CHAPTER 4

RULES IN THE SELECTING OF TYPELINES, CORE AND DELTA

TYPELINES
1. two innermost ridges that start or go parallel
2. diverge and surround or tend to surround the pattern area
a. core
b. delta and
3. ridges which are used in the classification of a loop

PATTERN AREA
- Is a part of a loop of whorl pattern surrounded by the type lines and consisting of
the delta, the core and other ridges.

RULES IN LOCATING TYPE LINES

1. Type lines are not always two continuous ridges, but are often broken. When there is a
definite break in a type line, the ridge immediately outside of it is considered as its
continuation.
2. When locating type lines, it is necessary to keep in mind the difference between a
divergence and a bifurcation.
3. The arms of a bifurcation on which the delta is located cannot be used for type lines.
4. Angles cannot be considered for type lines.

THE DELTA
-also called the outer terminus, a point along a ridge formation found at the center or
near the center of the diverging type lines.

RULES IN SELECTING DELTA

1. When there are two or more possible bifurcation deltas that conform to the definition, the
one nearest the core should be chosen.
2. The delta may not be located in the middle of a ridge running between type lines towards
the core, but at the end nearest to the core.
3. A dot may be used as a delta. A dot has no direction.
4. The delta may not be located at a bifurcation that does not open toward the core.
5. When there is a choice between a bifurcation and another type of delta, the bifurcation is
selected.

THE CORE
- Also known as the inner terminus, usually found at the center or innermost
recurve.

RULES IN SELECTING CORE

1. The core is located on the shoulder of the innermost loop farthest from the delta.
2. The core is located on the spike or rod in the center of the innermost recurve, provided the
spike or rod rises high as the shoulders.
3. If there is an even number of spikes or rods shoulder high, the core is located on the end of
the farthest of the innermost spikers from the delta, whether or not the spike or rod touches
the inside of the recurve.
4. If there is an odd number of spikes or rods at shoulder height, the core is located on the end
of the center spike, whether or not it touches the inside of the recurve.
5. Interlocking loops: Join the two loops with an imaginary recurve, making one loop with a
rod or rod inside. Count the rod(s) shoulder high and then fix the core.