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  • Сопротивление движению судов - Войткунский.Я.И - 1988

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    Сопротивление движению судов_Войткунский.Я.И_1988

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    Сопротивление движению судов - Войткунский.Я.И - 1988

    Uploaded by

    cowboybabytroll

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    A BotimiyncKuit CONMPOTMBNEHME ABMYKEHVIO CYQOB Hagaune stopoe, népepasotax Hoe H ZONONHeHHOE Alonguyno Munucmepe mesos asiciuezo u cped Hez0 enexuarnoe2o ob pasoaanun CCCP 8 Ka wecmer yuednuna JAt emyden mos 6408, O6Y- “QIOUjLXEA TO Chequaabnocman eCydocnipoe, yue & cydopemoame Bef udpoaspodunamuKas Jlenunepad a! joc LE iene BBK 39.420! B65 YJIK 629 12 073 282(075) Peneusentst. kabenpa Teopux Kopaéaa Huxonaenckoro KopaGaecTporTent Horo HECTHTyTa uM. auM. C. GO. Maxapopa (a-p TexH. HayK npo. 10 B Pemesa), aacayxennuii jeatenb HayKa & TexnuKH PCOCP I-p Texa, Hayk npop. A.M, Japaes Boitkynckuit AH B65 Conporaprenue zBuxKenmo0 cyzoB: Yuebunk — 2e H3L., nom. u nepepaé. JI.: Cymoctpoenue, 1988. — 288 ¢.: wt. ISBN 5—7355-—0032—5 Paccmorpentt puandecKHe MPOUeCCM, BHShBaIOU\He BOSHAKHOBeLWe CO CTABAAIONLAX NOMHOTO CONPOTHBACHHA NBWKCIIMEO CYAOB, B TOM UHCAG Ha BOS- RYWIHOH TOMYUIKe H MOABOAHUIX KPHLIbAX, a TAKE METODM HX SKCTEPEMCH- TambHOre H TeOpeTHGecKOTS onperexenua. Tan crynenros KopaOaectpowTenbuDk BYSOR H P3xyapvTeToa WHKeHepOB 4 acrMpaHTos. 8605030000 008 B~ aaa (on—ae 88 BEK 38 42 01 ISBN 5—7355—0032—5 © Hagatennctso +Cysoctpoenies 1988 OT ABTOPA ne Co BpemeHn BHXOLa B CBeT nepporu HaqanuA yueOuuKa «COMPOTHBACHHe BOJbI ABHIKEHHIO CyZOR» Mpouo Gosee ABaAyaTH nev, Dror mepHo Xapakrepugosaicd WHTeHCUBHLIM HCCNeqoBaHHeM npoGviem COmpoTHBieHud Kak B 9KCHepHMeHTaMBHOM, Tak H TeopeTH ueckom Mane. Baarogapa wupokomy Buenpennio IBM B npobese Hue TeOPeTHYCCKMX HM HHWKCHEPHIX PaCdeTOB CTaIO BOSMORULM Pewee Hue C NOMOUIbIO WHCI¢HHEIX METOLOB MHOFHX 3a%a% BOTpaHHYHOTO Clo WH BOTHOBOTO CONPOTHBACHHA, PaHee HEAOCTYNHLX AAA Teope THIeCKOTO aHamH3sa, C MoMolDlO KampKyAATOpon wu Manx SBM CTYACHTE! H HIDKeHepLI MOPYT Tellepb BeCTH pacueTH Mo paHee HE NPHMe@HABLIMMCA CAOKHBIM POPMyaM, a TAKKE MPOBOANTh WMpokue CPaBRMTeRDHbIe pacueTLl KH ABTOMATHSUPOBAaTb OOpa6oTKy SKCIepHMeH TaNbHEX Qannbix. Tlostomy neobxosumo Gowéé WHPOKO 3HAKOMHTb YualHXCA C CYULECTBYIOINHMA TEOPeTHUeCKHMH MOLXo7aMu K pacueTy COMPOTHBeHHA H HX BOSMOXKHOCTHMH. B nocaexwee BPeEMA SHAYH T@MbHOe BHHMAHHE YeNseTcA USy4eHHIO CTpyKTYpB MOTOKA oKOAO Kopnyca u ero pacyety. Or pewenua stow npoGnembl 3aBHCHT NOBbI mewHe sadepeKxTHBHOCTH HM HagesKHOCTH JBHAKuTeIeH, yMeHbINeHHe THAposMHaMmyeckoro Wyma 4 ap. Paspatwe TeXHHRW SKCMePHMeHTH POBAHHA NO3BOAHO TOMY4HTh HOBLIG MaTepHatE B STOH oGwacTH HMCIONING BakHOe HHKeHepHoe SHaveHHe. Flaunt yveGuHk npelua3svayeH OJ HOBpeMenHO AVIA CTYeHTOB AByXx cueluambuocteli — «Cyzocrpoerue u cyzopemoxt> u «uapo aspoqnuamuka>. TlostTomy w3oxKeHHe MaTepHasla MOCTpoeHO TAK UTO CCHOBHEIE FH Ap oaSpORMHAMMYeECKHeE H MeTOROMOTHUECKHE BOTPOCHT HeEOOXOLUMBIE DA OCBOCHHA YYAINMMHCA MeTOMOR PelleHHA MHKeHep HbIX 3aqa4, pacCMOTPCHL! B HAYaIbHMX Naparpadak coorpercTBylo- IHX TAB, a CLOKHEIE TEOPETHUeCKHe NOAXOALI — Kak HX MpopomKe- nae. 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Tipeaano-- weHHEle HpioroHoM KBaXpaTH4HYyIO 3aBHCHMOCTh TAAPOAMHaMHYeCKHX CH OT CKOpOCTH LBK2KeHuA H PopMyIy WIa pacueta cud AamunapHoro TpeHHA fo CHX Nop LIHPOKO NpUMeHALOT UpH usydenun OOTeKaHuA Ter OcHOBOMONOXKHHKOM TeOpeTHYecKOl THAPOMeXaHHKH, KOTOpan CayxKuT Gagolt Aad usyTeHUA CONPOTHBACHHA ABMKeRMIO Ten, cTan JI. Sinep. CosqaHnirk um no nopydeamio Poccuiickoli akazemuu nayk tpya « (1749) smecre c Kuurok JI. Byrepa «Tpaxvat 0 Kopa6le © ero KOHCTPYKUMH HM CTO JBHKCHEMY, BEIUeLUeHi B Tiapwaxe B 1746 r asHanch ocHOBOH TeopHu Kopabasa. JI Siiwep BICPBBIE ONPeAeT PoAb PoPMbl KOPMOBOH OKOHeYHOCTH CyAHa B COgqaHuH CHuIbt COnpoTHBJeHua Haumnaa c XVIE 8. npexmpHHuMaquch MomLITKH HccnesoBaTb XOAKOCTh CYAOB myTeM OyKCHPOBOGHEIX HCMBITanni wx Mogeaek C TIOMOMIbIO CHIE, CosqaBaemol agqaromnM rpysom. [lozoGupii mpun- tun GyKcupoBKH Mojiéqeli HaasnhAeTCA rpaBuTauontibim wu uHOrga WCNOIbSyeTCH B HacToOAee Bpema. [[popexenune Takum cmoco6om Nellbitanad Mogenei — Doprpu (Arana, 1670), Uanmen (Mpeuna, 1750—1760) Bopa (Anraua 1756), @paukaua (CIMA, 1764) — NepEOHavadbHO HOCHAH JHUIb CONOCTaBATeNBHNE xapaktep. O6ump HbIG CHCTEMATHYECKHE HCIIBITAHUA MOyereh CyYAOB, NpeHasHayeHHEIX JIA [BWKEHHA B KanadaXx, ObWIM BELMOMMEHEI No npeqsomennio Ppan Uy3cKoH akazemuu HayK JI’ AnamGepom, Boccto u Koupocae 8 1775— 1778 rr. Hamepenua saBHCHMOCTH CONpOTHBICHHA GombOrO dACTa Mofenell cyoB OT CKOpOCTH GOYKCHPOBKH OLIN aLIMOmHeHE! Bobya 8 konue XVIII B. B goKe Gn3 Jlowsona. OnHaKo BO Bpemcila Napyc- Horo cbyoTa JOcTaTOWHOTO CTHMyNa K HCCHe_OBAKMIO COnpOTHBNeHHA ABWDKEHHIO Cy2OB He GpIJIO, TAK KaK MX CKOpOCTP B GaaLimoh crenenH ZanHeea OT COCTOAHHA NOTosbl WH UCKY¥CCTBA CYMOBOUITOeH, C toapnenuem B XIX B. napororo thaota cTana akTyadbHol 3a ABT OUPSACMEHHA HeOOXOLHMOL MOIHOCTH CYAOBEX MANIMH; BO3- AKA HoTpeGHoOcTh B paspadoTKe MeToO,a onpenenusns COnpoTHBsE- HHS ABHAKEHHIO CYLOB C TOMONIbIO MepecueTa pesyJIbTATON HCURITAaHEe HX MOJefleH, TAK KAaK COCTOAHHE TeEOpeTHYeCKOH THAPOMeXdHAKH He MOSBONANO COILaTS HANeKHEIC PopMYAbI WA pacweta conpoTuBnenuA 8 XOTA pad HccmenoBaTemeli KaK B Poccun (C. O. Bypayex, B. H. Ada- Hacbes), Tak H 3a rpanuyeli (PanKaH, CxoTt-Poccems) mpeiaaraan TpwOnwxenube pacuerune sapucumocre. B 1872 r. B Topxpee (Anr- Ans) NO pyxosonctaom B. @pyga Ouix necrpoen Gacceitu pasmMepaMn 85x 143 M, B KOTOpoM Monet GYKCHPOBAMHCh C HOMOLIL10 TeNeKKH, AsWKyINeHcH wan MOBepxXHOCTIO BON. Coppemenune Gaccelinet, HCHOMbSYIOUME TeAERKKY RIA GyKcCHpoBKH, NoOSsTOMy WHOrAa Hass BaloT SaccelinaMy Tula Ppyna C web NPOBepKH x YTOWHCHHA Me Tola nepecueTa pesyAbTAaTOR MON@MIbHRIX HCNbITaHH Ha HATYpHoe CYAHO Hapaly ¢ MCMbITaHMAMN B OacceliHe IWOCKHX WlacTAH HW MOze- nei cytos B. Opya w 1873 r. BenoaHuA HaTypHbie GYKCHPOBKH KOp- peTa «[pelixaynt» OH wCcHegoBaHHA TMOsBOAMAM eMy MOTyHMTS SMIMPHTECKYIO PopMyy AA pacuera ConpoTHBAeCHHA TpeHuA ma CTHH, @ TAaKK NOLTBEPAWTH BOSMOXHOCTD HCHOAbSOBaHHUA Npek AOKeHHOTO WM Ke cnocoda Nepecueta coNpoTHBHeHHA ABWKeHHIO MOLeJH Ha CYAHO, OCHOBAHHOTO Ha 3aKOHE PpaBATAUHOHHOTO NOAOGUTt panee ccbopmMyuporannoro Pexom (1844), Merozuxa nepecuera, paspaGorannad @pyszom, » ero dopmyna AA pacueta CONPOTHBICHHA TPeHHa Ges CyWeCTREHHHX M3MeHeHHE HOBCEMECTHO HCNOMb3OBAIHCh B OMEITOBHX Gacceinax go 30-x rr. XX Bp Poccua Opuia OLHOH H3 MePBHX cTpan rae MeTOa MOJeADHLIX MCUBITaHHH = CTAAH WHPOKO MPHMCHATL IWIN HSYNeHHA XOMKOCTH cyaos. Nepsprit 3 crpane onposbii Gaccelin pasmepamu 1226.5 X3M TOcTpoeH pH axTHBHOH noanepaxKe JI. WU. Menneneera B erep6ypre H BBeweH B CTpoH 5 1894 r. B wiene Hayannix pykoBoguTeseli Gaccelina Gon MapecTHbe yueHble-Kopa6uectpontenn A H. Kpsiiop 4 HT Byoxos. B pexonctpynponannom Bue aror baccefia paGoraer MB HacToMulee EpeMa. Venema paspabctxa s Konue XIX B ou XX sz TeOPpHH BROAN ROPPaHHYHOTO COM H aSPOMMHAMHKH Kpbina TocaAyKuna Sasol ma CosqavHA METOQOB pacueTa COCTABAMIOULHX CHB ConpoTHETeHHA ABHKEHHIO CyYAOB. B 1898 r. Mayeat nofowna Havano MHHeHHOM Teopul BONHOBOTO CONPOTHBACHHA, NOYIHB POPMYTY BOHOBOTO CONpoTHBeHAA «TOH Koro» CyAHa IPM ABHOKeHHH ero Ha rayGoKoli Bone. Uncnewupie pac- weThE H MX S3KCUCPHMeHTAJIbHad MpoBepKa, BLINOMHeHHe BH 2O— 30-x rr. XX a. I. E. Mapnenxo, a taxxe Xoperoxom a Burvieem TOLTBEPAMAH MPaBHAHOCTh MCNOAB3OBaRHEIX B Hel MpeqnocHIOK H cnoco6cTboBalH Zataneliuremy ee pasBuTuio. Kpynaoit skaq 6 nanefinyio reopulo BHecaH a 30x rr. 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