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    HANGUL

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    HANGUL

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    1. A quick intro to Korean nouns Unlike nouns in roman languages, nouns in Korean: + do not use definite or indefinite articles like “a/an/the’; + do not have grammatical gender; * can be singular or plural, so the exact translation of a Korean noun varies with the context. Korean nouns are easy! 2.M= ..QUCt/lam... This sentence structure means “Iam ..” Let's plug in two nationality nouns for example: CorU) English jeoneun hangug ssalam-ibnid: iE CS APISILICE Lam Korean, jeoneun migug salam-ibnida Lam American. =O} ApeFeILICH. A closer look into the structure: ‘+ A (eo) is the first-person pronoun, same as "I" in English. ‘+ (neun) is a particle. It tells us that X1 is the sentence topic. + SLICE (ibnida) can be interpreted as the verb "to be” 3. Sentence word order Abasic Korean sentence follows the Subject-Object-Verb order. For example, to say “I lea Korean’, the structure is PT ycd yer Ae jeoneun —P&PSY—bacubnida ie pao = MBLC i toleam Korean 4, Spacing in sentences In written Korean, we put spaces between parts of speech, namely elements like subjects, objects, verbs. The rule of thumb is to put spaces between words, except between a word and a particle, such as Me. 5. Speech levels ‘A Korean can convey different levels of formality to his/her audience by changing the sentence endings. Its an important characteristic of the Korean language. Officially, there are 7 speech levels, but we will only leam the most commonly used three: Formal Polite, Informal Polite and Impolite* Cm are Scan od Formal Reserved for i ( a occasions Nationality" to ae Unit *Polite suicye @smectings Nr HEH presentations) Korean? Used in daily Informal conversation Polite between —_Unit “Polite (ending in friends, Form’ to Unit ofayoiay Sttangers or "Change" in toward Korean 1 92) someone older/superior Between close Impolite* friends; toward (ending in someone Korean 2 01/04/04) younger or a subordinate | a |e fae |s2 China jas Korea, Learning Tips for This & That 1. 01, 4, ¥4/ this, that, that over there To say “tis/that” in Korean, we can use the words 0! (), 1 (geu), and ¥ (Jeo) a) ol this geu that jeo A that...over there ery Indicates that the object mentioned is near the speaker. Indicates that ‘the object mentioned Is far from the speaker, but close to the listener. Indicates that ‘the object mentioned Is faraway from both the ‘speaker and the listener, 2. Topic particles 2/= -2/& (eun/neun) are the topic particles. They are placed after a noun or pronoun to: ec cy | aineun jung- {gug salam- ibnida, Of ofl Ba ABLE. This child is Chinese, ‘geu aineun jung-aug salamvibnida Aol BR ARLE. ‘That child is Chinese, Jeo aineun jung-gug salarwibnida, Mobis BS arereuic. That child over there is Chinese, «+ Introduce it as the topic of the sentence ‘+ show emphasis, ‘= show contrast, How do you choose between "2/2"? ‘+ When the preceding word ends with a consonant, attach ‘+ When the preceding word ends with a ‘vowel, attach "=" For example eu Explanation salam-eun A¥et ends withthe age consonant "8" so is people attached Feoneun sends wt the vowel iam "41" 80 Eis attached, | oF01 chit | aa man | ont woman Learning Tips for Everyday Items Possessives are used to indicate that something belongs to someone. We willbe learning the use ofthe Korean possessor "2!" (geos) and the possessive particle “21 (ui) 1. Possessive noun "21" "2" (geos) can be literally translated to “thing” in English. often follows “0, "=", ee es igeos-eun sagwaibnide The object ort Mentionedis 0128 Ate ~ near the uct. speaker This (thing) This is an apple sgeugeos-eun (geugeos) The object uyuibnida mentioned is farawayfom 4312 209 at theapecke, | ae but close to uct. That (thing) the listener. That is milk jeogeos-eun bananaibnica eogeos) the object mentionedis yo. Hal faraway trom “V8 HH both the gue. ker and That hing) Pea ets) thellstener. That over thereis a banana. 2. Possessive particle "S|" This particle usually follows the noun or pronoun that is the owner of something, roy Cred ‘migug.i sinmun ‘An American newspaper oiag ale eae alulchaeg Achild’s book oo} = geu namjaul keompyuteo ‘The man's computer, a este] ae Hin Korean, "M12" (eoui/my) needs to be abbreviated into "Al (le) For example: Korean Cre igeos-eun je chaeg- lbnida This is my book. O14 MI aISILICH. geugeos-eun je ‘sajeomibnida That is my dictionary. Ae A] AILEY jeogeos-eun je keompyuteoibnida. That is my computer over there nate M UREIULICL 4 jue sonora at sonle ane comoate a detonay 2 i fa Learning Tips for Phrases 1. To someone older or superior in status, we should say: “2181412 (annyeonghaseyo/good morning) oR "2HSHILITI2" (annyeonghasibnikka/How are you?). 2. Toa close friend, we can say: "2H? 21L1% (annyeong? jal inni2/Hi, how are you?) 3. Other common greeting phrases are as follows: D)gheis. (manhaeyo/Sorry) ‘UBO}. (gwaenchanh-ayo/lt's fine.) ‘BAPILICL. (gamsahabnida/Thank you.) ‘A10H12. (cheonman-eyo/You are welcome.) Extended Re: ing Etiquette is highly valued and widely practiced in the everyday life in Korea, ‘One typical scenario in the day-to-day life of a Korean usually goes like this: when we visit the home of an elderly forthe first time, we take a deep bow upon entering the door to show respect and politeness. This is very common when we meet a person who is superior in status or older than ourselves, On top of that, we also need to use the respective ‘speech level to show our respect and modesty to the person spoken to. Each speech level Indicates itself through the verb conjugation at the end of the sentence. For example: Ped Applicable ferry eae Tn Formal occasions; subordinates to superiors; the young to the elderly Formal Polite sich SUc ne level below the formal polite level used Informal 1/018/42 among friends; can be used toward someone superior or older Between close friends; superiors, casual oy04/04 toward subordinates; the elderly to the young log name Learning tips for Negation 1 In this unit, well find out how to make SIUICH sentences negative. Positive: A is 8. A 0 SB QUCt. (A.eun/neun B ibnida) Negative: A is not B. AS/= BONE OFLC. (Aeun/neun 8 i/ga anibnida) jeoneun hangug salam anibaida Jam not a Korean Hi BS AO] of YL| ch eu salam-eun hagsaengi snibnige “That person is not a AAS eo] oF IL) student tt igeos-eun keompyuteoga ~nibnida This is not a computer. Olzte SAFEI7 OMI ch. sgeugeos-eun bon ‘sagwage anibnida ‘That is not an apple aa] eee] spsjapop HOM Japan suc. 1) Subject marking particles "01/7" (ga) © °01/2! (vga) are used to indicate what the subject of an action (verb) is. (2)"01/7F (W/ga) are usually placed after: + Nouns + Pronouns + Numbers @ How to choose between *01/7# (Vga)? ‘+ When the noun ends with a vowel, attach "74" to the noun. ‘+ When the noun ends with a consonant, attach *0]"to the noun. For example: Jeoneun hangug salam anibnida The noun *Afz" ends Hit BR ABO OFIL| with the consonant ff "0 attach "Ol Lam not Korean, igeos-eun keompyuteoga anibnida The noun "281" 01212 AHEIEOMIU ends with the vowel o "4 attach F. ‘This is not the ‘computer. 2) "OFLICH’: One of Korean declarative sentence endings “OFEILICE (anibnida/is not)" is the negation of "QILICE (bnida) sa student | ot doctor | dae teacher | ae policeman Learning Tips for Question 1 In this unit, we learn about the question structure "A B/ B LILI? (Is AB?) and how to answer it. "QJL1DI? ibnikka)" isthe question ending as well ‘as the question form of "LICE (lbnida). AS/E BRILINZ = 1s AB? Coca} geos-eun bananaibnikka? Is this banana? oli wLILIELLInt? geugeos-eun ‘chaibnikka? Is that tea? aa] *eLine dangsin-eun ‘seonsaengnim- ibnlkka? ‘Are you a teacher? gale Marsecinie 2. Affirmative answer & Negative answer © Affirmative answer: Ul, ..RILICE (ne,.ibnida)” @ Negative answer {anibnida, HLICH, OFLC igeos-eun bananaibnikka? 5 this banana? olzte ubLILtes ut re, igeos-eun bananaibnida Ss Yes, this is uote uns —Penene uit. anibnida, igeos-eun benanaga aribnide. gig not banana. ofc, ole BILL oF a negative answer 3, Where is the subject in this sentence? Not every Korean sentence needs a grammatical subject. Usually the subject can be omitted if tis clearly known to both the speaker and the listener. Especially in casual conversations, the {grammatical subjects "you" and ‘I are often left out. (dangsin-eun) gyeongchal-ibnikka? (seg) sae (Are you) a police officer? ne, Geoneun) ‘gyeongchalibnida, Ceri) 4, (XE) AANLIct. Yes, (lam) a police officer. anibnide, (eoneun) gyeongchai anibnida. OFILICE, (HHS) atatol OFLC. DoS No, (Lam) not a police officer. Learning Tips for Public Spaces ‘The focus of this units the place adverbs “0471 (yeogiy,* 721 (geog))’,"#471 Geog)" and the question word "oH (eodiy 1."Gi21 (yeogi)’, "471 (geogi)", "171 (eosi)" ‘The usage of these three place adverbs is similar to the usage of the demonstratives mentioned in UNIT 2, which re “0” (), "2" (geu),and "A" (0). Z ar iS Ei yeogineun yostinide the paces nearthe aise aos of) here, speaker but aaee far away from. uch the listener Here isthe classroom «or eeigR ‘onic the pace is near the al ‘there listener but far 17It S42 away forthe Sich speaker Theres the ira. Jeoaineun hagayolonige the place is far over way fom aya|te el woe taint | esener oer ineeis Creel 2.°0iCI (where) yyeogineun eodiibnikka? ‘Whereis this place? ofl olclenLimt? yeogineun gyosit-bnida, This s the classroom, ove BARU, Jeogineun eodibnikka? Where is that place over ‘there? NIE olcleiLin? Jeogineun haggyoibnida, (Over there isthe school Role amc a | aa schoo! | aa classroom | saz Aibrary | saa 200 lea bank | a park | ssw tolet | obs man | gaz cinema | aa hospital Learning Tips for Colors 1. Colors as nouns In Korean, a color noun usually ends with "A pronounced as ‘sag’ sere) ererenao = ‘2M ppalgansaeg ‘2H nolansaeg meh palansaeg 4 nogsaeg ste hayansaeg USM geom-eunsaeg eft bolasaeg 2. Colors as adjectives ‘The color nouns listed above can be used as Is a Sino-Korean word for ‘color’, and itis. red yellow blue/green green white black purple adjectives to modify nouns directly For example: ppalgansaeg sagwa red apple azeat Aba nolansaeg banana yellow banana seta BILLY hayansaeg uyu white milk ator 22 TE set Be} way oe ae & blue yellow white black red purple pink ‘orange green Learning Tips for "Where is 3H In this unit we will learn how to describe where things are. 1. "Subject + location + Ol + SLUICE" = the subjects at . 2. "Subject + location + Ol+ SALICH = the subject is NOT at 3. "Subject + location + Oll+ 26 LI7}2" = Is the subject at..? 1."Subject + location + ll + 2GLICE = the subject is at ..(location). © "Ol(@)" i the location marking particle in Korean, It follows the location noun, (@ "RGLICHissseubniday” is a formal verb ending for Korean declarative sentences, indicating that something/someone is at a certain place. ror Cro dongmul dongmut: wore issseubnida, 820] seal WSU ch. Animals are at the 1200. nami aiga haggyoe issseubnida xt ofolzt e204 gle BOYS ate at school uct. geu yeoja aiga gong: wore issseubnida op ofoj2y gio That ai isin the park skeuch 2."Subject + location + Ol| + 21LICE" = the ‘subject is NOT at...(location).. "G1 LICH(eobs-seubniday"is the negation of "2! ‘SLCI(issseubnida)" mentioned above and also a formal verb ending for Korean declarative sentences, indicating that something/someone is NOT at a specific location. seonsaengnim-i osike eos Meubnida ‘The teacher is not in eo] maton gigi) the classroom. tt. Jeoneun byeong:wonve eobs-seubnida Ae aalol Suc. geu namja aineun doseogwan-e eobs- Im not at the hospital ‘seubnida That boy is notin the Aart obo EAZIOH Worary. Meu. 3. "Subject + location + Ol| + L1712" = Is the subject at..? "S1ELIIF Is the interrogative form of *2'SUICH (issseubnida)’, which is also a formal verb ending for interrogative sentences. It's used in the question "Is something/someone at some pplace?*.The pronunciation for zs" is "issseubnikka ro Cred seonsaengnim-eun gyosike issseubnikka? 4s the teacher inthe wee mol eu classroom? me geu namja aineun byeong-worre issseubnikka? fs that boy at the AA OO Batol hospital? ateuine ageu yeoja aineun Carne Issseubnikka? ofA} ofoli= Bao, sieuins Is that git in the park? Learning Tips for Location In this unit, let's look at how to describe spatial relations in Korean. 1. Location nouns co in| English a wi top ore alae bottom g yeop side a an inside 8 baak outside 2." + O1/7} + OfC[OH]+ BELL" = Where is A? ‘The pronunciation for A + 01/7 OfCIol| + e1eL1 ay "A+ i/ga eodie + issseubnikka?” co ET sinmun4 eodie issseubnikka? Where is the newspaper? ABO OfCIol| USL uljaga eodie issseubnikka? Where is the chair? SIR} OC IaH] QL IH naengjang-goga eodie issseubnikka? Where is the refrigerator? ‘SRT OCol BSL 3°[A+01/71] + [a place + location noun + Off] + ASUICH/SABSLICH" = A is/isntt (in relation to) a place. This expression “Ol @UICH/SSLICH is pronounced as "e issseubnida/eobs-seubnida’ sinmun-i chaegsang wie Issseubnida The newspaper is Ae0| AHF gol reLicp, onthe table. uljaga chaegsang yeop-e Issseubnida, poe heli beside the ‘Sini7t ata HoH ketch, “Able: rnaengjang-goga jubang an- The eeobs-seubnida. refrigerator not inthe ‘DIE Fe Otol VSLICH kitchen. | ae desk la to | of botom | choir \e sie je rom |a ‘outside jo ate | aa becroom jaw living room | |e titchen | aie}21 a | aca bed jam oot | yen rete | sweerat w Learning Tips for Possession In this unit, well be learning how to express "someone has something” and its grammar. 1. "A+ 2/E+B+0//71+ USUCP =A has/have B "RIGLICHissseubnida)’ is a formal verbs ending for Korean declarative sentences that indicates possession, hagsaeng-eun chaeg- {issseubnida S42 Ao] acich Jeoneun kiga issseubnida Ihave a key. AE 717F Mech The student has 2 book 2 A+S/E+B+ O/7HASUCP = A doesn't/don't have B “SL@LICH(eobs-seubnida)" Is the negation of "2USLICH(issseubnida)" and a formal verb ending for Korean declarative sentences. porn cy Jeoneun sin mun eobs-seubnida Ueom neve newspaper. ALE S120] SSclct. geu namjaneun aiga eobs-seubnida That man has no AL BAtE of0171 Ste children, uct. 3."A+2/E/+B+0//7t+ USL M2" = Does/Do A have B? “342L10I(Issseubnikka)" Is the interrogative form of *21CHissda)" and a formal verb ending for interrogative sentences. Cora) re eu yeojaneun aiga issseubnikka? Does that woman: AL OYRHE Of0121 216 have children? Unie geu seonsaengnim- eun hagsaengi issseubnikka? Does that teacher. aAde sol avestudents? étine |= pen | att wellet al key |3a notebook \@ liquor | aia coffee Learning Tips for Particles 1 In this unit, we learn two particles: © (to0/also) and 91/34 (and). 15 too/also rnoun/pronoun+ = The noun before "Eis the thing/person that is being emphasized with “too/also" jeodo keompyuteoga Issseubnida Jalso havea AS ARE Le! computer, ct. seonsaengnimdo sajeonissseubnida The teacher also has ‘Aes AMOI 2lé& a dictionary Uc. geu aldo haggyoe eobs-seubnida That child also is not A ofo|s: satay] es at school. uct. 2. "21/2" = and “21/24 connects nouns. “A + 91/2} +B" means ‘A and "2(wva)" Is attached to nouns ending with a vowel; "34(gway is attached to nouns ending with a consonant, poy ee apples and bananas: ABSIS WELLE PPI keopiwa cha Ag} %} coffee and tea chaeggwa sinmun books and aaah Ae newspapers: hagsaeng-awa seonsaengnim ‘students and teachers ‘seat AYA Learning Tips for My Family 1." 92!" = us/our ja Koreans often use “2I(ull, us/our)" in conversations to make both parties feel jeu closer to each other. When a Korean talks about his family, he a would refer to it as "2! 7} (uli gajog / our family)’, although it's realy just "his own family.” | om For example: 7a (uli gajog-eun abeojiwa eomeoni, jega | issseubnida) jos 2] 7S of{a19} OfO{LI, MIZE SALICL (our family has (my) father, mother and me. la 2. Two sets of expression for "elder | eeu brother" and "elder sister” | pons por onary fd & jaz elder SHH0PPA) brother |uea Female au elder sister (eonni) | os elder a A(hyeong) Picther ‘;Li(nuna) elder sister caugher cranaatar Learning Tips for Numbers 1 ‘There are two number systems in the Korean language: the Sino-Korean number system; the native Korean number system, ‘The native Korean numbers have been long in existence in the Korean language, while the Sino-Korean numbers derived from Chinese numbers. Hence, the pronunciations of the Sino-Korean numbers are similar to thelr original readings in Chinese. In this unit, we will focus on the Sino-Korean ‘numbers and how to use them. 1.1-10 ‘Sino-Korean numbers appear often with dates and Hanja counters, measure words or classifiers that come between the numbers and nouns. (although Hanja, meaning “Chinese characters in Korean, counters are derived from the Chinese measure words, most Koreans today do not recognize or use these Chinese characters anymore. Students of the Korean language are not expected to learn these Chinese characters, but we listed them nonetheless for those who are curious.) For example. Beco Com) pe eco a nyeon tinyeon w 4) au 1 year year i wol iwol ol HA) olf 2 month February sam a samiil a 2) ag 3 day 3 days sa bun sabun Ab EO) A 4 minute minutes ° cho ocho: 2 2) ed 5 second Seconds yug a yug-won 2@ ae So eesrane | ates eh jul chili a um) waa 7 week 7 weeks pal beon palbeon u cr) we 8 number No.8 7 a 2 6) id 9 layer/foor gare nafer sib inbun el 4 a ee | When expressing months, "June" is "$2 (yuwol)" and "October" is "All (siwol)". 2.11-99 ‘To express double-digit numbers, simply read the ‘numbers from left to right with a 4 (sib) in between: the first digit + 4 the second digit ‘There are two exceptions: If the first digit is 1, omit the 1 and start from (sib): 11(41/sib-il), 16(88/sib-yug),.. @ If the second digit is 0, stop at 41(sib): Learning Tips for Shopping In this unit, we will learn the necessary words and structures to ask for prices. 1. 100, 1000, 10000 In Korean, the "1" in the values “€4(sib) for 10, “"8l(baeg)" for 100, "&4(cheon)" for 1,000 and “gL(man)" for 10,000 is omitted. But in other ‘numbers, "1" must be pronounced. baeg 100 ibaeg 200 om ‘cheon 1000 a ‘samcheon 3000 aa man 10000 a saman 40000 arse 2. Price ‘The South Korean currency is "21(W)" and pronounced as "won’. "YO}SIL1 742 (eolmaibnikka)" is used to ask for prices. Examples: ro Li sagwaneun eolmaibnikka? How much is an apple? Ashe golem sagwaneun cheon- wonsbnida The apple is 1000 Won Ashe Melaiuict ichaeg-eun eolmabnikka? How much is this book? ol 4g wolgLIMP | chaeg-eun ocheon- won:bnida This book is §000 Won. 01 42 SataleiLicy | keompyuteoneun eolmatbnikka? How much I this | FEN torelL usted m™ | keompyuteoneun baegman-won-ibnida ‘This computer is 1 olga weraige) —— Millon Won c Numbers 2 In ‘Numbers 1", we met the Sino-Korean numbers, ‘one of the two number systems in Korean, In this unit, we will take a look at the native Korean ‘numbers from 1 to 10 and how they are used 1. The Basics ‘The native Korean numbers are usually used before certain count words, such as these ones: Co Korean Numbers hana hae hhan hae et cI at one year fone year dul dal du dal & 2 se two month two months. ses si sesi “4 al aa three lock three delock res sigan ne sigan cy Alt uae four hour four hours daseos myeong _daseos myeong cry a cyt a five person five people yeoseoe sal yeoseos sal on 2 ont at six year(s)old —_sixyears old ligob gae ligob gae we m4 wet seven thing/object| seven yeodeolb mali yeodeolb mai org, ora fg oat elght animal ight shot jan aod jan oe = ome te eee yeol Jang yeoljang # o aa tn PREBSPE ten shots ‘When paired with a count word, the numbers 1-4 “OH, A" become "Et", ‘Al and “H1". For example: oe se Ala uae 2. Specifying Quantities Koreans use this structure "noun + number + count word" to specify the quantity of something, For example: Learning Tips for Numbers 3 Let's learn more about the native Korean numbers, This time we will tackle 20 to 90. In addition, we will learn how to ask for ‘someone's age and tell time in this unit. 1. The Native Korean Numbers 20-90 De Cer ty ic seumul twenty seoleun thirty maheun forty oe swin fifty a yesun sixty ol ‘then seventy we yeodeun eighty oF aheun ninety ore. ‘Since the native Korean numbers are more complex than the Sino-Korean ones, numbers larger than 100 are rendered in Sino-Korean numbers, ‘When pairing with a count word, the native Korean ‘number “for twenty conjugates into "A (seumu)’ for example: ‘A 4 (seumu sal) for twenty years old 2."8i (myeoch)" “3! (myeoch)* is the interrogative word used to ask questions related to quantities of age. For example’ “BH 4t (myeoch sal)" = how old "81 Al (myeoch si)’ “31 Hl (myeoch gae)"

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