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7.2 - Medical Virology Part 2
7.2 - Medical Virology Part 2
DNA Virus
family names end in viridae (e.g. Parvoviridae)
Adenovirus
non-enveloped, icosahedral
dsDNA genome
source = adenoids
lymphatic tissues that are found between the back of the nose and the
throat
Family = Adenoviridae
virus
bacteria
Sx
no vaccine yet
Reye’s Syndrome
Parvovirus
Family = Parvoviridae
Rubeola
Rubella
S/Sx
Complications
Transient aplastic anemia → resulting from the activity of the virus on the
bone marrow
Prophylaxis
fever → antipyretic
Papovavirus
Family = Papovaviridae
affecting humans
Pa for papillomavirus
Po for polyomavirus
Va for vacuolating
outgrowth of warts
Tx:
Liquid N
herbal preparation
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
tx = surgical removal
Genital cancer
Poxvirus
Family = Poxviridae
3 categories
Orthopox
Sx = blisters, rashes
Smallpox
the first disease that was declared as totally eradicated by the WHO
Cowpox
vaccinia
Parapox
symptomatic management
Yabapox
Tanapox
Herpes virus
Family = Herpesviridae
Characteristic
Cytopathic effects
w symptoms
Classes:
Alpha-Herpes
Beta-Herpes
CMV (cytomegalovirus)
Gamma-Herpes
Gingivostomatitis
conjunctiva
Encephalitis → treatable
empiric
given via IV
dose = 10mg/kg
Tx = Acyclovir — guanosine-derivative
chicken pox
Sx — Water-filled vesicles
don’t give aspirin when it is a viral infection cuz it will cause liver and brain
damage
fever medications
Prophylaxis
Chickenpox vaccine
CM of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
mononucleosis
congenital condition
To — Toxoplasmosis
R — Rubella
C — Cytomegalovirus
He — Herpes/HIV/Hepatitis B
S — Syphilis
if the person is healthy, has no symptoms, and normally goes away on its own
Tx = Valganciclovir
pro-drug
Infectious mononucleosis
kissing/sharing of food
no specific tx
CM of HSV-6
6th disease
non-pruritic rashes
> aka Delta agent > a circular RNA that is more similar to a plant viroid
Hepatitis D
than a complete virus.
> a flavivirus — from mosquito > unclear connection to humans > “Orphan
Hepatitis G
Virus”
acute/chronic hepatitis
acute = short-term
normally nawawala
chronic = long-term
blood-borne hepatitis
liver enzymes go to the blood cuz the liver is damaged, making the blood
yellow in color
enteric = GIT
Infectious Hepatitis
Hepa B, C, D
Hepa B
Silent killer
no sx at early stages
liver cancer
Diagnosis:
Serological Tests vv
Serological Tests
#4 — Anti-HBcAg IgG
Hepa D
Viroids — a virus-like organism that does not have a protein coat and contains
only NA
RNA Virus
(-) sense = has to be converted into its (+) form before translation
Poliovirus
Clinical manifestations:
Aseptic meningitis
mild fever
Paralytic poliomyelitis
paralyzed body
MOT
oral
contaminated food/water
Prophylaxis
Salk (IM)
IM → 3 doses
Sabin (po)
po → 6 doses
live-attenuated virus
mass immunization
less effective
Coronaviridae
common colds
SARS-CoV-2 = COVID-19
tx = COVID-19 vaccine
may license lang and vaccine pag nasa state of emergency tayo
Gastroenteritis (infants)
Caliciviridae
Norwalk virus
Tx
a. Dengue Fever
CM
Break-bone fever
S&Sx
S&Sx
Platelet count
normal = 250-450
dengue px
Dengvaxia
you can only be immune to the specific strain you were infected by
vector agent
MOT
No tx
Retroviridae
Retro → Reverse transcription
provides the virus the ability to convert its (+) sense RNA strand to DNA
strand
HIV types
Antiretroviral Agents
integrase inhibitor
prevents the integration of the DNA of the virus into the DNA of the host
cell for it to replicate
protease inhibitor
prevents the maturation, hence immature viruses, which are not virulent are
released
HIV groups
groups A-K
Reverse Transcriptase
Protease
Integrase
6 drug classes
Entry inhibitors
Integrase inhibitors
normally binibigay
Fixed-dose combination
a. Paramyxovirus
Sx = Stridor
b. Mumps virus
CM = infectious parotitis
Prophylaxis
c. Morbillivirus
CM = Measles (Rubeola)
characteristic sx of Rubeola
1° Sx = Rashes
Complications
Tx = OTC medications
d. Myxovirus
parang influenza
Tx = -mab
Sx
90% fatal
Examples:
Ebola virus
Africa
MOT
Not air-borne
highly contagious
bodily fluids/secretions
Marburg virus
Germany
Reston (REBOV)
affects monkeys
Arenaviridae
rodent-borne
Lassa virus
Junin virus
Machupo virus
Bunyaviridae
Member of Arbovirus → Toga, Flavi, Bunya
vector-borne
a. Phlebovirus
c. Norovirus
d. Hantavirus
Orthomyxoviridae
Influenza virus
Antigens
H = hemaglutinin
H1N1
H2N2
H3N2
Treatment
Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®)
-tamivir
Rhabdoviridae
Rabies virus
CM = fatal encephalitis
Categories
Symptoms:
Hydrophobia
Photophobia
Painful swallowing
Stiff neck
Drooling effect
Rabies vaccine
schedule of treatment