CV34

USN 1 M S
(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Govt. of Karnataka)
Accredited by NBA & NAAC with ‘A+’ Grade

SEMESTER END EXAMINATIONS – MARCH 2022

Program : B.E. : Civil Engineering Semester : III
Course Name : Fluid Mechanics Max. Marks : 100
Course Code : CV34 Duration : 3 Hrs

Instructions to the Candidates:

 Answer one full question from each unit.
 Missing data can be assumed suitably.

UNIT- I
1. a) (i)Explain Newton Law of Viscosity and its importance in fluid motion. CO1 (06)
What is the effect of temperature on viscosity of water and that of air
(ii)Differentiate the following: Ideal Fluid and Real Fluid CO1 (04)
Vapour pressure and Compressibility.
b) Two large plane surfaces are 2.4cm apart. The space between the CO1 (10)
surfaces is filled with glycerin. What force is required to drag a very thin
plate of surface area 0.5 square meter between the two large plane
surfaces at a speed of 0.6m/s, if
(i) The thin plate is in the middle of the two plane surfaces
(ii) The thin plate is at a distance of 0.8cm from one of the plane
surfaces. Take dynamic viscosity of glycerin 8.10×10 -1 Ns/m2.

2. a) Define pressure. Obtain an expression for variation of pressure in a CO1 (10)

fluid at rest.
b) The diameter of a small piston and a large piston of a hydraulic jack are CO1 (10)
2cm and 10cm respectively. A force of 60N is applied on the small
piston. Find the load lifted by the large piston when:
(i) Piston are at the same level
(ii) Small piston is 20cm above large piston.
The density of the liquid in the jack is given as 1000kg/m 3.

UNIT – II
3. a) An opening in a dam is covered using a vertical sluice gate. The CO2 (10)
opening is 2m wide and 1.2m high. On the upstream of the gate the
liquid of specific gravity 1.45 lies upto a height of 1.5 above the top of
the gate, whereas on the downstream side the water is available upto a
height touching the top of the gate as shown in Fig.3 (a) Compute:
i) The resultant force acting on the gate and position of centre of
pressure.
ii) Force acting horizontally at the top of the gate which can open it.

Fig.3 (a)

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b) Fig. 3(b) shows a curved surface LM, which is in the form of a quadrant CO2 (10)
of a circle of radius 3m, immersed in the water. If the width of the gate
is unity, Determine the horizontal and vertical components of the total
force acting on the curved surface.

Fig. 3(b)

4. a) Discuss in brief the types of equilibrium of floating bodies with position CO2 (05)
of metacenter in each case.
b) If a wooden block of width 1.25 m, depth 0.75m and length 3.0 m is CO2 (07)
floating in water, compute the water displaced by the wooden block and
determine the position of center of buoyancy. Given specific weight of
the wood is 6.4 kN/m3.
c) A solid cylinder 2 m in diameter and 2m high is floating in water with its CO2 (08)
axis vertical. If the specific gravity of the material of cylinder is 0.65
find its metacentric height. State also whether the equilibrium is stable
or unstable.

UNIT – III
5. a) Define: CO3 (10)
i) Stream line. ii) Path line. iii) Stream function.
iv) Potential function. v) Flow-net.
b) List different types of fluid flow. Derive continuity equation in Cartesian CO3 (10)
co-ordinates for a steady three-dimensional flow of incompressible fluid.

6. a) State Bernoulli’s theorem for steady flow of an incompressible fluid. CO3 (10)
Derive an expression for Bernoulli’s equation from first principle and
state the assumptions made for such a derivation.
b) State Euler’s equation of motion. For the given velocity potential CO3 (10)
function φ, determine velocity components in x and y directions. Also
check if the function represents a possible case of flow

Φ= .

UNIT – IV
7. a) Provide a detailed classification of notches and weirs with neat CO4 (10)
sketches.
b) Water flows in a circular pipe with gradually varying diameter. At one CO4 (10)
section the diameter is 0.4 m, the static pressure is 160 kPa gauge, the
velocity is 3.5m/s and the elevation is 8 m above ground level. The
elevation at a section downstream is 0 m, and the pipe diameter is
0.2 m. Find the gauge pressure at the downstream section. Frictional
effects may be neglected. Assume the density of water to be
1000 kg/m3.

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8. a) Derive an expression for force exerted by fluid jet for the following CO4 (06)
cases:
(i) Stationary flat plate normal to the direction of flow
(ii) Inclined flat plate normal to the direction of flow.
b) Discuss the effects of end contractions over a rectangular notch. A CO4 (14)
rectangular channel 4m wide has a discharge of 350 litres per second,
which is measured by a right-angled V notch. Find the position of apex
of notch from bed of the channel if maximum depth of water is not to
exceed 2m. Take Cd as 0.6. Sketch the arrangement.

UNIT – V
9. a) Illustrate the following with the help of relevant sketches: CO5 (10)
i. Reynold’s experiment
ii. Moody’s chart
Differentiate between Laminar flow and turbulent flow.
b) Differentiate between pipes in parallel and pipes in series connection. CO5 (10)
Arrive at the diameter of the equivalent pipe replacing the pipe system
having three pipes with lengths l1, l2 and l3 and diameters d1, d2 and d3
(d1>d2<d3).

10. a) Define siphon. Describe the components of siphon. CO5 (10)

Water is flowing with a velocity of 1.2 m/s in a pipe of length 2 km and
of diameter 400 mm. At the end of the pipe, a valve is provided.
Determine the rise in pressure if the valve is closed in 25 seconds.
Consider the value of C =1460 m/s.
b) Enlist the various losses that occur in the pipe flow. CO5 (10)
Determine the difference in elevation between the water surfaces in two
tanks connected by a horizontal pipe of diameter 300 mm and length
800 m. Discharge of water through pipe is 200 lt/s. Consider all losses
that occur during the flow. Consider friction factor to be 0.036. Plot HGL
and TEL for the arrangement.

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