STERLITE POWER TRANSMISSION LIMITED

“Report of Soil Electric Resistivity Test at substation Locations of

Kishtwar, Jammu Project.”
(IS: 1892 – 1979)

Location: Kistwar substation, Jammu

MARCH, 2024.
INVESTIGATION DONE BY:
JMD Survey & Geotech Consultants
New Delhi.
INTRODUCTION

The ERT work has been completed in association with JMD Survey &Geotech Consultants,
New Delhi and SMVDSR GEOTECH RESEARCH & QUALITY CONTROL LAB JAMMU.

AIM & SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION:

The main objectives of the Resistivity Survey and Investigation are as under.

⚫ To collect the basic data on sub-surface geological formation.

⚫ To study the sub-surface resistivity vertically at various depths for designing of electrical
earthing system

RESISTIVITY SURVEY:
The resistivity survey is conducted as per given Location as enclosed:

Total 5 number of points of Electrical Resistivity test is conducted at pre mark locations in
the plot area. In the geophysical resistivity survey Wenner configuration method is used.
The main aim of the present survey is to know engineering properties of the formation
and its resistivity at different depth.

In the Wenner four pin method, four electrodes are driven into the earth along a straight
line at equal interval. Current ‘I’ is passed through the two outer electrodes and the
voltage difference ‘V’ is observed between the two inner electrodes. The current ‘I’
flowing into the earth produces an electric proportional to its density and to the
resistivity of the soil. The voltage ‘ V ’ measured between the inner electrodes is
therefore, proportional to the field condition. Resistivity thus will be proportional to the
ratio of the voltage to the current.
𝐕
𝑷𝒂 = 𝟐𝝅𝒂
𝐈
Pa = Apparent Resistivity of the formation / Soil ( Ohm. m.)
a = Distance between two electrodes (m.)
V = Voltage ( milli volt.)
I = Current ( milli Ampere.)
R = V / I = Measured Resistance in Ohm.
RESISTIVITY SET UP
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT FOR RESISTIVITY SURVEY

At the selected point in the chosen direction four electrodes are driven into the earth up to
required depth along a straight line at equal intervals. The D.C. resistivity meter is placed in the
steady and level base. The current and potential electrodes are connected to the instrument
terminals. By passing current from the battery box, readings are taken and tabulated in the
table.

In the investigated area total 5 number of Electrical Resistivity Test (E.R.T.) is conducted/Logging
for each construction area in the pre marked locations, in this way total 5 E.R.T. are conducted.
The resistivity data of the sub-surface layers at different depth are calculated and tabulated.
Based on the interpretation of Geoelectrical through GRE-1 and 2 systems German Technology 2D
and 3D imaging of resistivity Data collected in the range of 1000m radius and 500m deep, but in
these reports only 5 locations logged out i.e. 50m radius and 50m deep for each site and followings
conclusions were drawn.

(Interpretation of Ground resistivity through WADA-TERRA Based- GRE 1 Sensor Based 3D and GRE
2 sys Long Range Tests of earth resistivity recorded and as per required to client 5 points selected
for recoding resistivity locations and coordinates given on each log sheet. With Directional as
(EW =C2+P2 )and (NS=P2+C1) East west /North South.
 Project Name: 400/132kv Pooling substation at trigram ,Kishtwar
Tower Location TRIGAM DATE: 26-03-2024
Test Equipment Used
Instrument Model/Asset number Serial Number
Earth Resistivity Meter WADA GRE/2354 SMVDSR/E/UYTR564

Weather Conditions Soil Conditions Soil Type

Sunny Wet Loam
Partly Overcast Moist Clay
Overcast Dry Sand
Raining Very Dry/Arid Stone/Granite
Temperature: 19.33 Other:

C2 P2 P1 C1

E/W N/S

a
20

a a a

Wenner's Method: Resistivity (r) = 2paR

Position 1 N-3683510.916, E-572477.166
a (m) 2pa (m) R (W) R (W) R (W) R (W)
C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1- C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1-
C1 P1 R (W) C1 P1 R (W) ρ Average (Wm)
0.5 3.14 0.100 1.300 0.010 0.0
1.5 9.42 0.670 0.340 0.449 0.4
3 18.85 0.710 1.550 0.504 0.5
5 31.42 2.120 1.660 4.494 4.5
9 56.55 4.316 3.120 18.628 18.6
12 75.40 5.660 4.250 32.036 32.0
13 81.68 6.210 5.660 38.564 38.6
15 94.25 11.310 9.210 127.916 127.9
19 119.38 14.330 25.110 205.349 205.3
25 157.08 15.000 15.000 225.000 225.0
50 314.16 22.000 16.000 484.000 484.0

Position T3,N-3683416.065, E-572541.243 Position T4,N-3683434.987,E-572453.548

a (m) 2pa (m) R (W) R (W) R (W) R (W)
C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1- C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1-
C1 P1 R (W) C1 P1 R (W) ρ Average (Wm)
 Resistivity-Depth
Resistivity-Depth
Curve
Curve
Resistivity-Depth Curve
10000
10000
10000

1000
1000
1000
Apparent Resistivity (ohm.m)

Position 1 N-Position 1 N-
100 3683510.916, 3683510.916,
E- E-
100
100
572477.166 572477.166

Depth Average 1 & 2

10 Depth Average 1 & 2
1010

1
1 1 0.1 1 10 100
0.1
0.1 1 1 10 10 100 100
0.1

0.1
0.1
Spacing (Depth in metres)

Spacing (Depth in metres)

1/2piR Vs Depth
1/2piR Vs Depth
1.8
1.8
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.2
1.2
Position
1 1
Position 1
1/2piR

1 Position
1/2piR

2 Position 2
0.8 Position
Position 3
0.8 3
Position 4
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
0
00 10 20 30 40 50 60
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth (m)
Depth (m)

Testing Officers: Approved by/Witnessed:

 Project Name: 400/132kv Pooling substation at trigram ,Kishtwar
Tower Location TRIGAM DATE OF TESTING: 26-03-2024
Test Equipment Used
Instrument Model/Asset number Serial Number
Earth Resistivity Meter WADA GRE/2354 SMVDSR/E/UYTR564

Weather Conditions Soil Conditions Soil Type

Sunny Wet Loam
Partly Overcast Moist Clay
Overcast Dry Sand
Raining Very Dry/Arid Stone/Granite
Temperature: 19.33 Other:

C2 P2 P1 C1

E/W N/S

a
20
a a a

Wenner's Method: Resistivity (r) = 2paR

Position T2, N-3683423.872,E-572505.899
a (m) 2pa (m) R (W) R (W) R (W) R (W)
C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1- C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1-
C1 P1 R (W) C1 P1 R (W) ρ Average (Wm)
0.5 3.14 1.200 0.560 1.440 1.440
1.5 9.42 0.500 0.540 0.250 0.250
3 18.85 0.550 1.200 0.303 0.303
5 31.42 3.200 16.350 10.240 10.240
9 56.55 13.220 13.210 174.768 174.768
12 75.40 15.320 16.320 234.702 234.702
13 81.68 21.660 27.320 469.156 469.156
15 94.25 7.360 9.210 54.170 54.170
19 119.38 21.330 12.350 454.969 454.969
25 157.08 14.000 13.000 196.000 196.000
50 314.16 16.000 20.000 256.000 256.000

a (m) 2pa (m) R (W) R (W) R (W) R (W)

C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1- C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1-
C1 P1 R (W) C1 P1 R (W) ρ Average (Wm)
0.5
1.5
3
5
7
9
14
22
 Resistivity-Depth Curve

10000

1000
Apparent Resistivity (ohm.m)

Position T2, N-
3683423.872,E-
572505.899
Position T2, N-
100 3683423.872,E-
572505.899
Depth Average 1 & 2

10

1
0.1 1 10 100
Spacing (Depth in metres)
1/2piR Vs Depth

1/2piR Vs Depth
0.35

0.35
0.3

0.3
0.25

0.25
Position
0.2 1
1/2piR1/2piR

Position
0.2 2 Position 1
0.15 Position Position 2
3
Position 3
0.15 Position 4
0.1

0.1
0.05

0.05
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0 Depth (m)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Depth (m)

Testing Officers: Approved by/Witnessed:

 Project Name: 400/132kv Pooling substation at trigram ,Kishtwar
Tower Location TRIGAM DATE OF TESTING: 26-03-2024
Test Equipment Used
Instrument Model/Asset number Serial Number
Earth Resistivity Meter WADA GRE/2354 SMVDSR/E/UYTR564

C2 P2 P1 C1

E/W N/S

a
20

a a a

Weather Conditions Soil Conditions Soil Type

Sunny Wet Loam
Partly Overcast Moist Clay
Overcast Dry Sand
Raining Very Dry/Arid Stone/Granite
Temperature: 19.33 Other:

Wenner's Method: Resistivity (r) = 2paR

Position T3,N-3683416.065, E-572541.243 400KV PEB ( At RF-1 Side Coloumn)
a (m) 2pa (m) R (W) R (W) R (W) R (W)
C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1- C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1-
C1 P1 R (W) C1 P1 R (W) ρ Average (Wm)
0.5 3.14 0.300 0.500 0.090 0.090
1.5 9.42 0.220 0.320 0.048 0.048
3 18.85 0.660 1.660 0.436 0.436
5 31.42 3.500 3.500 12.250 12.250
7 43.98 5.600 3.550 31.360 31.360
9 56.55 4.500 3.900 20.250 20.250
14 87.96 5.600 2.330 31.360 31.360
22 138.23 12.210 13.100 149.084 149.084
50 314.16 33.000 21.000 1089.000 1089.000
 Resistivity-Depth
Resistivity-Depth
Curve
Curve

100000
100000

10000
10000
Apparent Resistivity (ohm.m)

1000
1000 Position T3,N- Position T3,N-
3683416.065, 3683416.065,
E- E-
572541.243 572541.243
400KV PEB ( At 400KV
RF- PEB ( At RF-1
100
100 1 Side Coloumn)Side Coloumn)

Depth AverageDepth
1 & 2 Average 1 & 2

1010

11
0.1
0.1 1 1 10 10 100 100

0.1
0.1

Spacing
Spacing
(Depth
(Depth
in metres)
in metres)

1/2piR1/2piR
Vs Depth
Vs Depth

0.8
0.8

0.7
0.7

0.6
0.6

0.5
0.5
Position Position 1
1
1/2piR

Position Position 2
0.4
0.4
2 Position 3
Position
3 Position 4
0.3
0.3

0.2
0.2

0.1
0.1

00
00 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 5060 60
Depth (m)
Depth (m)

Testing Officers: Approved by/Witnessed:

 Project Name: 400/132kv Pooling substation at trigram ,Kishtwar
Tower Location TRIGAM DATE OF TESTING: 26-03-2024
Test Equipment Used
Instrument Model/Asset number Serial Number
Earth Resistivity Meter WADA GRE/2354 SMVDSR/E/UYTR564

C2 P2 P1 C1

E/W N/S

a
20
a a a

Weather Conditions Soil Conditions Soil Type

Sunny Wet Loam
Partly Overcast Moist Clay
Overcast Dry Sand
Raining Very Dry/Arid Stone/Granite
Temperature: 19.33 Other:

Wenner's Method: Resistivity (r) = 2paR

400/132kv ICT-2- R-Ph Position T4,N-3683434.987,E-572453.548
a (m) 2pa (m) R (W) R (W) R (W) R (W)
C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1- C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1-
C1 P1 R (W) C1 P1 R (W) ρ Average (Wm)
0.5 3.14 1.330 1.220 1.769 1.769
1.5 9.42 1.320 2.100 1.742 1.742
3 18.85 2.110 3.100 4.452 4.452
5 31.42 1.210 1.200 1.464 1.464
9 56.55 2.540 3.120 6.452 6.452
12 75.40 11.000 12.000 121.000 121.000
13 81.68 12.000 5.660 144.000 144.000
15 94.25 11.200 9.210 125.440 125.440
19 119.38 14.500 22.000 210.250 210.250
25 157.08 22.340 27.000 499.076 499.076
50 314.16 11.000 24.000 121.000 121.000
 Resistivity-Depth
Resistivity-Depth
Curve
Curve

10000
10000
10000

1000
1000
1000
1000
(ohm.m)
Apparent Resistivity (ohm.m)

PositionT5,ICT-2-
400/132kv N-400/132kv
PositionT5,
R- ICT-2-
N- R-Ph
100
100 Ph
3683368.066,- 3683368.066,-
E- E-
572461.653 572461.653
Position
132kv PEB
T4,N-Position
132kv PEB
T4,N-
100
100 3683434.987,E-3683434.987,E-
572453.548 572453.548
Depth Average Depth
Depth
1 & 2Average
Average 11 && 22
1010

1010
11
0.1
0.1 1 1 10 10 100 100

0.1
1
0.1
1
0.1
0.1 1 1 10 10 100 100
Spacing
Spacing
(Depth
(Depth
in metres)
in metres)

1/2piR1/2piR
1/2piR
Vs Depth
Vs
Vs Depth
Depth

0.12
0.7
0.12
0.7

0.6
0.6
0.1
0.1

0.5
0.5
0.08
0.08

Position Position
Position11
0.4
0.4 1
1/2piR

Position Position
Position22
0.06
0.06
2 Position
Position33
0.3
0.3 Position
3 Position
Position44

0.04
0.04
0.2
0.2

0.02
0.02
0.1
0.1

00
00 10 510 5 20 10
20 1030 15
30 40 15 40
20 50 20 50
25
60 25
60
Depth (m)
Depth
Depth (m)
(m)

Testing Officers: Approved by/Witnessed:

 Project Name: 400/132kv Pooling substation at trigram ,Kishtwar
Tower Location TRIGAM DATE OF TESTING: 26-03-2024
Test Equipment Used
Instrument Model/Asset number Serial Number
Earth Resistivity Meter WADA GRE/2354 SMVDSR/E/UYTR564

C2 P2 P1 C1

E/W N/S

a
20
a a a

Weather Conditions Soil Conditions Soil Type

Sunny Wet Loam
Partly Overcast Moist Clay
Overcast Dry Sand
Raining Very Dry/Arid Stone/Granite
Temperature: 19.33 Other:

Wenner's Method: Resistivity (r) = 2paR

PositionT5, N-3683368.066,- E-572461.653 132kv PEB
a (m) 2pa (m) R (W) R (W) R (W) R (W)
C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1- C2-P2-P1- P2-C2-C1-
C1 P1 R (W) C1 P1 R (W) ρ Average (Wm)
0.5 3.14 1.400 1.500 1.960 1.960
1.5 9.42 1.440 1.620 2.074 2.074
3 18.85 2.010 1.550 4.040 4.040
5 31.42 2.330 1.660 5.429 5.429
9 56.55 3.120 3.120 9.734 9.734
12 75.40 12.330 4.250 152.029 152.029
13 81.68 13.240 5.660 175.298 175.298
15 94.25 11.310 9.210 127.916 127.916
19 119.38 18.330 25.110 335.989 335.989
25 157.08 22.340 28.330 499.076 499.076
50 314.16 25.350 24.000 642.623 642.623
 Resistivity-Depth
Resistivity-Depth
Curve
Curve

10000
10000

1000
1000
Apparent Resistivity (ohm.m)

PositionT5, N-PositionT5, N-
3683368.066,-3683368.066,-
E- E-
572461.653 572461.653
132kv PEB 132kv PEB
100
100

Depth AverageDepth
1 & 2Average 1 & 2

1010

11
0.1
0.1 1 1 10 10 100 100
Spacing
Spacing
(Depth
(Depth
in metres)
in metres)

1/2piR1/2piR
Vs Depth
Vs Depth

0.12
0.12

0.1
0.1

0.08
0.08

Position Position 1
1
1/2piR

Position Position 2
0.06
0.06
2 Position 3
Position
3 Position 4

0.04
0.04

0.02
0.02

00
00 10 10 20 20 30 30 40 40 50 50
60 60
Depth (m)
Depth (m)

Testing Officers: Approved by/Witnessed: