunb