Module 2

Mechanical Properties of
Metals-I

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 Content
• Introduction
• Tensile Test
• Tensile Properties
• Behaviour of sample during testing
• Fracture
• Summary

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 Introduction

• The mechanical properties of materials

are ascertained by performing
carefully designed laboratory
experiments that replicate as nearly as
possible the service conditions
• The role of structural engineers and
role of materials and metallurgical
engineers in testing field.

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Tensile Test

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 Observation data
Load(P) KN Deformation(mm)
P1 L1
P2 L2
P3 L3
P4 L4
P5 L5
P6 L6
P7 L7

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 Tensile Properties:
Yielding and Yield Strength

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Yield point phenomenon

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Behaviour of sample during testing

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Fig. Schematic representations of tensile stress–strain
behavior for brittle and ductile metals loaded to fracture.

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Fracture

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 Summary
• The phenomenon of yielding occurs at the onset of
plastic or permanent deformation.
• Yield strength is indicative of the stress at which
plastic deformation begins. For most materials yield
strength is determined from a stress–strain plot using
the 0.002 strain offset technique.
• Tensile strength is taken as the stress level at the
maximum point on the engineering stress–strain
curve; it represents the maximum tensile stress that
may be sustained by a specimen.

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• For most metallic materials, at the maxima
on their stress–strain curves, a small
constriction or neck begins to form at some
point on the deforming specimen.
• All subsequent deformation ensues by the
narrowing of this neck region, at which point
fracture ultimately occurs.
• Ductility is a measure of the degree to
which a material will plastically deform by
the time fracture occurs.

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 Exercise
• What is meant by Blue Brittleness in
case of plain carbon steel?

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• A cylindrical rod 100 mm long and having a
diameter of 10.0 mm is to be deformed
using a tensile load of 27,500 N. It must not
experience either plastic deformation or a
diameter reduction of more than 7.5 x10-3
mm. Of the materials listed as follows, which
are possible candidates? Justify your
choice(s).

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