PROFIS Design Guide - US-En Summer 2021

NORTH AMERICAN
PROFIS ENGINEERING
ANCHORING TO CONCRETE
DESIGN GUIDE
ACI 318-14 Provisions
2021
DBS • 05/21
TABLE OF
1.0 TENSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.1 Bond Failure Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
CONTENTS
Equations Na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Equations ϕNa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Equations Nag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Equations ϕNag. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Equations ANa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Equations ANa0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Equations cNa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Equations ψec,Na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Equations ψed,Na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Equations ψep,Na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Equations Nba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Variables тk,c,uncr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Variables тk,c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Variables da. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Variables hef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Variables ca,min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Variables ec1,N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Variables ec2,N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Variables cac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Variables λa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Variables αN,seis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Calculations CNa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Calculations ANa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Calculations ANa0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Calculations ψec1,Na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Calculations ψec2,Na. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Calculations ψed,Na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Calculations ψcp,Na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Calculations Nba. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Calculations Na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Calculations ϕNa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Results Nag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Results ϕNag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Results ϕbond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Results ϕseismic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Results ϕnonductile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Results Nua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

1.2 Concrete Breakout Failure Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 1.3 Pullout Failure Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Equations Ncb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Equations Npn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Equations ϕNc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Equations Np . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Equations Ncbg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Equations Np,fć . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Equations ϕNcb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Equations Npn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Equations ANc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Equations ϕNpn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Equations ANc0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Variables ψc,P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Equations ψec,N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Variables Abrg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Equations ψed,N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Variables λa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Equations ψcp,N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Variables fć . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Equations Nb = kc λa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Variables Np,2500. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Equations Nb = 16 λa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Variables Np. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Variables hef. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Variables αN,seis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Variables ec1,N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Calculations (fć /2500)n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Variables ec2,N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Calculations Np . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Variables ca,min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Results Npn (cast-in anchors) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Variables ψc,N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Results Npn, fć (mechanical anchors) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Variables cac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Results Npn (HIT-Z anchor with HIT-HY 200) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Variables kc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Results ϕconcrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Variables λa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Results ϕseismic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Variables f´c. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Results ϕnonductile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Calculations ANc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Results ϕNpn (cast-in anchors) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
Calculations ANc0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Results ϕNpn,fć (mechanical anchors) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Calculations ψec1,N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Results ϕpn (HIT-Z anchor with HIT-HY 200) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Calculations ψec2,N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Results Nua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Calculations ψed,N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Calculations ψcp,N. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Calculations Nb = kc λa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Calculations Nb = 16 λa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Results Ncb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Results ϕNcb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Results Ncbg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Results ϕNcbg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Results ϕconcrete. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Results ϕ nonductile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Results Nua. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78

1.4 Side Face Blowout Failure Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 1.6 Sustained Tension Load — Bond Strength. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Equation Nsb = 160 αcorner ca1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Equations ϕNba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Equation Nsb = 160 ca1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 Equations Nba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Equation ϕNsb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Variables λa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Equation ϕNsbg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Variables тk,c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Equation Nsbg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Variables da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Equation αcorner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Variables hef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Equation αgroup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Calculations Nba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Variables ca1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Results Nba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Variables ca2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Results ϕbond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Variables Abrg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Results 0.55 ϕNba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Variables λa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Results Nua,s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Variables fć . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Variables s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Calculations αcorner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Calculations αgroup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Calculations Nsb (single anchor in tension) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Calculations Nsb (anchor group in tension) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Results Nsb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Results Nsbg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Results ϕconcrete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Results ϕseismic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Results ϕnonductile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Results ϕNsb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Results ϕNsbg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Results Nua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Results Nua,edge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
1.5 Steel Failure Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

Equation Nsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Equation ϕNsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Variables Ase,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Variables futa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Calculations Nsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Results Nsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Results ϕsteel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Results ϕNsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Results Nua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

2.0 SHEAR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 2.2a Pryout Failure Mode (Pryout Bond). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Equation Vcp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
2.1 Concrete Breakout Failure Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Equation Vcpg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Equation Vcb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Equation ϕVcp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Equation Vcbg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Equation ϕVcpg. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Equation ϕVcb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Equation ANa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
Equation ϕVcbg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Equation ANa0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Equation AVc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Equation CNa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212
Equation AVc0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Equation ψec,Na. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Equation ψec,V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Equation ψed,Na. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Equation ψed,V. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Equation ψcp,Na. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Equation ψh,V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Equation Nba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Equation Vb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Variables kcp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Equation Vb = 9λa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Variables тk,uncr . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Equation Vb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Variables тk,c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Variables ca1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Variables da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Variables ca2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Variables hef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Variables ec,V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Variables ca,min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Variables ψc,V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Variables ec1,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Variables ha . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
Variables ec2,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Variables le . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
Variables cac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
Variables λa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Variables λa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Variables da . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
Variables αN,seis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Variables fć . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Variables cNa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Variables ψparallel,V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Calculations ANa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
Calculations AVc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Calculations ANa0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Calculations AVc0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Calculations ψed,Na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Calculations ψec,V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Calculations ψec1,Na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Calculations ψed,V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
Calculations ψec2,Na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Calculations ψhV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Calculations ψcp,Na . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Calculations Vb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Calculations Nba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Results Vcb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Results Vcp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Results Vcbg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
Results Vcpg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Results ϕVcb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Results ϕVcp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Results ϕVcbg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Results ϕVcpg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Results Vua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Results Vua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251

2.2b Pryout Failure Mode (Concrete Breakout). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 2.3 Steel Failure Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Equation Vcp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Equation Vsa = Ase,V futa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Equation Vcpg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Equation headed bolt Vsa = 0.6 Ase,V futa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
Equation ϕcp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Equation post-Installed anchor Vsa = 0.6 Ase,V futa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
Equation ϕcpg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Equation HIT-HY 200 adhesive Vsa = (0.6 Ase,V futa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
Equation ANc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 Equation HIT-Z/R threaded rods Vsa = αV,seis (0.6 Ase,V futa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Equation ANc0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Equation ϕVsteel ≥ Vua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Equation ψec,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Variables futa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Equation ψed,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Variables αV,seis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
Equation ψcp,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Variables (0.6 Ase,V futa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Equation Nb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Calculations headed stud Vsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Equation Nb = 16λa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 Calculations headed bolt Vsa = 0.6 Ase,V futa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Variables kcp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Calculations post-Installed anchor Vsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Variables hef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Results headed stud Vsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Variables ec1,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Results headed bolt Vsa = 0.6 Ase,V futa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Variables ec2,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Results post-Installed anchor Vsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Variables ca,min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 Results ϕsteel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Variables ψc,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270 Results ϕeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Variables cac . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 Results ϕnonductile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Variables kc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Results ϕVsa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314
Variables λa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Results ϕVsa,eq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Variables fć . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Results Vua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316
Calculations ANc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Calculations ANc0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Calculations ψec1,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
Calculations ψec2,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
Calculations ψed,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Calculations ψcp,N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Calculations Nb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Results Vcp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Results Vcpg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Results ϕVcp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Results ϕVcpg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Results Vua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294

2.4 Stand-off Failure Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 3.0 INTERACTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Equations VsM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
3.1 Parabolic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Equations Ms = M0s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Equations βNV = βℰN + βℰV ≤ 1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
Equations M0s = (1.2) (S) (fu,min) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Variables βN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
Nua
Equations 1‒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Variables βV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
ϕNsa
Variables ℰ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
π (d)3 Calculations Utilization βN,V [%] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
Equations S= . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
32
Results Utilization Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Equations Lb = z + (n)(d0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 3.2 Tri-Linear 358

Equations ϕVsM ≥ Vua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Equations Utilization βNV = (βN + βV )/1.2 ≤ 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Variables αM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Variables Utilization βN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 360
Variables fu,min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Variables Utilization βV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
Variables Nua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Variables Utilization ℰ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
Variables ϕNua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331 Calculations Utilization βN,V [%] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Variables z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Results Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366
Variables n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Variables d0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 4.0 DESIGN GUIDE REPORT ACI 318-14
Calculations M0s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 ADHESIVE ANCHOR GROUP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Nua
Calculations 1‒ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
ϕNsa
Calculations Ms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Calculations Lb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Results VSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
Results ϕsteel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Results ϕVsM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Results Vua. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

PROFIS
ENGINEERING
REPORT
TENSION LOAD
1.0 TENSION 8
1.1 Bond Failure Mode 9
1.2 Concrete Breakout Failure Mode 48
1.3 Pullout Failure Mode 79
1.4 Side-Face Blowout Failure 103
1.5 Steel Failure 130
1.6 Sustained Tension Load — Bond Strength 146

PROFIS ENGINEERING REPORT TENSION LOAD Bond Failure Mode
Equations Na
Equations ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 Provision Comments for PROFIS Engineering
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension, N a of a single adhesive anchor …….. shall not ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for the nominal bond strength
A Na
Na = ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba exceed: of a single anchor (N a) require calculation of various modification factors
A Na0 (a) For a single adhesive anchor corresponding to area of influence (A Na /A Na0), edge distance (ψed,Na), and splitting
(ψcp,Na); and then multiplying these factors by what is termed the “basic bond
A Na strength in tension” (N ba) to obtain a “nominal bond strength in tension” (N a).
Na = ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba (17.4.5.1a)
A Na0
Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
information on the following parameters:
A Na: Area of influence for anchors in tension
A Na0: Area of influence for single anchor in tension
ψed,Na: Tension modification factor for edge distance
ψcp,Na: Modification factor for splitting
N ba: Basic bond strength in tension
Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
information on N a .
Equations ϕNa
ϕNa ≥ Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension check a calculated design
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to strength (ϕN N) against a factored tension load (Nua). The parameter ϕNa
sustained tensile loading. corresponds to the design bond strength for a single anchor in tension. The
parameter Nua corresponds to the factored tension load acting on the anchor. If
Table 17.3.1.1 ϕN a > N ua for the application being modeled, the provisions of Section 17.3.1.1 are
Failure Mode Single Anchor satisfied for bond failure.
Bond Strength of Adhesive Anchor in Tension ϕN a ≥ N ua
N a: Nominal bond strength in tension
ϕ bond: Strength reduction factor for bond failure
ϕseismic: Strength reduction factor for seismic tension
ϕN a: Design bond strength in tension
N ua: Factored load acting on anchors in tension
A summary of calculated tension design strength versus the factored tension load
for each tension failure mode relevant to the application is given in Part 3 Tension
Load of the PROFIS Engineering report.

Equations Nag
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension, …….. N ag of a group of adhesive anchors, shall not ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for the nominal bond strength of a
A Na
Nag = ψec,Na ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba exceed: group of adhesive anchors (N ag) require calculation of various modification factors
A Na0 (b) For a group of adhesive anchors corresponding to area of influence (A Na /A Na0), eccentricity (ψec,Na), edge distance
(ψed,Na), and splitting (ψcp,Na); and then multiplying these factors by what is termed
A Na the “basic bond strength in tension” (N ba) to obtain a “nominal bond strength in
Nag = ψec,Na ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba (17.4.5.1b)
A Na0 tension” (N ag).
ψec,Na: Tension modification factor for eccentricity
information on N ag.
Equations ϕNag
ϕNag ≥ Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension check a calculated design
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to strength (ϕN N) against a factored tension load (N ua). The parameter ϕN ag
sustained tensile loading. corresponds to the design bond strength for a group of anchors in tension. The
parameter N ua corresponds to the factored tension load acting on the anchor
Table 17.3.1.1 group.
Failure Mode Single Anchor
Bond Strength in Tension ϕNag ≥ Nua If ϕ N ag > N ua for the application being modeled, the provisions of Section 17.3.1.1
are satisfied for bond failure.
N ag: Nominal bond strength in tension
ϕ seismic: Strength reduction factor for seismic tension
ϕN ag: Design bond strength in tension

Equations ANa
A Na 17.4.5.1 …….. A Na is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor or group of adhesive A Na is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence assumed to
anchors that shall be approximated as a rectilinear area that projects outward a distance c Na from develop in concrete, with respect to bond failure, when a tension load is applied
the centerline of the adhesive anchor, or in the case of a group of adhesive anchors, from a line to a single adhesive anchor or a group of adhesive anchors. A Na is calculated with
through a row of adjacent adhesive anchors…….. the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have been input into the PROFIS
Engineering model. The geometry for A Na is defined by projected distances from
the anchors that are in tension. The maximum projected distance from an anchor
that is considered when calculating A Na is limited to c Na , where c Na is defined by
Equation (17.4.5.1d) in Section 17.4.5.1. Therefore, the maximum edge distance
parameter used to calculate A Na equals c Na and the maximum spacing parameter
used to calculate A Na equals 2.0c Na .
The figure below illustrates how A Na is calculated for a group of four anchors in
tension with fixed edge distances equal to c a1 and c a2 , and spacing parameters
equal to s1 and s 2 . Note that the maximum edge distance parameter used to
calculate A Na equals c Na . Anchors spaced greater than 2.0c Na from one another
would not be considered to act as a group with respect to that spacing.
A Na = (c a1 + s1 + c Na) (c a2 + s 2 + c Na)
where: c a1 and c a2 are < c Na
s1 and s 2 are < 2.0c Na
Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering

report for more information on c Na .
information on A Na .

Equations ANa0
A Na0 = (2cNa) 2
17.4.5.1 …….. A Na0 is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor with an edge A Na0 is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence assumed to
distance equal to or greater than c Na . develop in concrete, with respect to bond failure, when a tension load is applied
to a single anchor without the influence of any fixed edges. A Na0 is calculated with
the parameter “c Na”, which is defined in ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 as the “projected
A Na0 = (2cNa)2 (17.4.5.1c) distance from the center of an anchor shaft on one side of the anchor required
to develop the full bond strength of a single adhesive anchor.” c Na is a calculated
value, and is calculated per ACI 318-14 Equation (17.4.5.1d). The geometry for
A Na0 is defined by a projected distance of cNa from the anchor in the x and y
directions.
The figure below illustrates how A Na0 is calculated.
A Na0 = (c Na + c Na) (c Na + c Na)

= (2.0c Na)2

information on A Na0 .

Equations cNa
тuncr 17.4.5.1 ………A Na is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor or group of adhesive ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 bond strength calculations are predicated on the parameter
cNa = 10da
1100 anchors that shall be approximated as a rectilinear area that projects outward a distance c Na from “c Na”, which is defined in Chapter 2 as the “projected distance from the center
the centerline of the adhesive anchor, or in the case of a group of adhesive anchors, from a line of an anchor shaft on one side of the anchor required to develop the full bond
through a row of adjacent adhesive anchors……..…….A Na0 is the projected influence area of a strength of a single adhesive anchor.” c Na is calculated per Equation (17.4.5.1d).
single adhesive anchor with an edge distance equal to or greater than c Na . The parameter “d a” corresponds to the diameter of the anchor element selected
for the PROFIS Engineering application being modeled. The parameter “тuncr”
A Na0 = (2cNa)2 (17.4.5.1c) corresponds to the characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete of the
adhesive product selected for the PROFIS Engineering application being modeled.
where The modification factor A Na accounts for the area of influence assumed to develop
with respect to bond failure, for the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have
тuncr been input into the PROFIS Engineering model. Per the provisions for A Na given in
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d
1100 Section 17.4.5.1, PROFIS Engineering limits the geometry used to define A Na to a
maximum projected distance from an anchor of c Na .
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2.
A Na0 is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence assumed to
develop in concrete, with respect to bond failure, when a tension load is applied
to a single anchor without the influence of any fixed edges. Per the provisions for
A Na0 given in Section 17.4.5.1, PROFIS Engineering defines the geometry for A Na0
as a projected distance of “c Na“ from the anchor in the +x, -x, +y and -y directions.
Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
d a: Diameter of anchor element
тuncr: Characteristic bond stress of an adhesive anchor
in uncracked concrete
A Na: Area of influence modification factor
A Na0: Idealized area of influence modification factor for a single anchor
c Na: Projected distance from the center of an adhesive anchor

Equations ψec,Na
1 17.4.5.3 The modification factor for adhesive anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,Na ψec,Na is a modification factor that is used to account for a resultant tension load
ψec,Na = ≤ 1.0 shall be calculated as: that is eccentric with respect to the centroid of anchors that are loaded in tension.
e´N ψec,Na is only considered when calculating the nominal bond strength in tension for
1+ 1
cNa ψec,Na = (17.4.5.3) an anchor group (N ag).
e´N
1+
cNa Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
e c1,N: Parameter for tension eccentricity with respect to the x direction
but ψec,Na shall not be taken greater than 1.0. e c2,N: Parameter for tension eccentricity with respect to the y direction
If the loading on an adhesive anchor group is such that only some adhesive anchors are in Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
tension, only those adhesive anchors that are in tension shall be considered when determining the information on the following parameters:
eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.5.3) and for the calculation of N ag according to Eq. (17.4.5.1b). c Na: Projected distance from an adhesive anchor
ψec1,N: Modification factor for tension eccentricity with respect to the x direction
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two orthogonal axes, the modification factor, ψec2,N: Modification factor for tension eccentricity with respect to the y direction
ψec,Na , shall be calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,Na
in Eq. (17.4.5.1b).
Equations ψed,Na
17.4.5.4 The modification factor for edge effects for single adhesive anchors or adhesive anchor ψed,Na is a modification factor that is used to account for fixed edge distances less
ca,min
ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 ≤1.0 groups loaded in tension, ψed,Na , shall be calculated as than c Na , where c Na corresponds to a projected distance from the center of the
cNa adhesive anchor element being modeled in PROFIS Engineering. The illustration
If ca,min ≥ cNa, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.4a) below shows how the assumed area of influence (A Na) would be defined for an
adhesive anchoring application being modeled with two fixed edges (c a1 and c a2)
that are both less than c Na , and with c a1 being less than c a2 . The smallest edge
ca,min distance (c a1) corresponds to the parameter c a,min , and would be used to calculate
If ca,min < cNa, then ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 (17.4.5.4b)
cNa the modification factor ψed,Na .
ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a1 / c Na)
information on the following parameter:
c a,min: Parameter for the smallest fixed edge being modeled
c Na: Projected distance from an adhesive anchor

Equations ψcp,Na
17.4.5.5 The modification factor for adhesive anchors designed for uncracked concrete in ψcp,Na is a modification factor that considers splitting failure when calculating the
ca,min cNa
ψcp,Na = MAX , ≤1.0 accordance with 17.4.5.2 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,Na , shall be nominal bond strength in tension (N a or N ag) for an adhesive anchor system. Since
cac cac calculated as: ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions do not specifically consider concrete
splitting as a failure mode, splitting is addressed through the ψcp,Na modification
If ca,min ≥ cac, then ψcp,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.5a) factor. The parameter ψcp,Na is only considered when designing adhesive anchors
installed in uncracked concrete. Splitting failure will typically not occur for cast-
in-place anchors; therefore, a splitting modification factor is not calculated in
ca,min PROFIS Engineering when modeling cast-in-place anchors.
If ca,min < cac, then ψcp,Na = (17.4.5.5b)
cac
Splitting failure is influenced by the distance of an anchor from a fixed edge “in a
region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no cracking at service load
but ψcp,Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.5b) shall not be taken less than c Na /c ac, where the critical levels.” The parameter c ac that is used to calculate ψcp,Na is defined in ACI 318 as
distance c ac is defined in 17.7.6. For all other cases, ψcp,Na shall be taken as 1.0. the “critical edge distance required to develop the basic strength as controlled
by concrete breakout or bond of a post-installed anchor in tension in uncracked
17.4.5.2 ……… For adhesive anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis concrete without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting.” ψcp,Na does
indicates no cracking at service load levels…………….. not need to be calculated if the smallest fixed edge distance (c a,min) is greater than
or equal to c ac, or if cracked concrete conditions are assumed. Testing per the
17.7.6 Unless determined from tension tests in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4, the critical ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard ACI 355.4 is used to
edge distance cac shall not be taken less than: derive c ac values for adhesive anchor systems. c ac values derived from this testing
Adhesive anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2h ef are provided in an ICC-ESR ACI 318-14 Section 17.7.6 provides cac values for post-
Undercut anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5h ef installed anchors; however, these values are only intended to be used as “guide
Torque-controlled expansion anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4h ef values” in the absence of c ac values derived from product-specific testing. PROFIS
Displacement-controlled expansion anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4h ef Engineering uses the c ac -value that is given in the ICC-ES evaluation report for an
adhesive anchor system to calculate ψcp,Na .
The value for ψcp,Na that PROFIS Engineering calculates will be limited to:
MAXIMUM { c a,min /c ac : c Na /c ac}
where c a,min is the smallest fixed edge distance being modeled in the application
and c Na corresponds to an assumed projected distance from the center of the
adhesive anchor element calculated per Equation (17.4.5.1d).
c a,min: The smallest fixed edge distance being modeled
cac: Value derived from testing per AC308/ACI 355.4 for the adhesive anchor
system being modeled
information on the parameter c Na .

Equations Nba
Nba = λ a тcr πda h ef 17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for bond strength in tension require
shall not exceed calculation of various modification factors corresponding to area of influence (A Na /
A Na0), eccentricity (ψec,Na), edge distance (ψed,Na), and splitting (ψcp,Na); and then
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) multiplying these factors by what is termed the “basic bond strength in tension”
(N ba) to obtain a “nominal bond strength in tension” (Na or Nag).
The characteristic bond stress тcr shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests
performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.4. The parameter N ba corresponds to a calculated bond strength for a single
adhesive anchor element without any fixed edge or spacing influences.
Where analysis indicates cracking at service load levels, adhesive anchors shall be shown Calculation of N ba is predicated on the characteristic bond stress of the adhesive
compliance for use in cracked concrete in accordance with ACI 355.4. product (тcr or т uncr), and the anchor element geometry (πda and h ef), where d a
corresponds to the nominal diameter of the anchor element and hef corresponds
For adhesive anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no to the effective embedment depth that has been input into PROFIS Engineering
cracking at service load levels,т uncr shall be permitted to be used in place of тcr in Eq. (17.4.5.2) and for the selected anchor element. Equation (17.4.5.2) also includes a modification
shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to factor for lightweight concrete (λa).
ACI 355.4.
ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions default to a design assumption that
It shall be permitted to use the minimum characteristic bond stress values in Table 17.4.5.2 cracked concrete conditions exist. Concrete is typically assumed to crack under
provided (a) through (e) are satisfied: normal service load conditions. If cracked concrete conditions are assumed, the
characteristic bond stress for cracked concrete (тcr) is used to calculate N ba . If
(a) Anchors shall meet the requirements of ACI 355.4 uncracked concrete conditions are assumed, the characteristic bond stress for
(b) Anchors shall be installed in holes drilled with a rotary impact drill or rock drill uncracked concrete (т uncr) is used to calculate N ba .
(c) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum compressive strength of 2500 psi
(d) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum age of 21 days Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard
(e) Concrete temperature at time of installation shall be at least 50°F ACI 355.4 is used to derive characteristic bond stress values for adhesive
anchor systems. Values derived from this testing are provided in an ICC-ESR
Table 17.4.5.2 — Minimum characteristic bond stresses [1] [2] and are designated “тk,cr”, corresponding to the characteristic bond stress in
cracked concrete, and “тk,uncr”, corresponding to the characteristic bond stress
Installation Moisture content of Peak in-service in uncracked concrete. The values given in Table 17.4.5.2 for “тcr” or ”т uncr“ are
тcr тuncr
and service concrete at time of temperature
psi psi
intended to be used as guide values in the absence of product-specific data.
environment anchor installation of concrete °F PROFIS Engineering uses the тk,cr and тk,uncr values given in the ICC-ES evaluation
Outdoor Dry to fully saturated 175 200 650 report for the adhesive anchor that has been selected to calculate N ba . Although
noted in the ICC-ESR as a “strength”, тk,cr and тk,uncr are stress parameters having
Indoor Dry 110 300 1000 units of psi. The parameter “α N,seis” is a seismic reduction factor derived from
testing per AC308/ACI 354, and is also given in the anchor ICC-ESR. The PROFIS
[1] Where anchor design includes sustained tension loading, multiply values of тcr and тuncr by 0.4.
[2] W
here design includes earthquake loads for structures assigned to SDC C, D, E, or F, multiply values of тcr by 0.8 and тuncr by Engineering report includes α N,seis as a parameter used to calculate N ba .
0.4.
λa: Lightweight concrete modification factor
тk,xxxx: Characteristic bond stress for cracked or uncracked concrete.
α N,seis: Seismic modification factor
da: Anchor element diameter
h ef: Effective embedment depth that has been selected for the anchor being
modeled

Equations Nba (continued)

Nba = λ a тcr πda h ef Example: Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (тkcr and тk,uncr) and information on the parameter N ba .
the seismic reduction value α N,seis .
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14
Nominal Rod Diameter (in).
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
Minimum Embedment hef,min
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
Maximum Embedment hef,max
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
in uncracked concrete т k,uncr
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)
Reduction for Seismic Tension α N,seis - 0.88 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.97 1.0
1 Bond strength values correspond to concrete compressive strength f´c = 2500 psi. For concrete compressive strength f´c
between 2500 psi and 800 psi, the tabulated characteristic bond strength may be increased by a factor of (f´c / 2500) 0.1.
2 Temperature Range A: Maximum short term temperature = 130°F, Maximum long term temperature = 110°F.
Temperature Range B: Maximum short term temperature = 176°F, Maximum long term temperature = 110°F.
Temperature Range C: Maximum short term temperature = 248°F, Maximum long term temperature = 162°F.
Short term elevated concrete temperatures are those which occur over brief intervals, e.g. as a result of diurnal cycling. Long
term concrete temperatures are roughly constant over significant periods of time.

Variables тk,c,uncr
Variables ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 Provision Comments for PROFIS Engineering
тk,c,uncr 17.4.5.1 …………………………..where The parameter “т uncr” corresponds to the characteristic bond stress in uncracked
concrete. It is used to calculate the parameter “c Na”, which is defined in ACI 318-
тuncr 14 Equation (17.4.5.1d). If uncracked concrete conditions are assumed, тuncr is also
cNa = 10da (17.4.5.1d)
1100 used to calculate the parameter “N ba”, which is defined in ACI 318-14 Equation
(17.4.5.2).
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , cracked concrete conditions exist; however, c Na is always calculated using тuncr
shall not exceed regardless of whether cracked or uncracked concrete conditions are assumed.
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) N ba can be calculated for either cracked or uncracked concrete conditions.
PROFIS Engineering calculates c Na and N ba using the characteristic bond stress
The characteristic bond stress тcr shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests values given in the ICC-ESR for the adhesive anchor system. The ICC-ESR
performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.4. designates the ACI 318 parameter “т uncr” as “тk,uncr” and the PROFIS Engineering
report designates “т uncr” as “тk,c,uncr”.
For adhesive anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no
cracking at service load levels, тuncr shall be permitted to be used in place of тcr in Eq. (17.4.5.2) Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard ACI
and shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according 355.4 is used to derive characteristic bond stress values for adhesive anchor
to ACI 355.4. systems. Values derived from this testing are provided in an ICC-ESR. Values
designated “тk,uncr” in the ICC-ESR correspond to the characteristic bond stress
It shall be permitted to use the minimum characteristic bond stress values in Table 17.4.5.2 in uncracked concrete. The values designated “тuncr” in ACI 318-14 Table 17.4.5.2
provided (a) through (e) are satisfied: are intended to be used as guide values in the absence of product-specific data.
(a) Anchors shall meet the requirements of ACI 355.4 When uncracked concrete conditions are assumed, PROFIS Engineering uses the
(b) Anchors shall be installed in holes drilled with a rotary impact drill or rock drill тk,uncr values given in the ICC-ESR for adhesive anchor bond strength calculations.
(c) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum compressive strength of 2500 psi Although noted in the ICC-ESR as a “strength”, тk,uncr is stress parameter having
(d) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum age of 21 days units of psi.
(e) Concrete temperature at time of installation shall be at least 50°F
тk,uncr -values in the ICC-ESR are relevant to testing in concrete having a
compressive strength of 2500 psi. These values can be increased for compressive
Table 17.4.5.2 — Minimum characteristic bond stresses [1] [2]
strengths 2500 psi < f´c < 8000 psi using the factor noted in the bond strength
table footnotes. PROFIS Engineering increases the тk,uncr -values by this factor
Installation Moisture content of Peak in-service
тcr тuncr when concrete compressive strengths > 2500 psi are being modeled.
psi psi
environment anchor installation of concrete °F
Outdoor Dry to fully saturated 175 200 650
Indoor Dry 110 300 1000
[2] W
here design includes earthquake loads for structures assigned to SDC C, D, E, or F, multiply values of тcr by 0.8 and тuncr by
0.4.

Variables тk,c,uncr (continued)

тk,c,uncr Example: тk,uncr -values in the ICC-ESR are also dependent on the “temperature range”
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (тk,cr corresponding to “long term” and “short term” concrete temperatures. The
and тk,uncr). ICC-ESR defines “long term” concrete temperatures as being “roughly constant”
over time. “Short term” concrete temperatures are elevated temperatures “that
occur over brief intervals.” Both types of temperature are relevant to the concrete
temperature during the service life of the anchor, not the concrete temperature at
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). the time anchors are installed. Long term and short term temperature ranges are
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 defined in footnotes for the bond strength tables of an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR.
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5 тk,uncr -values corresponding to a particular temperature range are given in the
Minimum Embedment hef,min bond strength table.
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25 Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635) information on:
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 тk,c: Characteristic bond stress in cracked concrete
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
Characteristic bond strength psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 information on:
.
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) c Na: Projected distance from an adhesive anchor
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 N ba: Basic bond strength for a single adhesive anchor
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)
1 Bond strength values correspond to concrete compressive strength f´c = 2500 psi. For concrete compressive strength f´c between
2500 psi and 800 psi, the tabulated characteristic bond strength may be increased by a factor of (f´c / 2500) 0.1.
2T emperature Range A: Maximum short term temperature = 130°F, Maximum long term temperature = 110°F.

Variables тk,c
тk,c 17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked The parameter “тcr” corresponds to the characteristic bond stress in cracked
concrete, N ba , shall not exceed concrete. If cracked concrete conditions are assumed, тcr is used to calculate the
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) parameter “N ba”, which is defined in ACI 318-14 Equation (17.4.5.2).
The characteristic bond stress тcr shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions default to a design assumption that
performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.4. cracked concrete conditions exist. N ba can be calculated for either cracked or
uncracked concrete conditions. PROFIS Engineering calculates N ba using the
For adhesive anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no characteristic bond stress values given in the ICC-ESR for the adhesive anchor
cracking at service load levels, тuncr shall be permitted to be used in place of тcr in Eq. (17.4.5.2) system. The ICC-ESR designates the ACI 318 parameter “тcr” as “тk,cr” and the
and shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according PROFIS Engineering report designates “тcr” as “тk,c”.
to ACI 355.4.
Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard ACI
It shall be permitted to use the minimum characteristic bond stress values in Table 17.4.5.2 355.4 is used to derive characteristic bond stress values for adhesive anchor
provided (a) through (e) are satisfied: systems. Values derived from this testing are provided in an ICC-ESR. Values
(a) Anchors shall meet the requirements of ACI 355.4 designated “тk,cr” in the ICC-ESR correspond to the characteristic bond stress
(b) Anchors shall be installed in holes drilled with a rotary impact drill or rock drill in cracked concrete. The values designated “тcr” in ACI 318-14 Table 17.4.5.2 are
(c) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum compressive strength of 2500 psi intended to be used as guide values in the absence of product-specific data.
(d) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum age When cracked concrete conditions are assumed, PROFIS Engineering uses the
тk,cr values given in the ICC-ESR for adhesive anchor bond strength calculations.
Table 17.4.5.2 — Minimum characteristic bond stresses [1] [2] Although noted in the ICC-ESR as a “strength”, тk,cr is stress parameter having
units of psi.
тcr тuncr
psi psi тk,cr -values in the ICC-ESR are relevant to testing in concrete having a
Outdoor Dry to fully saturated 175 200 650 strengths 2500 psi < f´c < 8000 psi using the factor noted in the bond strength
table footnotes. PROFIS Engineering increases the тk,cr -values by this factor when
Indoor Dry 110 300 1000
concrete compressive strengths > 2500 psi are being modeled.
[2] W
here design includes earthquake loads for structures assigned to SDC C, D, E, or F, multiply values of тcr by 0.8 and тuncr by 0.4.

Variables тk,c (continued)

тk,c Example: тk,cr -values in the ICC-ESR are also dependent on the “temperature range”
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (тk,cr corresponding to “long term” and “short term” concrete temperatures. The
and тk,uncr). ICC-ESR defines “long term” concrete temperatures as being “roughly constant”
occur over brief intervals.” Both types of temperature are relevant to the concrete
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). the time anchors are installed. Long term and short term temperature ranges are
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 defined in footnotes for the bond strength tables of an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR.
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5 тk,cr -values corresponding to a particular temperature range are given in the bond
Minimum Embedment hef,min strength table.
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25 Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635) information on:
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 тk,c,uncr: Characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
Characteristic bond strength psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 information on:
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) N ba: Basic bond strength for a single adhesive anchor
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)

Variables da
da 17.4.5.1 ………………………….. where The parameter da is defined in ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 as the “outside diameter” of
an anchor or the “shaft diameter” of a headed stud, headed bolt or hooked bolt.
тuncr Therefore, da corresponds to the external diameter of an anchor element.
cNa = 10da (17.4.5.1d)
1100
da is used to calculate the parameter “cNa”, which is defined in ACI 318-14 Equation
(17.4.5.1d); and the parameter “Nba”, which is defined in
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. ACI 318-14 Equation (17.4.5.2). Other parameters such as effective embedment
depth (hef), characteristic bond stress (тk) and α N,seis, which are used in bond
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, Nba, strength calculations, are also dependent on the diameter of the anchor element
shall not exceed being used.
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) The PROFIS Engineering adhesive anchor portfolio permits bond strength
calculations with the following anchor elements:
• Threaded rods
• Reinforcing bars
Example: • Internally threaded inserts
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing parameters that are dependent on the • Specialty anchor elements
anchor element diameter. Information about these anchor element types is given in the ICC-ESR for an
adhesive anchor system. PROFIS Engineering uses the anchor diameter parameter
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 referenced in the ICC-ESR bond strength tables for an adhesive anchor system
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). to calculate cNa and Nba for a specific anchor element. When design with a
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units threaded rod or reinforcing bar is selected, PROFIS Engineering uses the nominal
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
diameter of the anchor element to calculate cNa and Nba . When design with Hilti
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5 HIS-N and HIS-RN internally threaded inserts is selected, PROFIS Engineering
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127 uses the outside diameter of the insert to calculate cNa and Nba . Below are
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25 illustrations showing how the parameter d a for calculating cNa and Nba can be
Maximum Embedment hef,max defined for various anchor elements. The parameter “dhole” noted in the illustrations
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
corresponds to the diameter of the drilled hole into which the adhesive product and
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 anchor element are inserted.
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)
information on:
1 Bond strength values correspond to concrete compressive strength f´c = 2500 psi. For concrete compressive strength f´c between hef: Effective embedment depth
2500 psi and 800 psi, the tabulated characteristic bond strength may be increased by a factor of (f´c / 2500) 0.1. тk,c,uncr: Characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete
Temperature Range B: Maximum short term temperature = 176°F, Maximum long term temperature = 110°F. тk,c: Characteristic bond stress in cracked concrete
Temperature Range C: Maximum short term temperature = 248°F, Maximum long term temperature = 162°F. α N,seis: Seismic reduction factor
information on:
cNa: Projected distance from an adhesive anchor
Nba: Basic bond strength for a single adhesive anchor

Variables hef
hef 17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , The parameter N ba corresponds to a calculated bond strength for a single
shall not exceed adhesive anchor element without any fixed edge or spacing influences.
Calculation of N ba is predicated on the characteristic bond stress of the adhesive
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) product (тcr or т uncr), the anchor element geometry (πda and h ef), and a modification
factor for lightweight concrete (λ a). Adhesive anchor systems tested per the
ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 can also include an additional seismic
Example: modification factor (α N,seis) when calculating N ba .
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing effective embedment depth values (h ef,min and h ef,max) for
threaded rod elements used with an adhesive anchor system. h ef is defined as the “effective embedment depth of an anchor.” This parameter
corresponds to the embedded portion of the anchor that is “effective” in
transferring tension load from the anchor into the concrete. ACI 318-14 Equation
(17.4.5.2) includes h ef for calculating N ba .
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard ACI
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5 355.4 is used to derive product-specific data that is used in ACI 318-14 bond
Minimum Embedment hef,min strength calculations for an adhesive anchor system. Data derived from this
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
testing, as well as some of the parameters used to develop this data, are provided
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25 in an ICC-ESR. The minimum effective embedment depth (h ef,min) derived from
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635) this testing is specific to the anchor element (e.g. threaded rod, rebar, internally
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 threaded insert), and to the adhesive product. AC308 limits the maximum effective
Temperature
т k,cr embedment depth (h ef,max) for adhesive anchor systems to a value of 20 times the
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
anchor diameter (20d a). For post-installed adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering
Characteristic bond strength psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 permits users to input h ef values that are within the embedment depth range given
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) in the ICC-ESR for a specific anchor element, diameter, and adhesive product.
Temperature
т k,cr post-installed adhesive anchor

Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
h ef,min< h ef < h ef,max
Characteristic bond strength psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 where h ef,min and h ef,max (=20d a) are given in the anchor ICC-ESR
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)

Variables ca,min
ca,min 17.4.5.1 …….. A Na is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor or group of adhesive c a,min is defined as the “minimum distance from the center of an anchor shaft to
anchors that shall be approximated as a rectilinear area that projects outward a distance c Na from the edge of concrete.” When one or more fixed edges are modeled in PROFIS
the centerline of the adhesive anchor, or in the case of a group of adhesive anchors, from a line Engineering, the report will show the smallest fixed edge as “c a,min” in the
through a row of adjacent adhesive anchors…….. Variables section.
Excerpted ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions and equations that

17.4.5.1 …….. A Na0 is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor with an edge include c a,min for calculating bond strength in tension are shown to the left.
distance equal to or greater than c Na . Reference the parameters A Na and A Na0 in the Equations section of the PROFIS
Engineering report for more information on the following parameters:
A Na0 = (2cNa)2 (17.4.5.1c) c a1:
Distance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in
one direction (e.g. the x+ direction). For tension calculations, ca1 is the
17.4.5.4 The modification factor for edge effects for single adhesive anchors or adhesive anchor smallest fixed edge distance
groups loaded in tension, ψed,Na , shall be calculated as c a2:
Distance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in a
direction perpendicular to c a1 (e.g. the y+ direction)
If ca,min ≥ cNa, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.4a)
Reference the parameters ψed,Na and ψcp,Na in the Equations and Calculations
sections of the PROFIS Engineering report for more information on how ca,min is
ca,min used to calculate these parameters.
cNa
17.4.5.5 The modification factor for adhesive anchors designed for uncracked concrete in
accordance with 17.4.5.2 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,Na , shall be
calculated as:
If ca,min ≥ cac, then ψcp,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.5a)
ca,min
cac
but ψcp,Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.5b) shall not be taken less than cNa /c ac, where the critical
distance cac is defined in 17.7.6. For all other cases, ψcp,Na shall be taken as 1.0.

Variables ec1,N
e c1,N 17.4.5.3 The modification factor for adhesive anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,Na ec1,N is a PROFIS Engineering parameter to define tension eccentricity with respect
shall be calculated as: to the x direction. The value for ec1,N corresponds to the distance in the x direction
of a resultant tension load from the centroid of anchors that are loaded in tension.
PROFIS Engineering uses ec1,N to calculate the ACI 318 modification factor for
1 tension eccentricity (ψec,Na), and designates this modification factor ψec1,Na to
ψec,Na = (17.4.5.3)
e´N indicate eccentricity is being considered in the x direction. PROFIS Engineering
1+ calculations for tension eccentricity with respect to the x direction are as follows:
cNa • Calculate a resultant tension load acting on the anchors
•C alculate the distance in the x direction (ec1,N) between this load and the
centroid of the anchors loaded in tension
but ψec,Na shall not be taken greater than 1.0. • Calculate a modification factor for tension eccentricity (ψec1,Na) with respect to
the x direction
If the loading on an adhesive anchor group is such that only some adhesive anchors are in
tension, only those adhesive anchors that are in tension shall be considered when determining the If the resultant tension load acting on the anchorage is eccentric with respect
eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.5.3) and for the calculation of Nag according to Eq. (17.4.5.1b). to both the x and y directions, PROFIS Engineering calculates the eccentricity
for each direction (ec1,N with respect to the x direction and ec2,N with respect
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two orthogonal axes, the modification factor, to the y direction), and the ψec,N modification factor for each direction (ψec1,Na
ψec,Na, shall be calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,Na for eccentricity with respect to the x direction and ψec2,Na for eccentricity with
in Eq. (17.4.5.1b). respect to the y direction). ψec1,Na and ψec2,Na are multiplied together to give a total
modification factor for eccentricity per ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.5.3
information on:
ec2,N: Parameter for tension eccentricity with respect to the y direction
Below is an illustration showing how PROFIS Engineering accounts for eccentricity

with respect to the x direction when calculating bond strength in tension.
1
ψec1,Na = = 0.795
2.75”
1+
10.65”

Variables ec2,N
e c2,N 17.4.5.3 The modification factor for adhesive anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,Na ec2,N is a PROFIS Engineering parameter to define tension eccentricity with respect
shall be calculated as: to the y direction. The value for ec2,N corresponds to the distance in the y direction
PROFIS Engineering uses e c2,N to calculate the ACI 318 modification factor for
1 tension eccentricity (ψec,Na), and designates this modification factor ψec2,Na to
ψec,Na = (17.4.5.3)
e´N indicate eccentricity is being considered in the y direction. PROFIS Engineering
1+ calculations for tension eccentricity with respect to the y direction are as follows:
cNa • Calculate a resultant tension load acting on the anchors
• Calculate the distance in the y direction (ec2,N) between this load and the
but ψec,Na shall not be taken greater than 1.0. •C alculate a modification factor for tension eccentricity (ψec2,Na) with respect to
the y direction
tension, only those adhesive anchors that are in tension shall be considered when determining the If the resultant tension load acting on the anchorage is eccentric with respect
eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.5.3) and for the calculation of Nag according to Eq. (17.4.5.1b). to both the x and y directions, PROFIS Engineering calculates the eccentricity
for each direction (ec1,N with respect to the x direction and ec2,N with respect
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two orthogonal axes, the modification factor, to the y direction), and the ψec,N modification factor for each direction (ψec1,Na
ψec,Na, shall be calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,Na for eccentricity with respect to the x direction and ψec2,Na for eccentricity with
in Eq. (17.4.5.1b). respect to the y direction). ψec1,Na and ψec2,Na are multiplied together to give a total
modification factor for eccentricity per ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.5.3
information on:
ec1,N: Parameter for tension eccentricity with respect to the x direction

with respect to the y direction when calculating bond strength in tension.
1
ψec2,Na = = 0.864
1.65”
1+
10.65”

Variables cac
cac 17.4.5.5 The modification factor for adhesive anchors designed for uncracked concrete in ψcp,Na is a modification factor that considers splitting failure when calculating
accordance with 17.4.5.2 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,Na, shall be the nominal bond strength in tension (Na or Nag) for an adhesive anchor system.
calculated as: ψcp,Na is only considered when designing adhesive anchors installed in uncracked
concrete. Concrete cracks when tensile stresses in the concrete imposed by loads
If ca,min ≥ cac, then ψcp,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.5a) or restraint conditions exceed its tensile strength. ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete
provisions assume cracked concrete as the baseline condition for designing
anchors. Uncracked concrete conditions can be assumed if it can be shown
ca,min that cracking of the concrete at service load levels will not occur over the anchor
If ca,min < cac, then ψcp,Na (17.4.5.5b)
cNa service life. PROFIS Engineering defaults to cracked concrete conditions.
but ψcp,Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.5b) shall not be taken less than cNa /cac, where the critical Splitting failure is influenced by the distance of an anchor from a fixed edge “in a
distance cac is defined in 17.7.6. For all other cases, ψcp,Na shall be taken as 1.0. region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no cracking at service load
levels.” The parameter cac that is used to calculate ψcp,Na is defined in ACI 318 as
the “critical edge distance required to develop the basic strength as controlled
17.7.6 Unless determined from tension tests in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4, the critical by concrete breakout or bond of a post-installed anchor in tension in uncracked
edge distance cac shall not be taken less than: concrete without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting.”
Adhesive anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2hef
Undercut anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5hef The cac-values for post-installed anchors noted in ACI 318-14 Section 17.7.6
Torque-controlled expansion anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4hef are only intended to be used as “guide values” in the absence of cac values
Displacement-controlled expansion anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4hef derived from product-specific testing. Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
AC308 and the ACI test standard ACI 355.4 includes provisions for deriving the
Example of critical edge distance requirements given in an adhesive anchor approval. Reference characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete (тk,uncr), which can be used in an
ICC-ESR-3187 Section 4.1.10.2. equation to calculate cac. This equation is typically given in the adhesive anchor
ICC-ESR.
4.1.10.2 Threaded Rod, Steel Reinforcing Bars, and Hilti HIS-N and HIS-RN Inserts:
The modification factor ψcp,Na must be determined in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.5.5 or ACI The equation shown to the left is given in ICC-ESR-3187 and is used to calculate
318-11 D.5.5 as applicable, except as noted below. cac. Key parameters included in the equation are:
• Anchor effective embedment depth (hef) for the application
For all cases where cNa /cac < 1.0, ψcp,Na determined from ACI 318-14 Eq. 17.4.5.5b or ACI 318-11 Eq. •C haracteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete (тk,uncr) derived from the
D-27, as applicable, need not be taken less than cNa /cac. For all other cases ψcp,Na shall be taken as AC308/ACI 355.4 testing. тk,uncr is specific to the anchor element and concrete
1.0. conditions being modeled. тk,uncr -values are given in the ICC-ESR bond
strength tables
The critical edge distance cac must be calculated according to Eq. 17.4.5.5c for ACI 318-14 or Eq. • Concrete thickness (h) being modeled for the application
D-27a for ACI 318-11, in lieu of ACI 318-14 17.7.6 or ACI 318-11 D.8.6 as applicable.
The cac provisions in an ICC-ESR can also include a limiting value for тk,uncr.
0.4 PROFIS Engineering calculates this limiting value and checks it against the relevant
тk,uncr h тk,uncr -value from the ICC-ESR bond strength table. PROFIS Engineering uses the
cac = hef ⁎ 3.1–0.7
1160 hef smaller of (a) the limiting тk,uncr -value or (b) the тk,uncr -value from the bond strength
table to calculate cac. PROFIS Engineering always uses the provisions given in the
adhesive anchor ICC-ESR to determine the cac-value that will be used to calculate
(Eq. 17.4.5.5c for ACI 318-14 or Eq. D-27a for ACI 318-11)
ψcp,Na .
where
Reference the Equations and Calculations sections of the PROFIS Engineering
h report for more information on the parameter ψcp,Na .
hef
need not be taken as larger than 2.4; and тk,uncr is the characteristic bond strength in uncracked information on the parameter hef.
concrete, h is the member thickness, and hef is the embedment depth.
Reference the Variables section for bond strength in the PROFIS Engineering
тk,uncr need not be taken greater than: report for more information on the parameter тk,uncr.
k uncr hef f´c
тk,uncr = Eq. (4-1)
πd

Variables λa
λa 17.2.6 Modification factor λa for lightweight concrete shall be taken as: ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions consider the following tension failure
modes with respect to adhesive anchor systems:
Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 λ • Steel failure in tension
Expansion and adhesive anchor concrete failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 λ • Concrete breakout failure in tension
Adhesive anchor bond failure per Eq. (17.4.5.2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.6 λ • Bond failure in tension
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4. It shall be permitted to use an alternative value of λa is a modification factor for lightweight concrete that is used to calculate various
λa where tests have been performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4. parameters for design with ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions. ACI 318-14
Section 17.2.6 references how λa is calculated for various anchoring-to-concrete
19.2.4 Lightweight concrete failure modes. When considering concrete breakout failure in tension for an
19.2.4.1 To account for the properties of lightweight concrete, a modification factor λ is used as a adhesive anchor application, the λa-value that is calculated equals 0.8λ. This
multiplier of √f´c in all applicable provisions of this Code. λa-value would be used to calculate the basic concrete breakout in tension (Nb) for
19.2.4.2 The value of λ shall be based on the composition of the aggregate in the concrete mixture the adhesive anchor being designed. Per Section 17.2.6, λa is also used to calculate
in accordance with Table 19.2.4.2 or as permitted in 19.2.4.3. the “basic bond strength in tension” (Nba) per Eq. (17.4.5.2), and the λa-value
calculated for bond failure equals 0.6λ.
Table 19.2.4.2 — Modification factor λ [1] [2] Generally speaking, with respect to concrete failure modes, ACI 318 applies a
Concrete Composition of Aggregates λ
multiplier designated “λ” to the parameter √f´c to “account for the properties of
lightweight concrete.” The parameter “λa“ is a modification of “λ” that specifically
Fine: ASTM C330 “accounts for the properties of lightweight concrete” with respect to “anchoring-
All-lightweight 0.75
Coarse: ASTM C330 to-concrete” calculations, hence the subscript “a” in “λa”. Per Section 17.2.6, the
Fine: Combination of ASTM C330 and 33 modification factor λ, determined per the provisions of Section 19.2.4, is multiplied
Lightweight, fine blend 0.75 to 0.85 {1] by an additional factor that is specific to the anchor failure mode being considered,
Coarse: ASTM C330
to obtain the parameter λa . Therefore, when designing adhesive anchors with
Fine: ASTM C33 ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions, a lightweight concrete multiplier (λa =
Sand-lightweight 0.85
Coarse: ASTM C330 0.8λ) is applied to the parameter √f´c when considering concrete breakout failure,
and a lightweight concrete multiplier (λa = 0.6λ) is applied to the parameter “т”
Sand-lighweight, Fine: ASTM C33
0.85 to 1 [2] corresponding to the characteristic bond stress (тcr for cracked concrete or тuncr for
course blend Coarse: Combination of ASTM C330 and C33 uncracked concrete) when considering bond failure.
Fine: ASTM C33
Normal weight 1 Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance to under the
Coarse: ASTM C33 International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in
1 L inear interopolation of 0.75 to 0.85 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal weight fine friction aggregate as a conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. λa-provisions for a specific adhesive
fraction of the total absolute volume of fine aggregate. anchor system are derived from this testing and will be given in the ICC-ESR for the
2 L inear interopolation of 0.85 to 1 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal weight coarse friction aggregate as a
fraction of the total absolute volume of coarse aggregate. anchor. These ICC-ESR provisions typically correspond to the ACI 318 provisions
for λa . When modeling an adhesive anchor application in PROFIS Engineering, the
19.2.4.3 If the measured average splitting tensile strength of lightweight concrete, fct , is used to λa-value (or provisions) for concrete breakout failure referenced in the adhesive
calculate λ, laboratory tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM C330 to establish the anchor ICC-ESR is used to calculate Nb, and the λa-value (or provisions) for bond
value of fct and the corresponding value of fcm and λ shall be calculated by: failure referenced in the adhesive anchor ICC-ESR is used to calculate Nba .
The concrete mixture tested in order to calculate λ shall be representative of that to be used in the PROFIS Engineering users can input a λ-value based on the properties of the
work. lightweight concrete being used in the application. Any λ-value between 0.75
and 1.0 can be input. Per ACI 318 provisions for determining λa , when designing
fct 1.5 adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering multiplies the λ-value that has been input
λ = ≤ 1.0 (19.2.4.3) by a factor of 0.8 to obtain the λa-value used to calculate Nb. Per ACI 318 provisions
6.7 fcm for determining λa , when designing adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering
multiplies the λ-value that has been input by a factor of 0.6 to obtain the λa-value
17.4.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension in cracked concrete, Nb, used to calculate Nba .
shall not exceed
Nba = kc λa f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a) report for more information on the parameters Nb and Nba .
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, Nba ,
shall not exceed
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2)

Variables αN,seis
αN,seis ACI 318-14 equation for calculating Nba: α N,seis is a seismic modification factor that is used to calculate the basic bond
strength of an adhesive anchor (Nba). Values for α N,seis are derived from testing per
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, Nba , the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308. α N,seis-values are specific to the adhesive
shall not exceed product, the anchor element being used with that product, and the anchor element
diameter. Values for α N,seis are given in the ICC-ESR for an adhesive anchor system.
The parameter Nba corresponds to a calculated bond strength for a single adhesive
PROFIS Engineering equation for calculating Nba: anchor element without any fixed edge or spacing influences. Calculation of Nba
is predicated on the characteristic bond stress of the adhesive product (тcr or
Nba = λa тk,c αN,seis πda hef тuncr), and the anchor element geometry (πda and hef), where da corresponds to
the nominal diameter of the anchor element and hef corresponds to the effective
embedment depth that has been input into PROFIS Engineering for the selected
Example: anchor element. Calculation of Nba also includes a modification factor for
lightweight concrete (λa).
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing the seismic modification factor α N,seis .
Adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance to under the International
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 Building Code (IBC) via testing per AC308. AC308 references the ACI test standard
for qualifying adhesive anchor systems (ACI 355.4), but ACI 355.4 does not include
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units any provisions for determining α N,seis . Since ACI 355.4 does not reference α N,seis,
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions do not reference α N,seis . However, since
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5 AC308 does include provisions for determining α N,seis, adhesive anchor systems
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127 shown compliance to per AC308 to receive recognition under the IBC include α N,seis
as a parameter for calculating Nba .
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635) PROFIS Engineering uses the α N,seis-values given in the ICC-ESR for an adhesive
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 anchor system to calculate Nba . The PROFIS Engineering report therefore shows
Temperature
т k,cr α N,seis in the Variables section, and as a parameter for calculating Nba in the
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
Equations section.
in uncracked concrete т k,uncr Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete λa: Lightweight concrete modification factor

(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
Characteristic bond strength psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 тk,xxxx: Characteristic bond stress for cracked or uncracked concrete
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete hef:

Effective embedment depth that has been selected for the anchor being
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
Characteristic bond strength psi 1820 1820 1820 1820 1820 1820 1820 modeled
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Reduction for Seismic Tension α N,seis - 0.88 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.97 1.0 information on the parameter Nba .

Calculations cNa
Calculations ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 Provision Comments for PROFIS Engineering
тuncr 17.4.5.1 ………ANa is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor or group of adhesive ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 bond strength calculations are predicated on the parameter
cNa = 10da
1100 anchors that shall be approximated as a rectilinear area that projects outward a distance cNa from “c Na”, which is defined in Chapter 2 as the “projected distance from the center
through a row of adjacent adhesive anchors……..……………….A Na0 is the projected influence area of strength of a single adhesive anchor.” c Na is calculated per Equation (17.4.5.1d).
a single adhesive anchor with an edge distance equal to or greater than cNa . The parameter “d a” corresponds to the diameter of the anchor element selected
corresponds to the characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete of the
A Na0 = (2cNa)2 (17.4.5.1c) adhesive product selected for the PROFIS Engineering application being modeled.
where
The modification factor A Na accounts for the area of influence assumed to develop
тuncr with respect to bond failure, for the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d
1100 been input into the PROFIS Engineering model. Per the provisions for A Na given in
Section 17.4.5.1, PROFIS Engineering limits the geometry used to define A Na to a
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. maximum projected distance from an anchor of c Na .
c Na is also used to calculate the following bond strength parameters:

17.4.5.3 The modification factor for adhesive anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,Na • A Na0: Modification factor for the idealized area of influence assumed to
shall be calculated as: develop in concrete, with respect to bond failure, for a single anchor
without any edge influences. Reference Equation (17.4.5.1c)
1
ψec,Na = (17.4.5.3) • ψec,Na: Modification factor for an eccentric tension load acting on a group of
e´N anchors. Reference Section 17.4.5.3
1+
cNa
• ψed,Na: Modification factor for a fixed edge distance less than c Na . Reference
Section 17.4.5.4
17.4.5.4 The modification factor for edge effects for single adhesive anchors or adhesive anchor
groups loaded in tension, ψed,Na , shall be calculated as: • ψcp,Na: Modification factor to consider splitting failure. Reference Section
17.4.5.5
If ca,min ≥ cNa, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.4a) Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
ca,min
т uncr: Characteristic bond stress of an
cNa
adhesive anchor in uncracked concrete
accordance with 17.4.5.2 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,Na, shall be
calculated as:
ψec,Na: Modification factor for tension eccentricity
ca,min
If ca,min < cac, then ψcp,Na = (17.4.5.5b) ψed,Na: Modification factor for edge distance
cac
ψec,N a: Modification factor for splitting
but ψcp,Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.5b) shall not be taken less than cNa /cac, where the critical
distance cac is defined in 17.7.6. For all other cases, ψcp,Na shall be taken as 1.0.
Example:
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (тk,uncr)
that could be used to calculate cNa for a given anchor diameter (da) using Eq. (17.4.5.1d).

Calculations cNa (continued)

тuncr Example:
cNa = 10da
1100 Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (тk,uncr)
ICC-ESR3187 Table 14
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)

Calculations ANa
A Na 17.4.5.1 …….. ANa is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor or group of adhesive A Na is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence assumed to
anchors that shall be approximated as a rectilinear area that projects outward a distance cNa from develop in concrete, with respect to bond failure, when a tension load is applied
the centerline of the adhesive anchor, or in the case of a group of adhesive anchors, from a line to a single adhesive anchor or a group of adhesive anchors. A Na is calculated with
through a row of adjacent adhesive anchors…….. the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have been input into the PROFIS
Engineering model. The geometry for A Na is defined by projected distances from
………………where the anchors that are in tension. The maximum projected distance from an anchor
that is considered when calculating A Na is limited to c Na , where c Na is defined by
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. Equation (17.4.5.1d) in Section 17.4.5.1. Therefore, the maximum edge distance
parameter used to calculate A Na equals c Na , and the maximum spacing parameter
тuncr used to calculate A Na equals a projected distance of c Na on either side of the
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d
1100 anchor; or 2.0c Na . The figure below illustrates how A Na is calculated for a group of
four anchors in tension with fixed edge distances in the -x and +y directions equal
Example: to c a1 and c a2 , respectively; and spacing parameters in the x and y directions equal
to s1 and s 2 , respectively. Both c a1 and c a2 are assumed to be less than the value
Example of minimum edge distance and spacing requirements given in an adhesive anchor system for c Na calculated per Equation (17.4.5.1d). When modeling the parameter A Na , if no
approval. fixed edge is present for a given direction, or the fixed edge distance is greater than
the value calculated for c Na , the maximum projected distance from an anchor(s)
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 12 with respect to that direction is assumed to equal c Na . For the application illustrated
below, there are no fixed edges in the +x and -y directions; therefore, the maximum
DESIGN
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). projected distance in those directions that is used to model A Na equals c Na .
Symbol Units
INFORMATION
3/8 or #3 1/2 or #4 5/8 or #5 3/4 or #6 7/8 or #7 1 or #8 #9
Since the maximum projected distance from an anchor that is considered when
Min. anchor spacing smin in. 1-7/8 2-1/2 3-1/8 3-3/4 4-3/8 5 5-5/8 modeling A Na equals c Na , anchors spaced greater than 2.0c Na from one another
would not be considered to act as a group with respect to that spacing. For the
Min. edge distance illustration below, both s1 and s 2 are assumed to be less than 2.0c Na .
cmin in. 1-3/4 1-3/4 2 2-1/8 2-1/4 2-3/4 n/a
(Threaded rods)
Min. edige distance 5d; or see Section 4.1.9.2 of this report for design with reduced
cmin -
(Reinforcing bars) minimum edge distances
A Na = (c a1 + s1 + c Na) (c a2 + s 2 + c Na)
where: c min < (c a1 and c a2) < c Na
s min < (s1 and s 2) < 2.0c Na
Adhesive anchor values for c min and s min are established via testing per the ICC-ES
acceptance criteria AC308, and the ACI test standard
ACI 355.4. These values are given in the ICC-ESR for the adhesive anchor system.
Reference the Equations more information on A Na .
Reference the Calculations section for more information on c Na .

Calculations ANa0
A Na0 (2cNa) 2
17.4.5.1 …….. ANa0 is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor with an edge distance A Na0 is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence assumed to
equal to or greater than cNa . develop in concrete, with respect to bond failure, when a tension load is applied to
a single adhesive anchor without the influence of any fixed edges. A Na0 is calculated
A Na0 = (2cNa)2 (17.4.5.1c) with the parameter “c Na”, which is defined in ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 as the “projected
distance from the center of an anchor shaft on one side of the anchor required
………………where to develop the full bond strength of a single adhesive anchor”. c Na is a calculated
value, and is calculated per ACI 318-14 Equation (17.4.5.1d). The geometry for
тuncr A Na0 is defined by a projected distance of c Na from the anchor, on either side of the
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d
1100 anchor, in both the x and y directions.
The calculated value for A Na0 is always equal to (2c Na)2, and c Na is always calculated
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. per Equation (17.4.5.1c) when designing with the anchoring-to-concrete provisions
of ACI 318-14.
Example:
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (тk,uncr)
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
A Nc0 = (c Na + c Na) (c Na + c Na)
in uncracked concrete т k,uncr = (2.0c Na)2
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Characteristic bond strength psi 855 930 960 1035 1055 1085 1130 Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete report for more information on c Na .

(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
in uncracked concrete т k,uncr Reference the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)
information on A Na0 .

Calculations ψec1,Na
ψec1,Na 17.4.5.3 The modification factor for adhesive anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,Na When calculating nominal bond strength for a group of adhesive anchors in tension
shall be calculated as: (N ag), ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions designate the modification factor
1 for tension eccentricity “ψec,Na”. Per Section 17.4.5.3, tension eccentricity can be
ψec,Na = (17.4.5.3) considered with respect to the x and y directions. PROFIS Engineering designates
e´N the modification factor for tension eccentricity in the x direction “ψec1,Na”. The
1+
cNa parameter e c1,N is a PROFIS Engineering parameter to define tension eccentricity
with respect to the x direction using Eq. (17.4.5.3). PROFIS Engineering calculations
for tension eccentricity with respect to the x direction are as follows:
but ψec,Na shall not be taken greater than 1.0. • Calculate a resultant tension load acting on the anchors
•C alculate the distance in the x direction (e c1,N) between this load and the
If the loading on an adhesive anchor group is such that only some adhesive anchors are in centroid of the anchors loaded in tension
tension, only those adhesive anchors that are in tension shall be considered when determining the •C alculate a modification factor for tension eccentricity (ψec1,Na) with respect to
eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.5.3) and for the calculation of Nag according to Eq. (17.4.5.1b). the x direction
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two orthogonal axes, the modification factor, If the resultant tension load acting on the anchorage is eccentric with respect to
ψec,Na, shall be calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,Na both the x and y directions; PROFIS Engineering calculates the eccentricity for
in Eq. (17.4.5.1b). each direction (e c1,N with respect to the x direction and e c2,N with respect to the y
direction), and the ψec,N modification factor for each direction (ψec1,Na for eccentricity
with respect to the x direction and ψec2,Na for eccentricity with respect to the y
direction). ψec1,Na and ψec2,Na are multiplied together to give a total modification
factor for eccentricity per ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.5.3.

with respect to the x direction when calculating bond strength in tension.
1
ψec1,Na = = 0.795
2.75”
1+
10.65”

Calculations ψec1,Na (continued)

ψec1,Na Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
information on:
information on:
e c2,N: Parameter for tension eccentricity with respect to the y direction
Reference the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
information on:
ψec1,Na: Modification factor for tension eccentricity with respect to the x
direction
information on:
ψec2,Na: Modification factor for tension eccentricity with respect to the y
direction
ψec2,Na 17.4.5.3 The modification factor for adhesive anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,Na When calculating nominal bond strength for a group of adhesive anchors in tension
shall be calculated as (N ag), ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions designate the modification factor
for tension eccentricity “ψec,Na”. Per Section 17.4.5.3, tension eccentricity can be
considered with respect to the x and y directions. PROFIS Engineering designates
1 the modification factor for tension eccentricity in the y direction “ψec2,Na”. The
ψec,Na = (17.4.5.3)
e´N parameter e c2,N is a PROFIS Engineering parameter to define tension eccentricity
1+ with respect to the y direction using Eq. (17.4.5.3). PROFIS Engineering calculations
cNa for tension eccentricity with respect to the y direction are as follows:
• Calculate a resultant tension load acting on the anchors
but ψec,Na shall not be taken greater than 1.0. • Calculate the distance in the y direction (e c2,N) between this load and the
If the loading on an adhesive anchor group is such that only some adhesive anchors are in •C alculate a modification factor for tension eccentricity (ψec2,Na) with respect to
tension, only those adhesive anchors that are in tension shall be considered when determining the the y direction
eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.5.3) and for the calculation of Nag according to Eq. (17.4.5.1b).
If the resultant tension load acting on the anchorage is eccentric with respect to
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two orthogonal axes, the modification factor, both the x and y directions; PROFIS Engineering calculates the eccentricity for
ψec,Na, shall be calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,Na each direction (e c1,N with respect to the x direction and e c2,N with respect to the y
in Eq. (17.4.5.1b). direction), and the ψec,N modification factor for each direction (ψec1,Na for eccentricity
with respect to the x direction and ψec2,Na for eccentricity with respect to the y
direction). ψec1,Na and ψec2,Na are multiplied together to give a total modification
factor for eccentricity per ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.5.3.


ψec2,Na Below is an illustration showing how PROFIS Engineering accounts for eccentricity
with respect to the y direction when calculating bond strength in tension.
1
ψec2,Na = = 0.864
1.67”
1+
10.65”
information on:
information on:
information on:
ψec2,Na: Modification factor for tension eccentricity with respect to the y
direction
information on:
ψec1,Na: Modification factor for tension eccentricity with respect to the x
direction

Calculations ψed,Na
17.4.5.4 The modification factor for edge effects for single adhesive anchors or adhesive anchor ψed,Na is a modification factor that is used to account for fixed edge distances less
ca,min
ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 ≤1.0 groups loaded in tension, ψed,Na , shall be calculated as than c Na , where c Na corresponds to a projected distance from the center of the
cNa adhesive anchor element being modeled in PROFIS Engineering. The illustration
If ca,min ≥ cNa, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.4a) below shows how the assumed area of influence (A Na) would be defined for an
adhesive anchoring application being modeled with two fixed edges (c a1 and c a2)
that are both less than c Na , and with c a1 being less than c a2 . The smallest edge
ca,min distance (c a1) corresponds to the parameter c a,min, and would be used to calculate
cNa the modification factor ψed,Na .
ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a1 / c Na)

Calculations ψcp,Na
17.4.5.5 The modification factor for adhesive anchors designed for uncracked concrete in ψcp,Na is a modification factor that considers splitting failure when calculating the
ca,min cNa
ψcp,Na = MAX , ≤1.0 accordance with 17.4.5.2 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,Na, shall be nominal bond strength in tension (Na or Nag). Since ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete
cac cac calculated as: provisions do not specifically consider concrete splitting as a failure mode, splitting
If ca,min ≥ cac, then ψcp,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.5a) is addressed through a modification factor. The parameter ψcp,Na is only considered
when designing adhesive anchors installed in uncracked concrete.
ca,min Splitting failure is influenced by the distance of an anchor from a fixed edge “in
cac a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no cracking at service
load levels”. The parameter cac used to calculate ψcp,Na is defined in ACI 318 as
but ψcp,Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.5b) shall not be taken less than cNa /cac, where the critical the “critical edge distance required to develop the basic strength as controlled
distance cac is defined in 17.7.6. For all other cases, ψcp,Na shall be taken as 1.0. by concrete breakout or bond of a post-installed anchor in tension in uncracked
concrete without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting.” ψcp,Na is not
тuncr calculated if the smallest fixed edge distance (ca,min) is greater than or equal to cac,
cNa = 10da (17.4.5.1d)
1100 or if cracked concrete conditions are assumed. Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance
criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard ACI 355.4 is used to derive cac values for
adhesive anchor systems. cac values derived from this testing are provided in an
17.4.5.1 ……… where ICC-ESR ACI 318-14 Section 17.7.6 provides cac-values for post-installed anchors;
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. however, these values are only intended to be used as “guide values” in the
absence of cac values derived from product-specific testing. PROFIS Engineering
17.4.5.2 ……… For adhesive anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis uses the provisions given in the adhesive anchor ICC-ESR to calculate a cac-value.
indicates no cracking at service load levels…………….. This value is used to calculate ψcp,Na for the anchor element being modeled.
17.7.6 Unless determined from tension tests in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4, the critical The value for ψcp,Na that PROFIS Engineering calculates will be limited to
edge distance cac shall not be taken less than: MAXIMUM {ca,min /cac : cNa /cac}
Adhesive anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2hef where ca,min is the smallest fixed edge distance being modeled in the application,
and cNa corresponds to an assumed projected distance from the center of the
ICC-ESR-3187 adhesive anchor element being modeled. When design per ACI 318-14 has been
4.1.10.2 Threaded Rod, Steel Reinforcing Bars, and Hilti HIS-N and HIS-RN Inserts: The selected, PROFIS Engineering calculates cNa per Equation (17.4.5.1d).
modification factor ψcp,Na must be determined in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.5.5 or ACI 318-11
D.5.5 as applicable, except as noted below. Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
For all cases where cNa/cac < 1.0, ψcp,Na determined from ACI 318-14 Eq. 17.4.5.5b or ACI 318-11 Eq. information on the following parameters:
D-27, as applicable, need not be taken less than cNa/cac. For all other cases ψcp,Na shall be taken as 1.0. ca,min: The smallest fixed edge distance being modeled
The critical edge distance cac must be calculated according to Eq. 17.4.5.5c for ACI 318-14 or Eq. system being modeled
D-27a for ACI 318-11, in lieu of ACI 318-14 17.7.6 or ACI 318-11 D.8.6 as applicable. тk,c,uncr: Characteristic bond stress for uncracked concrete conditions
0.4 Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
тk,uncr h
cac = hef ⁎ 3.1–0.7 information on the parameter cNa .
1160 hef
Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for Concrete
(Eq. 17.4.5.5c for ACI 318-14 or Eq. D-27a for ACI 318-11) Breakout in Tension for more information on the parameters kuncr, hef, and f´c.
These parameters are used to calculate the limiting value for the characteristic
where bond stress in uncracked concrete, which is shown as “тk,uncr” in the ICC-ESR-3187
Eq. (4-1) to the left.
h
hef
need not be taken as larger than 2.4; and тk,uncr is the characteristic bond strength in uncracked
тk,uncr need not be taken greater than:

k uncr hef f´c
πd

Calculations Nba
Nba = λ a т k,c α N,seis πda h ef 17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, Nba , The parameter Nba corresponds to a calculated bond strength for a single adhesive
shall not exceed anchor element without any fixed edge or spacing influences. It is used to calculate
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) the nominal bond strength in tension (Na or Nag).
The characteristic bond stress тcr shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests Calculation of Nba is predicated on the characteristic bond stress of the adhesive
performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.4. product (тcr or тuncr), and the anchor element geometry (πda and hef), where da
Where analysis indicates cracking at service load levels, adhesive anchors shall be shown to the effective embedment depth that has been input into PROFIS Engineering for
compliance for use in cracked concrete in accordance with ACI 355.4. the selected anchor element.
For adhesive anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no If cracked concrete conditions are being modeled, PROFIS Engineering uses the
cracking at service load levels, тuncr shall be permitted to be used in place of тcr in Eq. (17.4.5.2) and characteristic bond stress for cracked concrete (тcr) to calculate Nba .
shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to
ACI 355.4. If uncracked concrete conditions are being modeled, PROFIS Engineering uses the
characteristic bond stress for uncracked concrete (тuncr) to calculate Nba .
It shall be permitted to use the minimum characteristic bond stress values in Table 17.4.5.2
provided (a) through (e) are satisfied: Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard
ACI 355.4 is used to derive characteristic bond stress values for adhesive
(a) Anchors shall meet the requirements of ACI 355.4 anchor systems. Values derived from this testing are provided in an ICC-ESR
(b) Anchors shall be installed in holes drilled with a rotary impact drill or rock drill and are designated “тk,cr”, corresponding to the characteristic bond stress in
(c) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum compressive strength of 2500 psi cracked concrete, and “тk,uncr”, corresponding to the characteristic bond stress
(d) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum age of 21 days in uncracked concrete. The values given in ACI 318-14 Table 17.4.5.2 for “тcr” or
(e) Concrete temperature at time of installation shall be at least 50°F ”тuncr” are intended to be used as guide values in the absence of product-specific
data. PROFIS Engineering calculates Nba with the тk,cr and тk,uncr values given in the
Table 17.4.5.2 — Minimum characteristic bond stresses [1] [2] adhesive anchor ICC-ESR Although noted in the ICC-ESR as a “strength”, тk,cr and
тk,uncr are stress parameters having units of psi.
тcr тuncr
psi psi
The parameter “α N,seis” is a reduction factor derived from testing per AC308/
environment anchor installation of concrete °F ACI 354. It is used to calculate Nba when seismic load conditions are assumed.
Outdoor Dry to fully saturated 175 200 650 PROFIS Engineering uses the α N,seis-values given in the adhesive anchor ICC-ESR
to calculate Nba .
Indoor Dry 110 300 1000
The parameter “λa” is a lightweight concrete modification factor. Provisions for
[2] W
here design includes earthquake loads for structures assigned to SDC C, D, E, or F, multiply values of тcr by 0.8 and тuncr by 0.4. determining λa are given in the adhesive anchor ICC-ESR. PROFIS Engineering
uses the λa-provisions given in the adhesive anchor ICC-ESR to calculate Nba .
Example:
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (тkcr and тk,uncr) and the
seismic reduction value α N,seis

Calculations Nba (continued)

Nba = λ a т k,c α N,seis πda h ef Example: Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (тkcr and тk,uncr) and the information on the following parameters:
seismic reduction value α N,seis . λ a: Lightweight concrete modification factor
тk,xxxx: characteristic bond stress for cracked or uncracked concrete.
α N,seis: Seismic modification factor
d a: Anchor element diameter
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). hef: Effective embedment depth that has been selected for the anchor being
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 modeled
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
Minimum Embedment hef,min Reference the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
information on the parameter Nba .
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)

Results Na
Results ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 Provision Comments for PROFIS Engineering
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension, Na of a single adhesive anchor …….. shall not ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for the nominal bond strength of a single
A Na
Na = ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba exceed: anchor (N a) require calculation of various modification factors corresponding to
A Na0 (a) For a single adhesive anchor area of influence (ANa /ANa0), edge distance (ψed,Na), and splitting (ψcp,Na); and then
multiplying these factors by what is termed the “basic bond strength in tension”
(Nba) to obtain a “nominal bond strength in tension” (Na).
A Na
A Na0 Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
ANa: Area of influence for anchors in tension
ANa0: Area of influence for single anchor in tension
Nba: Basic bond strength in tension
information on Na .
Results ϕNa
ϕNa 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension check a calculated design
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to strength (ϕN N) against a factored tension load (N ua).
sustained tensile loading
Table 17.3.1.1 information on:
Failure Mode Single Anchor ϕNa: Design bond strength in tension
Bond Strength of Adhesive Anchor in Tension ϕNa ≥ Nua
N a: Design bond strength in tension

Results Nag
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension, …….. N ag of a group of adhesive anchors, shall not ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for the nominal bond strength of a
A Na
Nag = ψec,Na ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba exceed: group of adhesive anchors (Nag) require calculation of various modification factors
A Na0 (b) For a group of adhesive anchors corresponding to area of influence (ANa /ANa0), eccentricity (ψec,Na), edge distance
(ψed,Na), and splitting (ψcp,Na); and then multiplying these factors by what is termed
A Na the “basic bond strength in tension” (Nba) to obtain a “nominal bond strength in
A Na0 tension” (Nag).
ANa: Area of influence for anchors in tension
ANa0: Area of influence for single anchor in tension
Nba: Basic bond strength in tension
information on Nag.
Results ϕNag
ϕNag 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension check a calculated design
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to strength (ϕNN) against a factored tension load (Nua).
sustained tensile loading.
Table 17.3.1.1 information on:
Failure Mode Anchors as a Group ϕNag: Design bond strength in tension
Bond Strength in Tension ϕN ag > N ua
ϕbond: Strength reduction factor for bond failure
Nag: Design bond strength in tension
Nua: Factored load acting on anchors in tension

Results ϕbond
ϕbond 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for bond failure in tension require calculation
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to of a nominal bond strength (Na or Nag). The nominal strength is multiplied by one
sustained tensile loading. or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design strength (ϕNa
or ϕNag). ϕ-factors are relevant to static and seismic load conditions. PROFIS
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 Engineering designates the ϕ-factor corresponding to bond failure for static load
conditions “ϕbond ”.
Anchor Group
Failure Mode Single Anchor Adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance to under the International
Individual anchor in
Anchors as a group Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction
a Group
with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors derived
Steel strength in tension (17.4.1) ϕN sa ≥ Nua ϕN sa ≥ Nua,i from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as given in the ICC-ESR for the adhesive anchor
Concrete breakout strength in tension
system, to calculate design bond strength (ϕNa or ϕNag). These ϕ-factors are
ϕN cb ≥ Nua ϕN cbg ≥ Nua,g relevant to the condition of the concrete in the drilled hole into which the adhesive
(17.4.2)
and anchor element are inserted. Possible drilled hole installation conditions
Pullout strength in tension (17.4.3) ϕNpn ≥ Nua ϕNpn ≥ Nua,i include dry, water saturated, water filled, and underwater (submerged). Reference
Concrete side-face blowout strength in the ICC-ESR for ϕ-factors that are specific to these conditions. PROFIS
ϕN sb ≥ Nua ϕN sbg ≥ Nua,g
tension (17.4.4) Engineering uses the ϕ-factor corresponding to the drilled hole condition that has
Bond strengh of adhesive anchor in been selected to calculate ϕNa or ϕNag, and designates this parameter “ϕbond ” in
ϕN a ≥ Nua ϕNag ≥ Nua,g
tension (17.4.5) the Results section of the report.
PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 reduction factor noted in ACI 318-14
17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined Section 17.2.3.4.4 for seismic load conditions “ϕseismic”.
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: The provisions given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.1.2 are used to calculate a bond
…………………………………………………………….. strength (0.55ϕNba) for a single anchor, which is checked against the highest
(e) 0.75ϕN a or 0.75ϕN ag factored sustained tension load (Nua,s) determined to be acting on a single anchor
…………………………………………………………….. within the anchorage. Equations, variables, calculations and results relevant to
this sustained load check are given in the PROFIS Engineering report section
17.3.1.2 For the design of adhesive anchors to resist sustained tension loads, in addition to 17.3.1.1, titled Sustained Tension Load Bond Strength. PROFIS Engineering uses the
Eq. (17.3.1.2) shall be satisfied. ϕ-factor corresponding to the drilled hole condition that has been selected (dry,
water saturated, water filled, submerged) to calculate 0.55ϕNba and designates
0.55 ϕNba ≥ Nua,s (17.3.1.2) this parameter “ϕbond ” in the Results section of the Sustained Tension Load Bond
Strength section of the report.
Where N ba is determined in accordance with 17.4.5.2.

Results ϕbond (continued)

ϕbond Example: Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering Bond Strength
Example of an ICC-ESR showing strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) for bond strength. section of the report for more information on:
Nba: Basic bond strength
Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering Bond Strength section
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). of the report for more information on the following parameters:
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 Na or Nag: Nominal bond strength
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5 ϕNa or ϕNag: Design bond strength
Minimum Embedment hef,min ϕseismic: Strength reduction factor for seismic tension
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25 Reference the PROFIS Engineering report section titled Sustained Tension Load
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635) Bond Strength for more information about the sustained load check referenced in
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 Section 17.3.1.2.
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
in uncracked concrete тk,uncr
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)
Anchor
Permissible
Installation
Conditions
1
Category
Dry and water saturated
concrete
ϕ d, ϕ ws 0.65
Short term elevated concrete temperatures are those which occur over brief intervals, e.g. as a result of diurnal cycling. Long term
concrete temperatures are roughly constant over significant periods of time.

Results ϕseismic
ϕseismic 17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for bond failure in tension require calculation
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the of a nominal bond strength (Na or Nag). The nominal strength is multiplied by one
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design strength (ϕNa or
ϕNag). ϕ-factors are relevant to static and seismic load conditions.
(a) ………………………….
ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 contains provisions to calculate tension design
(b) 0.75ϕNcb or 0.75ϕNcbg strengths for seismic load conditions. PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75
reduction factor noted in this section as “ϕ seismic”. This reduction is applied to
(c) …………………………. non-steel tension failure modes. When calculating tension design strengths for
adhesive anchors, the relevant non-steel tension failure modes to which this
(d) …………………………. reduction is applied include concrete breakout failure (0.75ϕN cb or 0.75ϕNcbg) and
bond failure (0.75ϕNa or 0.75ϕNag), as referenced in the excerpt to the left.
(e) 0.75ϕNa or 0.75ϕNag
The ϕ-factors referenced in Table 17.3.1.1 correspond to tension design strengths
calculated for static load conditions. The PROFIS Engineering report designates
17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design the ϕ-factor corresponding to bond failure for static load conditions “ϕbond ”.
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to
sustained tensile loading. PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as
given in the ICC-ESR for the adhesive anchor system, for the parameter “ϕ bond ”.
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3
When seismic load conditions are modeled in PROFIS Engineering for an adhesive
Anchor Group anchor system, the software calculates a design bond strength corresponding to
Failure Mode Single Anchor (0.75 ϕ bond Na or 0.75 ϕ bond N ag).
Anchors as a group
a Group
Steel strength in tension (17.4.1) ϕN sa ≥ Nua ϕN sa ≥ Nua,i information on the following parameters:
Na or Nag: Nominal bond strength
ϕN cb ≥ Nua ϕN cbg ≥ Nua,g ϕNa or ϕNag: Design bond strength
(17.4.2)
ϕ bond: Strength reduction factor for concrete failure
Pullout strength in tension (17.4.3) ϕNpn ≥ Nua ϕNpn ≥ Nua,i
Concrete side-face blowout strength in

tension (17.4.4)
Bond strengh of adhesive anchor in
tension (17.4.5)
PROFIS Engineering calculations for bond failure in tension when seismic load conditions are being
modeled:
single anchor: design bond strength = ϕseismic ϕconcrete Na .
anchor group: design bond strength = ϕ seismic ϕconcrete Nag.

Results ϕnonductile
ϕnonductile ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.1.1 ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for bond failure in tension require calculation
17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design of a nominal bond strength (Na or Nag). The nominal strength is multiplied by one
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design strength (ϕNa or
sustained tensile loading. ϕNag). ϕ-factors are relevant to static and seismic load conditions.
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 The ϕ-factors referenced in Table 17.3.1.1 correspond to tension design strengths
calculated for static load conditions. The PROFIS Engineering report designates
Anchor Group the ϕ-factor corresponding to bond failure for static load conditions “ϕbond ”.
Anchors as a group PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as
a Group
given in the ICC-ESR for the adhesive anchor system, for the parameter “ϕbond ”.
Steel strength in tension (17.4.1) ϕN sa ≥ Nua ϕN sa ≥ Nua,i
Concrete breakout strength in tension ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 contains provisions to calculate tension design
ϕN cb ≥ Nua ϕN cbg ≥ Nua,g strengths for seismic load conditions. PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75
(17.4.2)
reduction factor noted in this section as “ϕseismic”. This reduction is applied to
non-steel tension failure modes. When calculating tension design strengths for
Concrete side-face blowout strength in adhesive anchors, the relevant non-steel tension failure modes to which this
tension (17.4.4) reduction is applied include concrete breakout failure (0.75ϕNcb or 0.75ϕNcbg) and
Bond strengh of adhesive anchor in bond failure (0.75ϕNa or 0.75ϕNag), as referenced in the excerpt to the left.
tension (17.4.5)
The parameter “ϕnonductile” is a reduction factor for seismic load conditions that
is given in Part D.3.3.6 of the anchoring-to-concrete provisions in ACI 318-08
ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 Appendix D. This reduction factor can range from a value of 0.4 to 1.0, depending
17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined on the application, and PROFIS Engineering designates this factor “ϕnonductile”.
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: “ϕnonductile” is not a relevant parameter for seismic design per ACI 318-14 Chapter
17; therefore, it is always referenced in the PROFIS Engineering report for ACI 318-
(a) …………………………. 14 calculations as equal to 1.0.
(b) 0.75ϕNcb or 0.75ϕNcbg Reference the PROFIS Engineering Design Guide for ACI 318-08 anchoring-to-
concrete provisions for more information on ϕnonductile.
(c) ………………………….
(d) ………………………….
(e) 0.75ϕNa or 0.75ϕNag
ACI 318-08 Part D.3.3.6

D.3.3.6 — As an alternative to D.3.3.4 and D.3.3.5, it shall be permitted to take the design strength
of the anchors as 0.4 times the design strength determined in accordance with D.3.3.3. For the
anchors of stud bearing walls, it shall be permitted to take the design strength of the anchors as 0.5
times the design strength determined in accordance with D.3.3.3.

Results Nua
Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for bond failure in tension require calculation
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to of a nominal bond strength (Na or Nag). The nominal strength is multiplied by one
sustained tensile loading. or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design strength (ϕNa or
ϕNag).
Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the tension failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 anchoring-
to-concrete provisions. Design strength is checked against a factored tension load, defined by the
parameter “Nua”. Chapter 2 in ACI 318-14 gives the following definitions for the
factored tension load parameter “Nua”.
• Nua = f actored tensile force applied to anchor or individual anchor in a group
of anchors (lb)
Anchor Group
• Nua,i = f actored tensile force applied to most highly stressed anchor in a group
Anchors as a group
of anchors (lb)
a Group • Nua,g = t otal factored tensile force applied to anchor group (lb)
The design bond strength for a single anchor in tension (ϕNa) calculated per
Concrete breakout strength in tension Section 17.4.5 is checked against the factored tension load acting on the anchor,
ϕN cb ≥ Nua ϕN cbg ≥ Nua,g
(17.4.2) which is designated “Nua” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕNa > Nua , the provisions for
Pullout strength in tension (17.4.3) ϕNpn ≥ Nua ϕNpn ≥ Nua,i considering bond failure in tension have been satisfied per Table 17.3.1.1.
Concrete side-face blowout strength in The design bond strength for a group of anchors in tension (ϕNag) calculated per
tension (17.4.4) Section 17.4.5 is checked against the total factored tension load acting on the
Bond strengh of adhesive anchor in anchors that are in tension, which is designated “Nua,g” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕNag >
tension (17.4.5) Nua,g , the provisions for considering bond failure in tension have been satisfied per
Table 17.3.1.1.
The PROFIS Engineering report uses the generic designation “Nua” to define
the factored tension load being checked against the calculated design bond
strength ϕNa or ϕNag. The PROFIS Engineering Load Engine permits users to input
service loads that will then be factored per IBC factored load equations. Users
can also import factored load combinations via a spreadsheet, or input factored
load combinations directly on the main screen. PROFIS Engineering users are
responsible for inputting tension loads. The software only performs tension load
checks per Table 17.3.1.1 if tension loads have been input via one of the load input
functionalities.
If a single anchor in tension is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates the

parameter ϕNa, and checks this value against either (a) the factored tension load
acting on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input via the Load
Engine, (b) the factored tension load acting on the anchor, which has been calculated
using the loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the factored tension load acting
on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input in the matrix on
the main screen. The value for Nua shown in the report corresponds to the factored
tension load determined to be acting on the anchor.
If a group of anchors in tension is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates

the parameter ϕNag, and checks this value against either (a) the total factored
tension load acting on the anchor group, which has been calculated using the
loads input via the Load Engine, (b) the total factored tension load acting on
the anchor group, which has been calculated using the loads imported from a
spreadsheet or (c) the total factored tension load acting on the anchor group, which
has been calculated using the loads input in the matrix on the main screen. The
value for Nua shown in the report corresponds to the total factored tension load
determined to be acting on the anchor group.

report for more information on the parameters ϕNa and ϕNag.

PART 3 TENSION LOAD Concrete Breakout Failure Mode
Equation Ncb
Equation ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 Provision Comments for PROFIS Engineering
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, Ncb of a single anchor …….. shall not Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
A Nc
Ncb = ψed,Na ψc,N ψcp,N Nb exceed: information on the following parameters:
A Nc0 (a) For a single anchor
ANc: Area of influence for anchors in tension
A Nc
Ncb = ψed,Na ψc,N ψcp,N Nb (17.4.2.1a) ANc0: Area of influence for single anchor in tension
A Nc0
ψed,N: Tension modification factor for edge distance
ψcp,N: Modification factor for splitting
Nb: Basic concrete breakout strength in tension
Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for information
on:
ψc,N: Modification factor for cracked concrete
Equation ϕNcb
ϕNcb ≥ Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension check a calculated design
Table 17.3.1.1 information on the following parameters:
Failure Mode Single Anchor Ncb: Nominal concrete breakout strength in tension
Concrete Breakout Strength in Tension ϕNcb > Nua
ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for concrete failure
ϕNcb: Design concrete breakout strength in tension

Equation Ncbg
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, …….. Ncbg of a group of anchors, shall Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
A Nc
Ncbg = ψec,N ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N not exceed: information on the following parameters:
A Nc0 (b) For a group of anchors
A Nc ANc0: Area of influence for single anchor in tension

Ncbg = ψec,N ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N Nb (17.4.2.1b)
A Nc0 ψec,N: Tension modification factor for eccentricity
on:
Equation ϕNcb
ϕNcb ≥ Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension check a calculated design
Failure Mode Anchors as a Group Ncbg: Nominal concrete breakout strength in tension
Concrete Breakout Strength in Tension ϕNcbg > Nua
ϕNcbg: Design concrete breakout strength in tension

Equation A Nc
A Nc 17.4.2.1 …….. ANc is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor or group of anchors that ANc is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence assumed to
shall be approximated as the base of the rectilinear geometrical figure that results from projecting develop in concrete when a tension load is applied to a single anchor or a group of
the failure surface outward 1.5hef from the centerlines of the anchor, or in the case of a group of anchors. ANc is calculated with the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have
anchors, from a line through a row of adjacent anchors…….. been input into the PROFIS Engineering model. The geometry for ANc is defined by
projected distances from the anchors that are in tension. The maximum projected
distance from an anchor that is considered when calculating ANc is limited to
1.5hef, where hef is the effective embedment depth of the anchor. Therefore, the
maximum edge distance parameter used to calculate ANc equals 1.5hef and the
maximum spacing parameter used to calculate ANc equals 3.0hef.
The figure below illustrates how ANc is calculated for a group of four anchors in
tension with fixed edge distances equal to ca1 and ca2 , and spacing parameters
equal to s1 and s2 . Note that the maximum edge distance parameter used to
calculate ANc equals 1.5hef. Anchors spaced greater than 3.0hef from one another
would not be considered to act as a group with respect to that spacing.
ANc = (ca1 + s1 + 1.5hef) (ca2 + s2 + 1.5hef)

where: ca1 and ca2 are ≤ 1.5hef
s1 and s2 are ≤ 3.0hef
information on hef.
information on ANc.

Equation A Nc0
A Nc0 = 9hef 2
17.4.2.1 …….. ANc0 is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor with an edge distance ANc0 is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence assumed to
equal to or greater than 1.5hef . develop in concrete when a tension load is applied to a single anchor without
the influence of any fixed edges. ANc0 is calculated with the effective embedment
A Nc0 = 9hef2 (17.4.2.1c) depth of the anchor (hef) input into the PROFIS Engineering model. The geometry
for ANc0 is defined by a projected distance of 1.5hef from the anchor in the x and y
directions.
The figure below illustrates how ANc0 is calculated.
ANc0 = (1.5hef + 1.5hef) (1.5hef + 1.5hef)

= (9.0hef)2
information on hef.
information on ANc.

Equation ψec,N
17.4.2.4 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,N shall be ψec,N is a modification factor that is used to account for a resultant tension load
1
ψec,N = ≤ 1.0 calculated as that is eccentric with respect to the centroid of anchors that are loaded in tension.
2e´N ψec,N is only considered when calculating the nominal concrete breakout strength in
1+ tension for an anchor group (Ncbg).
3hef 1
ψec,N = (17.4.2.4) Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
2e´N
1+ information on the following parameters:
3hef
but ψec,N shall not be taken greater than 1.0. If the loading on an anchor group is such that only ec2,N: Parameter for tension eccentricity with respect to the y direction
some anchors are in tension, only those anchors that are in tension shall be considered when
determining the eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.2.4) and for the calculation of Ncbg according to hef: Parameter for anchor effective embedment depth.
Eq. (17.4.2.1b).
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two axes, the modification factor, ψec,N , shall be
calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,N in Eq. (17.4.2.1b). ψec1,N: Modification factor for tension eccentricity with respect to the x direction
ψec2,N: Modification factor for tension eccentricity with respect to the y direction
Equation ψed,N
17.4.2.5 The modification factor for edge effects for single anchors or anchor groups loaded in ψed,N is a modification factor that is used to account for fixed edge distances
ca,min
ψed,N = 0.7 + 0.3 ≤1.0 tension, ψed,N , shall be calculated as less than 1.5hef, where hef corresponds to the effective embedment depth that
1.5hef has been selected for the anchor being modeled in PROFIS Engineering. The
If ca,min ≥ 1.5hef, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.2.5a) illustration below shows how the assumed area of influence (ANc) would be defined
for an anchoring application being modeled with two fixed edges (ca1 and ca2)
that are both less than 1.5hef, and with ca1 being less than ca2 . The smallest edge
ca,min distance (ca1) corresponds to the parameter ca,min, and would be used to calculate
If ca,min < 1.5hef, then ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 (17.4.5.4b)
cNa the modification factor ψed,N .
ψed,N = 0.7 + 0.3 (ca1 / 1.5hef)
ca,min: Parameter for the smallest fixed edge being modeled
hef: Parameter for anchor effective embedment depth

Equation ψcp,N
17.4.2.7 The modification factor for post-installed anchors designed for uncracked concrete in ψcp,N is a modification factor that considers splitting failure when calculating the
ca,min 1.5hef
ψcp,N = MAX , ≤1.0 accordance with 17.4.2.6 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,N , shall be nominal concrete breakout strength in tension (Ncb or Ncbg) for a post-installed
cac cac calculated as follows using the critical distance cac as defined in 17.7.6 anchor. Since ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions do not specifically
consider concrete splitting as a failure mode, splitting is addressed through the
If ca,min ≥ 1.5cac, then ψcp,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.7a) ψcp,N modification factor. The parameter ψcp,N is only considered when designing
post-installed mechanical or adhesive anchors installed in uncracked concrete.
Splitting failure will typically not occur for cast-in-place anchors; therefore, the
ca,min parameter ψcp,N is not considered in PROFIS Engineering when modeling cast-in-
If ca,min < cac, then ψcp,N = (17.4.2.7b)
cac place anchors.
but ψcp,N determined from Eq. (17.4.2.7b) shall not be taken less than 1.5hef /cac, where the critical
distance cac is defined in 17.7.6.
levels”. The parameter cac that is used to calculate ψcp,N is defined in ACI 318 as
For all other cases, including cast-in anchors, ψcp,N shall be taken as 1.0.
concrete without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting.” ψcp,N does
17.4.2.6 For anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no cracking
not need to be calculated if the smallest fixed edge distance (ca,min) is greater than
at service load levels……………..
or equal to cac, or if cracked concrete conditions are assumed. Testing per the
ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193 and the ACI test standard ACI 355.2 is used
17.7.6 Unless determined from tension tests in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4, the critical
to derive cac values for mechanical anchors. Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance
edge distance cac shall not be taken less than:
Adhesive anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2hef adhesive anchor systems. cac values derived from this testing are provided in an
Undercut anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5hef ICC-ESR. ACI 318-14 Section 17.7.6 provides cac-values for post-installed anchors;
however, these values are only intended to be used as “guide values” in the
Torque-controlled expansion anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4hef
absence of cac values derived from product-specific testing. PROFIS Engineering
Displacement-controlled expansion anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4hef uses the cac-value that is given in the ICC-ES evaluation report for an anchor to
calculate ψcp,N .
The value for ψcp,N that PROFIS Engineering calculates will be limited to
MAXIMUM {ca,min /cac : 1.5hef/cac}
where ca,min is the smallest fixed edge distance being modeled in the application
and hef is the effective embedment depth that has been selected for the anchor
being modeled.
ca,min: The smallest fixed edge distance being modeled
cac: Value derived from testing per AC193/ACI 355.2 or AC308/ACI 355.4 for
the anchor being modeled
hef: Effective embedment depth that has been selected for the anchor being
modeled
information on the parameter ψcp,N .

Equation Nb = λa kc
N b = λ a kc f´c hef 1.5 17.4.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension in cracked concrete, Nb, ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for concrete breakout strength in
shall not exceed tension require calculation of various modification factors corresponding to area of
influence (ANc/ANc0), eccentricity (ψec,N), edge distance (ψed,N), cracked or uncracked
N b = λ a kc f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a) concrete (ψc,N), and splitting (ψcp,N); and then multiplying these factors by what is
termed the “basic concrete breakout strength in tension” (Nb) to obtain a “nominal
where kc = 24 for cast-in anchors and 17 for post-installed anchors. concrete breakout strength in tension” (Ncb or Ncbg).
The parameter Nb corresponds to a calculated concrete breakout strength for

The value of kc for post-installed anchors shall be permitted to be increased above 17 based on
a single anchor without any fixed edge or spacing influences. The parameter
ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4 product-specific tests, but shall not exceed 24.
“coefficient for the basic concrete breakout strength in tension” (kc) defaults
to a value of 24 for cast-in-place anchors, corresponding to cracked concrete
conditions. PROFIS Engineering always uses a kc-value of 24 for cast-in-place
anchors installed at an effective embedment depth (hef) less than 11 in, for both
cracked and uncracked concrete conditions. When designing cast-in-place
anchors in uncracked concrete, the modification factor ψc,n can be increased from
a value of 1.0 (cracked concrete conditions) to a value of 1.25 (uncracked concrete
conditions).
The default kc-value noted for post-installed mechanical anchors and adhesive
anchor systems in ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.2.2 equals 17. This section also notes
that testing per the ACI test standards ACI 355.2 and ACI 355.4 can be used
to derive kc values for these anchors. kc values for mechanical anchors can be
derived from testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193 in conjunction with
the ACI standard ACI 355.2. kc values for adhesive anchor systems can be derived
from testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI
standard ACI 355.4. These kc values are specific to either cracked or uncracked
concrete conditions; are relevant to the effective embedment depth range for the
anchor; and are provided in an ICC-ESR. PROFIS Engineering uses the kc-value
that is given in the ICC-ES evaluation report for a post-installed anchor to calculate
Nb.
kc: Coefficient for basic concrete breakout strength in tension
f´c: Concrete compressive strength
modeled
ψc,N: Modification factor for cracked or uncracked concrete conditions
information on the parameter Nb.

Equation Nb = 16λa
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 17.4.2.2 …………………………………………………. Alternatively, for cast-in headed studs and headed ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for concrete breakout strength in
bolts with tension require calculation of various modification factors corresponding to area of
11 in. < hef < 25 in., Nb, shall not exceed influence (ANc/ANc0), eccentricity (ψec,N), edge distance (ψed,N), cracked or uncracked
concrete (ψc,N), and splitting (ψcp,N); and then multiplying these factors by what is
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 (17.4.2.2b) termed the “basic concrete breakout strength in tension” (Nb) to obtain a “nominal
concrete breakout strength in tension” (Ncb or Ncbg).
The parameter Nb corresponds to a calculated concrete breakout strength for a

single anchor without any fixed edge or spacing influences. The general equation
for calculating Nb is defined as Eq. (17.4.2.2a) in ACI 318-14. This equation is written
as:
ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions include a special case for calculating

Nb when designing cast-in-place headed studs and headed bolts installed at an
embedment depth within the range 11 in < hef < 25 in. This case is defined in ACI
318-14 by Eq. (17.4.2.2b). The “coefficient for the basic concrete breakout strength
in tension” (kc) equals 16 in Eq. (17.4.2.2b), and the effective embedment depth
(hef) is raised to the 5/3 power instead of being raised to the 1.5 power per Eq.
(17.4.2.2a). The provisions associated with use of Eq. (17.4.2.2b) are only relevant
for cast-in-place headed studs and headed bolts installed at an embedment depth
within the range 11 in < hef < 25 in.
kc = 16 corresponds to cracked concrete conditions. When designing cast-in-place

anchors in uncracked concrete per Eq. (17.4.2.2b); the modification factor ψc,n can
be increased from a value of 1.0 (cracked concrete conditions) to a value of 1.25
(uncracked concrete conditions).
PROFIS Engineering calculates Nb per Eq. (17.4.2.2b) when cast-in-place headed

studs and headed bolts with an embedment depth 11 in < hef < 25 in are being
modeled. The commentary R17.4.2.2 notes that concrete breakout calculations for
hef > 25 in per Equation (17.4.2.2b) could be unconservative. PROFIS Engineering
calculations for concrete breakout strength in tension limit the embedment depth
for both cast-in-place and post-installed anchors to a maximum value of 25 in.
kc : Coefficient for basic concrete breakout strength in tension
modeled

Variables hef
hef 17.4.2.1 …….. ANc is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor or group of anchors that hef is defined as the “effective embedment depth of an anchor”. This parameter
shall be approximated as the base of the rectilinear geometrical figure that results from projecting corresponds to the embedded portion of the anchor that is “effective” in
the failure surface outward 1.5hef from the centerlines of the anchor, or in the case of a group of transferring tension load from the anchor into the concrete. Excerpted ACI 318-14
anchors, from a line through a row of adjacent anchors…….. anchoring-to-concrete provisions and equations that include hef for calculating
concrete breakout strength in tension are shown to the left.
17.4.2.1 …….. ANc0 is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor with an edge distance
equal to or greater than 1.5hef . For cast-in-place anchors, PROFIS Engineering permits users to input hef values
ranging between 4danchor and 25”.
A Nc0 = 9hef2 (17.4.2.1c) cast-in-place headed studs
4danchor < hef < 25”
17.4.2.4 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,N shall be
calculated as
1
ψec,N = (17.4.2.4)
2e´N
1+
3hef cast-in-place headed bolts
4danchor < hef < 25”
17.4.2.5 The modification factor for edge effects for single anchors or anchor groups loaded in
tension, ψed,N , shall be calculated as
If ca,min ≥ 1.5hef, then ψed,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.5a)
ca,min
If ca,min < 1.5hef, then ψed,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.5a)
cNa For post-installed mechanical anchors, PROFIS Engineering permits users to input
specific hef values that are relative to a specific diameter as given in the ICC-ES
17.4.2.7 The modification factor for post-installed anchors designed for uncracked concrete in evaluation report for the anchor.
accordance with 17.4.2.6 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,N , shall be
calculated as follows using the critical distance cac as defined in 17.7.6 post-installed expansion anchor
(reference product approval for hef)
If ca,min ≥ cac, then ψcp,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.7a)
ca,min
cac
For post-installed adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering permits users to input
a range of hef values that are relative to a specific diameter as given in the ICC-ES
evaluation report for the anchor.
17.4.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension in cracked concrete, Nb,
shall not exceed post-installed adhesive anchor
hef,min< hef < hef,max
N b = λ a kc f´c hef 1.5
(17.4.2.2a) (reference product approval for hef,min and hef,max)
Alternatively, for cast-in headed studs and headed bolts with

11 in. < hef < 25 in., Nb, shall not exceed
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 (17.4.2.2b)

Variables ec1,N
e c1,N 17.4.2.4 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,N shall be ec1,N is a PROFIS Engineering parameter to define tension eccentricity with respect
calculated as to the x direction. The value for ec1,N corresponds the distance in the x direction
PROFIS Engineering uses ec1,N to calculate the ACI 318 modification factor
1 for tension eccentricity (ψec,N), and designates this modification factor ψec1,N to
ψec,N = (17.4.2.4)
2e´N indicate eccentricity is being considered in the x direction. PROFIS Engineering
1+ calculations for tension eccentricity with respect to the x direction are as follows:
3hef
• Calculate the distance in the x direction (ec1,N) between this load and the
but ψec,N shall not be taken greater than 1.0. If the loading on an anchor group is such that only
determining the eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.2.4) and for the calculation of Ncbg according to • Calculate a modification factor for tension eccentricity (ψec1,N) with respect to
Eq. (17.4.2.1b). the x direction
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two axes, the modification factor, ψec,N , shall be If the resultant tension load acting on the anchorage is eccentric with respect to
calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,N in Eq. (17.4.2.1b). both the x and y directions; PROFIS Engineering calculates the eccentricity for
each direction (ec1,N with respect to the x direction and ec2,N with respect to the y
direction), and the ψec,N modification factor for each direction (ψec1,N for eccentricity
with respect to the x direction and ψec2,N for eccentricity with respect to the y
direction). ψec1,N and ψec2,N are multiplied together to give a total modification factor
for eccentricity per ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.2.4
information on:

with respect to the x direction when calculating concrete breakout strength in
tension.
1
ψec1,Na = = 0.79
(2) (2.75”)
1+
(3) (7.0”)

Variables ec2,N
e c2,N 17.4.2.4 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,N shall be ec2,N is a PROFIS Engineering parameter to define tension eccentricity with respect
calculated as to the y direction. The value for ec2,N corresponds the distance in the y direction
PROFIS Engineering uses ec2,N to calculate the ACI 318 modification factor
1 for tension eccentricity (ψec,N), and designates this modification factor ψec2,N to
ψec,N = (17.4.2.4)
2e´N indicate eccentricity is being considered in the y direction. PROFIS Engineering
1+ calculations for tension eccentricity with respect to the y direction are as follows:
3hef
• Calculate the distance in the y direction (ec2,N) between this load and the
determining the eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.2.4) and for the calculation of Ncbg according to •C
alculate a modification factor for tension eccentricity (ψec2,N) with respect to
Eq. (17.4.2.1b). the y direction
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two axes, the modification factor, ψec,N , shall be If the resultant tension load acting on the anchorage is eccentric with respect to
calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,N in Eq. (17.4.2.1b). both the x and y directions; PROFIS Engineering calculates the eccentricity for
for eccentricity per ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.2.4
information on:

with respect to the y direction when calculating concrete breakout strength in
tension.
1
ψec2,Na = = 0.86
(2) (1.67”)
1+
(3) (7.0”)

Variables ca,min
ca,min 17.4.2.1 …….. ANc is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor or group of anchors that ca,min is defined as the “minimum distance from the center of an anchor shaft to
shall be approximated as the base of the rectilinear geometrical figure that results from projecting the edge of concrete.” When one or more fixed edges are modeled in PROFIS
the failure surface outward 1.5hef from the centerlines of the anchor, or in the case of a group of Engineering, the report will show the smallest fixed edge as “ca,min” in the Variables
anchors, from a line through a row of adjacent anchors…….. section.
17.4.2.1 …….. ANc0 is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor with an edge distance Excerpted ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions and equations that include
greater than 1.5hef . ca,min for calculating concrete breakout strength in tension are shown to the left.
Reference the parameters ANc and ANc0 in the Equations section of the PROFIS
A Nc0 = 9hef2 (17.4.2.1c) Engineering report for more information on the following parameters:
ca1: Distance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in
17.4.2.5 The modification factor for edge effects for single anchors or anchor groups loaded in one direction (e.g. the x+ direction). For tension calculations, ca1 is the
tension, ψed,N , shall be calculated as smallest fixed edge distance
If ca,min ≥ 1.5hef, then ψed,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.5a) ca2: Distance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in a
direction perpendicular to ca1 (e.g. the y+ direction)
ca,min Reference the parameters ψed,N and ψcp,N in the Equations and Calculations
If ca,min < 1.5hef, then ψed,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.5a)
sections of the PROFIS Engineering report for more information on how ca,min is
cNa
used to calculate these parameters.
17.4.2.7 The modification factor for post-installed anchors designed for uncracked concrete in
calculated as follows using the critical distance cac as defined in 17.7.6
If ca,min ≥ cac, then ψcp,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.7a)
ca,min
cac

Variables ψc,N
ψc,N 17.4.2.6 For anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no cracking ψc,N , is a modification factor for cracked or uncracked concrete conditions.
at service load levels, the following modification factor shall be permitted: Concrete cracks when tensile stresses in the concrete imposed by loads or
restraint conditions exceed its tensile strength. Concrete is typically assumed to
(a) ψc,N = 1.25 for cast-in anchors crack under service load conditions. ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions
(b) ψc,N = 1.4 for post-installed anchors, where the value of kc used in Eq. (17.4.2.2a) is 17 assume cracked concrete as the baseline condition for designing cast-in-place and
post-installed anchors, since cracks in the anchor vicinity can result in a reduced
N b = λ a kc f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a) ultimate load capacity and increased displacement at ultimate load, compared to
uncracked concrete conditions. Uncracked concrete conditions can be assumed
Where the value of kc used in Eq. (17.4.2.2a) is taken from the ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4 product if it can be shown that cracking of the concrete at service load levels will not occur
evaluation report for post-installed anchors showed compliance for use in both cracked and over the anchor service life. PROFIS Engineering defaults to cracked concrete
uncracked concrete, the values of kc and ψc,N , shall be based on the ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4 product conditions.
evaluation report.
When a cast-in-place anchor is selected for cracked concrete conditions, PROFIS
Engineering sets ψc,N equal to 1.0 when calculating the nominal concrete breakout
Where the value of kc used in Eq. (17.4.2.2a) is taken from the ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4 product
strength in tension (Ncb or Ncbg). If uncracked concrete conditions are selected,
evaluation report for post-installed anchors showed compliance for use in uncracked concrete,
PROFIS Engineering sets ψc,N equal to 1.25.
ψc,N , shall be taken as 1.0.
When a post-installed anchor is selected, PROFIS Engineering uses the kc-value
When analysis indicates cracking at service load levels, ψc,N , shall be taken as 1.0 for both cast-in for cracked or uncracked concrete (depending on the condition selected) derived
anchors and post-installed anchors. Post-installed anchors shall be shown compliance for use in from testing per ACI 355.2/AC193 (mechanical anchor) or ACI 355.4/AC308
cracked concrete in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4. The cracking in the concrete shall (adhesive anchor system) to calculate the basic concrete breakout strength (Nb)
be controlled by flexural reinforcement distributed in accordance with 24.3.2, or equivalent crack per Eq. (17.4.2.2a). PROFIS Engineering always sets ψc,N equal to 1.0 for a post-
control shall be provided by confining reinforcement. installed anchor.
information on the coefficient for basic concrete breakout strength (kc).
Reference the Equations and Calculations sections for more information on the
basic concrete breakout strength (Nb).

Variables cac
c ac 17.4.2.7 The modification factor for post-installed anchors designed for uncracked concrete in ψcp,N is a modification factor that considers splitting failure when calculating the
accordance with 17.4.2.6 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,N , shall be nominal concrete breakout strength in tension (Ncb or Ncbg) for a post-installed
calculated as follows using the critical distance cac as defined in 17.7.6 anchor. ψcp,N is only considered when designing post-installed mechanical or
adhesive anchors installed in uncracked concrete. Concrete cracks when tensile
If ca,min ≥ cac, then ψcp,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.7a) stresses in the concrete imposed by loads or restraint conditions exceed its tensile
strength. ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions assume cracked concrete as
the baseline condition for designing anchors. Uncracked concrete conditions can
ca,min be assumed if it can be shown that cracking of the concrete at service load levels
cac will not occur over the anchor service life. PROFIS Engineering defaults to cracked
concrete conditions.
concrete without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting.”
edge distance cac shall not be taken less than:
Adhesive anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2hef Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193 and the ACI test standard
Undercut anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5hef ACI 355.2 is used to derive cac values for mechanical anchors. Values derived from
Torque-controlled expansion anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4hef this testing are provided in an ICC-ESR.
Displacement-controlled expansion anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4hef
Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard
Example: ACI 355.4 is used to derive cac values for adhesive anchor systems. cac for adhesive
anchor systems is calculated using the effective embedment depth (hef), and
Example of critical edge distance requirements given in a mechanical anchor approval.
characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete (тk,uncr).
ICC-ES ECR-1917 Table 3
Nominal anchor diameter (in.)
The cac-values for post-installed anchors noted in ACI 318-14 Section 17.7.6 are
Design
information
Symbol Units only intended to be used as “guide values” in the absence of cac values derived
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
from product-specific testing. PROFIS Engineering always uses the cac-value that
Effective min. is given (mechanical anchor) or calculated (adhesive anchor system) in the ICC-ES
hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
Min. member
hmin in. 3-1/4 4 5 5 4 6 6 8 5 6 8 5-1/2 6 8 8
thickness Reference the Equations and Calculations sections of the PROFIS Engineering
Critical edge report for more information on the parameter ψcp,N .
c ac in. 6 4-3/8 4 4-1/8 5-1/2 4-1/2 7-1/2 6 6-1/2 8-3/4 6-3/4 12 10 8 9
distance
information on the parameter hef.
Example: Reference the Variables section for bond strength in the PROFIS Engineering
Example of critical edge distance requirements given in an adhesive anchor approval. Reference report for more information on the parameter тk,uncr.
ICC-ESR-3187 Section 4.1.10.2.
4.1.10.2 Threaded Rod, Steel Reinforcing Bars, and Hilti HIS-N and HIS-RN Inserts: The
D.5.5 as applicable, except as noted below.
For all cases where cNa/cac < 1.0, ψcp,Na determined from ACI 318-14 Eq. 17.4.5.5b or ACI 318-11 Eq.
D-27, as applicable, need not be taken less than cNa/cac. For all other cases ψcp,Na shall be taken as 1.0.

Variables cac (continued)

c ac The critical edge distance cac must be calculated according to Eq. 17.4.5.5c for ACI 318-14 or Eq.
0.4
тk,uncr h
cac = hef ⁎ 3.1–0.7
1160 hef
where
h
hef

k uncr hef f´c
πd

Variables kc
kc 17.4.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension in cracked concrete, Nb, The “basic concrete breakout strength” (Nb) corresponds to a calculated concrete
shall not exceed breakout strength for a single anchor without any fixed edge or spacing influences.
The parameter “coefficient for the basic concrete breakout strength in tension”
N b = λ a kc f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a) (kc) defaults to a value of 24 for cast-in-place anchors, corresponding to cracked
concrete conditions. PROFIS Engineering always uses a kc-value of 24 for cast-in-
where kc = 24 for cast-in anchors and 17 for post-installed anchors. place anchors installed at an effective embedment depth (hef) less than 11 in, for
both cracked and uncracked concrete conditions. When designing cast-in-place
The value of kc for post-installed anchors shall be permitted to be increased above 17 based on anchors in uncracked concrete, the modification factor ψc,n can be increased from
ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4 product-specific tests, but shall not exceed 24. a value of 1.0 (cracked concrete conditions) to a value of 1.25 (uncracked concrete
conditions).
The default kc-value of 17 noted for post-installed mechanical anchors and
adhesive anchor systems in ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.2.2 is only intended to be
used as “guide value” in the absence of kc values derived from product-specific
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 (17.4.2.2b)
testing. kc values for mechanical anchors can be derived from testing per the
ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2.
Example: kc values for adhesive anchor systems can be derived from testing per the ICC-ES
Example of kc-values given in a mechanical anchor approval. acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. These
kc values are specific to either cracked or uncracked concrete conditions; are
ICC-ESR-1917 Table 3 relevant to the effective embedment depth range for the anchor; and are provided
in an ICC-ESR. PROFIS Engineering uses the kc-value that is given in the ICC-ES
DESIGN Nominal anchor diameter (in.)
Symbol Units evaluation report for a post-installed anchor to calculate Nb per Eq. (17.4.2.2a)
INFORMATION 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
Effective min. For cast-in-place headed studs and headed bolts installed at an embedment depth
h ef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4 range
embedment
Effectiveness factor 11 in < hef < 25 in
kuncr for uncracked 24
concrete kc equals 16 per Eq. (17.4.2.2b). kc = 16 corresponds to cracked concrete
Effectiveness factor conditions. When designing cast-in-place anchors in uncracked concrete per
kcr for cracked 17 Eq. (17.4.2.2b); the modification factor ψc,n can be increased from a value of 1.0
concrete (cracked concrete conditions) to a value of 1.25 (uncracked concrete conditions).
studs and headed bolts with an embedment depth
Example:
Example of kc-values given in an adhesive anchor system approval. 11 in < hef < 25 in
are being modeled. The report will show the kc-value as 16.
Nominal anchor diameter (in.) Reference the Equations and Calculations sections of the PROFIS Engineering
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units 3/8 or
report for more information on the parameter Nb.
1/2 or 5/8 or 3/4 or 7/8 or 1 or 1-1/4 or
#9
#3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #10 Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Effectiveness factor k uncr for
kc,cr in-lb 17
information on the parameter ψc,n.
cracked concrete
Effectiveness factor for
kc,uncr in-lb 24
uncracked concrete
Minimum embedment hef,min in. 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5
Maximum embedment hef,max in. 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/2 20 22-1/2 25

Variables λa
λa 17.2.6 Modification factor λa for lightweight concrete shall be taken as: λa is a modification factor for lightweight concrete that is used to calculate the
“basic concrete breakout strength in tension” (Nb) per Eq. (17.4.2.2a) or Eq.
Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 λ (17.4.2.2b). Generally speaking, ACI 318 applies a multiplier to the parameter √f´c to
Expansion and adhesive anchor concrete failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8λ “account for the properties of lightweight concrete”, and designates this parameter
Adhesive anchor bond failure per Eq. (17.4.5.2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 λ “λ”. The parameter “λa” is a modification of “λ” that specifically “accounts for
the properties of lightweight concrete” with respect to anchoring-to-concrete
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4. It shall be permitted to use an alternative value of calculations, hence the subscript “a” in “λa”. Per Section 17.2.6, the modification
λa where tests have been performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4. factor λ, determined per the provisions of Section 19.2.4, is multiplied by an
additional factor that is specific to the type of anchor being used, to obtain the
19.2.4 Lightweight concrete parameter λa .
19.2.4.1 To account for the properties of lightweight concrete, a modification factor λ is used as a
multiplier of √f´c in all applicable provisions of this Code. Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193 in
19.2.4.2 The value of λ shall be based on the composition of the aggregate in the concrete mixture conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2.
in accordance with Table 19.2.4.2 or as permitted in 19.2.4.3. Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance under the
International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308
Table 19.2.4.2 — Modification factor λ in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. λa provisions for a specific post-
Concrete Composition of Aggregates λ installed anchor are derived from this testing and will be given in the ICC-ESR for
Fine: ASTM C330 the anchor. For post-installed anchor design, PROFIS Engineering uses a λa-value
All-lightweight 0.75 as referenced in the ICC-ESR provisions for the anchor. These ICC-ESR provisions
Coarse: ASTM C330
Fine: Combination of ASTM C330 and 33
typically correspond to the ACI 318 provisions for λa .
Lightweight, fine blend 0.75 to 0.85 {1]
Coarse: ASTM C330
PROFIS Engineering users can input a λ-value based on the properties of the
Fine: ASTM C33 lightweight concrete being used in the application. Any λ-value between 0.75 and
Coarse: ASTM C330 1.0 can be input. Per ACI 318 provisions for determining λa , when designing cast-
0.85 to 1 [2] in-place anchors and post-installed undercut anchors, PROFIS Engineering uses
course blend Coarse: Combination of ASTM C330 and 33 the λ-value that has been input, for the λa-value to calculate Nb. When designing
Fine: ASTM C33 post-installed expansion and adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering multiplies
Normal weight 1
Coarse: ASTM C33 the λ-value that has been input by a factor of 0.8 (expansion and adhesive anchor
1 L inear interopolation of 0.75 to 0.85 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal weight fine friction aggregate concrete failure) or 0.6 (adhesive anchor bond failure), for the λa-value to calculate
as a fraction of the total absolute volume of fine aggregate. Nb. Therefore, the PROFIS Engineering λa-value for calculating Nb, when designing
2 L inear interopolation of 0.85 to 1 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal weight coarse friction aggregate
as a fraction of the total absolute volume of coarse aggregate. cast-in-place and undercut anchors, will equal the λ-value that has been input.
Likewise, the PROFIS Engineering λa-value for calculating Nb, when designing
expansion and adhesive anchors, will equal 0.8λ since the parameter Nb is relevant
19.2.4.3 If the measured average splitting tensile strength of lightweight concrete, fct , is used to to concrete failure.
calculate λ, laboratory tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM C330 to establish the
value of fct and the corresponding value of fcm and λ shall be calculated by: Reference the Equations and Calculations sections of the PROFIS Engineering
fct 1.5
λ = ≤ 1.0 (19.2.4.3)
6.7 fcm
The concrete mixture tested in order to calculate λ shall be representative of that to be used in the
Work.
17.4.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension in cracked concrete, Nb,
shall not exceed
N b = λ a kc f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a)

Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 (17.4.2.2b)

Variables f´c
f´c 17.2.7 The values of f´c used for calculation purposes in this chapter shall not exceed 10,000 psi f´c is a parameter used to define concrete compressive strength. This parameter
for cast-in anchors, and 8000 psi for post-installed anchors. Testing is required for post-installed is used to calculate the “basic concrete breakout strength in tension” (Nb) when
anchors when used in concrete with f´c greater than 8000 psi. calculating the nominal concrete breakout strength in tension (Ncb or Ncbg).
17.4.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension in cracked concrete, Nb, Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
shall not exceed International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193 in
conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2.
N b = λ a kc f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a) Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance under the
where kc = 24 for cast-in anchors and 17 for post-installed anchors. in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. f´c provisions for a specific post-
installed anchor are derived from this testing and will be given in the ICC-ESR for
The value of kc for post-installed anchors shall be permitted to be increased above 17 based on the anchor. PROFIS Engineering uses these f´c provisions for post-installed anchor
ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4 product-specific tests, but shall not exceed 24. design. The post-installed anchor portfolio in PROFIS Engineering is limited to
installation in concrete having a specified compressive strength between 2500 psi
Alternatively, for cast-in headed studs and headed bolts with 11 in. < hef < 25 in., Nb, shall not and 8500 psi, and design using an
exceed f´c-value less than or equal to 8000 psi. Reference the ICC-ESR for f´c information
specific to a post-installed anchor.
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 (17.4.2.2b)
PROFIS Engineering users can input an f´c-value within the range 2500 psi < f´c <
8500 psi for post-installed anchor design. The maximum f´c-value for calculations
will be limited to 8000 psi.
10,000 psi for cast-in-place anchor design. The maximum f’c-value for calculations
will be limited to 10,000 psi.


Calculations ANc
A Nc 17.4.2.1 …….. ANc is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor or group of anchors that ANc is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence assumed to
shall be approximated as the base of the rectilinear geometrical figure that results from projecting develop in concrete when a tension load is applied to a single anchor or a group of
the failure surface outward 1.5hef from the centerlines of the anchor, or in the case of a group of anchors. ANc is calculated with the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have
anchors, from a line through a row of adjacent anchors…….. been input into the PROFIS Engineering file.
17.7.1 Unless determined in accordance with 17.7.4, minimum center-to-center spacing of anchors The model used to define ANc limits the maximum edge distance for calculation
shall be 4da for cast-in-anchors that will not be torqued, and 6da for torqued cast-in-anchors and purposes to a projected distance of 1.5hef from the anchor. PROFIS Engineering will use
post-installed anchors. a projected distance of 1.5hef from an anchor to define an outer edge of the area defined
by ANc when the fixed edge distance is greater than 1.5hef, or the edge is infinite.
17.7.2 Unless determined in accordance with 17.7.4, minimum edge distances for cast-in anchors For cast-in-place anchor design, PROFIS Engineering limits the minimum
that will not be torqued shall be based on specified cover requirements for reinforcement in 20.6.1. spacing and edge distance to a value defined by the requirements given in ACI
For cast-in anchors that will be torqued, the minimum edge distances shall be 6da . 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions. Post-installed mechanical anchors can
be shown compliance under the International Building Code via testing per the
17.7.3 Unless determined in accordance with 17.7.4, minimum edge distances for post-installed ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2.
anchors shall be based on the greater of specified cover requirements for reinforcement in 20.6.1, Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance under the
or minimum edge distance requirements for the products as determined by tests in accordance International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308
with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4, and shall not be less than twice the maximum aggregate size. In the in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. For post-installed anchor design,
absence of product-specific ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4 test information, the minimum edge distance PROFIS Engineering uses the minimum spacing and edge distance parameters
shall not be less than: derived from AC193/ACI 355.2 or AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as given in the ICC-
Adhesive anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6da ICC-ESR for the anchor. PROFIS Engineering will not perform ANc calculations
Undercut anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6da using spacing or edge distance values that are less than the minimum values
Torque-controlled anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8da permitted for a particular anchor.
Displacement-controlled anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10da The model used to define ANc limits the maximum spacing for cast-in-place and
17.7.4 For anchors where installation does not produce a splitting force that will not be torqued, if post-installed anchors to a projected distance of 1.5hef on either side of the anchor
the edge distance or spacing is less than those specified in 17.7.1 to 17.7.3, calculations shall be in both the x and y directions. Therefore, PROFIS Engineering considers anchors
performed by substituting for da a smaller value da´ that meets the requirements of 17.7.1 to 17.7.3. spaced greater than 3.0hef from one another in either the x or y direction to not act
Calculated forces applied to the anchor shall be limited to the values corresponding to an anchor as a group with respect to that spacing, and calculations for ANc do not consider
having a diameter of da´. this spacing. Instead, PROFIS Engineering will use a projected distance of 1.5hef to
define the outer edge of ANc for the anchor or anchor group being considered.
Example: The figure below illustrates how ANc is calculated for a group of four anchors in
Example of minimum edge distance and spacing requirements given in a mechanical anchor approval. tension with fixed edge distances equal to ca1 and ca2 , spacing parameters equal to
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 3 s1 and s2 , and infinite edges in the +x and -y directions.
DESIGN Nominal Anchor Diameter (in).
Symbol Units
Min. edge c min in. 8 2-1/2 2-1/2 2-3/4 2-3/8 3-5/8 3-1/4 9-1/2 4-3/4 4-1/8
distance for s ≥ in. 8 5 5 5-3/4 5-3/4 6-1/8 5-7/8 5 10-1/2 8-7/8
Min. anchor s min in. 8 2-1/2 2.5 2-3/4 2-3/8 3-1/2 3 5 5 4

spacing for c ≥ in. 8 3-5/8 3.625 4-1/8 3-1/2 4-3/4 4-1/4 9-1/2 9-1/2 7-3/4
Example:
Example of minimum edge distance and spacing requirements given in an adhesive anchor system ANc = (ca1 + s1 + 1.5hef) (ca2 + s2 + 1.5hef)
approval. where: cmin ≤ (ca1 and ca2) ≤ 1.5hef
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 12 smin ≤ (s1 and s2) ≤ 3.0hef
DESIGN Nominal Rod Diameter (in). Post-installed anchor values for cmin and smin are established via testing and can
Symbol Units
INFORMATION 3/8 or #3 1/2 or #4 5/8 or #5 3/4 or #6 7/8 or #7 1 or #8 #9 be referenced in the ICC-ESR for the anchor.
Min. anchor spacing s min in. 1-7/8 2-1/2 3-1/8 3-3/4 4-3/8 5 5-5/8
Min. edge distance information on hef.
cmin in. 1-3/4 1-3/4 2 2-1/8 2-1/4 2-3/4 n/a
(Threaded rods)
Min. edge distance 5d; or see Section 4.1.9.2 of this report for design with reduced Reference the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
c min -
(Reinforcing bars) minimum edge distances information on ANc.

Calculations ANc0
A Nc0 =9hef 2
17.4.2.1 …….. ANc0 is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor with an edge distance ANc0 is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence assumed to
equal to or greater than 1.5hef . develop in concrete when a tension load is applied to a single anchor without
the influence of any fixed edges. ANc0 is calculated with the effective embedment
A Nc0 =9hef2 (17.4.2.1c) depth of the anchor (hef) input into the PROFIS Engineering file. ANc0 is always
defined as a square that has sides equal to 3.0hef. The length of the side in the x
17.7.5 Unless determined from tests in accordance with ACI 355.2, the value of hef for an expansion direction corresponds to a projected distance of 1.5hef from the anchor in the +x
or undercut post-installed anchor shall not exceed the greater of 2/3 of the member thickness, ha , and -x directions. The length of side in the y direction corresponds to a projected
and the member thickness minus 4 in. distance of 1.5hef from the anchor in the +y and -y directions.
Example: For cast-in-place anchor design, PROFIS Engineering uses the following
embedment depth and concrete thickness parameters:
Example of embedment depth and concrete thickness requirements given in a mechanical anchor
approval. embedment depth (hef)
4da < hef < 25 in
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 3 da = nominal anchor diameter
DESIGN Nominal Anchor Diameter (in). minimum concrete thickness (hmin)
Symbol Units
INFORMATION 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 hmin = hef + th + 0.375 in
Effective th = anchor head thickness
minimum hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment Values for th are taken from product data for ASTM F1554 hex, heavy hex, square
and heavy square bolts; and from AWS D1.1 headed studs.
Minimum
member hmin in. 3-1/4 4 5 5 4 6 6 8 5 6 8 5-1/2 6 8 8 Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the International
thickness
Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193 in conjunction
with the ACI standard ACI 355.2. Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be
Example: shown compliance under the International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES
acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. For post-
Example of embedment depth and concrete thickness requirements given in an adhesive anchor installed anchor design, PROFIS Engineering uses the embedment depth and concrete
system approval. thickness parameters derived from AC193/ACI 355.2 or AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as
given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor.
PROFIS Engineering will not perform calculations for an anchor if the embedment
DESIGN depth or concrete thickness are outside the limits noted above.
Symbol Units 3/8 or 1/2 or 5/8 or 3/4 or 7/8or 1 or 1/4 or
INFORMATION #9
#3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #10 The figure below illustrates how ANc0 is calculated.
Minimum
h ef,min in. 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5
embedment
Maximum
hef,max in. 7-1/2 10 12.5 15 17-1/2 20 22.5 25
embedment
Maximum
concrete hmin - hef + 1-1/4 hef + 2d 0
thickness
ANc0 = (1.5hef + 1.5hef) (1.5hef + 1.5hef)

= (9.0hef)2
information on hef.
information on ANc0 .

Calculations ψec1,N
ψec1,N 17.4.2.4 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,N shall be When calculating nominal concrete breakout strength for a group of anchors in
calculated as tension (Ncbg), ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions designate the modification
factor for tension eccentricity “ψec,N”. Per Section 17.4.2.4, tension eccentricity
can be considered with respect to the x and y directions. PROFIS Engineering
1 designates the modification factor for tension eccentricity in the x direction
ψec,N = (17.4.2.4)
2e´N “ψec1,N”. The parameter ec1,N is a PROFIS Engineering parameter to define tension
1+ eccentricity with respect to the x direction using Eq. (17.4.2.4). PROFIS Engineering
3hef calculations for tension eccentricity with respect to the x direction are as follows:

•C
alculate the distance in the x direction (ec1,N) between this load and the
determining the eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.2.4) and for the calculation of Ncbg according to
Eq. (17.4.2.1b). • Calculate a modification factor for tension eccentricity (ψec1,N) with respect to
the x direction
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two axes, the modification factor, ψec,N , shall be
calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,N in Eq. (17.4.2.1b). If the resultant tension load acting on the anchorage is eccentric with respect to
both the x and y directions; PROFIS Engineering calculates the eccentricity for
for eccentricity per ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.2.4.
information on:

ec2,N: Parameter for tension eccentricity with respect to the y direction

with respect to the x direction when calculating concrete breakout strength in
tension.
1
ψec1,Na = = 0.79
(2) (2.75”)
1+
(3) (7.0”)

ψec2,N 17.4.2.4 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,N shall be When calculating nominal concrete breakout strength for a group of anchors in
calculated as tension (Ncbg), ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions designate the modification
factor for tension eccentricity “ψec,N”. Per Section 17.4.2.4, tension eccentricity
1 can be considered with respect to the x and y directions. PROFIS Engineering
ψec,N = (17.4.2.4)
2e´N designates the modification factor for tension eccentricity in the y direction
1+ “ψec2,N”. The parameter ec2,N is a PROFIS Engineering parameter to define tension
3hef eccentricity with respect to the y direction using Eq. (17.4.2.4). PROFIS Engineering
calculations for tension eccentricity with respect to the y direction are as follows:
but ψec,N shall not be taken greater than 1.0. If the loading on an anchor group is such that only • Calculate a resultant tension load acting on the anchors
•C
alculate the distance in the y direction (ec2,N) between this load and the
Eq. (17.4.2.1b).
•C
alculate a modification factor for tension eccentricity (ψec2,N) with respect to
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two axes, the modification factor, ψec,N , shall be the y direction
calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,N in Eq. (17.4.2.1b).
If the resultant tension load acting on the anchorage is eccentric with respect to
both the x and y directions; PROFIS Engineering calculates the eccentricity for
direction). ψec1,N and ψec2,N are multiplied together to give a total modification
factor for eccentricity per ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.2.4
information on:

with respect to the y direction when calculating concrete breakout strength in
tension.
1
ψec2,Na = = 0.86
(2) (1.67”)
1+
(3) (7.0”)

Calculations ψed,N
17.4.2.5 The modification factor for edge effects for single anchors or anchor groups loaded in ψed,N is a modification factor that is used to account for fixed edge distances less
ca,min
ψed,N = 0.7 + 0.3 ≤1.0 tension, ψed,N , shall be calculated as than 1.5hef. The parameter hef corresponds to the effective embedment depth that
1.5hef has been selected for the anchor being modeled in PROFIS Engineering. When
If ca,min ≥ 1.5hef, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.2.5a) calculating the nominal concrete breakout strength in tension (Ncb or Ncbg), the
model used to define the projected concrete failure area (ANc) limits the maximum
edge distance for calculation purposes to a projected distance of 1.5hef from the
ca,min anchors in tension. PROFIS Engineering will use a projected distance of 1.5hef from
cNa an anchor, or row of anchors, to define an outer edge of the area defined by ANc
when the fixed edge distance from the anchor(s) is greater than 1.5hef, or the edge
is infinite.
ψed,N is calculated whenever a fixed edge distance from an anchor(s) in tension is

less than 1.5hef. The parameter ca,min in the ψed,N equation corresponds to a fixed
edge distance less than 1.5h ef. ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions define
ca,min as the “minimum distance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of
concrete”. When more than one fixed edge distance is less than 1.5hef, the smallest
value is input as ca,min, and used to calculate ψed,N .
The illustration below shows how the projected concrete failure area (ANc) would
be defined for an anchoring application being modeled with two fixed edges (ca1
and ca2) that are both less than 1.5hef, and with ca1 being less than ca2 . The smallest
edge distance (ca1) corresponds to the parameter ca,min, that would be used to
calculate the modification factor ψed,N .
ψed,N = 0.7 + 0.3 (ca1 / 1.5hef)
ca,min: Parameter for the smallest fixed edge being modeled
hef: Parameter for anchor effective embedment depth

Calculations ψcp,N
17.4.2.7 The modification factor for post-installed anchors designed for uncracked concrete in ψcp,N is a modification factor that considers splitting failure when calculating the
ca,min 1.5hef
ψcp,N = MAX , ≤1.0 accordance with 17.4.2.6 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,N , shall be nominal concrete breakout strength in tension (Ncb or Ncbg) for a post-installed
cac cac calculated as follows using the critical distance c ac as defined in 17.7.6 anchor. The parameter ψcp,N is only considered when designing post-installed
mechanical or adhesive anchors installed in uncracked concrete. Splitting failure
If ca,min ≥ 1.5cac, then ψcp,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.7a) will typically not occur for cast-in-place anchors; therefore, ψcp,N is always shown
equal to 1.0 in PROFIS Engineering when modeling cast-in-place anchors.
Likewise, since splitting failure is only considered relevant to uncracked concrete
ca,min conditions, ψcp,N is always shown equal to 1.0 in PROFIS Engineering when
cac modeling cast-in-place or post-installed anchors for cracked concrete conditions.
but ψcp,N determined from Eq. (17.4.2.7b) shall not be taken less than 1.5h ef /c ac, where the critical
distance c ac is defined in 17.7.6.
concrete without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting.” ψcp,N will be
17.4.2.6 For anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no
hown equal to 1.0 in PROFIS Engineering if the smallest fixed edge distance (ca,min)
cracking at service load levels……………..
is greater than or equal to cac. Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193
and the ACI test standard ACI 355.2 is used to derive cac values for mechanical
anchors. Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test
edge distance c ac shall not be taken less than:
standard ACI 355.4 is used to derive cac values for adhesive anchor systems.
Adhesive anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2hef
cac values derived from this testing are provided in an ICC-ESR. ACI 318-14 Section
Undercut anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5hef
17.7.6 provides cac-values for post-installed anchors; however, these values are
Torque-controlled expansion anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4hef
only intended to be used as “guide values” in the absence of cac values derived
Displacement-controlled expansion anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4hef
from product-specific testing. PROFIS Engineering uses the cac-value that is given
in the ICC-ES evaluation report for an anchor to calculate ψcp,N .
Example:
Example of critical edge distance requirements given in a mechanical anchor approval. The value for ψcp,N that PROFIS Engineering calculates will be limited to
MAXIMUM {ca,min /cac : 1.5hef/cac}

Nominal anchor diameter (in.) where ca,min is the smallest fixed edge distance less than cac and hef is the effective
DESIGN
INFORMATION
Symbol Units embedment depth that has been selected for the anchor being modeled.
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
Effective min. Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment information on the following parameters:
Min. member
thickness
hmin in. 3 1/4 4 5 5 4 6 6 8 5 6 8 5-1/2 6 8 8 ca,min: The smallest fixed edge distance being modeled.
Critical edge
c ac in. 6 4-3/8 4 4-1/8 5-1/2 4-1/2 7-1/2 6 6-1/2 8-3/4 6-3/4 12 10 8 9
distance the anchor being modeled.
hef:
Example: modeled.
Example of critical edge distance requirements given in an adhesive anchor approval. Reference the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
ICC-ESR-Table 12
DESIGN
Symbol Units 3/8 or 1/2 or 5/8 or 3/4 or 7/8 or 1 or 1/4 or
INFORMATION #9
#3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #10
Critical edge distance
— splitting (for c ac - See Section 4.10.2 of this report.
uncracked concrete)

Calculations Nb = kc λa
N b = kc λ a f´c hef 1.5 17.4.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension in cracked concrete, ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for concrete breakout strength in
N b, shall not exceed tension require calculation of various modification factors corresponding to area of
influence (ANc/ANc0), eccentricity (ψec,N), edge distance (ψed,N), cracked or uncracked
N b = kc λ a f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a) concrete ψc,N), and splitting (ψcp,N); and then multiplying these factors by what is
termed the “basic concrete breakout strength in tension” (Nb) to obtain a “nominal
where kc = 24 for cast-in anchors and 17 for post-installed anchors. concrete breakout strength in tension” (Ncb or Ncbg).
The parameter Nb corresponds to a calculated concrete breakout strength for

“coefficient for the basic concrete breakout strength in tension” (kc) defaults
conditions. PROFIS Engineering always uses a kc-value of 24 for cast-in-place
anchors installed at an effective embedment depth (hef) less than 11 in, for both
cracked and uncracked concrete conditions. When designing cast-in-place
anchors in uncracked concrete, the modification factor ψc,n can be increased from
conditions).
The default kc-value noted for post-installed mechanical anchors and adhesive
that testing per the ACI test standards ACI 355.2 and ACI 355.4 can be used
the ACI standard ACI 355.2. kc values for adhesive anchor systems can be derived
from testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI
concrete conditions; are relevant to the effective embedment depth range for the
anchor; and are provided in an ICC-ESR. PROFIS Engineering uses the kc-value
that is given in the ICC-ES evaluation report for a post-installed anchor to calculate
Nb.
hef:
modeled

Calculations Nb = 16 λa
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 17.4.2.2 …………………………………………………. Alternatively, for cast-in headed studs and headed ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for concrete breakout strength in
bolts with tension require calculation of various modification factors corresponding to area of
11 in. < h ef < 25 in., N b, shall not exceed influence (ANc/ANc0), eccentricity (ψec,N), edge distance (ψed,N), cracked or uncracked
concrete (ψc,N), and splitting (ψcp,N); and then multiplying these factors by what is
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 (17.4.2.2b) termed the “basic concrete breakout strength in tension” (Nb) to obtain a “nominal
concrete breakout strength in tension” (Ncb or Ncbg).
The parameter Nb corresponds to a calculated concrete breakout strength for a

for calculating Nb is defined as Eq. (17.4.2.2a) in ACI 318-14. This equation is written
as:
N b = kc λ a f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a)

Nb when designing cast-in-place headed studs and headed bolts installed at an
embedment depth within the range 11 in < hef < 25 in. This case is defined in ACI
318-14 by Eq. (17.4.2.2b). The “coefficient for the basic concrete breakout strength
in tension” (kc) equals 16 in Eq. (17.4.2.2b), and the effective embedment depth
(hef) is raised to the 5/3 power instead of being raised to the 1.5 power per Eq.
(17.4.2.2a). The provisions associated with use of Eq. (17.4.2.2b) are only relevant
for cast-in-place headed studs and headed bolts installed at an embedment depth
within the range 11 in < hef < 25 in.
kc = 16 corresponds to cracked concrete conditions. When designing cast-in-place

anchors in uncracked concrete per Eq. (17.4.2.2b); the modification factor ψc,n can
be increased from a value of 1.0 (cracked concrete conditions) to a value of 1.25
(uncracked concrete conditions).

studs and headed bolts with an embedment depth 11 in < hef < 25 in are being
modeled. The commentary R17.4.2.2 notes that concrete breakout calculations for
hef > 25 in per Equation (17.4.2.2b) could be unconservative. PROFIS Engineering
calculations for concrete breakout strength in tension limit the embedment depth
for both cast-in-place and post-installed anchors to a maximum value of 25 in.
λ a: Lightweight concrete modification factor
modeled

Results Ncb
Ncb 17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, Ncb of a single anchor …….. shall not ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for the nominal concrete breakout
exceed: strength of a single anchor in tension (Ncb) require calculation of various
(a) For a single anchor modification factors corresponding to area of influence (ANc/ANc0), edge distance
(ψed,N), cracked or uncracked concrete (ψc,N), and splitting (ψcp,N); and then
A Nc multiplying these factors by what is termed the “basic concrete breakout strength
Ncb = ψed,Na ψc,N ψcp,N Nb (17.4.2.1a)
A Nc0 in tension” (Nb) to obtain a “nominal concrete breakout strength in tension” (Ncb).
A Nc0: Area of influence for single anchor in tension
on:
Results ϕNcb
ϕNcb 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension check a calculated design
Failure Mode Single Anchor Ncb: Nominal concrete breakout strength in tension
Concrete Breakout Strength in Tension ϕNcb > N ua

Results Ncbg
Ncbg 17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, …….. Ncbg of a group of anchors, shall ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for the nominal concrete breakout
not exceed: strength of an anchor group in tension (Ncbg) require calculation of various
(b) For a group of anchors modification factors corresponding to area of influence (ANc/ANc0), eccentricity
(ψec,N), edge distance (ψed,N), cracked or uncracked concrete (ψc,N), and splitting
(ψcp,N); and then multiplying these factors by what is termed the “basic concrete
A Nc breakout strength in tension” (Nb) to obtain a “nominal concrete breakout strength
A Nc0 in tension” (Ncbg).
ANc0: Area of influence for single anchor in tension
ψec,N: Tension modification factor for eccentricity
on:
Results ϕNcbg
ϕNcbg 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension check a calculated design
Failure Mode Anchors as a Group Ncbg: Nominal concrete breakout strength in tension
Concrete Breakout Strength in Tension ϕNcbg > N ua

Results ϕconcrete
ϕconcrete 17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for concrete breakout failure in tension
combinations of 5.3 are used: require calculation of a nominal concrete breakout strength (Ncb or Ncbg). The
nominal strength is multiplied by one or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors)
(c) Anchor governed by concrete breakout, side-face blowout, pullout, or pryout strength
to obtain a design strength (ϕNcb or ϕNcbg). ϕ-factors are relevant to static and
Condition A Condition B seismic load conditions.
(ii) Tension loads Cast-in headed studs, headed bolts, or PROFIS Engineering designates the ϕ-factor corresponding to concrete breakout
0.75 0.70 failure for static load conditions “ϕconcrete”. When designing cast-in-place anchors,
hooked bolts
PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-actors given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3. The
ϕ-factors in Section 17.3.3 that are given for post-installed anchors are only
Post-installed anchors with category as determined from ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4
intended to be used as guide values in the absence of product-specific data.
Category 1 0.75 0.65 Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
(Low sensitivity to Installation and high reliability) International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193
in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2. Post-installed adhesive anchor
Category 2 0.65 0.55 systems can be shown compliance under the International Building Code via
(Medium sensitivity to Installation and medium reliability) testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI
standard ACI 355.4. When Condition B is selected as a post-installed anchor
Category 3 0.55 0.45 design parameter, PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors derived from AC193/
(High sensitivity to Installation and lower reliability) ACI 355.2 or AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor. The
ϕ-factors in the ICC-ESR correspond to Condition B.
PROFIS Engineering defaults to Condition B when calculating concrete breakout

Condition A applies where supplementary reinforcement is present except for pullout and pryout
strength in tension. If Condition A is selected as a design parameter for either
strengths.
cast-in-place or post-installed anchors, PROFIS Engineering uses the Condition
Condition B applies where supplementary reinforcement is not present and for pullout and pryout
A ϕ-factors given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3 to calculate the design concrete
strengths.
breakout strength in tension.
Example: PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 reduction factor noted in ACI 318-14
Example of a post-installed mechanical anchor strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) corresponding Section 17.2.3.4.4 for seismic load conditions “ϕ seismic”.
to concrete breakout failure in tension.
DESIGN Ncb or Ncbg: Nominal concrete breakout strength in tension
Symbol Units Nominal anchor diameter (in.)
INFORMATION
ϕNcb or ϕNcbg: Design concrete breakout strength in tension
Effective min. 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
embedment hef in.
1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4 ϕ seismic: Strength reduction factor for seismic tension
Strength reduction 0 factor for tension,
concrete failure modes, or pullout, 0.55 0.65
Condition B
Example:
Example of a post-installed adhesive anchor system strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor)
corresponding to concrete breakout failure in tension.
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units 3/8 or 1/2 or 5/8 or 3/4 or 7/8 or 1 or 1/4 or
#9
#3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #10
Strength reduction 0 factor for
tension, concrete failure modes, or ϕ - 0.65
pullout, Condition B

ϕnonductile ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for concrete breakout failure in tension
17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined require calculation of a nominal concrete breakout strength (Ncb or Ncbg). The
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the nominal strength is multiplied by one or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors)
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: to obtain a design strength (ϕNcb or ϕNcbg). ϕ-factors are relevant to static and
seismic load conditions.
(a) ϕ
N sa for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of
anchors PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 reduction factor noted in ACI 318-14
Section 17.2.3.4.4 for seismic load conditions “ϕ seismic”. This reduction is applied
.75ϕNcb or 0.75ϕNcbg except that Ncb or Ncbg need not be calculated where anchor
(b) 0 to non-steel failure modes when calculating tension design strengths for both
reinforcement satisfying 17.4.2.9 is provided cast-in-place and post-installed anchors using ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete
provisions.
(c) 0
.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor In a group of When using ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions to calculate the design
anchors concrete breakout strength in tension for cast-in-place and post-installed anchors,
the parameter “ϕconcrete” in the PROFIS Engineering report corresponds to the
(d) 0.75ϕN sb or 0.75ϕN sbg parameter “ϕ” shown in ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4.
(e) 0.75ϕN a or 0.75ϕNag The parameter “ϕ nonductile” is a reduction factor for seismic load conditions that
where ϕ is in accordance with 17.3.3. Appendix D. This reduction factor can range from a value of 0.4 to 1.0, depending
on the application, and PROFIS Engineering designates this factor “ϕ nonductile”.
ACI 318-08 Part D.3.3.6
D.3.3.6 – As an alternative to D.3.3.4 and D.3.3.5, it shall be permitted to take the design strength “ϕ nonductile” is not a relevant parameter for seismic design per ACI 318-14 Chapter
of the anchors as 0.4 times the design strength determined in accordance with D.3.3.3. For the 17; therefore, it is always referenced in the PROFIS Engineering report for ACI 318-
anchors of stud bearing walls, it shall be permitted to take the design strength of the anchors as 14 calculations as equal to 1.0.
0.5 times the design strength determined in accordance with D.3.3.3. Reference the PROFIS Engineering Design Guide for ACI 318-08 anchoring-to-
concrete provisions for more information on ϕ nonductile.

Results Nua
Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for concrete breakout failure in tension require
design of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors calculation of a nominal concrete breakout strength (N cb or Ncbg). The nominal strength
subject to sustained tensile loading. is multiplied by one or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design
strength (ϕN cb or ϕNcbg). ϕ-factors are relevant to static and seismic load conditions.
Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the tension failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 Design strength is checked against a factored tension load, defined by the parameter
anchoring-to-concrete provisions. “N ua”. Chapter 2 in ACI 318-14 gives the following definitions for the factored tension
load parameter “N ua”.
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 • N ua = f actored tensile force applied to anchor or individual anchor in a group of
anchors (lb)
Anchor Group • N ua,i = factored tensile force applied to most highly stressed anchor in a group of
Individual anchor Anchors as a anchors (lb)
in a Group group • N ua,g = total factored tensile force applied to anchor group (lb)
Steel strength in tension (17.4.1) ϕN sa ≥ Nua ϕN sa ≥ Nua,i The design concrete breakout strength for a single anchor in tension (ϕNcb) calculated
per Section 17.4.2 is checked against the factored tension load acting on the anchor,
ϕN cb ≥ Nua ϕN cbg ≥ Nua,g which is designated “N ua” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕNcb > N ua , the provisions for considering
(17.4.2)
concrete breakout failure in tension have been satisfied per Table 17.3.1.1.
The design concrete breakout strength for a group of anchors in tension (ϕN cbg)
ϕN sb ≥ Nua ϕN sbg ≥ Nua,g calculated per Section 17.4.2 is checked against the total factored tension load acting
tension (17.4.4)
on the anchors that are in tension, which is designated “N ua,g” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕNcbg
tension (17.4.5)
ϕNa ≥ Nua ϕNag ≥ Nua,g > N ua,g , the provisions for considering concrete breakout failure in tension have been
satisfied per Table 17.3.1.1.
The PROFIS Engineering report uses the generic designation “N ua” to define the
factored tension load being checked against the calculated design concrete breakout
strength ϕNcb or ϕNcbg. The PROFIS Engineering Load Engine permits users to input
service loads that will then be factored per IBC factored load equations. Users can
also import factored load combinations via a spreadsheet, or input factored load
combinations directly on the main screen. PROFIS Engineering users are responsible
for inputting tension loads. The software only performs tension load checks per Table
17.3.1.1 if tension loads have been input via one of the load input functionalities.
If a single anchor in tension is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates the

parameter ϕN cb, and checks this value against either (a) the factored tension load
acting on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input via the Load
Engine, (b) the factored tension load acting on the anchor, which has been calculated
using the loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the factored tension load acting on
the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input in the matrix on the main
screen. The value for N ua shown in the report corresponds to the factored tension load
determined to be acting on the anchor.
If a group of anchors in tension is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates the

parameter ϕN cbg, and checks this value against either (a) the total factored tension
load acting on the anchor group, which has been calculated using the loads input
via the Load Engine, (b) the total factored tension load acting on the anchor group,
which has been calculated using the loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the total
factored tension load acting on the anchor group, which has been calculated using
the loads input in the matrix on the main screen. The value for N ua shown in the report
corresponds to the total factored tension load determined to be acting on the anchor
group.
Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report
for more information on the parameters ϕN cb and ϕNcbg.

PART 3 TENSION LOAD Pullout Failure Mode
Equations Npn
cast-in anchors 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- Nominal pullout strength (N pn) is a possible tension failure mode for cast-in-place
Npn installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed anchors and post-installed mechanical anchors. Generally speaking, bond failure
is considered for adhesive anchor systems in lieu of pullout failure; however, the
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) Hilti adhesive anchor system “HIT-HY 200” includes a proprietary anchor element
known as a HIT-Z threaded rod, for which a nominal pullout strength is calculated
where ψc,P is defined in 17.4.3.6. in lieu of a nominal bond strength.
17.4.3.2 For post-installed expansion and undercut anchors, the values of N p shall be based on PROFIS Engineering calculates the nominal pullout strength (N pn) for the cast-in-
the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. It is not place anchors in its portfolio using Eq. (17.4.3.1).
permissible to calculate the pullout strength in tension for such anchors. The PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio includes the following
anchors:
• AWS D1.1 Type B headed studs
(1/2” – 7/8” nominal diameter)
• ASTM F1554 hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
(1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
• ASTM F1554 heavy hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
(1/2” – 2” nominal diameter)
• ASTM F1554 square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
• ASTM F1554 heavy square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
Section 17.4.3.2 notes that testing per the ACI test standard ACI 355.2 must be
used to derive the pullout strength of a single anchor (N p) for a post-installed
mechanical anchor (e.g. expansion or undercut anchor). Np is one of the
parameters used to calculate the nominal pullout strength (N pn). Mechanical
anchor N p-values can be derived from testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
AC193 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2. N p-values for HIT-Z
threaded rods used with HIT-HY 200 adhesive can be derived from testing per the
ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI standard
ACI 355.4. Post-installed anchor N p-values are provided in an ICC-ESR. PROFIS
Engineering uses the N p-values that are given in the ICC-ESR to calculate N pn for
relevant post-installed anchors in its portfolio.
The parameter ψc,p is a modification factor for cracked or uncracked concrete

conditions. PROFIS Engineering determines ψc,p per Section 17.4.3.6 for the
cast-in anchors in its portfolio. PROFIS Engineering always uses a ψc,p-value equal
to 1.0 when calculating N pn for the post-installed anchors in its portfolio.
When modeling cast-in anchors in PROFIS Engineering, reference the Equations

and Calculations section of the report for more information on the parameter
N p. Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the
parameter ψc,p.
When modeling post-installed anchors in PROFIS Engineering, Reference the

Equations section of the report for information on the following anchor-specific
pullout parameters:
• N pn,f´c if mechanical anchors are being modeled
• N pn if HIT-HY 200 with HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods is being modeled

Equations Np
cast-in anchors 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- The parameter “Np” in Eq. (17.4.3.1) is defined as the “pullout strength in tension”
Np = 8A brg f´c installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed for a single anchor. PROFIS Engineering calculates Np per Eq. (17.4.3.4) for the
cast-in anchors in its portfolio. The PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) portfolio is as follows:
17.4.3.3 For single cast-in headed studs and headed bolts, it shall be permitted to evaluate the • AWS D1.1 Type B headed studs
pullout strength in tension using 17.4.3.4. For single J- or L-bolts, it shall be permitted to evaluate (1/2” – 7/8” nominal diameter)
the pullout strength in tension using 17.4.3.5. Alternatively, it shall be permitted to use values of N p • ASTM F1554 hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
based on the 5 percent fractile of tests performed and evaluated in the same manner as the ACI (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
355.2 procedures but without the benefit of friction.
• ASTM F1554 heavy hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105 (
17.4.3.4 The pullout strength in tension of a single headed stud or headed bolt, Np, for use in Eq. 1/2” – 2” nominal diameter)
(17.4.3.1), shall not exceed
• ASTM F1554 square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
Np = 8A brg f´c (17.4.3.4) (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
• ASTM F1554 heavy square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
17.4.3.5 The pullout strength in tension of a single hooked bolt, N p, for use in Eq. (17.4.3.1), shall
not exceed Bearing area values (A brg) for these anchors are shown in the table to the left.
Cast-in J-bolts and L-bolts are not included in the PROFIS Engineering cast-in
Np = 0.9 f´c e h da (17.4.3.5) anchor portfolio. PROFIS Engineering only calculates Np per Eq. (17.4.3.4) for
cast-in anchors. Np for post-installed anchors is derived from testing.
Reference the Calculations section of the report for more information on the
Profis Engineering cast-in anchor portfolios for bearing area (A brg).
parameter Np.
Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area
Diameter Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the following
MATERIAL (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2)
(d 0) parameters:
SPECIFICATION Welded Square head Heavy Hex head Heavy hex
(in)
headed stud bolt square bolt bolt head bolt
0.500 0.589 • A brg — bearing area for a cast-in anchor
AWS D1.1 Type 0.625 0.920
• f´c — concrete compressive strength
B Headed Stud 0.750 0.785
0.875 0.884 PROFIS Engineering does not calculate Np per Eq. (17.4.3.4) for the post-installed
0.500 0.464 0.569 0.291 0.467
anchors in its portfolio. Np-values are derived from product-specific testing.
0.625 0.693 0.822 0.454 0.671
Reference the post-installed anchor report sections relevant to pullout strength in
0.750 0.824 1.210 0.654 0.911
0.875 1.121 1.465 0.891 1.188
tension for more information.
ASTM F1554
1.000 1.465 1.855 1.163 1.501
Headed Bolt
1.125 1.854 2.291 1.472 1.851
Gr. 36, Gr.55,
1.250 2.228 2.773 1.817 2.237
Gr. 105
1.375 2.769 3.300 2.199 2.659
1.500 3.295 3.873 2.617 3.118
1.750 4.144
2.000 5.316

Equations Np,f´c
mechanical anchors 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal pullout strength in tension (Npn) per
Npn, f´c = Np,2500 λa (f´c / 2500)n installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1). For mechanical anchors, the Equations and Results
section of the report designate Npn as “Npn,f´c”. Per ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.3.2,
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) the parameter “Np“ for mechanical anchors must be derived from testing. PROFIS
Engineering uses the Np-value given in the mechanical anchor ICC-ESR to
17.4.3.2 For post-installed expansion and undercut anchors, the values of Np shall be based on calculate Npn,f´c. PROFIS Engineering always uses ψc,p = 1.0 for mechanical anchor
the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. It is not calculations.
permissible to calculate the pullout strength in tension for such anchors.
Np-values in the ICC-ESR are derived from testing in 2500 psi concrete; therefore,
the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report designates the Np-value
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-1917 for the Hilti Kwik Bolt-TZ (KB-TZ) expansion anchor referencing from the ICC-ESR as “Np,2500”. The ICC-ESR provisions shown to the left illustrate
provisions for calculating nominal pullout strength in tension (N pn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1). how the Np-value given in the ICC-ESR design tables (derived from testing in
2500 psi concrete) can be increased for design purposes when the concrete
4.1.4 Requirements for Static Pullout Strength in Tension: compressive strength (f´c) for the application is greater than 2500 psi. Generally
The nominal pullout strength of a single anchor in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.1 and 17.4.3.2 speaking, the factor by which “Np,2500” can be increased equals (f´c/2500) 0.5;
or ACI 318-11 D.5.3.1 and D.5.3.2, respectively, as applicable, in cracked and uncracked concrete, however, the parameter (f´c/2500) may be raised to another power. Reference
N p,cr and N p,uncr, respectively, is given in Tables 3 and 4. For all design cases, ψc,p = 1.0. In Section 4.1.4 of the mechanical anchor ICC-ESR for specific information about
accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3 or ACI 318-11 D.5.3, as applicable, the nominal pullout strength this factor. PROFIS Engineering multiplies “Np,2500” by (f´c/2500) n when calculating
in cracked concrete may be calculated in accordance with the following equation: nominal pullout strength for a mechanical anchor. The calculated value for
(f´c/2500) n is shown in the Calculations section of the mechanical anchor report.
f´c If pullout is not a possible controlling failure mode for a particular anchor diameter
Np,f´c = Np,cr (Eq-1) and embedment depth, the ICC-ESR will show “NA”, and no Np-value will be given.
2500
PROFIS Engineering does not perform pullout calculations for anchor diameters/
embedment’s for which “NA” is given in the ICC-ESR PROFIS Engineering applies
In regions where analysis indicates no cracking in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.6 or ACI 318- a lightweight concrete modification factor (λa) to the Np-value if lightweight
11 D.5.3.6, as applicable, the nominal pullout strength in tension may be calculated in accordance concrete is being modeled.
with the following equation:
Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the following
f´c parameters:
Np,f´c = Np,uncr (Eq-2)
2500
• Np,2500 — tested pullout value in 2500 psi concrete
Where values for N p,cr or N p,uncr are not provided in Table 3 or Table 4, the pullout strength in • λa — lightweight concrete modification factor
tension need not be evaluated.
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-1917 showing values for N p,cr and N p,uncr derived from testing in 2500 psi Reference the Calculations section of the report for more information on the
concrete per AC193/ACI 355.2. parameter (f´c/2500)n.
ICC-ES ECR-1917 Table 3 Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the parameter
Npn,f´c.
Symbol Units When modeling cast-in anchors, PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal the
pullout strength in tension (Npn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1), and the parameter Np
Effective min.
h ef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4 per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.4). Reference the cast-in anchor report sections relevant
embedment
to pullout strength in tension for more information.
Pullout strength
np,uncr lb 2160 2515 4110 NA 5515 NA 9145 NA 8280 10680
cracked concrete
Pullout strength
uncracked Np,cr lb NA 2270 3160 NA 4915 NA NA
concrete

Equations Npn
HIT-Z anchor with HIT-HY 200 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal pullout strength in tension (Npn) per ACI
Npn = Np λa installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1). Although not referenced in ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.3.2,
pullout failure in lieu of bond failure must be considered for Hilti HIT-HY 200 used
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) with HIT-Z (carbon steel) or HIT-Z-R (stainless steel) threaded rods. A characteristic
pullout strength in tension (Np) derived from testing is used to calculate a nominal
17.4.3.2 For post-installed expansion and undercut anchors, the values of N p shall be based on pullout strength (Npn) for HY 200 when used with HIT-Z/Z-R threaded rods.
the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. It is not
permissible to calculate the pullout strength in tension for such anchors. The parameter ψc,p in Eq. (17.4.3.1) is a modification factor for cracked or uncracked
concrete. PROFIS Engineering always uses ψc,p = 1.0 for HY 200/HIT-Z Npn
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 for Hilti HIT-HY 200 adhesive, referencing provisions for calculating calculations because cracked and uncracked concrete conditions are accounted
nominal pullout strength in tension (N pn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1) with HIT-Z (carbon steel) or for in the Np-values derived from testing.
HIT-Z-R (stainless steel) threaded rods. PROFIS Engineering applies a lightweight concrete modification factor (λa), and a
seismic modification factor (α N,seis), to the Npn-value if lightweight concrete and/or
4.1.4.1 Static Pullout Strength in Tension: Hilti HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R Anchor Rods: The nominal seismic conditions are being modeled. λa-values and α N,seis-values are shown in the
static pullout strength of a single anchor in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.1 and 17.4.3.2 or Variables section of the report.
ACI 318-11 D.5.3.1 and D.5.3.2, as applicable, in cracked and uncracked concrete, Np,cr and N p,uncr,
respectively, is given in Table 10. For all design cases, ψc,p = 1.0. Np-values for HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods derived from testing per the ICC-ES
acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4 (a) are
Pullout strength values are a function of the concrete compressive strength, whether the concrete provided in ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10, (b) are specific to the concrete condition
is cracked or uncracked, the drilling method (hammer drill, including Hilti hollow drill bit, diamond (cracked or uncracked), and (c) are specific to anchor diameter. Np-values in the
core drill) and installation conditions (dry or water-saturated). The resulting characteristic pullout ICC-ESR are valid for concrete compressive strengths
strength must be multiplied by the associated strength reduction factor ϕnn as follows:
2500 psi < f´c < 8000 psi.
Hilti HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods Np-values for HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods shown in the Variables section of
Permissible Associated
the PROFIS Engineering report are taken from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10.
DRILLING
Concrete type installation Pullout strength strength reduction
METHOD Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the following
conditions factor
parameters:
Dry Np,uncr ϕd
Hammer-drill Uncracked
(or Hilti TE-CD or Np,uncr ϕ ws
• Np — tested pullout value from ICC-ESR-3187
Water saturated
TE-YD Hollow Drill
Bit) or Diamond Dry Np,cr ϕd • λa — lightweight concrete modification factor
Core Bit Cracked
Water saturated Np,cr ϕ ws • α N,seis — seismic modification factor
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 showing values for N p,cr and N p,uncr derived from testing per Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the parameter
AC308/ACI 355.4. Npn.
When modeling cast-in anchors, PROFIS Engineering calculates the nominal

ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 pullout strength in tension (Npn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1), and the parameter Np
Nominal rod diameter (in.) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.4). Reference the cast-in anchor report sections relevant
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units to pullout strength in tension for more information
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
Pullout strength in cracked concrete Np,cr lb 7,952 10,936 21,392 27,930

Temperature
Range A
Pullout strength in uncracked concrete Np,uncr lb 7,952 11,719 21,931 28,460

Equations ϕNpn
ϕNpn ≥ Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension check a calculated design
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to strength (ϕNN) against a factored tension load (Nua). The parameter “design
sustained tensile loading. strength” is defined as the product of a “nominal strength” (NN) and one or more
strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors). If ϕNN > Nua for all relevant tension failure
Table 17.3.1.1 modes, the ACI 318-14 tension provisions are satisfied.
Failure Mode
Single Anchor Individual Anchor in a Group Nominal pullout strength in tension (Npn) is always calculated for a single anchor
Pullout Strength in Tension ϕN pn ≥ N ua ϕNpn > N ua,i when designing with the provisions of ACI 318-14. If an application consists of a
group of anchors in tension, Npn is calculated for a single anchor, and the design
Below is a summary of PROFIS Engineering pullout strength calculations. For a single anchor in strength is checked against the highest loaded anchor in tension.
tension, PROFIS Engineering checks the calculated design strength against the factored tension Since pullout failure can be considered a “concrete” failure mode, PROFIS
load acting on that anchor (N ua). For a group of anchors in tension, PROFIS Engineering checks the Engineering designates the strength reduction factor for pullout failure “ϕconcrete”.
calculated design strength against the highest factored tension load determined to be acting on a ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for seismic load conditions require
single anchor (N ua). an additional ϕ-factor to be applied to non-steel design strengths. PROFIS
Engineering designates this parameter “ϕseismic”.
cast-in anchors
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating the nominal pullout strength of cast-in anchors: ACI 318-08 anchoring-to-concrete provisions include an additional seismic
reduction factor that is applied to anchor design strengths corresponding to brittle
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) failure modes. Pullout failure is considered a brittle failure mode; therefore, design
pullout strengths calculated using ACI 318-08 seismic provisions would include
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating the design pullout strength of cast-in anchors: an additional strength reduction factor, which PROFIS Engineering designates
static load conditions — design strength = ϕconcrete Npn “ϕnonductile”. Since ϕnonductile is only relevant to seismic calculations with ACI 318-08
seismic load conditions — design strength = ϕseismic ϕconcrete Npn provisions, PROFIS Engineering always shows the parameter “ϕnonductile” equal to
1.0 in the Results section of reports for ACI 318-14 provisions.
mechanical anchors
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating the nominal pullout strength of mechanical Reference the Equations and Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report
anchors: for more information on:
Npn,f´c = Np,2500 λa (f´c / 2500)n Npn or Npn,f’c: Nominal pullout strength in tension
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating the design pullout strength of mechanical anchors: Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
static load conditions — design strength = ϕconcrete Npn,f´c information on the following parameters:
seismic load conditions — design strength = ϕseismic ϕconcrete Npn,f´c
ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for pullout failure
HIT-Z/R threaded rods used with HIT-HY 200 adhesive ϕseismic: Strength reduction factor for seismic tension
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating the nominal pullout strength of HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R
threaded rods used with HIT-HY 200 adhesive: ϕNpn or ϕNpn,f´c: Design steel strength in tension
Npn = Np λa Nua: Factored load acting on anchors in tension
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating the design pullout strength of HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R for each tension failure mode relevant to the application is given in Part 3 Tension
anchors used with HIT-HY 200 adhesive: Load of the PROFIS Engineering report.
static load conditions — design strength = ϕconcrete Npn
seismic load conditions — design strength = ϕseismic ϕconcrete Npn

Variables ψc,P
ψc,P 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions default to an assumption that concrete
installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed will crack under service load conditions. ψc,P is a modification factor for cracked
or uncracked concrete conditions when calculating nominal pullout strength
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) in tension. ψc,P = 1.0 for cracked concrete conditions. If analysis indicates
that concrete will remain uncracked under service load conditions, ψc,P can be
where ψc,P is defined in 17.4.3.6. increased to a value of 1.4.
17.4.3.6 For an anchor loaded in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no When designing cast-in anchors with PROFIS Engineering, and cracked concrete
cracking at service load levels, the following modification factor shall be permitted conditions are assumed; PROFIS Engineering calculates the nominal pullout
strength (Npn) using ψc,P = 1.0. If uncracked concrete conditions are assumed,
ψc,P = 1.4 PROFIS Engineering calculates the nominal pullout strength (Npn) using ψc,P = 1.4.
PROFIS Engineering always calculates pullout strength for the post-installed

Where analysis indicates cracking at service load levels, ψc,P shall be taken as 1.0. anchors in its portfolio using ψc,P = 1.0, regardless of whether cracked or
uncracked concrete conditions have been assumed. When designing mechanical
anchors, the nominal pullout strength (Npn,f´c) accounts for cracked or uncracked
concrete conditions via the parameter (Np,2500). When designing HIT-Z or
cast-in anchors HIT-Z-R threaded rods with HIT-HY 200 adhesive, the nominal pullout strength (Npn)
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating the nominal pullout strength of cast-in anchors: accounts for cracked or uncracked concrete conditions via the parameter (Np).
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) Reference the Equations and Results section of the cast-in anchor report for
more information on the following parameters:
mechanical anchors
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating the nominal pullout strength of mechanical • Npn — nominal pullout strength for cast-in or adhesive anchors
anchors: Reference the Equations and Results section of the post-installed anchor report
for more information on the following parameters:
Npn,f´c = Np,2500 λa (f´c / 2500)n
• Npn — nominal pullout strength for HIT-Z/R anchors with HIT-HY 200
HIT-Z/R threaded rods used with HIT-HY 200 adhesive
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating the nominal pullout strength of HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R • Npn,f´c — nominal pullout strength for mechanical anchors
threaded rods used with HIT-HY 200 adhesive: Reference the Variables section of the post-installed anchor report for more
Npn = Np λa
• Np,2500 — tested pullout strength for mechanical anchors
• Np — tested pullout strength for HIT-Z/R anchors with HIT-HY 200

Variables Abrg
A brg 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- The parameter “Np” in Eq. (17.4.3.1) is defined as the “pullout strength in tension”
installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed for a single anchor. PROFIS Engineering calculates Np per Eq. (17.4.3.4) for the
cast-in anchors in its portfolio. These anchors are as follows:
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1)
•A
WS D1.1 Type B headed studs
17.4.3.3 For single cast-in headed studs and headed bolts, it shall be permitted to evaluate the (1/2” – 7/8” nominal diameter)
pullout strength in tension using 17.4.3.4. For single J- or L-bolts, it shall be permitted to evaluate •A
STM F1554 hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
the pullout strength in tension using 17.4.3.5. Alternatively, it shall be permitted to use values of N p (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
based on the 5 percent fractile of tests performed and evaluated in the same manner as the ACI
355.2 procedures but without the benefit of friction. •A
STM F1554 heavy hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
17.4.3.4 The pullout strength in tension of a single headed stud or headed bolt, Np, for use in Eq.
(17.4.3.1), shall not exceed •A
STM F1554 square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
Np = 8A brg f´c (17.4.3.4) •A
STM F1554 heavy square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
17.4.3.5 The pullout strength in tension of a single hooked bolt, N p, for use in Eq. (17.4.3.1), shall
not exceed J-bolts and L-bolts are not included in the PROFIS Engineering cast-in anchor
portfolio.
Np = 0.9 f´c e h da (17.4.3.5)
PROFIS Engineering only utilizes the bearing area parameter (A brg) to calculate the
parameter Np per Eq. (17.4.3.4) for the cast-in anchors in its portfolio. The
A brg-values that PROFIS Engineering uses for these anchors are shown in the table
Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area to the left.
Diameter
MATERIAL (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2)
(d 0) PROFIS Engineering does not calculate Np per Eq. (17.4.3.4) for the post-installed
(in)
headed stud bolt square bolt bolt head bolt anchors in its portfolio. These Np-values are derived from product-specific testing.
0.500 0.589 Reference the post-installed anchor report sections relevant to pullout strength in
AWS D1.1 Type 0.625 0.920 tension for more information.
0.875 0.884 Reference the Calculations section of the cast-in anchor report for more
0.500 0.464 0.569 0.291 0.467 information on the parameter Np.
0.625 0.693 0.822 0.454 0.671
0.750 0.824 1.210 0.654 0.911 Reference the Variables section of the cast-in anchor report for more information
0.875 1.121 1.465 0.891 1.188 on the following parameters:
ASTM F1554
1.000 1.465 1.855 1.163 1.501
Headed Bolt • A brg — bearing area for a cast-in anchor
1.125 1.854 2.291 1.472 1.851
Gr. 36, Gr.55,
1.250 2.228 2.773 1.817 2.237
Gr. 105 • f´c — concrete compressive strength
1.375 2.769 3.300 2.199 2.659
1.500 3.295 3.873 2.617 3.118
1.750 4.144
2.000 5.316

Variables λa
λa 17.2.6 Modification factor λa for lightweight concrete shall be taken as: λa is a modification factor for lightweight concrete. Generally speaking, ACI
Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 λ 318 applies a multiplier to the parameter √f´c to “account for the properties of
Expansion and adhesive anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 λ lightweight concrete”, and designates this parameter “λ”. The parameter “λa“ is
Adhesive anchor bond failure per Eq. (17.4.5.2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 λ a modification of “λ” that specifically “accounts for the properties of lightweight
concrete” with respect to anchoring-to-concrete calculations, hence the subscript
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4. It shall be permitted to use an alternative value of “a” in “λa”. Per Section 17.2.6, the modification factor λ determined per the
λa where tests have been performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4. provisions of Section 19.2.4, is multiplied by an additional factor that is specific to
the type of anchor being used, to obtain the parameter λa .
19.2.4 Lightweight concrete Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
19.2.4.1 To account for the properties of lightweight concrete, a modification factor λ is used as a in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2. Post-installed adhesive anchor
multiplier of √f´c in all applicable provisions of this Code. systems can be shown compliance under the International Building Code via
testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI
19.2.4.2 The value of λ shall be based on the composition of the aggregate in the concrete mixture standard ACI 355.4. λa-provisions for a specific post-installed anchor are derived
in accordance with Table 19.2.4.2 or as permitted in 19.2.4.3. from this testing and will be given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor. For post-installed
anchor design, PROFIS Engineering uses a λa-value as referenced in the ICC-ESR
Table 19.2.4.2 — Modification factor λ
provisions for the anchor. These ICC-ESR provisions typically correspond to the
Concrete Composition of Aggregates λ ACI 318 provisions for λa .
Fine: ASTM C330
All-lightweight 0.75 PROFIS Engineering uses the λ-value that has been input, to calculate a λa-value
Coarse: ASTM C330
Fine: Combination of ASTM C330 and 33 for the anchor being modeled. PROFIS Engineering users can input a λ-value
Coarse: ASTM C330 based on the properties of the lightweight concrete being used in the application.
Sand-lightweight
Fine: ASTM C33
0.85
Any λ-value between 0.75 and 1.0 can be input. No reduction for lightweight
Coarse: ASTM C330 concrete is required when calculating nominal pullout strength in tension for cast-in
Sand-lighweight, Fine: ASTM C33 anchors per Eq. (17.4.3.4), because no √f´c parameter is present in the equation. If
0.85 to 1 [2]
course blend Coarse: Combination of ASTM C330 and 33
cast-in anchors are being modeled for lightweight concrete conditions in PROFIS
Fine: ASTM C33
Normal weight
Coarse: ASTM C33
1 Engineering, (λa = 1.0 λ) will be used in the concrete breakout, side-face blowout
1 L inear interopolation of 0.75 to 0.85 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal weight fine friction aggregate
and pryout calculations. The λa-value will be calculated per Section 17.2.6. No
as a fraction of the total absolute volume of fine aggregate. λa-value will be used in the pullout calculations. The Variables section for pullout in
2 L inear interopolation of 0.85 to 1 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal weight coarse friction aggregate the report will show the parameter λa equal to 1.0.
as a fraction of the total absolute volume of coarse aggregate.
If post-installed expansion anchors or HIT-Z/HIT-Z-R threaded rods with HIT HY

19.2.4.3 If the measured average splitting tensile strength of lightweight concrete, fct , is used to 200 adhesive are being modeled for lightweight concrete conditions in PROFIS
calculate λ, laboratory tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM C330 to establish the Engineering, the software calculates a λa-value per Section 17.2.6. The λ-value
value of fct and the corresponding value of fcm and λ shall be calculated by: that has been input is multiplied by a factor of 0.8 (expansion anchors) or by
a factor of 0.6 (HIT-Z/HIT-Z-R with HIT HY 200) to obtain a λa-value for pullout
fct 1.5
λ = ≤ 1.0 (19.2.4.3) calculations. This functionality is summarized to the left.

6.7 fcm
The concrete mixture tested in order to calculate λ shall be representative of that to be used in the report for more information on the parameter Npn or Npn,f´c when lightweight
Work. concrete conditions are being modeled for post-installed anchors.
When lightweight concrete conditions are being modeled, PROFIS Engineering applies the
parameter λa as follows:
cast-in anchors
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1)
Np = 8A brg f´c (17.4.3.4) λa = 1.0 for pullout calculations
mechanical anchors
Npn,f´c = Np,2500 λa (f´c / 2500)n where λa = 0.8 λ
HIT-Z/R threaded rods used with HIT-HY 200 adhesive

Npn = Np λa where λa = 0.6 λ

Variables f´c
f´c 17.4.3.4 The pullout strength in tension of a single headed stud or headed bolt, Np, for use in Eq. f´c is a parameter used to define concrete compressive strength. This parameter is
(17.4.3.1), shall not exceed used to calculate the “pullout strength in tension for a single anchor” (Np) per Eq.
(17.4.3.4) for cast-in anchors, and the nominal pullout strength (Np,f´c) per ICC-ESR
Np = 8A brg f´c (17.4.3.4) provisions for post-installed mechanical anchors.
17.2.7 The values of f´c used for calculation purposes in this chapter shall not exceed 10,000 psi Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
for cast-in anchors, and 8000 psi for post-installed anchors. Testing is required for post-installed International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193
anchors when used in concrete with f´c greater than 8000 psi. in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2. f´c provisions for a specific post-
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-1917 for the Hilti Kwik Bolt-TZ (KB-TZ) expansion anchor referencing the anchor. PROFIS Engineering uses these f´c provisions for post-installed anchor
provisions for pullout strength in tension. design. The post-installed anchor portfolio in PROFIS Engineering is limited to
installation in concrete having a specified compressive strength between 2500
4.1.4 Requirements for Static Pullout Strength in Tension: psi and 8500 psi, and design using an f´c-value less than or equal to 8000 psi.
The nominal pullout strength of a single anchor in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.1 and 17.4.3.2 Reference the ICC-ESR for f´c information specific to a post-installed anchor.
or ACI 318-11 D.5.3.1 and D.5.3.2, respectively, as applicable, in cracked and uncracked concrete, PROFIS Engineering users can input an f´c-value within the range 2500 psi < f´c <
N p,cr and N p,uncr, respectively, is given in Tables 3 and 4. For all design cases, ψc,p = 1.0. In 8500 psi for post-installed anchor design. The maximum f´c-value for calculations
accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3 or ACI 318-11 D.5.3, as applicable, the nominal pullout strength will be limited to 8000 psi.
in cracked concrete may be calculated in accordance with the following equation:
f´c 10,000 psi for cast-in anchor design. The maximum f´c-value for calculations will be
Np,f´c = Np,cr (Eq-1)
2500 limited to 10,000 psi.
In regions where analysis indicates no cracking in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.6 or Reference the Equations and Calculations sections of the PROFIS Engineering
ACI 318-11 D.5.3.6, as applicable, the nominal pullout strength in tension may be calculated in cast-in anchor report for more information on the parameter Np.
accordance with the following equation:
f´c mechanical anchor report for more information on the parameter Npn,f´c. The
2500 PROFIS Engineering report designates the ICC-ESR parameter ”Np,f´c” as “Npn,f’c”.
Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering mechanical anchor

Where values for N p,cr or N p,uncr are not provided in Table 3 or Table 4, the pullout strength in report for more information on the parameter (f´c/2500) 0.5 .
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-1917 showing values for N p,cr and N p,uncr derived from testing in 2500 psi
concrete per AC193/ACI 355.2.

Symbol Units
Effective min.
h ef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
Pullout strength
np,uncr lb 2160 2515 4110 NA 5515 NA 9145 NA 8280 10680
cracked concrete
Pullout strength
concrete

Variables Np,2500
Np,2500 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal pullout strength in tension (Npn) per ACI
installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1). For mechanical anchors, the Equations and Results section
of the report designate Npn as “Npn,f´c”. Nominal pullout strength is calculated with
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) the parameter “Np” which is defined in ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 as the pullout strength
in tension of a single anchor in cracked concrete.
17.4.3.2 For post-installed expansion and undercut anchors, the values of N p shall be based on
the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. It is not Mechanical anchor Np-values are derived from testing per the ICC-ES acceptance
permissible to calculate the pullout strength in tension for such anchors. criteria AC193 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2. These Np-values
are specific to the concrete condition (cracked or uncracked), and to the anchor
PROFIS Engineering uses this equation to calculate a nominal pullout strength for mechanical diameter (da) and effective embedment depth (hef). PROFIS Engineering uses the
anchors: ICC-ESR Np-values to calculate the nominal pullout strength for a mechanical
Npn,f´c = Np,2500 λa (f´c / 2500)n anchor.
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-1917 for the Hilti Kwik Bolt-TZ (KB-TZ) expansion anchor referencing the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report designates the Np-value
provisions for calculating nominal pullout strength in tension. from the ICC-ESR as “Np,2500”. If pullout is not a possible controlling failure mode
for a particular anchor diameter and embedment depth, the ICC-ESR will show
4.1.4 Requirements for Static Pullout Strength in Tension: “NA”, and no Np-value will be given. PROFIS Engineering does not perform pullout
The nominal pullout strength of a single anchor in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.1 and 17.4.3.2 calculations for anchor diameters/embedment’s for which “NA” is given in the
or ACI 318-11 D.5.3.1 and D.5.3.2, respectively, as applicable, in cracked and uncracked concrete, ICC-ESR
N p,cr and N p,uncr, respectively, is given in Tables 3 and 4. For all design cases, ψc,p = 1.0. In
accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3 or ACI 318-11 D.5.3, as applicable, the nominal pullout strength Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the following
in cracked concrete may be calculated in accordance with the following equation: parameters:
f´c • λa — lightweight concrete modification factor

2500 • f´c — concrete compressive strength
In regions where analysis indicates no cracking in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.6 or ACI 318- Reference the Calculations section of the report for more information on the
11 D.5.3.6, as applicable, the nominal pullout strength in tension may be calculated in accordance parameter (f´c/2500) n.
with the following equation: Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the parameter
Npn,f´c.
f´c
2500 When modeling cast-in anchors, PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal the
per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.4). Reference the cast-in anchor report sections relevant
Where values for N p,cr or N p,uncr are not provided in Table 3 or Table 4, the pullout strength in
concrete per AC193/ACI 355.2.

Symbol Units
Effective min.
h ef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
Pullout strength
np,uncr lb 2160 2515 4110 NA 5515 NA 9145 NA 8280 10680
cracked concrete
Pullout strength
concrete

Variables Np
HIT-Z/HIT-Z-R anchor 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal pullout strength in tension (Npn) per ACI
with HIT-HY 200 installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1). Although not referenced in ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.3.2,
Np pullout failure in lieu of bond failure must be considered for Hilti HIT-HY 200 used
17.4.3.2 For post-installed expansion and undercut anchors, the values of N p shall be based on with HIT-Z (carbon steel) or HIT-Z-R (stainless steel) threaded rods. A characteristic
the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. It is not pullout strength in tension (Np) derived from testing is used to calculate a nominal
permissible to calculate the pullout strength in tension for such anchors. pullout strength (Npn) for HIT-HY 200 when used with HIT-Z/Z-R threaded rods.
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 for Hilti HIT-HY 200 adhesive, referencing provisions for calculating Np-values for HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods derived from testing per the ICC-ES
nominal pullout strength in tension (Npn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1) with HIT-Z (carbon steel) or acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4 (a) are
HIT-Z-R (stainless steel) threaded rods. provided in ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10, (b) are specific to the concrete condition
(cracked or uncracked), and (c) are specific to anchor diameter. Np-values in the
4.1.4.1 Static Pullout Strength in Tension: Hilti HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R Anchor Rods: ICC-ESR are valid for concrete compressive strengths
The nominal static pullout strength of a single anchor in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.1 and 2500 psi < f´c < 8000 psi.
17.4.3.2 or ACI 318-11 D.5.3.1 and D.5.3.2, as applicable, in cracked and uncracked concrete, Np,cr
and N p,uncr, respectively, is given in Table 10. For all design cases, ψc,p = 1.0. Np-values for HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods shown in the Variables section of
the PROFIS Engineering report are taken from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10.
Pullout strength values are a function of the concrete compressive strength, whether the concrete
is cracked or uncracked, the drilling method (hammer drill, including Hilti hollow drill bit, diamond Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the following
core drill) and installation conditions (dry or water-saturated). The resulting characteristic pullout parameters:
strength must be multiplied by the associated strength reduction factor ϕnn as follows: • λa — lightweight concrete modification factor
Hilti HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods • α N,seis — seismic modification factor
Permissible Associated Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the parameter
DRILLING
METHOD
Concrete type installation Pullout strength strength reduction Npn.
conditions factor
Dry Np,uncr ϕd When modeling cast-in anchors, PROFIS Engineering calculates the nominal
Hammer-drill Uncracked pullout strength in tension (Npn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1), and the parameter Np
(or Hilti TE-CD or Water saturated Np,uncr ϕ ws per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.4). Reference the cast-in anchor report sections relevant
TE-YD Hollow Drill
Bit) or Diamond Dry Np,cr ϕd to pullout strength in tension for more information.
Core Bit Cracked
Water saturated Np,cr ϕ ws
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 showing values for N p,cr and N p,uncr derived from testing per
AC308/ACI 355.4.
Nominal rod diameter (in.)
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4

Temperature
Range A

Variables αN,seis
HIT-Z/HIT-Z-R anchor 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal pullout strength in tension (N pn) per ACI
αN,seis pullout failure in lieu of bond failure must be considered for Hilti HIT-HY 200
used with HIT-Z (carbon steel) or HIT-Z-R (stainless steel) threaded rods. A
17.4.3.2 For post-installed expansion and undercut anchors, the values of N p shall be based on characteristic pullout strength in tension (N p) derived from testing is used to
the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. It is not calculate a nominal pullout strength (N pn) for HY 200 when used with HIT-Z/Z-R
permissible to calculate the pullout strength in tension for such anchors. threaded rods.
PROFIS Engineering calculates N pn for HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods used with HIT-HY 200 PROFIS Engineering calculates the nominal pullout strength (N pn) for HIT-HY 200
adhesive as follows: used with HIT-Z or HIT-Z-R threaded rods as follows:
• Determine the relevant N p-value from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10
N p, λa and α Nseis are are shown in the Variables section of the report.
• The parameter ψc,p is set = 1.0
ψc,p is not shown in the report for any post-installed anchor because PROFIS Engineering always • Calculate a λa -value if lightweight concrete conditions are being modeled
sets ψc,p = 1.0 for post-installed anchors. • Determine the relevant α N,seis-value from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 if seismic
load conditions are being modeled
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 for Hilti HIT-HY 200 adhesive, referencing provisions for calculating
nominal pullout strength in tension (N pn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1) with HIT-Z (carbon steel) or N p-values for HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods derived from testing per the
HIT-Z-R (stainless steel) threaded rods. ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4
are provided in ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10. PROFIS Engineering uses the N p-values
4.1.4.1 Static Pullout Strength in Tension: Hilti HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R Anchor Rods: from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 to calculate the nominal pullout strength (N pn) for
The nominal static pullout strength of a single anchor in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.1 and HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods used with HIT-HY 200 adhesive.
17.4.3.2 or ACI 318-11 D.5.3.1 and D.5.3.2, as applicable, in cracked and uncracked concrete, Np,cr
and N p,uncr, respectively, is given in Table 10. For all design cases, ψc,p = 1.0. The parameter ψc,p in Eq. (17.4.3.1) is a modification factor for cracked or
uncracked concrete. PROFIS Engineering uses ψc,p = 1.0 for HIT-HY 200/
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 showing values for N p,cr, N p,uncr and α N,seis derived from HIT-Z/Z-R pullout strength calculations because cracked and uncracked concrete
testing per AC308/ACI 355.4. conditions are accounted for in the N p-values derived from testing .
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 PROFIS Engineering applies a lightweight concrete modification factor (λa) if
lightweight concrete conditions are being modeled.
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
The parameter α N,seis is an adhesive anchor modification factor for seismic load
conditions. Values for α N,seis are derived from testing per the ICC-ES acceptance
Temperature
criteria AC308. α N,seis-values are specific to the adhesive product, the anchor
Range A
element being used with that product, and the anchor element diameter. Values
for α N,seis that are specific to HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods used with
Pullout strength in uncracked concrete Np,uncr lb 7,952 11,719 21,931 28,460 HIT-HY 200 are given in ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10.
Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the
Reduction for seismic tension α N,seis - 0.94 1.0 following parameters:
• N p — tested pullout value from ICC-ESR-3187
• λa — lightweight concrete modification factor
Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the parameter
N pn .

Calculations (f´c /2500) n

(f´c / 2500) n
17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal pullout strength in tension (Npn) per ACI
installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1). For mechanical anchors, the Equations and Results section
of the report designate Npn as “Npn,f´c”. Nominal pullout strength is calculated with
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) the parameter “Np” which is defined in ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 as the pullout strength
in tension of a single anchor in cracked concrete.
17.4.3.2 For post-installed expansion and undercut anchors, the values of N p shall be based on
the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. It is not Mechanical anchor Np-values derived from testing per the ICC-ES acceptance
permissible to calculate the pullout strength in tension for such anchors. criteria AC193 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2 (a) are provided in an
ICC-ESR, (b) are specific to the concrete condition (cracked or uncracked), and (c)
PROFIS Engineering uses this equation to calculate a nominal pullout strength for mechanical are specific to anchor diameter (da) and effective embedment depth (hef). PROFIS
anchors: Engineering uses these Np-values to calculate the nominal pullout strength for a
mechanical anchor.
Npn,f´c = Np,2500 λa (f´c / 2500)n
the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report designates the Np-value
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-1917 for the Hilti Kwik Bolt-TZ (KB-TZ) expansion anchor referencing from the ICC-ESR as “Np,2500”. The ICC-ESR provisions shown to the left illustrate
provisions for calculating nominal pullout strength in tension. how the Np-value given in the ICC-ESR design tables (derived from testing in
2500 psi concrete) can be increased for design purposes when the concrete
4.1.4 Requirements for Static Pullout Strength in Tension: compressive strength (f´c) for the application is greater than 2500 psi. Generally
The nominal pullout strength of a single anchor in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.1 and 17.4.3.2 speaking, the factor by which “Np,2500” can be increased equals (f´c/2500) 0.5;
or ACI 318-11 D.5.3.1 and D.5.3.2, respectively, as applicable, in cracked and uncracked concrete, however, the parameter (f´c/2500) may be raised to another power. Reference
N p,cr and N p,uncr, respectively, is given in Tables 3 and 4. For all design cases, ψc,p = 1.0. In Section 4.1.4 of the mechanical anchor ICC-ESR for specific information about
accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3 or ACI 318-11 D.5.3, as applicable, the nominal pullout strength this factor. PROFIS Engineering multiplies “Np,2500” by (f´c/2500) n when calculating
in cracked concrete may be calculated in accordance with the following equation: nominal pullout strength for a mechanical anchor. The calculated value for
(f´c/2500) n is shown in the Calculations section of the mechanical anchor report.
f´c If pullout is not a possible controlling failure mode for a particular anchor diameter
2500 and embedment depth, the ICC-ESR will show “NA”, and no N p-value will be given.
PROFIS Engineering does not perform pullout calculations for anchor diameters/
In regions where analysis indicates no cracking in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.6 or ACI 318- embedment’s for which “NA” is given in the ICC-ESR
11 D.5.3.6, as applicable, the nominal pullout strength in tension may be calculated in accordance
with the following equation: Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the following
parameters:
f´c • Np,2500 — tested pullout value in 2500 psi concrete
Np,f´c = Np,uncr (Eq-2) • λa — lightweight concrete modification factor
2500
Where values for N p,cr or N p,uncr are not provided in Table 3 or Table 4, the pullout strength in Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the parameter
tension need not be evaluated. Npn,f´c.
When modeling cast-in anchors, PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal the


Calculations Np
cast-in anchors 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- The parameter “Np” in Eq. (17.4.3.1) is defined as the “pullout strength in tension”
Np installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed for a single anchor. PROFIS Engineering calculates Np per Eq. (17.4.3.4) for the
cast-in anchors in its portfolio. The PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) portfolio is as follows:
•A
17.4.3.3 For single cast-in headed studs and headed bolts, it shall be permitted to evaluate the (1/2” – 7/8” nominal diameter)
pullout strength in tension using 17.4.3.4.
•A
17.4.3.4 The pullout strength in tension of a single headed stud or headed bolt, Np, for use in Eq. (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
(17.4.3.1), shall not exceed •A
Np = 8A brg f´c (17.4.3.4) •A
Profis Engineering cast-in anchor portfolios for bearing area (A brg). •A
Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area
Diameter
MATERIAL (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2) Bearing area values (A brg) for these anchors are shown in the table to the left.
(d 0)
(in) Cast-in J-bolts and L-bolts are not included in the PROFIS Engineering cast-in
headed stud bolt square bolt bolt head bolt
anchor portfolio. PROFIS Engineering only calculates Np per Eq. (17.4.3.4) for
0.500 0.589
cast-in anchors. Np for post-installed anchors is derived from testing.
AWS D1.1 Type 0.625 0.920
0.875 0.884 Reference the Equations section of the report for more information on the
0.500 0.464 0.569 0.291 0.467 parameter Np.
0.625 0.693 0.822 0.454 0.671
0.750 0.824 1.210 0.654 0.911 Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the following
0.875 1.121 1.465 0.891 1.188 parameters:
ASTM F1554
1.000 1.465 1.855 1.163 1.501
Headed Bolt
1.125 1.854 2.291 1.472 1.851 • A brg — bearing area for a cast-in anchor
Gr. 36, Gr.55,
Gr. 105
1.250 2.228 2.773 1.817 2.237 • f´c — concrete compressive strength
1.375 2.769 3.300 2.199 2.659
1.500 3.295 3.873 2.617 3.118 PROFIS Engineering does not calculate Np per Eq. (17.4.3.4) for the post-installed
1.750 4.144
anchors in its portfolio. Np-values are derived from product-specific testing.
2.000 5.316
Reference the post-installed anchor report sections relevant to pullout strength in
tension for more information.

Results Npn
cast-in anchors 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- Nominal pullout strength (Npn) is a possible tension failure mode for cast-in-place
Npn = ψc,p Np installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed anchors and post-installed mechanical anchors. Generally speaking, bond failure
is considered for adhesive anchor systems in lieu of pullout failure; however, the
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) Hilti adhesive anchor system “HIT-HY 200” includes a proprietary anchor element
known as a HIT-Z threaded rod, for which a nominal pullout strength is calculated
in lieu of a nominal bond strength.
where ψc,P is defined in 17.4.3.6.
The PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio includes the following
17.4.3.2 For post-installed expansion and undercut anchors, the values of N p shall be based on anchors:
the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. It is not •A
permissible to calculate the pullout strength in tension for such anchors. (1/2” – 7/8” nominal diameter)
•A
•A
•A
•A
PROFIS Engineering calculates the nominal pullout strength (Npn) for the cast-in
anchors in its portfolio using Eq. (17.4.3.1). Section 17.4.3.2 notes that testing
per the ACI test standard ACI 355.2 must be used to derive the pullout strength
of a single anchor (Np) for a post-installed mechanical anchor, which is used to
calculate the nominal pullout strength (Npn) for the mechanical anchor. Np-values
for HIT-Z (carbon steel) and HIT-Z-R (stainless steel) threaded rods used with
HIT-HY 200 adhesive are derived from testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
AC308 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. These values are used to
calculate the nominal pullout strength (Npn) for the HIT-Z/Z-R threaded rods used
with HIT-HY 200.
The parameter ψc,p is a modification factor for cracked or uncracked concrete

conditions. PROFIS Engineering determines ψc,p per Section 17.4.3.6 for the cast-in
anchors in its portfolio. PROFIS Engineering always uses a ψc,p-value equal to 1.0
when calculating Npn for the post-installed anchors in its portfolio.
When modeling cast-in anchors in PROFIS Engineering, Reference the Equations

and Calculations section of the report for more information on the parameter
Np. Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the
parameter ψc,p.

pullout parameters:
• Npn,f´c if mechanical anchors are being modeled
• Npn if HIT-HY 200 with HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods is being modeled

Results Npn, f´c

mechanical anchors 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal pullout strength in tension (Npn) per
Npn, f´c = Np,2500 λa (f´c / 2500)n installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1). For mechanical anchors, the Equations and Results
section of the report designate Npn as “Npn,f´c”. Per ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.3.2,
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) the parameter “Np“ for mechanical anchors must be derived from testing. PROFIS
Engineering uses the Np-value given in the mechanical anchor ICC-ESR to
17.4.3.2 For post-installed expansion and undercut anchors, the values of Np shall be based on calculate Npn,f´c. PROFIS Engineering always uses ψc,p = 1.0 for mechanical anchor
the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. It is not calculations.
permissible to calculate the pullout strength in tension for such anchors.
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-1917 for the Hilti Kwik Bolt-TZ (KB-TZ) expansion anchor referencing the PROFIS Engineering equation for Npn,f´c designates the Np-value from the
provisions for calculating nominal pullout strength in tension (N pn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1). ICC-ESR as “Np,2500”.
4.1.4 Requirements for Static Pullout Strength in Tension: The mechanical anchor ICC-ESR provisions permit the Np-value given in the
The nominal pullout strength of a single anchor in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.1 and 17.4.3.2 ICC-ESR design tables to be increased by a factor (f´c/2500) n for design purposes
or ACI 318-11 D.5.3.1 and D.5.3.2, respectively, as applicable, in cracked and uncracked concrete, when the concrete compressive strength (f´c) for the application is greater than
N p,cr and N p,uncr, respectively, is given in Tables 3 and 4. For all design cases, ψc,p = 1.0. In 2500 psi. Reference Section 4.1.4 of the mechanical anchor ICC-ESR for specific
accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3 or ACI 318-11 D.5.3, as applicable, the nominal pullout strength information about this factor. PROFIS Engineering multiplies “Np,2500” by (f´c/2500) n
in cracked concrete may be calculated in accordance with the following equation: when calculating nominal pullout strength for a mechanical anchor.
f´c PROFIS Engineering applies a lightweight concrete modification factor (λa) to the
2500 Np-value if lightweight concrete is being modeled.
In regions where analysis indicates no cracking in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.6 or ACI 318- If pullout is not a possible controlling failure mode for a particular anchor diameter
11 D.5.3.6, as applicable, the nominal pullout strength in tension may be calculated in accordance and embedment depth, the ICC-ESR will show “NA”, and no Np-value will be given.
with the following equation: PROFIS Engineering does not perform pullout calculations for anchor diameters/
embedment’s for which “NA” is given in the ICC-ESR
f´c
Np,f´c = Np,uncr (Eq-2) Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the following
2500
parameters:
• Np,2500 — tested pullout value in 2500 psi concrete
Where values for N p,cr or N p,uncr are not provided in Table 3 or Table 4, the pullout strength in
tension need not be evaluated. • λa —lightweight concrete modification factor
concrete per AC193/ACI 355.2. Reference the Calculations section of the report for more information on the
parameter (f´c/2500) n.
Reference the Equations section of the report for more information on the
Symbol Units parameter Npn,f´c.
Effective min.
h ef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment pullout strength in tension (Npn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1), and the parameter Np
Pullout strength per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.4). Reference the cast-in anchor report sections relevant
np,uncr lb 2160 2515 4110 NA 5515 NA 9145 NA 8280 10680
cracked concrete to pullout strength in tension for more information.
Pullout strength
concrete

Results Npn
HIT-Z anchor with HIT-HY 200 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal pullout strength in tension (Npn) per
Npn = Np λa installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1). Although not referenced in ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.3.2,
pullout failure in lieu of bond failure must be considered for Hilti HIT-HY 200 used
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) with HIT-Z (carbon steel) or HIT-Z-R (stainless steel) threaded rods. A characteristic
pullout strength in tension (Np) derived from testing is used to calculate a nominal
17.4.3.2 For post-installed expansion and undercut anchors, the values of Np shall be based on pullout strength (Npn) for HIT-HY 200 when used with HIT-Z/Z-R threaded rods.
the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. It is not
permissible to calculate the pullout strength in tension for such anchors. The parameter ψc,p in Eq. (17.4.3.1) is a modification factor for cracked or uncracked
concrete. PROFIS Engineering always uses ψc,p = 1.0 for HY 200/HIT-Z Npn
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 for Hilti HIT-HY 200 adhesive, referencing provisions for calculating calculations because cracked and uncracked concrete conditions are accounted
nominal pullout strength in tension (N pn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1) with HIT-Z (carbon steel) or for in the Np-values derived from testing .
HIT-Z-R (stainless steel) threaded rods.
PROFIS Engineering applies a lightweight concrete modification factor (λa), and a
4.1.4.1 Static Pullout Strength in Tension: Hilti HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R Anchor Rods: The nominal seismic modification factor (α N,seis), to the Npn-value if lightweight concrete and/or
static pullout strength of a single anchor in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.1 and 17.4.3.2 or seismic conditions are being modeled. λa-values and α N,seis-values are shown in the
ACI 318-11 D.5.3.1 and D.5.3.2, as applicable, in cracked and uncracked concrete, Np,cr and N p,uncr, Variables section of the report.
respectively, is given in Table 10. For all design cases, ψc,p = 1.0.
PROFIS Engineering uses the Np-values given in ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 to
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 showing values for N p,cr and N p,uncr derived from testing per calculate a nominal pullout strength for HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods used with
AC308/ACI 355.4. HIT-HY 200 adhesive. These values are derived from testing per the ICC-ES
acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. They
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 are specific to either cracked or uncracked concrete for a given anchor diameter,
and are valid for concrete compressive strengths
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units 2500 psi < f´c < 8000 psi.
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the following
Temperature
parameters:
Range A
• Np — tested pullout value from ICC-ESR-3187

Pullout strength in uncracked concrete Np,uncr lb 7,952 11,719 21,931 28,460 • λa — lightweight concrete modification factor
• α N,seis — seismic modification factor
parameter Npn.
When modeling cast-in anchors, PROFIS Engineering calculates the nominal


Results ϕconcrete
ϕconcrete 17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load ACI 318-14 strength design provisions treat pullout failure in tension as a
combinations of 5.3 are used: “concrete” failure mode. The nominal pullout strength (Npn) is multiplied by one
or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design pullout strength
(ϕNpn). The ϕ-factors given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3 are used to calculate
Condition A Condition B the design strength for pullout failure, concrete breakout failure and side-face
blowout failure in tension. These ϕ-factors are relevant to static load conditions.
(ii) Tension loads Cast-in headed studs, headed bolts, or An additional strength reduction factor (= 0.75) is used to calculate the design
0.75 0.70
hooked bolts strength for these failure modes if the anchorage design is based on seismic load
conditions.
PROFIS Engineering designates the ϕ-factor corresponding to “concrete” failure
modes for static load conditions “ϕconcrete”, and applies this ϕ-factor to the nominal
Category 1 0.75 0.65
pullout strength, concrete breakout strength and side-face blowout strengths in
(Low sensitivity to Installation and high reliability)
tension to obtain a design strength. If seismic load conditions are being modeled,
Category 2 0.65 0.55 PROFIS Engineering also applies the 0.75 seismic reduction factor to the design
(Medium sensitivity to Installation and medium reliability) strength.
Category 3 0.55 0.45 When designing cast-in-place anchors, PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors
(High sensitivity to Installation and lower reliability) given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3(c)(ii) to calculate the design pullout strength. The
ϕ-factors given in Section 17.3.3(c)(ii) for post-installed anchors are only intended
to be used as guide values in the absence of product-specific data.
Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
strengths.
strengths.
systems can be shown compliance under the International Building Code via
Example:
standard ACI 355.4. PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors derived from AC193/
Example of a post-installed mechanical anchor strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) corresponding ACI 355.2 or AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as given in the ICC-ES evaluation report
to concrete breakout and pullout failure in tension. (ICC-ESR) for the anchor, to calculate the design pullout strength for the post-
installed anchors in its portfolio. The ϕ-factors in the anchor ICC-ESR correspond
ICC-ES ECR-1917 Table 3 to Condition B.
Symbol Units
INFORMATION 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 As noted in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3, only Condition B ϕ-factors are used to
Effective min. calculate a design pullout strength. PROFIS Engineering defaults to the Condition
h ef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4 B ϕ-factor relevant to the anchor that has been selected when calculating design
embedment
pullout strength. If Condition A is selected as a design parameter, PROFIS
Strength reduction ϕ factor for tension,
concrete failure modes, or pullout, 0.55 0.65 Engineering only uses the Condition A ϕ-factors given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3
Condition B to calculate the design concrete breakout strength in tension.
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 showing the strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 reduction factor noted in ACI 318-14
corresponding to pullout failure in tension for HIT-Z/HIT-Z-R threaded rods used with HIT-HY 200 Section 17.2.3.4.4 for seismic load conditions “ϕseismic”.
adhesive.
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 information on the following parameters:
ϕNpn or ϕNpn,f´c: Design pullout strength in tension
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Dry Anchor information on the following parameter:
Permissible
installation
- 1
conditions
concrete, Category ϕseismic: Strength reduction factor for seismic tension

water
saturated ϕd ϕws - 0.65
concrete

Results ϕseismic
ϕseismic 17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for pullout failure in tension require
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the calculation of a nominal pullout strength (Npn). The nominal strength is multiplied
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: by one or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design pullout
strength (ϕNpn). ϕ-factors are relevant to static and seismic load conditions.
(a) ϕ
N sa for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of
[ϕN sa corresponds to steel failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] Section 17.2.3.4.4 for seismic load conditions “ϕseismic”. This reduction is applied to
non-steel failure modes when calculating tension design strengths for both cast-in-
(b) 0.75ϕN cb or 0.75ϕN cbg except that Ncb or N cbg need not be calculated where anchor place and post-installed anchors.
reinforcement satisfying 17.4.2.9 is provided
[ϕN cb or ϕNcbg correspond to concrete breakout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] When calculating the design pullout strength in tension for cast-in-place anchors,
the parameter “ϕconcrete” in the PROFIS Engineering report is taken from Section
.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of
(c) 0 17.3.3, and corresponds to the parameter “ϕ” shown in Section 17.2.3.4.4.
anchors
[ϕN pn corresponds to pullout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] When calculating the design pullout strength in tension for post-installed anchors,
(d) 0.75ϕN sb or 0.75ϕN sbg parameter “ϕ” shown in Section 17.2.3.4.4. Values for ϕconcrete in the pullout section
[ϕN sb or ϕN sbg correspond to side-face blowout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] of the PROFIS Engineering report are relevant to “Condition B”, and are taken from
the ICC-ESR for the anchor.
.75ϕNa or 0.75ϕNag
(e) 0
[ϕNa or ϕNag correspond to bond failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
where ϕ is in accordance with 17.3.3. ϕNpn or ϕNpn,f´c: Design pullout strength in tension
PROFIS Engineering calculations for pullout failure in tension when seismic load conditions are
being modeled:
single anchor: design pullout strength = ϕseismic ϕconcrete (N pn or ϕN pn,f´c).

ϕnonductile ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for pullout failure in tension require
17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined calculation of a nominal pullout strength (Npn). The nominal strength is multiplied
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the by one or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design pullout
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: strength (ϕNpn). ϕ-factors are relevant to static and seismic load conditions.
(a) ϕ
N sa for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 reduction factor noted in ACI 318-14
anchors Section 17.2.3.4.4 for seismic load conditions “ϕseismic”. This reduction is applied
to non-steel failure modes when calculating tension design strengths for both
.75ϕN cb or 0.75ϕNcbg except that Ncb or Ncbg need not be calculated where anchor
(b) 0 cast-in-place and post-installed anchors using ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete
reinforcement satisfying 17.4.2.9 is provided provisions.
(c) 0
.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of When using ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions to calculate the
anchors design pullout strength in tension for cast-in-place and post-installed anchors,
(d) 0.75ϕN sb or 0.75ϕN sbg parameter “ϕ” shown in ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4.
(e) 0.75ϕNa or 0.75ϕNag The parameter “ϕnonductile” is a reduction factor for seismic load conditions that
where ϕ is in accordance with 17.3.3. Appendix D. This reduction factor can range from a value of 0.4 to 1.0, depending
on the application, and PROFIS Engineering designates this factor “ϕnonductile”.
ACI 318-08 Part D.3.3.6 “ϕnonductile” is not a relevant parameter for seismic design per ACI 318-14
D.3.3.6 — As an alternative to D.3.3.4 and D.3.3.5, it shall be permitted to take the design strength Chapter 17; therefore, it is always referenced in the PROFIS Engineering report for
of the anchors as 0.4 times the design strength determined in accordance with D.3.3.3. For the ACI 318-14 calculations as equal to 1.0.
anchors of stud bearing walls, it shall be permitted to take the design strength of the anchors as
0.5 times the design strength determined in accordance with D.3.3.3. Reference the PROFIS Engineering Design Guide for ACI 318-08 anchoring-to-
concrete provisions for more information on ϕnonductile.

Results ϕNpn
cast-in anchors 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension define the parameter “design
ϕNpn installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed strength” as the product of a “nominal strength” (NN) and one or more strength
reduction factors (ϕ-factors). Nominal pullout strength in tension (Npn) is always
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) calculated for a single anchor when designing with the provisions of ACI 318-14.
PROFIS Engineering calculates the nominal pullout strength (Npn) for the cast-in-
place anchors in its portfolio using Eq. (17.4.3.1).
17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load The PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio includes the following
combinations of 5.3 are used: anchors:
(c) Anchor governed by concrete breakout, side-face blowout, pullout, or pryout strength •A
Condition A Condition B
•A
(ii) Tension loads Cast-in headed studs, headed bolts, or (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
0.75 0.70
hooked bolts •A
•A
strengths. •A
strengths. When modeling static load conditions for a cast-in anchor, PROFIS Engineering
uses the strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) for “Condition B” given in ACI 318-14
Section 17.3.3 to calculate the design pullout strength. This ϕ-factor is designated
“ϕconcrete” in the PROFIS Engineering report, and the report parameter “ϕNpn”
17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined corresponding to “design pullout strength” is calculated as “ϕconcrete Npn”. If seismic
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the load conditions are being modeled; PROFIS Engineering applies the additional 0.75
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: reduction factor to “ϕconcrete Npn” per Section 17.2.3.4.4, and designates this factor
“ϕseismic”. The report parameter “ϕNpn” corresponds to “ϕseismic ϕconcrete Npn”.
(c) 0
.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the report for more
anchors information on the parameter Np.
where ϕ is in accordance with 17.3.3. Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the
parameters ϕconcrete and ϕseismic.

pullout parameters:
• ϕNpn,f´c if mechanical anchors are being modeled
• ϕNpn if HIT-HY 200 with HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods is being modeled

Results ϕNpn,f´c
mechanical anchors 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension define the parameter “design
ϕNpn,f´c installed undercut anchor in tension, Npn , shall not exceed strength” as the product of a “nominal strength” (NN) and one or more strength
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) reduction factors (ϕ-factors). Nominal pullout strength in tension (Npn) is always
calculated for a single anchor when designing with the provisions of ACI 318-
17.4.3.2 For post-installed expansion and undercut anchors, the values of Np shall be based on 14. PROFIS Engineering calculates the nominal pullout strength (Npn) for the
the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. It is not mechanical anchors in its portfolio using pullout values derived from testing per
permissible to calculate the pullout strength in tension for such anchors. the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193 in conjunction with the ACI test standard
ACI 355.2. These pullout values are given in the ICC-ES evaluation report for the
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-1917 for the Hilti Kwik Bolt-TZ (KB-TZ) expansion anchor referencing mechanical anchor. The PROFIS Engineering report designates the ESR pullout
provisions for calculating nominal pullout strength in tension (N pn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1). values “Np,2500”, and the calculated nominal pullout strength “Npn,f´c”,
4.1.4 Requirements for Static Pullout Strength in Tension:
The ICC-ESR for the mechanical anchors in the PROFIS Engineering portfolio
The nominal pullout strength of a single anchor in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.1 and 17.4.3.2 also include ϕ-factors that are derived from testing per AC193/ACI 355.2. When
or ACI 318-11 D.5.3.1 and D.5.3.2, respectively, as applicable, in cracked and uncracked concrete, modeling static load conditions for a mechanical anchor, PROFIS Engineering uses
N p,cr and N p,uncr, respectively, is given in Tables 3 and 4. For all design cases, ψc,p = 1.0. In the ϕ-factors given in the ICC-ESR to calculate the design pullout strength. These
accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3 or ACI 318-11 D.5.3, as applicable, the nominal pullout strength ϕ-factors correspond to “Condition B” as defined in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3, and
in cracked concrete may be calculated in accordance with the following equation: are designated “ϕconcrete” in the PROFIS Engineering report. Design pullout strength
for static load conditions is designated “ϕNpn,f´c” in the PROFIS Engineering report,
f´c
Np,f´c = Np,cr (Eq-1) and is calculated as “ϕconcrete Npn,f´c” using the values from the mechanical anchor
2500 ICC-ESR. If seismic load conditions are being modeled; PROFIS Engineering
In regions where analysis indicates no cracking in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.6 or ACI 318- applies the additional 0.75 reduction factor to “ϕconcrete Npn,f’c” per Section
11 D.5.3.6, as applicable, the nominal pullout strength in tension may be calculated in accordance 17.2.3.4.4, and designates this factor “ϕseismic”. The report parameter “ϕNpn,f’c”
with the following equation: corresponds to “ϕseismic ϕconcrete Npn,f´c”.
f´c
2500 Reference the Equations and Results section of the report for more information
on the parameter Npn,f´c.
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-1917 showing values for N p,cr, N p,uncr and ϕ-factors.
ICC-ESR-1917 Table 3 Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the
Symbol Units
When modeling HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods with HIT-HY 200 adhesive in
Effective min. in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
hef
(mm) 38 51 70 51 83 79 102 83 95 121
PROFIS Engineering, Reference the Equations and Results section of the report
Pullout strength lb 2160 2515 4110 5515 9145 8280 10680 for information on the pullout parameter ϕNpn.
Np,uncr NA NA NA
cracked concrete (kn) (9.6) (11.2) (18.3) (24.5) (40.7) (36.8) (47.5)
Pullout strength lb NA 2270 3160 4915 When modeling cast-in anchors, PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal the
Np,cr NA NA NA NA NA NA
uncracked concrete (kn) (10.4) (14.1) (21.9) pullout strength in tension (Npn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1), and the parameter Np
Strength reduction 0 factor for per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.4). Reference the cast-in anchor report sections relevant
tension, concrete failure modes, or 0.55 0.65 to pullout strength in tension for more information.
pullout, Condition B
17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load
combinations of 5.3 are used:
strengths.
strengths.
17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked:
(c) 0
anchors

Results ϕpn
HIT-Z anchor 17.4.3.1 The nominal pullout strength of a single cast-in, post-installed expansion, and post- PROFIS Engineering calculates nominal pullout strength in tension (Npn) per ACI
ϕNpn pullout failure in lieu of bond failure must be considered for Hilti HIT-HY 200 used
Npn = ψc,p Np (17.4.3.1) with HIT-Z (carbon steel) or HIT-Z-R (stainless steel) threaded rods. Characteristic
pullout strength values derived from testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
17.4.3.2 For post-installed expansion and undercut anchors, the values of Np shall be based on AC308 in conjunction with the ACI test standard ACI 355.4 are used to calculate a
the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. It is not nominal pullout strength (Npn) for HIT-HY 200 when used with HIT-Z/Z-R threaded
permissible to calculate the pullout strength in tension for such anchors. rods. These characteristic values are shown as “Np,cr” and “Np,uncr” in Table
10 of ICC-ESR-3187. Table 10 also includes ϕ-factors derived from testing per
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 for Hilti HIT-HY 200 adhesive, referencing provisions for calculating AC308/ACI 355.4, which are shown as “ϕd ” and “ϕws”. When modeling static load
nominal pullout strength in tension (N pn) per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.3.1) with HIT-Z (carbon steel) or conditions for HIT-Z/Z-R threaded rods used with HY 200, PROFIS Engineering
HIT-Z-R (stainless steel) threaded rods. uses the Np,xxxx-values and ϕ-factors given in Table 10 of ICC-ESR-3187 to
calculate the design pullout strength. The ICC-ESR ϕ-factors correspond to
4.1.4.1 Static Pullout Strength in Tension: Hilti HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R Anchor Rods: The nominal “Condition B” as defined in
static pullout strength of a single anchor in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.3.1 and 17.4.3.2 or ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3, and are designated “ϕconcrete” in the PROFIS Engineering
ACI 318-11 D.5.3.1 and D.5.3.2, as applicable, in cracked and uncracked concrete, Np,cr and N p,uncr, report. Design pullout strength for static load conditions is designated “ϕNpn”
respectively, is given in Table 10. For all design cases, ψc,p = 1.0. in the PROFIS Engineering report, and is calculated as “ϕconcrete Npn” using the
relevant Np,xxxx-values and ϕ-factors from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10. If seismic load
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 showing values for N p,cr, N p,uncr and ϕ-factors derived from conditions are being modeled; PROFIS Engineering applies the additional 0.75
testing per AC308/ACI 355.4. reduction factor to “ϕconcrete Npn” per ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4, and designates
this factor “ϕseismic”. The PROFIS Engineering report parameter “ϕNpn” corresponds
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 10 to
“ϕseismic ϕconcrete Npn”.
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 Reference the Equations and Results section of the report for more information
on the parameter Npn.
Temperature
Range A
Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the
When modeling mechanical anchors in PROFIS Engineering, Reference the
Equations and Results section of the report for information on the pullout
Dry concrete, water saturated concrete
Anchor
- 1
parameter ϕN pn,f´c.
Permissible
Installation
Conditions
Category
ϕ d, ϕws - 0.65
17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load
strengths.
strengths.
17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined
(c) 0.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual
anchor in a group of anchors

Results Nua
Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for pullout failure in tension require
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to calculation of a nominal pullout strength (N pn). The nominal strength is multiplied by
sustained tensile loading. a strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) to obtain a design strength (ϕNpn).
Design strength is checked against a factored tension load, defined by the

Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the tension failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 anchoring- parameter “Nua”. Chapter 2 in ACI 318-14 gives the following definitions for the
to-concrete provisions. factored tension load parameter “Nua”.
• Nua = f actored tensile force applied to anchor or individual anchor in a group
of anchors (lb)
• Nua,i = f actored tensile force applied to most highly stressed anchor in a group
Anchor Group of anchors (lb)
Single • Nua,g = total factored tensile force applied to anchor group (lb)
Failure Mode Individual anchor Anchors as a
Anchor
in a Group group
The design pullout strength for a single anchor in tension (ϕNpn) calculated per
Section 17.4.3 is checked against the factored tension load acting on the anchor,
Concrete breakout strength in tension (17.4.2) ϕN cb ≥ Nua ϕN cbg ≥ Nua,g which is designated “Nua” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕNpn > Nua , the provisions for
considering pullout failure in tension have been satisfied per Table 17.3.1.1.
Pullout strength in tension (17.4.3) ϕNpn ≥ Nua ϕNpn ≥ Nua.i
Concrete side-face blowout strength in tension (17.4.4) ϕN sb ≥ Nua ϕN sbg ≥ Nuag If an application consists of a group of anchors in tension, Npn is calculated for
a single anchor, and the design strength (ϕNpn) is checked against the highest
Bond strengh of adhesive anchor in tension (17.4.5) ϕNa ≥ Nua ϕNag ≥ Nua.g individually loaded anchor in tension, which is designated “Nua,i ” in Table 17.3.1.1.
If ϕNpn > Nua,i, the provisions for considering pullout failure in tension have been
The PROFIS Engineering report uses the generic designation “Nua” to reference
either the only tension load acting on anchor, or the highest tension load acting
on an individual anchor within an anchor group. The PROFIS Engineering Load
Engine permits users to input service loads that are factored per IBC factored load
equations. Users can also import factored load combinations via a spreadsheet, or
input factored load combinations directly on the main screen. PROFIS Engineering
users are responsible for inputting tension loads. The software only performs
tension load checks per Table 17.3.1.1 if tension loads have been input via one of
the load input functionalities.
If a single anchor in tension is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates

the parameter ϕNpn, and checks this value against either (a) the factored tension
load acting on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input via the
Load Engine, (b) the factored tension load acting on the anchor, which has been
calculated using the loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the factored tension
load acting on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input in the
matrix on the main screen. The value for Nua shown in the report corresponds to
the factored tension load determined to be acting on the anchor.

the parameter ϕNpn, and checks this value against either (a) the total factored
tension load acting on the anchor group, which has been calculated using the
loads input via the Load Engine, (b) the total factored tension load acting on
the anchor group, which has been calculated using the loads imported from a
spreadsheet or (c) the total factored tension load acting on the anchor group, which
has been calculated using the loads input in the matrix on the main screen. The
value for Nua shown in the report corresponds to the total factored tension load
determined to be acting on the anchor group.

report for more information on the parameter ϕNpn.

PART 3 TENSION LOAD Side-Face Blowout Failure
Equation Nsb = 160 αcorner ca1

Nsb = 160 αcorner ca1 A brg λa f´c 17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the Side-face blowout is a tension failure mode that can occur when anchors are
nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed installed at a “deep” embedment (h ef > 2.5c a1), near a fixed edge (c a1). In lieu of
concrete breakout or pullout occurring, the applied tension load creates lateral
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1) bursting stresses at the head of the anchor which cause the concrete to “blow
out” at the face of the fixed edge. PROFIS Engineering assumes the parameter
If c a2 for the single headed anchor is less than 3c a1, the value of N sb shall be multiplied by the factor h ef corresponds to the embedded portion of the anchor that is “effective” in
(1 + c a2 /c a1)/4, where 1.0 < c a2 /c a1 < 3.0. transferring tension load from the anchor into the concrete. The parameter c a1
corresponds to the nearest fixed edge, i.e. the edge where side-face blowout is
PROFIS Engineering permits h ef -values ranging between 4d anchor and 25” to be input for the cast-in assumed to occur.
anchors in its portfolio.
Side-face blowout is a possible failure mode for cast-in anchors. Splitting failure,
PROFIS Engineering bearing area values (A brg) for the cast-in anchors in its portfolio. rather than side-face blowout, is a more common failure mode for post-installed
anchors; however, side-face blowout could possibly occur with undercut anchors.
PROFIS Engineering does not consider side-face blowout for the HDA-P and
HDA-T undercut anchors in its portfolio because it will not be a controlling tension
failure mode for these anchors. PROFIS Engineering only performs side-face
blowout calculations for the cast-in anchors in its portfolio.
When modeling a single anchor in tension, the side-face blowout strength for
a single anchor (N sb) is calculated, and modified by the factor (1 + ca2 /c a1)/4 if a
corner formed by the fixed edge distances ca1 and c a2 exists. PROFIS Engineering
designates this factor “αcorner”. The parameter c a2 corresponds to the fixed edge
perpendicular to c a1.
The PROFIS Engineering cast-in anchor portfolio is as follows:

•A
WS D1.1 Type B headed studs:
•A
STM F1554 hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
•A
STM F1554 heavy hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
Diameter Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area
Bearing area
Bearing area (1/2” – 2” nominal diameter)
MATERIAL (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2)
(d 0) (A brg in2)
•A
STM F1554 square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
SPECIFICATION welded square head heavy square
hex head bolt
heavy hex
(in) headed stud bolt bolt head bolt
0.500 0.589
AWS D1.1 Type 0.625 0.920 •A
STM F1554 heavy square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
B Headed Stud 0.750 0.785 (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
0.875 0.884
0.500 0.464 0.569 0.291 0.467
0.625 0.693 0.822 0.454 0.671 λa is a modification factor for lightweight concrete. PROFIS Engineering uses the
0.750 0.824 1.210 0.654 0.911 provisions of Sections 17.2.6 and 19.2.4 to calculate λa .
"ASTM F1554 0.875 1.121 1.465 0.891 1.188
Headed Bolt 1.000 1.465 1.855 1.163 1.501
1.125 1.854 2.291 1.472 1.851 f´c corresponds to the concrete compressive strength being modeled. PROFIS
Gr. 36, Gr.55, 1.250 2.228 2.773 1.817 2.237 Engineering uses the provisions of Section 17.2.7 to calculate f´c.
Gr. 105" 1.375 2.769 3.300 2.199 2.659
1.500 3.295 3.873 2.617 3.118
1.750 4.144
2.000 5.316 parameters c a1, c a2 , A brg, λa , and f´c .
17.2.6 Modification factor λa for lightweight concrete shall be taken as: Reference the Calculations section of the report for more information on the
parameters αcorner and N sb.
Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure……………….….1.0 λ where λ is determined in
accordance with 19.2.4.
17.2.7 The values of f´c used for calculation purposes in this chapter shall not exceed 10,000 psi
for cast-in anchors………………

Equation Nsb = 160 ca1

anchor group in tension 17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the Side-face blowout is a tension failure mode that can occur when anchors are
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed installed at a “deep” embedment (hef > 2.5ca1), near a fixed edge (ca1). In lieu of
concrete breakout or pullout occurring, the applied tension load creates lateral
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1) bursting stresses at the head of the anchors which cause the concrete to “blow
out” at the face of the fixed edge. The parameter h ef corresponds to the embedded
17.4.4.2 For multiple headed anchors with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1) and
portion of the anchor that is “effective” in transferring tension load from the anchor
anchor spacing less than 6c a1, the nominal strength of those anchors susceptible to a side-face
into the concrete. The parameter ca1 corresponds to the nearest fixed edge, where
blowout failure N sbg shall not exceed
side-face blowout is assumed to occur.
s
Nsbg = 1+ Nsb (17.4.4.2) Side-face blowout is a possible failure mode for cast-in anchors. Splitting failure,
6ca1
rather than side-face blowout, is a more common failure mode for post-installed
anchors; however, side-face blowout could possibly occur with undercut anchors.
where s is the distance between the outer anchors along the edge, and N sb is obtained from Eq.
PROFIS Engineering does not consider side-face blowout for the HDA-P and
(17.4.4.1) without modification for a perpendicular edge distance.
HDA-T undercut anchors in its portfolio because it will not be a controlling tension
PROFIS Engineering permits h ef -values ranging between 4d anchor and 25” to be input for the cast-in failure mode for these anchors. PROFIS Engineering only performs side-face
anchors in its portfolio. For the illustration below: N sbg = [1+ (sy1 + sy2)/6c a1] N sb blowout calculations for the cast-in anchors in its portfolio.
PROFIS Engineering bearing area values (A brg) for the cast-in anchors in its portfolio. When modeling a group of anchors in tension, the side-face blowout strength for
a single anchor (N sb) is calculated, and modified by the factor (1 + s/6ca1). PROFIS
Engineering designates this factor “αgroup”. The parameter “s” corresponds to the
distance between the outer anchors (e.g. sy1 + sy2 in the illustration to the left) along
the fixed edge being considered for side-face blowout. PROFIS Engineering limits
the value of “s” to “6ca1”; which means that PROFIS Engineering permits “αgroup”
values in the range:
1.0 < αgroup < 2.0
The modification factor “αcorner” is not used to calculate N sbg.

• AWS D1.1 Type B headed studs:
Profis Engineering cast-in anchor portfolios for bearing area (A brg). • ASTM F1554 hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area
Diameter Bearing area
MATERIAL (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2) • ASTM F1554 heavy hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
(d 0) (A brg in2)
SPECIFICATION welded square head heavy square heavy hex
(in) headed stud bolt bolt
hex head bolt
head bolt (1/2” – 2” nominal diameter)
AWS D1.1 0.500 0.589 • ASTM F1554 square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
0.625 0.920 (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
Type B
0.750 0.785
Headed Stud 0.875 0.884 • ASTM F1554 heavy square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
0.500 0.464 0.569 0.291 0.467
0.625 0.693 0.822 0.454 0.671
0.750 0.824 1.210 0.654 0.911
"ASTM F1554 0.875 1.121 1.465 0.891 1.188 λa is a modification factor for lightweight concrete.
Headed Bolt 1.000 1.465 1.855 1.163 1.501
1.125 1.854 2.291 1.472 1.851
Gr. 36, Gr.55, 1.250 2.228 2.773 1.817 2.237 f’c corresponds to the concrete compressive strength.
Gr. 105" 1.375 2.769 3.300 2.199 2.659
1.500 3.295 3.873 2.617 3.118 Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the
1.750 4.144
2.000 5.316
parameters ca1, ca2 , A brg, λa , f’c and s.
17.2.6 Modification factor λa for lightweight concrete shall be taken as: Reference the Calculations section of the report for more information on the
Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure……………….….1.0 λ where λ is determined in parameters αgroup and N sb.
accordance with 19.2.4.
Reference the PROFIS Engineering report section for N sb (single anchor) for
17.2.7 The values of f´c used for calculation purposes in this chapter shall not exceed 10,000 psi information on the parameter αcorner.

Equation ϕNsb
ϕNsb ≥ Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension check a calculated design
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to strength (ϕN N) against a factored tension load (N ua). The parameter ϕN sb
sustained tensile loading. corresponds to the design side-face blowout strength for a single anchor in
tension. The parameter N ua corresponds to the factored tension load acting on the
anchor. If ϕN sb ≥ N ua for the application being modeled, the provisions of Section
Table 17.3.1.1 17.3.1.1 are satisfied for side-face blowout failure.
Failure Mode Single Anchor Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Side-Face Blowout Strength in Tension ϕ N sb ≥ N ua Nsb: nominal side-face blowout strength in tension
ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for side-face blowout failure
ϕN sb: Design side-face blowout strength in tension

Equation ϕNsbg
ϕNsbg ≥ Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension check a calculated design
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to strength (ϕN N) against a factored tension load (N ua). The parameter ϕN sbg
sustained tensile loading. corresponds to the design side-face blowout strength for a group of anchors
in tension. When performing side-face blowout calculations, the parameter N ua
Table 17.3.1.1 corresponds to the factored tension load acting on the anchors nearest the fixed
Failure Mode Anchor Group edge being considered for side-face blowout. PROFIS Engineering designates this
parameter “N ua,edge”.
Side-Face Blowout Strength in Tension ϕN sbg ≥ N ua
If ϕN sbg ≥ N ua ,edge for the application being modeled, the provisions of Section
17.3.1.1 are satisfied for side-face blowout failure.
PROFIS Engineering uses the designation “N ua,edge” to denote the factored load acting on anchors
in tension nearest the fixed edge being considered for side-face blowout. Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
In Illustration #1 below, the total factored tension load acting on all six anchors is equals “N ua”. In N sbg: Nominal side-face blowout strength in tension
Illustration #2, the portion of N ua acting on the anchors in red, i.e. the anchors in tension nearest ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for side-face blowout failure
the fixed edge being considered for side-face blowout, equals “N ua,edge”. ϕ seismic: Strength reduction factor for seismic tension
N ua,edge: Factored load acting on anchors in tension nearest the fixed edge
Illustration #1 being considered for side-face blowout
Illustration #2

Equation Nsbg
Nsbg = α group Nsb 17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the When modeling a group of anchors in tension, the side-face blowout strength for
nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed a single anchor (N sb) is calculated, and modified by the factor (1 + s/6c a1). PROFIS
Engineering designates this group modification factor “αgroup”.
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1)
The parameter “s” corresponds to the distance between the outer anchors
If c a2 for the single headed anchor is less than 3c a1, the value of N sb shall be multiplied by the (e.g. sy1 + sy2 in the illustration to the left) along the fixed edge being considered
factor (1 + c a2 /c a1)/4, where 1.0 ≤ c a2 /c a1 ≤ 3.0. for side-face blowout. PROFIS Engineering limits the value of “s” to “6c a1”; which
means that PROFIS Engineering permits “αgroup” values in the range:
1.0 < αgroup < 2.0
Per Section 17.4.4.2: “N sb is obtained from Eq. (17.4.4.1) without modification for
s
Nsbg = 1+ Nsb (17.4.4.2) a perpendicular edge distance”. The modification factor “for a perpendicular
6ca1 edge distance” is defined in 17.4.4.1 as (1 + ca2 /c a1)/4, and is designated “αcorner”
in PROFIS Engineering. The PROFIS Engineering report will not include αcorner
when calculating side-face blowout for a group of anchors in tension. αcorner is only
considered when calculating side-face blowout for a single anchor in tension.
parameters c a1, c a2 , A brg, λa , f´c and s.
For the illustration below: N sbg = [1+ (s y1 + s y2)/6c a1] N sb = αgroup N sb
parameters αgroup and Nsb.
information on the parameter αcorner.

Equation αcorner
17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the PROFIS Engineering only performs side-face blowout calculations for the cast-in
ca2
1+ nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed anchors in its portfolio. When modeling a single anchor in tension, the side-face
ca1 blowout strength for a single anchor (N sb) is calculated per Eq. (17.4.4.1), and
αcorner = Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1) modified by the factor (1 + c a2 /c a1)/4 if a corner formed by the fixed edge distances
4 c a1 and c a2 exists. PROFIS Engineering designates this factor “αcorner”. The
parameter c a2 corresponds to the fixed edge perpendicular to c a1.
If c a2 for the single headed anchor is less than 3c a1, the value of N sb shall be multiplied by the
factor (1 + c a2 /c a1)/4, where 1.0 ≤ c a2 /c a1 ≤ 3.0.
PROFIS Engineering permits h ef -values ranging between 4d anchor and 25” to be input for the • ASTM F1554 hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
cast-in anchors in its portfolio (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
• ASTM F1554 heavy hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
• ASTM F1554 square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
• ASTM F1554 heavy square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
parameters c a1 and c a2 .
Reference the Equations, Calculations and Results section of the report for
more information on the parameter N sb.

Equation αgroup
17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the When modeling a group of anchors in tension, the side-face blowout strength for
s
αgroup = 1+ nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed a single anchor (N sb) is calculated, and modified by the factor (1 + s/6ca1), per Eq.
6ca1 (17.4.4.2). PROFIS Engineering designates (1 + s/6c a1) as “αgroup”.
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1)
N sbg calculations for a group of anchors in tension only consider the anchors
17.4.4.2 For multiple headed anchors with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1) and nearest to the edge where side-face blowout is being considered. Illustration 1 to
anchor spacing less than 6c a1, the nominal strength of those anchors susceptible to a side-face the left shows six anchors, all of which are in tension. The total factored tension
blowout failure N sbg shall not exceed load acting on these anchors is designated “N ua”. These anchors have been
numbered 1 through 6 in Illustration 2. Side-face blowout is being considered for
s the anchors highlighted in red, that are next to the x+ edge, and numbered 4, 5
Nsbg = 1+ Nsb (17.4.4.2)
6ca1 and 6. PROFIS Engineering designates the portion of the factored tension load
N ua acting on anchors 4, 5 and 6 as “N ua,edge”. The “αgroup” parameter “s” from
Illustration 2 corresponds to the distance between anchors 4 and 5 (= sy1)
where s is the distance between the outer anchors along the edge, and N sb is obtained from Eq. plus the distance between anchors 5 and 6 (= sy2); therefore, αgroup for this
(17.4.4.1) without modification for a perpendicular edge distance. application = (sy1 + sy2)/6c a1.
Illustration 1
Section 17.4.4.2 notes that “αgroup” is calculated when “anchor spacing is less than
6c a1”, “where s is the distance between the outer anchors along the edge”. For the
example shown in Illustration 2, αgroup is calculated if
(sy1 + sy2) < 6c a1. PROFIS Engineering limits the value of “s” to “6c a1”; which means
that PROFIS Engineering permits “αgroup” values in the range:
1.0 ≤ αgroup ≤ 2.0
parameters αgroup and N sb.
Illustration 2
N sbg = [1+ (s y1 + s y2)/6c a1] N sb = αgroup N sb

Variables ca1
ca1 2.2 – Notation When calculating nominal side-face blowout strength (N sb or N sbg), the parameter
“c a1” corresponds to the distance from the center of the anchor(s) to the nearest
c a1 = distance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in one direction, in. If fixed edge where side-face blowout is assumed to occur. When two or more fixed
shear is applied to anchor, c a1 is taken in the direction of the applied shear. If tension is applied edges are present, the parameter c a2 corresponds to the fixed edge perpendicular
to the anchor, c a1 is the minimum edge distance. Where anchors subject to shear are located in to c a1 such that c a1 < c a2 .
narrow sections of limited thickness, see 17.5.2.4.
17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the PROFIS Engineering only performs side-face blowout calculations for the
nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed cast-in anchors in its portfolio. The software uses the minimum edge distance
requirements given in Section 17.7.2 for these anchors.
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1)
The illustration to the left shows how the parameters c a1 and c a2 are utilized for
If c a2 for the single headed anchor is less than 3c a1, the value of N sb shall be multiplied by the side-face blowout calculations.
factor (1 + c a2 /c a1)/4, where 1.0 ≤ ca2/ca1 ≤ 3.0.
17.4.4.2 For multiple headed anchors with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1) and parameters c a2 , A brg, λa , f´c and s.
blowout failure N sbg shall not exceed Reference the Calculations section of the report for more information on the
parameter N sb.
s
Nsbg = 1+ Nsb (17.4.4.2)
6ca1
17.7.2 Unless determined in accordance with 17.7.4, minimum edge distances for cast-in anchors
that will not be torqued shall be based on specified cover requirements for reinforcement in 20.6.1.
For cast-in anchors that will be torqued, the minimum edge distances shall be 6 da .
Illustration showing the parameters c a1 and c a2 that are used in side-face blowout calculations.
single anchor
anchor group

Variables ca2
ca2 2.2 – Notation When calculating nominal side-face blowout strength (N sb or N sbg), the parameter
“c a1” corresponds to the distance from the center of the anchor(s) to the nearest
c a2 = distance from center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in the direction perpendicular fixed edge where side-face blowout is assumed to occur. When two or more fixed
to c a1, in. edges are present, the parameter c a2 corresponds to the fixed edge perpendicular
17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the to c a1 such that c a1 < c a2 .
nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed
PROFIS Engineering only performs side-face blowout calculations for the
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1) cast-in anchors in its portfolio. The software uses the minimum edge distance
If c a2 for the single headed anchor is less than 3c a1, the value of N sb shall be multiplied by the
factor (1 + c a2 /c a1)/4, where 1.0 ≤ c a2 /c a1 ≤ 3.0. The illustration to the left shows how the parameters c a1 and c a2 are utilized for
side-face blowout calculations.
anchor spacing less than 6c a1, the nominal strength of those anchors susceptible to a side-face Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the
blowout failure N sbg shall not exceed parameters c a1, A brg, λa , f´c and s.
s Reference the Calculations section of the report for more information on the
Nsbg = 1+ Nsb (17.4.4.2)
6ca1 parameter N sb.
For cast-in anchors that will be torqued, the minimum edge distances shall be 6d a .
Illustration showing the parameters c a1 and c a2 that are used in side-face blowout calculations.
single anchor
anchor group

Variables Abrg
A brg 17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the The parameter “N sb ” in Eq. (17.4.4.1) is defined as the “side-face blowout strength
nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed of a single anchor”. It forms the basis for all side-face blowout calculations.
N sb is multiplied by additional factors if designing a single anchor in a corner,
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1) or designing a group of anchors subject to possible blowout failure. PROFIS
Engineering only considers side-face blowout failure when modeling cast-in
If c a2 for the single headed anchor is less than 3c a1, the value of N sb shall be multiplied by the anchors. The PROFIS Engineering cast-in anchor portfolio is as follows:
factor (1 + c a2 /c a1)/4, where 1.0 ≤ c a2 /c a1 ≤ 3.0
•A
•A
Profis Engineering cast-in anchor portfolios for bearing area (A brg). (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
Diameter Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area
Bearing area
Bearing area •A
SPECIFICATION
(d 0) welded square head heavy square
(A brg in2)
heavy hex (1/2” – 2” nominal diameter)
(in) hex head bolt
headed stud bolt bolt head bolt
•A
0.500 0.589
AWS D1.1
0.625 0.920
Type B
0.750 0.785 •A
Headed Stud 0.875 0.884
0.500 0.464 0.569 0.291 0.467
0.625 0.693 0.822 0.454 0.671
0.750 0.824 1.210 0.654 0.911 J-bolts and L-bolts are not included in the PROFIS Engineering cast-in anchor
"ASTM F1554 0.875 1.121 1.465 0.891 1.188 portfolio.
Headed Bolt 1.000 1.465 1.855 1.163 1.501
1.125 1.854 2.291 1.472 1.851
Gr. 36, Gr.55, 1.250 2.228 2.773 1.817 2.237 PROFIS Engineering utilizes the bearing area parameters (A brg) shown in the table
Gr. 105" 1.375 2.769 3.300 2.199 2.659 to the left to calculate the parameter N sb per Eq. (17.4.4.1) for the cast-in anchors
1.500 3.295 3.873 2.617 3.118
1.750 4.144 in its portfolio.
2.000 5.316
parameters c a1, c a2 , λa , f´c and s.
parameter N sb.

Variables λa
λa 17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the λa is a modification factor for lightweight concrete. Generally speaking, ACI 318
nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed applies a multiplier to the parameter √f´c to “account for the properties of
lightweight concrete”, and designates this parameter “λ”. The parameter “λa“ is
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1) a modification of “λ” that specifically “accounts for the properties of lightweight
concrete” with respect to anchoring-to-concrete calculations, hence the subscript
17.2.6 Modification factor λ a for lightweight concrete shall be taken as: “a” in “λa”. Per Section 17.2.6, the modification factor λ, determined per the
Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 λ provisions of Section 19.2.4, is multiplied by an additional factor that is specific to
the type of anchor being used, to obtain the parameter λa .
Expansion and adhesive anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 λ
Adhesive anchor bond failure per Eq. (17.4.5.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 λ PROFIS Engineering uses the λ-value that has been input, to calculate a λa -value
for the anchor being modeled. PROFIS Engineering users can input a λ-value
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4. It shall be permitted to use an alternative value of
based on the properties of the lightweight concrete being used in the application.
λ a where tests have been performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4.
Any λ-value between 0.75 and 1.0 can be input.
19.2.4 Lightweight concrete
PROFIS Engineering only performs side-face blowout calculations for the cast-in
19.2.4.1 To account for the properties of lightweight concrete, a modification factor λ is used as a anchors in its portfolio. The parameter λa is included in Eq. (17.4.4.1) to calculate
multiplier of √f´c in all applicable provisions of this Code. the nominal side-face blowout strength for a single anchor (N sb). Per Section
17.2.6, if lightweight concrete conditions are being modeled, PROFIS Engineering
19.2.4.2 The value of λ shall be based on the composition of the aggregate in the concrete mixture
will use (λa = 1.0 λ) to calculate N sb with Eq. (17.4.4.1).
in accordance with Table 19.2.4.2 or as permitted in 19.2.4.3.
Table 19.2.4.2 — Modification factor λ Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the
parameters c a1, c a2 , A brg, f´c and s.
Fine: ASTM C330 Reference the Calculations section of the report for more information on the
All-lightweight 0.75
Coarse: ASTM C330 parameters N sb.
Coarse: ASTM C330
Fine: ASTM C33
Coarse: ASTM C330
0.85 to 1 [2]
course blend Coarse: Combination of ASTM C330 and 33
Fine: ASTM C33
Normal weight 1
Coarse: ASTM C33
1 L inear interopolation of 0.75 to 0.85 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal weight fine friction aggregate
as a fraction of the total absolute volume of fine aggregate.
2 L inear interopolation of 0.85 to 1 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal weight coarse friction aggregate
as a fraction of the total absolute volume of coarse aggregate.
19.2.4.3 If the measured average splitting tensile strength of lightweight concrete, fct , is used to
value of fct and the corresponding value of fcm and λ shall be calculated by:
fct
λ = ≤ 1.0 (19.2.4.3)
6.7 fcm
Work.

Variables f´c
f´c 17.2.7 The values of f´c used for calculation purposes in this chapter shall not exceed 10,000 psi f´c is a parameter used to define concrete compressive strength. This parameter is
for cast-in anchors, and 8000 psi for post-installed anchors. Testing is required for post-installed used to calculate the nominal side-face blowout strength for a single anchor (N sb)
anchors when used in concrete with f´c greater than 8000 psi. per Eq. (17.4.4.1).
17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the anchors in its portfolio. Users can input an f´c -value within the range
nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed 2500 psi ≤ f´c ≤ 10,000 psi for calculating N sb. The maximum f´c -value for
calculations will be limited to 10,000 psi.
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1)
•A
•A
•A
•A
•A
parameters c a1, c a2 , A brg, λa and s.
parameters N sb.

Variables s
s 17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the When modeling a group of anchors in tension, the side-face blowout strength for
nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed a single anchor (N sb) is calculated per Eq. (17.4.4.1) and modified by the factor (1 +
s/6c a1), per Eq. (17.4.4.2). PROFIS Engineering designates (1 + s/6c a1) as “αgroup”.
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1)
17.4.4.2 For multiple headed anchors with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1) and anchors in its portfolio. The software uses the minimum spacing requirements
anchor spacing less than 6c a1, the nominal strength of those anchors susceptible to a side-face given in Section 17.7.1 for these anchors.
N sbg calculations for a group of anchors in tension only consider the anchors
s nearest to the edge where side-face blowout is being considered. The illustration
Nsbg = 1+ Nsb (17.4.4.2)
6ca1 to the left shows six anchors, numbered 1 through 6. Side-face blowout is being
considered for the anchors highlighted in red, that are next to the x+ edge,
and numbered 4, 5 and 6. Assuming “αgroup” corresponds to the Eq. (17.4.4.2)
where s is the distance between the outer anchors along the edge, and N sb is obtained from Eq. parameter (1 + s/6c a1), the value for “s” that is used to calculate αgroup corresponds
(17.4.4.1) without modification for a perpendicular edge distance. to the distance between anchors 4 and 5 (= sy1) plus the distance between
anchors 5 and 6 (= sy2). Therefore, “αgroup” for this application is defined using
17.7.1 Unless determined in accordance with 17.7.4, minimum center-to-center spacing of anchors
“s” = (sy1 + sy2) such that αgroup = (sy1 + sy2)/6c a1.
shall be 4d a for cast-in anchors that will not be torqued, and 6da for torqued cast-in anchors and
post-installed anchors.
The PROFIS Engineering parameter “αgroup” corresponds to the parameter (1+ s/6c a1) given in Eq. 6c a1”, “where s is the distance between the outer anchors along the edge”. For the
(17.4.4.2). For the application being illustrated below: example shown in the illustration, αgroup is calculated if (sy1 + sy2) < 6c a1. PROFIS
Engineering limits the value of “s” to “6c a1”; which means that PROFIS Engineering
N sbg = αgroup N sb = [1+ (sy1 + sy2)/6c a1] N sb permits “αgroup” values in the range:
1.0 ≤ αgroup ≤ 2.0
parameters c a1, c a2 , A brg, λa , and f´c.
parameters αgroup and N sb.

Calculations αcorner
17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the When modeling a single anchor in tension, the side-face blowout strength for a
ca2
1+ nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed single anchor (N sb) is calculated per Eq. (17.4.4.1), and modified by the factor
ca1 (1 + c a2 /c a1)/4 if a corner exists. PROFIS Engineering designates the factor
αcorner = Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1) (1 + ca2 /c a1)/4 as “αcorner”. The parameter “c a1” corresponds to the distance from
4 the center of the anchor to the nearest fixed edge where side-face blowout is
If c a2 for the single headed anchor is less than 3c a1, the value of N sb shall be multiplied by the factor assumed to occur. When two or more fixed edges create a corner, the parameter
(1 + c a2 /c a1)/4, where 1.0 ≤ c a2 /c a1 ≤ 3.0. c a2 corresponds to the fixed edge perpendicular to c a1 such that c a1 < c a2 . Per the
provisions given in 17.4.4.1, PROFIS Engineering does not calculate “αcorner” if
17.7.2 Unless determined in accordance with 17.7.4, minimum edge distances for cast-in anchors c a2 ≥ 3c a1. The report will show αcorner = 1.0 if c a2 ≥ 3c a1.
For cast-in anchors that will be torqued, the minimum edge distances shall be 6d a . PROFIS Engineering only performs side-face blowout calculations for the
cast-in anchors in its portfolio. The software uses the minimum edge distance

• ASTM F1554 hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
parameters c a1 and c a2 .
more information on the parameter N sb.

Calculations αgroup
17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the When modeling a group of anchors in tension, the side-face blowout strength for
s
αgroup = 1+ nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed a single anchor (N sb) is calculated, and modified by the factor (1 + s/6ca1), per Eq.
6ca1 (17.4.4.2). PROFIS Engineering designates the factor (1 + s/6ca1) as “αgroup”.
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1)
17.4.4.2 For multiple headed anchors with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1) and anchors in its portfolio. The software uses the minimum spacing requirements
anchor spacing less than 6ca1, the nominal strength of those anchors susceptible to a side-face given in Section 17.7.1 and the minimum edge distance
blowout failure N sbg shall not exceed requirements given in Section 17.7.2 for these anchors.
s N sbg calculations for a group of anchors in tension only consider the anchors
Nsbg = 1+ Nsb (17.4.4.2)
6ca1 nearest to the edge where side-face blowout is being considered. Illustration 1 to
the left shows six anchors, all of which are in tension. These anchors have been
numbered 1 through 6 in Illustration 2. Side-face blowout is being considered for
where s is the distance between the outer anchors along the edge, and N sb is obtained from Eq. the anchors highlighted in red, that are next to the x+ edge, and numbered 4, 5
(17.4.4.1) without modification for a perpendicular edge distance. and 6. The “αgroup” parameter “s” from Illustration 2 corresponds to the distance
between anchors 4 and 5 (= sy1) plus the distance between anchors 5 and 6 (= sy2);
17.7.1 Unless determined in accordance with 17.7.4, minimum center-to-center spacing of anchors
therefore, αgroup for this application equals (sy1 + sy2)/6c a1.
shall be 4d a for cast-in anchors that will not be torqued, and 6da for torqued cast-in anchors and
post-installed anchors.
17.7.2 Unless determined in accordance with 17.7.4, minimum edge distances for cast-in anchors 6c a1”, “where s is the distance between the outer anchors along the edge”. When
that will not be torqued shall be based on specified cover requirements for reinforcement in 20.6.1. calculating αgroup, PROFIS Engineering limits the value of the total spacing along
For cast-in anchors that will be torqued, the minimum edge distances shall be 6d a . the outer edge to 6c a1; which means that PROFIS Engineering uses “αgroup” values
in the range:
Illustration 1 α1.0 ≤ αgroup ≤ 2.0
For the example shown in Illustration 2, PROFIS Engineering would calculate

αgroup = (sy1 + sy2)/6c a1 if (sy1 + sy2) < 6c a1. PROFIS Engineering would calculate
α group = 2.0 if (s y1 + s y2) > 6c a1.
parameters c a1, c a2 , and s.
parameter αgroup.
Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the report for more
information on the parameter N sb.
Illustration 2
N sbg = [1+ (sy1 + sy2)/6c a1] N sb = αgroup N sb

Calculations Nsb
single anchor in tension 17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the PROFIS Engineering calculates side-face blowout when the anchor effective
nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed embedment depth (h ef) is greater than 2.5 times the nearest fixed edge (c a1). The
N sb applied tension load creates lateral bursting stresses at the head of the anchor
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1) which cause the concrete to “blow out” at the face of the fixed edge.
Side-face blowout is a possible failure mode for cast-in anchors and post-installed
If c a2 for the single headed anchor is less than 3c a1, the value of N sb shall be multiplied by the factor undercut anchors; however, PROFIS Engineering does not consider side-face
(1 + c a2 /c a1)/4, where 1.0 < c a2 /c a1 < 3.0. blowout for the HDA-P and HDA-T undercut anchors in its portfolio because it will
not be a controlling tension failure mode for these anchors.
PROFIS Engineering calculation for Nsb:
Nsb = 160 αcorner ca1 A brg λa f´c When modeling a single anchor in tension, the side-face blowout strength for
a single anchor (N sb) is calculated, and modified by the factor (1 + ca2 /c a1)/4 if a
corner formed by the fixed edge distances ca1 and c a2 exists. PROFIS Engineering
designates this factor “αcorner”. The parameter c a2 corresponds to the fixed edge
perpendicular to c a1.
anchors in its portfolio.
This portfolio is as follows:
•A
•A
•A
PROFIS Engineering bearing area values (A brg) for the cast-in anchors in its portfolio.
Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area
MATERIAL
Diameter
(A brg in2) (A brg in2) (A brg in2)
Bearing area
(A brg in2)
•A
(d 0) (A brg in2)
hex head bolt
heavy hex
•A
AWS D1.1 0.500 0.589
0.625 0.920 (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
Type B
0.750 0.785
Headed Stud 0.875 0.884 The software uses the minimum spacing requirements given in Section 17.7.1
0.500 0.464 0.569 0.291 0.467
0.625 0.693 0.822 0.454 0.671 and the minimum edge distance requirements given in Section 17.7.2 for cast-in
0.750 0.824 1.210 0.654 0.911 anchors.
"ASTM F1554 0.875 1.121 1.465 0.891 1.188
1.000 1.465 1.855 1.163 1.501
Headed Bolt
1.125 1.854 2.291 1.472 1.851
λa is a modification factor for lightweight concrete. PROFIS Engineering uses the
Gr. 36, Gr.55, 1.250 2.228 2.773 1.817 2.237 provisions of Sections 17.2.6 and 19.2.4 to calculate λa .
Gr. 105" 1.375 2.769 3.300 2.199 2.659
1.500 3.295 3.873 2.617 3.118 f´c corresponds to the concrete compressive strength being modeled. PROFIS
1.750 4.144
2.000 5.316 Engineering uses the provisions of Section 17.2.7 to calculate f´c.
17.2.6 Modification factor λa for lightweight concrete shall be taken as: Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the
Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 λ where λ is parameters c a1, c a2 , A brg, λa , f´c and s.
determined in accordance with 19.2.4.
17.2.7 The values of f´c used for calculation purposes in this chapter shall not exceed 10,000 psi parameter N sb .
17.7.1 Unless determined in accordance with 17.7.4, minimum center-to-center spacing of information on the parameter α corner.
anchors shall be 4d a for cast-in anchors that will not be torqued, and 6da for torqued cast-in
anchors…………………….

Calculations Nsb
anchor group in tension 17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the PROFIS Engineering calculates side-face blowout when the anchor effective
nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed embedment depth (h ef) is greater than 2.5 times the nearest fixed edge (c a1). The
N sb applied tension load creates lateral bursting stresses at the head of the anchor
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1) which cause the concrete to “blow out” at the face of the fixed edge. Side-face
blowout is a possible failure mode for cast-in anchors and post-installed undercut
anchors; however, PROFIS Engineering does not consider side-face blowout for
anchor spacing less than 6ca1, the nominal strength of those anchors susceptible to a side-face
the HDA-P and HDA-T undercut anchors in its portfolio because it will not be a
controlling tension failure mode for these anchors.
s
Nsbg = 1+ Nsb (17.4.4.2) When modeling a group of anchors in tension, the side-face blowout strength for
6ca1 a single anchor (N sb) is calculated, and modified by the factor (1 + s/6ca1). PROFIS
Engineering designates this factor “αgroup”. The parameter “s” corresponds to the
distance between the outer anchors (e.g. sy1 + sy2 in the illustration to the left)
along the fixed edge being considered for side-face blowout.
PROFIS Engineering permits h ef -values ranging between 4d anchor and 25” to be input for the cast-in The PROFIS Engineering cast-in anchor portfolio is as follows:
anchors in its portfolio. •A
•A
•A
•A
•A
λa is a modification factor for lightweight concrete.
f´c corresponds to the concrete compressive strength.
parameter N sb.
information on the parameter αgroup.

Calculations Nsb (continued)

anchor group in tension PROFIS Engineering bearing area values (A brg) for the cast-in anchors in its portfolio.
N sb Diameter Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area

Bearing area
Bearing area
(d 0) (A brg in2)
hex head bolt
heavy hex
AWS D1.1 0.500 0.589

0.625 0.920
Type B
0.750 0.785
0.500 0.464 0.569 0.291 0.467
0.625 0.693 0.822 0.454 0.671
0.750 0.824 1.210 0.654 0.911
"ASTM F1554 0.875 1.121 1.465 0.891 1.188
Headed Bolt 1.000 1.465 1.855 1.163 1.501
1.125 1.854 2.291 1.472 1.851
Gr. 36, Gr.55, 1.250 2.228 2.773 1.817 2.237
Gr. 105" 1.375 2.769 3.300 2.199 2.659
1.500 3.295 3.873 2.617 3.118
1.750 4.144
2.000 5.316
17.2.6 Modification factor λa for lightweight concrete shall be taken as:
Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 λ where λ is

determined in accordance with 19.2.4.
17.7.1 Unless determined in accordance with 17.7.4, minimum center-to-center spacing of


Results Nsb
N sb 17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the PROFIS Engineering calculates side-face blowout when the anchor effective
nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed embedment depth (h ef) is greater than 2.5 times the nearest fixed edge (c a1).
When modeling a single anchor in tension, the side-face blowout strength for a
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1) single anchor (N sb) is calculated per Eq. (17.4.4.1), and modified by the factor (1 +
c a2 /c a1)/4 if a corner formed by the fixed edge distances ca1 and c a2 exists. PROFIS
If c a2 for the single headed anchor is less than 3c a1, the value of N sb shall be multiplied by the factor
Engineering designates this factor “αcorner”. The parameter c a2 corresponds to the
(1 + c a2 /c a1)/4, where 1.0 ≤ c a2 /c a1 ≤ 3.0.
fixed edge perpendicular to c a1.
PROFIS Engineering permits h ef -values ranging between 4danchor and 25” to be input for the
cast-in anchors in its portfolio. PROFIS Engineering designates the factor (1 + c a2 /c a1)/4 as “αcorner”. PROFIS Engineering only performs side-face blowout calculations for the cast-in
PROFIS Engineering calculation for N sb: anchors in its portfolio.
This portfolio is as follows:
Nsb = 160 αcorner ca1 A brg λa f´c
Values for bearing area (A brg) used by PROFIS Engineering to calculate N sb are
shown to the left.
The software uses the minimum spacing requirements given in Section 17.7.1
and the minimum edge distance requirements given in Section 17.7.2 for cast-in
anchors.
λa is a modification factor for lightweight concrete. PROFIS Engineering uses the

provisions of Sections 17.2.6 and 19.2.4 to calculate λa .
f´c corresponds to the concrete compressive strength being modeled. PROFIS

Engineering uses the provisions of Section 17.2.7 to calculate f´c.
information on the parameter N sb .

Results Nsb (continued)

N sb PROFIS Engineering bearing area values (A brg) for the cast-in anchors in its portfolio.
Diameter Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area Bearing area

Bearing area
(d 0) (A brg in2)
hex head bolt
heavy hex
AWS D1.1 0.500 0.589

0.625 0.920
Type B
0.750 0.785
0.500 0.464 0.569 0.291 0.467
0.625 0.693 0.822 0.454 0.671
0.750 0.824 1.210 0.654 0.911
"ASTM F1554 0.875 1.121 1.465 0.891 1.188
Headed Bolt 1.000 1.465 1.855 1.163 1.501
1.125 1.854 2.291 1.472 1.851
Gr. 36, Gr.55, 1.250 2.228 2.773 1.817 2.237
Gr. 105" 1.375 2.769 3.300 2.199 2.659
1.500 3.295 3.873 2.617 3.118
1.750 4.144
2.000 5.316
Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 λ
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4.
17.7.1 Unless determined in accordance with 17.7.4, minimum center-to-center spacing of


Results Nsbg
N sbg = α group Nsb 17.4.4.1 For a single headed anchor with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1), the When modeling a group of anchors in tension, the side-face blowout strength for a
nominal side-face blowout strength, N sb, shall not exceed single anchor (N sb) is calculated per Eq. (17.4.4.1), and modified by the factor
(1 + s/6c a1). PROFIS Engineering designates this group modification factor “αgroup”.
Nsb = 160ca1 A brg λa f´c (17.4.4.1)
The parameter “s” corresponds to the distance between the outer anchors
If c a2 for the single headed anchor is less than 3c a1, the value of N sb shall be multiplied by the factor
(e.g. sy1 + sy2 in the illustration to the left) along the fixed edge being considered
(1 + c a2 /c a1)/4, where 1.0 ≤ c a2 /c a1 ≤ 3.0.
for side-face blowout. PROFIS Engineering limits the value of “s” to “6c a1”; which
17.4.4.2 For multiple headed anchors with deep embedment close to an edge (h ef > 2.5c a1) and means that PROFIS Engineering permits “αgroup” values in the range:
anchor spacing less than 6ca1, the nominal strength of those anchors susceptible to a side-face 1.0 ≤ αgroup ≤ 2.0
Per Section 17.4.4.2: “N sb is obtained from Eq. (17.4.4.1) without modification for
s a perpendicular edge distance”. The modification factor “for a perpendicular
Nsbg = 1+ Nsb (17.4.4.2) edge distance” is defined in 17.4.4.1 as (1 + ca2 /c a1)/4, and is designated “αcorner”
6ca1
in PROFIS Engineering. The PROFIS Engineering report will not include αcorner
when calculating side-face blowout for a group of anchors in tension. αcorner is only
where s is the distance between the outer anchors along the edge, and N sb is obtained from Eq. considered when calculating side-face blowout for a single anchor in tension.
PROFIS Engineering permits h ef -values ranging between 4danchor and 25” to be input for the parameters c a1, c a2 , A brg, λa , f´c and s.
cast-in anchors in its portfolio. PROFIS Engineering designates the factor (1 + s/6ca1) noted in Eq.
(17.4.4.2) as “αgroup”. PROFIS Engineering calculation for N sbg: Reference the Equations section of the report for more information on the
parameter N sbg.
where N sb is calculated per Eq. (17.4.4.1) without the modification factor (1 + ca2 /c a1)/4 for corner
conditions.
For the illustration below, PROFIS Engineering would calculate the parameter αgroup as follows: information on the parameter N sb when calculating N sbg for an anchor group
αgroup = [1+ (sy1 + sy2)/6c a1].
information on the parameter αgroup.

Results ϕconcrete
ϕconcrete 17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load ACI 318-14 strength design provisions treat side-face blowout failure in tension as
combinations of 5.3 are used: a “concrete” failure mode. The nominal side-face blowout strength (N sb or N sbg) is
multiplied by one or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design
(c) Anchor governed by concrete breakout, side-face blowout, pullout, or pryout strength side-face blowout strength (ϕN sb or ϕN sbg). The ϕ-factors given in
ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3 are used to calculate the design strength for pullout
Condition A Condition B failure, concrete breakout failure and side-face blowout failure in tension. These
ϕ-factors are relevant to static load conditions. An additional strength reduction
(ii) Tension loads Cast-in headed studs, headed bolts, or factor (= 0.75) is used to calculate the design strength for these failure modes if
0.75 0.70 the anchorage design is based on seismic load conditions.
hooked bolts
PROFIS Engineering designates the ϕ-factor corresponding to “concrete” failure

modes for static load conditions “ϕconcrete”, and applies this ϕ-factor to the nominal
pullout strength, concrete breakout strength and side-face blowout strengths in
Category 1 0.75 0.65 tension to obtain a design strength. If seismic load conditions are being modeled,
(Low sensitivity to Installation and high reliability) PROFIS Engineering also applies the 0.75 seismic reduction factor to the design
strength.
(Medium sensitivity to Installation and medium reliability) PROFIS Engineering only calculates side-face blowout strength for the cast-in
anchors in its portfolio. This portfolio is as follows:
(High sensitivity to Installation and lower reliability) • AWS D1.1 Type B headed studs:
strengths. • ASTM F1554 heavy hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105:
strengths.
When designing cast-in-place anchors, PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors

given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3(c)(ii) to calculate the design side-face blowout
strength.
PROFIS Engineering defaults to the Condition B ϕ-factor when calculating design

side-face blowout strength. If Condition A is selected as a design parameter,
PROFIS Engineering uses the Condition A ϕ-factors given in ACI 318-14 Section
17.3.3 to calculate the design side-face blowout strength in tension.
PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 reduction factor noted in ACI 318-14
Section 17.2.3.4.4 for seismic load conditions “ϕ seismic”.
ϕN sb or ϕN sbg: Design side-face blowout strength in tension

Results ϕseismic
ϕseismic 17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for side-face blowout failure in tension
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the require calculation of a nominal side-face blowout strength (N sb or N sbg). The
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: nominal strength is multiplied by one or more strength reduction factors
(ϕ-factors) to obtain a design side-face blowout strength (ϕN sb or ϕN sbg). ϕ-factors
(a) ϕN sa for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of are relevant to static and seismic load conditions.
anchors
ϕN sa corresponds to steel failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 reduction factor noted in ACI 318-14
Section 17.2.3.4.4 for seismic load conditions “ϕ seismic”. This reduction is applied to
non-steel failure modes when calculating tension design strengths for both cast-
in-place and post-installed anchors.
(b) 0.75ϕN cb or 0.75ϕNcbg except that Ncb or N cbg need not be calculated where anchor
reinforcement satisfying 17.4.2.9 is provided PROFIS Engineering only calculates side-face blowout strength for the cast-in
[ϕNcb or ϕNcbg correspond to concrete breakout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] anchors in its portfolio. This portfolio is as follows:
•A
c) 0
.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of •A
anchors (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
[ϕN pn corresponds to pullout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] •A

•A
(d) 0.75ϕN sb or 0.75ϕN sbg (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
•A
[ϕN sb or ϕN sbg correspond to side-face blowout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
When calculating the design side-face blowout strength in tension for cast-in-
(e) 0.75ϕNa or 0.75ϕNag place anchors, the parameter “ϕconcrete” in the PROFIS Engineering report is taken
from Section 17.3.3, and corresponds to the parameter “ϕ” shown in Section
ϕN a or ϕNag correspond to bond failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] 17.2.3.4.4.
where ϕ is in accordance with 17.3.3. information on the following parameters:
ϕN sb or ϕN sbg: Design pullout strength in tension
PROFIS Engineering calculations for side-face blowout failure in tension when seismic load
conditions are being modeled:
single anchor: design side-face blowout strength = ϕseismic ϕconcrete N sb .
anchor group: design side-face blowout strength = ϕseismic ϕconcrete N sbg .

ϕnonductile ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for side-face blowout failure in tension
require calculation of a nominal side-face blowout strength (N sb or N sbg). The
17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined nominal strength is multiplied by one or more strength reduction factors
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design side-face blowout strength (ϕN sb or ϕN sbg). ϕ-factors
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: are relevant to static and seismic load conditions.
(a) ϕN sa for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of
Section 17.2.3.4.4 for seismic load conditions “ϕ seismic”. This reduction is applied
to non-steel failure modes when calculating tension design strengths for both
cast-in-place and post-installed anchors using ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete
(b) 0.75ϕN cb or 0.75ϕNcbg except that Ncb or N cbg need not be calculated where anchor provisions.
When using ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions to calculate the design
side-face blowout strength in tension for cast-in-place anchors, the parameter
(c) 0.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of “ϕconcrete” in the PROFIS Engineering report corresponds to the parameter “ϕ”
anchors shown in ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4.
The parameter “ϕ nonductile” is a reduction factor for seismic load conditions that
(d) 0.75ϕN sb or 0.75ϕN sbg is given in Part D.3.3.6 of the anchoring-to-concrete provisions in ACI 318-08
Appendix D. This reduction factor can range from a value of 0.4 to 1.0, depending
(e) 0.75ϕN a or 0.75ϕNag “ϕnonductile” is not a relevant parameter for seismic design per ACI 318-14 Chapter
14 calculations as equal to 1.0.
where ϕ is in accordance with 17.3.3.
Reference the PROFIS Engineering Design Guide for ACI 318-08 anchoring-to-
ACI 318-08 Part D.3.3.6
0.5 times the design strength determined in accordance with D.3.3.3.

Results ϕNsb
ϕNsb 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for side-face blowout failure in tension
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to require calculation of a nominal side-face blowout strength (N sb or N sbg). The
sustained tensile loading. nominal strength is multiplied by one or more strength reduction factors
Table 17.3.1.1 are relevant to static and seismic load conditions.
Side-Face Blowout Strength in Tension ϕ Nsb ≥ Nua Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
PROFIS Engineering calculations for design side-face blowout failure in tension: information on the following parameters:
N sb: Nominal side-face blowout strength in tension
single anchor — static load conditions
design side-face blowout strength = ϕconcrete N sb . ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for side-face blowout failure
single anchor — seismic load conditions
design side-face blowout strength = ϕseismic ϕconcrete Nsb . N ua: Factored load acting on anchors in tension
Results ϕNsbg
ϕNsbg 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for side-face blowout failure in tension
Table 17.3.1.1 are relevant to static and seismic load conditions.
Failure Mode Anchor Group
Side-Face Blowout Strength in Tension ϕ N sbg ≥ N ua Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
PROFIS Engineering calculations for design side-face blowout failure in tension: information on the following parameters:
N sbg: Nominal side-face blowout strength in tension
anchor group — static load conditions
design side-face blowout strength = ϕconcrete N sbg . ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for side-face blowout failure
anchor group — seismic load conditions
design side-face blowout strength = ϕseismic ϕconcrete Nsbg . N ua,edge: Factored load acting on anchors in tension nearest the fixed
edge being considered for side-face blowout

Results Nua
Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for side-face blowout failure in tension
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to require calculation of a nominal side-face blowout strength
sustained tensile loading. (N sb or N sbg). The nominal strength is multiplied by one or more strength reduction
factors (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design strength (ϕN sb or ϕN sbg). ϕ-factors are
Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the tension failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 relevant to static and seismic load conditions.
anchoring-to-concrete provisions.
parameter “N ua”. Chapter 2 in ACI 318-14 gives the following definitions for the
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 factored tension load parameter “N ua”.
Anchor Group
• N ua = F
actored tensile force applied to anchor or individual anchor in a
group of anchors (lb)
Failure Mode Single Anchor Individual
Anchors as a • N ua,i = Factored tensile force applied to most highly stressed anchor in a
anchor in a
group
Group group of anchors (lb)
Steel strength in tension (17.4.1) ϕN sa ≥ Nua ϕN sa ≥ Nua,i • N ua,g = Total factored tensile force applied to anchor group (lb)
Concrete breakout strength in tension (17.4.2) ϕN cb ≥ Nua ϕN cbg ≥ Nua.g
The design side-face blowout strength for a single anchor in tension (ϕN sb)
Pullout strength in tension (17.4.3) ϕNpn ≥ Nua ϕNpn ≥ Nua,i calculated per Section 17.4.4 is checked against the factored tension load acting
Concrete side-face blowout strength in tension (17.4.4) ϕN sb ≥ Nua ϕN sbg ≥ Nua,g on the anchor, which is designated “N ua” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕN sb ≥ N ua , the
provisions for considering side-face blowout failure in tension have been satisfied
Bond strengh of adhesive anchor in tension (17.4.5) ϕN a ≥ Nua ϕN ag ≥ Nua,g
per Table 17.3.1.1.
The PROFIS Engineering Load Engine permits users to input service loads that will
then be factored per IBC factored load equations. Users can also import factored
load combinations via a spreadsheet, or input factored load combinations directly
on the main screen. PROFIS Engineering users are responsible for inputting
tension loads. The software only performs tension load checks per Table 17.3.1.1 if
tension loads have been input via one of the load input functionalities.

the parameter ϕN sb, and checks this value against either (a) the factored tension
matrix on the main screen. The value for N ua shown in the report corresponds to
information on the parameter ϕN sb.

Results Nua,edge
Nua,edge 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for side-face blowout failure in tension
(ϕ-factors) to obtain a design strength (ϕN sb or ϕN sbg). ϕ-factors are relevant to
Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the tension failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 static and seismic load conditions.
anchoring-to-concrete provisions.
parameter “N ua”. Chapter 2 in ACI 318-14 gives the following definitions for the
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 factored tension load parameter “N ua”.
Anchor Group
• N ua =F
actored tensile force applied to anchor or individual anchor in a
group of anchors (lb)
Anchors as a • N ua,i = F
actored tensile force applied to most highly stressed anchor in a
anchor in a
group
Group group of anchors (lb)
Steel strength in tension (17.4.1) ϕN sa ≥ Nua ϕN sa ≥ Nua,i • N ua,g = Total factored tensile force applied to anchor group (lb)
Concrete breakout strength in tension (17.4.2) ϕN cb ≥ Nua ϕN cbg ≥ Nua.g
The design side-face blowout strength for a group of anchors in tension (ϕN sbg)
Pullout strength in tension (17.4.3) ϕNpn ≥ Nua ϕNpn ≥ Nua,i calculated per Section 17.4.4 is checked against the portion of the factored
Concrete side-face blowout strength in tension (17.4.4) ϕN sb ≥ Nua ϕN sbg ≥ Nua,g tension load acting on the anchors nearest the edge where side-face blowout is
being considered. PROFIS Engineering designates this parameter “N ua,edge” in the
Bond strengh of adhesive anchor in tension (17.4.5) ϕN a ≥ Nua ϕN ag ≥ Nua,g
Results section of the report. If ϕN sbg ≥ N ua,edge, the provisions for considering
side-face blowout failure in tension have been satisfied per Table 17.3.1.1.
The PROFIS Engineering Load Engine permits users to input service loads that will
then be factored per IBC factored load equations. Users can also import factored
load combinations via a spreadsheet, or input factored load combinations directly
on the main screen. PROFIS Engineering users are responsible for inputting
tension loads. The software only performs tension load checks per Table 17.3.1.1 if
tension loads have been input via one of the load input functionalities.

the parameter ϕN sbg, and checks this value against either (a) the factored tension
load acting on the anchors nearest the edge where side-face blowout is being
considered, which has been calculated using the loads input via the Load Engine,
(b) the factored tension load acting on the anchors nearest the edge where
side-face blowout is being considered, which has been calculated using the
loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the factored tension load acting on the
anchors nearest the edge where side-face blowout is being considered, which has
been calculated using the loads input in the matrix on the main screen. The value
for N ua shown in the report corresponds to the factored tension load determined
to be acting on the anchors nearest the edge where side-face blowout is being
considered.
information on the parameter ϕN sbg.

PART 3 TENSION LOAD Steel Failure
Equation Nsa
Nsa 17.4.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in tension as governed by the steel, N sa , shall be ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines the parameter N sa as follows:
evaluated by calculations based on the properties of the anchor material and the physical “nominal strength of a single anchor or
dimensions of the anchor. individual anchor in a group of anchors in
17.4.1.2 The nominal strength of an anchor in tension, N sa , shall not exceed tension as governed by the steel strength”.
N sa is always calculated for a single anchor when designing with the provisions of
Nsa = A se,N Futa (17.4.1.2) ACI 318-14.
Where A se,N is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in tension, in. 2, and f uta shall not be For cast-in-place anchors, PROFIS Engineering calculates N sa using Equation
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9 f ya and 125,000 psi. (17.4.1.2). The table to the left shows the cast-in-place anchor portfolio in PROFIS
Engineering, and the parameters that are used to calculate N sa for a given anchor
PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio parameters used to calculate N sa . type and diameter.
TENSILE YIELD EFFECTIVE Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
MATERIAL GRADE OR DIAMETER GROSS
SPECIFICATION TYPE (d 0) (in)
STRENGTH STRENGTH
AREA (in2)
AREA (A se) International Building Code (IBC) via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
(f uta) (ksi) (f ya) (ksi) (in2) AC193 and the ACI test standard ACI 355.2. Data derived from this testing is given
B 0.500 65 51 0.196 in an ICC-ESR. Pre-calculated values for N sa are given in mechanical anchor
B 0.625 65 51 0.307
AES D1.1 ICC-ESR design tables. Although parameters such as A se and f uta may be given
B 0.750 65 51 0.442
B 0.875 65 51 0.601 in the ICC-ESR, PROFIS Engineering uses the pre-calculated N sa -values to define
36 0.500 58 36 0.196 0.142 the nominal steel strength in tension. The parameter “N sa” in the Equations
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226 section of the PROFIS Engineering report references the “ESR value” in lieu of
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334
Equation (17.4.1.2). An excerpt from a mechanical anchor ESR showing N sa -values
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462
36 1.000 58 36 0.785 0.606 derived from AC193/ACI 355.2 testing is referenced to the left.
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763
36 1.250 58 36 1.227 0.969 Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance under the IBC
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160 via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410
36 1.750 58 36 2.405 1.900
ACI 355.4. Data derived from this testing is given in the adhesive anchor ICC-
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500 ESR. Pre-calculated values for N sa are given in adhesive anchor ICC-ESR design
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142 tables. Parameters such as A se and f uta may be given in the ICC-ESR, but PROFIS
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226 Engineering uses the pre-calculated N sa -values specific to the anchor element
55 0.750 75 55 0.442 0.334
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462
that is being modeled to define the nominal steel strength in tension. The PROFIS
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606 Engineering adhesive anchor portfolio includes the following anchor elements:
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763
• Threaded rods
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160 • Reinforcing bars
55 1.500 75 55 1.767 1.410
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900 • Internally threaded inserts
55 2.000 75 55 3.142 2.500 • Proprietary elements
105 0.500 125 105 0.196 0.142
105 0.625 125 105 0.307 0.226
105 0.750 125 105 0.442 0.334 Reference the adhesive anchor system ICC-ESR for N sa values specific to an
105 0.875 125 105 0.601 0.462 anchor element.
105 1.000 125 105 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 105 1.125 125 105 0.994 0.763
The parameter “N sa” in the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report
105 1.250 125 105 1.227 0.969
105 1.375 125 105 1.485 1.160 references the “ICC-ESR value” in lieu of Equation (17.4.1.2). An excerpt from
105 1.500 125 105 1.767 1.410 an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing N sa -values derived from AC308/ACI 355.4
105 1.750 125 105 2.405 1.900 testing is referenced to the left.
105 2.000 125 105 3.142 2.500
Excerpt from a mechanical anchor ICC-ESR showing the parameter N sa . Reference the Calculations and Results section of the report for more
information on N sa .
parameters A se,N and f uta .
Excerpt from an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing the parameter N sa .

Equation Nsa (continued)

Nsa Excerpt from a mechanical anchor ICC-ESR showing the parameter N sa .
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
Min. specified yield strength fy lb/in2 100,000 84,800 84,800 84,800
Min specified ult. strength futa lb/in2 125,000 106,000 106,000 106,000
Effective tensile stress area A se,N in2 0.052 0.101 0.162 0.237
Steel strength in tension N sa lb 6,500 10,705 17,170 25,120
Excerpt from an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing the parameter N sa .
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
Rod effective cross-

ASTM F1554
A se in2 0.0775 0.1419 0.2260 0.3345 0.4617 0.6057 0.9691

sectional area
Gr. 36
N sa in - 8,230 13,110 19,400 26,780 35,130 56,210

Equation ϕNsa
ϕNsa ≥ Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for tension check a calculated design
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to strength (ϕN N) against a factored tension load (N ua). The parameter “design
sustained tensile loading. strength” is defined as the product of a “nominal strength” (N N) and one or more
strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors). If ϕN N ≥ N ua for all relevant tension failure
modes, the ACI 318-14 tension provisions are satisfied.
Table 17.3.1.1
Nominal steel strength in tension (N sa) is always calculated for a single anchor
Failure Mode Single Anchor Individual Anchor in a Group when designing with the provisions of ACI 318-14. If an application consists of a
Steel Strength in Tension ϕN sa ≥ N ua ϕN sa ≥ N ua,i group of anchors in tension, N sa is calculated for a single anchor, and the design
strength is checked against the highest loaded anchor in tension.
PROFIS Engineering designates the strength reduction factor for steel failure
ϕ steel. ACI 318-08 anchoring-to-concrete provisions include an additional seismic
reduction factor that is used to calculate anchor design strengths corresponding
to brittle failure modes. Anchor elements can be defined in ACI 318 as “ductile”
or “brittle” steel elements. Steel failure for a brittle steel anchor element is a
“brittle”, i.e. “nonductile” failure mode; therefore, design steel strength calculated
for a brittle steel anchor element using ACI 318-08 seismic provisions includes an
additional strength reduction factor. PROFIS Engineering designates this seismic
reduction factor “ϕ nonductile”, and shows it in the results section of the report.
Since ϕ nonductile is only relevant to seismic calculations with ACI 318-08 provisions,
PROFIS Engineering always shows the parameter “ϕnonductile” equal to 1.0 in the
Results section of reports for ACI 318-14 provisions.
When modeling an anchor element in PROFIS Engineering using ACI 318-14

provisions, the calculated design steel strength for both static and seismic load
conditions equals ϕsteel N sa , regardless of whether the anchor element is, by
ACI 318 definition, “brittle” or “ductile”.
Reference the Calculations and Results section of the PROFIS Engineering

report for more information on:
N sa: Nominal steel strength in tension
ϕ steel: Strength reduction factor for steel failure
ϕN sa: Design steel strength in tension

Variables Ase,N
A se,N 17.4.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in tension as governed by the steel, N sa , shall be ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.1.2 defines the parameter A se,N as “the effective cross-
evaluated by calculations based on the properties of the anchor material and the physical sectional area of an anchor in tension.” A se,N corresponds to the “tensile stress
dimensions of the anchor. area” of an anchor element, which is calculated using the minor diameter of the
element:
17.4.1.2 The nominal strength of an anchor in tension, N sa , shall not exceed
π (d minor)2
A se,N = 4
Nsa = A se,N Futa (17.4.1.2)
The PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio includes the following
anchors:
Where A se,N is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in tension, in. 2, and f uta shall not be
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9f ya and 125,000 psi. •A
PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio values for A se,N .
•A
TENSILE YIELD EFFECTIVE
MATERIAL GRADE OR DIAMETER GROSS •A
STRENGTH STRENGTH AREA (A se)
SPECIFICATION TYPE (d 0) (in) AREA (in2)
(f uta) (ksi) (f ya) (ksi) (in2) (1/2” – 2” nominal diameter)
B 0.500 65 51 0.196
•A
B 0.625 65 51 0.307
AES D1.1
B 0.750 65 51 0.442 (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
B 0.875 65 51 0.601 •A
36 0.500 58 36 0.196 0.142
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462 The table to the left shows the A se,N -values for the PROFIS Engineering cast-in-
36 1.000 58 36 0.785 0.606 place anchor portfolio. PROFIS Engineering uses these values to calculate N sa per
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763
Equation (17.4.1.2).
36 1.250 58 36 1.227 0.969
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410 Post-installed anchor ICC-ESR include pre-calculated values for the nominal steel
36 1.750 58 36 2.405 1.900 strength of an anchor element (N sa). A se,N -values may also be given in the
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500
ICC-ESR, however, PROFIS Engineering uses the pre-calculated N sa -values
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226 instead of calculating N sa per Equation (17.4.1.2).
55 0.750 75 55 0.442 0.334
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462 Reference the Calculations and Results section of the PROFIS Engineering
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606 report for more information on:
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160
55 1.500 75 55 1.767 1.410 Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900 information on:
55 2.000 75 55 3.142 2.500
105 0.500 125 105 0.196 0.142
futa: Ultimate tensile stress of an anchor element
105 0.625 125 105 0.307 0.226
105 0.750 125 105 0.442 0.334
105 0.875 125 105 0.601 0.462
105 1.000 125 105 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 105 1.125 125 105 0.994 0.763
105 1.250 125 105 1.227 0.969
105 1.375 125 105 1.485 1.160
105 1.500 125 105 1.767 1.410
105 1.750 125 105 2.405 1.900
105 2.000 125 105 3.142 2.500

Variables Ase,N (continued)

A se,N Excerpt from a mechanical anchor ICC-ESR showing the parameter A se,N and the pre-calculated
value for N sa .
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
Excerpt from an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing the parameter A se,N and the pre-calculated
value for N sa .
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4

ASTM F1554
A se in2 0.0775 0.1419 0.2260 0.3345 0.4617 0.6057 0.9691

sectional area
Gr. 36
N sa in - 8,230 13,110 19,400 26,780 35,130 56,210

Variables futa
futa 17.4.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in tension as governed by the steel, N sa , shall be ACI 318-14 Equation 17.4.1.2 includes the parameter f uta to calculate the nominal
evaluated by calculations based on the properties of the anchor material and the physical steel strength in tension (N sa). ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines futa as the “specified
dimensions of the anchor. tensile strength of anchor steel”. ICC-ESR for post-installed anchors include
values for the “minimum specified ultimate strength”. Unlike reinforced concrete
17.4.1.2 The nominal strength of an anchor in tension, N sa , shall not exceed design, which uses bar yield strength (f y) for calculations; ACI 318 anchoring-to-
concrete provisions use the ultimate tensile strength of an anchor element (f uta) to
Nsa = A se,N Futa (17.4.1.2) calculate the nominal steel strength in tension (N sa). The ACI 318-14 commentary
R17.4.1.2 notes:
Where A se,N is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in tension, in. 2, and f uta shall not be “The nominal strength of anchors in tension is best
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9f ya and 125,000 psi. represented as a function of f uta rather than f ya
PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio values for f ya and f uta because the large majority of anchor materials do
not exhibit a well-defined yield point”.
MATERIAL GRADE OR DIAMETER GROSS The PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio includes the following
SPECIFICATION TYPE (d 0) (in) AREA (in2) anchors:
(f uta) (ksi) (f ya) (ksi) (in2)
B 0.500 65 51 0.196 • AWS D1.1 Type B headed studs
B 0.625 65 51 0.307
AES D1.1 (1/2” – 7/8” nominal diameter)
B 0.750 65 51 0.442
B 0.875 65 51 0.601 • ASTM F1554 hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
36 0.500 58 36 0.196 0.142 (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334 • ASTM F1554 heavy hex head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462 (1/2” – 2” nominal diameter)
36 1.000 58 36 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763 • ASTM F1554 square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410 • ASTM F1554 heavy square head bolt, Gr. 36, Gr. 55, Gr. 105
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142
The table to the left shows the fya and futa values for the PROFIS Engineering
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226
55 0.750 75 55 0.442 0.334 cast-in-place anchor portfolio. PROFIS Engineering uses the futa values to
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462 calculate N sa per Equation (17.4.1.2).
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763
Post-installed anchor ICC-ESR include pre-calculated values for the nominal steel
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160
strength of an anchor element (N sa). f uta-values may also be given in an
55 1.500 75 55 1.767 1.410 ICC-ESR, however, PROFIS Engineering uses the pre-calculated N sa -values
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900 instead of calculating N sa per Equation (17.4.1.2).
55 2.000 75 55 3.142 2.500
105 0.500 125 105 0.196 0.142
105 0.625 125 105 0.307 0.226
105 0.875 125 105 0.601 0.462 N sa: Nominal steel strength in tension
105 1.000 125 105 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 105 1.125 125 105 0.994 0.763
105 1.250 125 105 1.227 0.969
105 1.375 125 105 1.485 1.160 information on:
105 1.500 125 105 1.767 1.410 A se,N: Tensile stress area of an anchor element
105 1.750 125 105 2.405 1.900
105 2.000 125 105 3.142 2.500

Variables futa (continued)

futa Excerpt from a mechanical anchor ICC-ESR showing the parameters f ya , f uta and the pre-
calculated value for N sa .
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
Excerpt from an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing the pre-calculated value for N sa .
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4

ASTM F1554
A se in2 0.0775 0.1419 0.2260 0.3345 0.4617 0.6057 0.9691

sectional area
Gr. 36
N sa in - 8,230 13,110 19,400 26,780 35,130 56,210
Excerpt from an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing the parameters f ya , and f uta .
Minimimum
Minimum
specified
specified Elongation, Reduction
THREADED ROD yield Specification
ultimate f uta/f ya min. of area, min
SPECIFICATION strenght for nuts
strength, percent percent
0.2 percent
f uta
offset, f ya
ASTM A193 Grade ASTM A563
psi 125000 105,000 1.19 16 50
B7 ≤ 2 1/2 in. Grade DH
ASTM F566 Class
5.8 M5 (1/4 in.) ASTM A563
to M24 (1 in.) psi 72500 58,000 1.25 10 35 Grade DH DIN
(equivalent to ISO 964 (8-A2K)
898-1)
CARBON STEEL
ASTM A194 or
ASTM F1554, Gr. 36 psi 58000 36,000 1.61 23 40
ASTM A563
ASTM A194 or
ASTM F1554, Gr. 36 psi 75000 55,000 1.36 21 30
ASTM A563
ASTM A194 or
ASTM F1554, Gr. 36 psi 125000 105,000 1.19 15 42
ASTM A563
DIN 934
ISO 898-1 Class 5.8 psi 72500 58,000 1.25 22 -
Grade 6
DIN 934
ISO 898-1 Class 5.8 psi 116000 92,800 1.25 12 52
Grade 8

Calculations Nsa
evaluated by calculations based on the properties of the anchor material and the physical
dimensions of the anchor. “nominal strength of a single anchor or
individual anchor in a group of anchors in
Nsa = A se,N Futa (17.4.1.2) N sa is always calculated for a single anchor when designing with the provisions of
ACI 318-14.
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9f ya and 125,000 psi. (17.4.1.2). The table to the left shows the cast-in-place anchor portfolio in PROFIS
PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio parameters A se,N and f uta , which are used to Engineering, and the parameters that are used to calculate N sa for a given anchor
calculate N sa per Eq. (17.4.1.2). type and diameter.

MATERIAL GRADE OR DIAMETER GROSS International Building Code (IBC) via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
SPECIFICATION TYPE (d 0) (in) AREA (in2) AC193 and the ACI test standard ACI 355.2. Data derived from this testing is
B 0.500 65 51 0.196 given in an ICC-ESR. Pre-calculated values for N sa are given in mechanical anchor
AES D1.1
B 0.625 65 51 0.307 ICC-ESR design tables. In lieu of performing calculations per Eq. (17.4.1.2) to
B 0.750 65 51 0.442 determine N sa , PROFIS Engineering uses the pre-calculated N sa -values given in
B 0.875 65 51 0.601
36 0.500 58 36 0.196 0.142
the ICC-ESR to define the nominal steel strength in tension. An excerpt from a
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226 mechanical anchor ICC-ESR showing N sa -values derived from AC193/ACI 355.2
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334 testing is referenced to the left.
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462
36 1.000 58 36 0.785 0.606
Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance under the IBC
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763
36 1.250 58 36 1.227 0.969 via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160 ACI 355.4. Data derived from this testing is given in the adhesive anchor ICC-ESR.
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410 Pre-calculated values for N sa are given in adhesive anchor ICC-ESR design tables.
36 1.750 58 36 2.405 1.900
In lieu of performing calculations per Eq. (17.4.1.2) to determine N sa , PROFIS
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142
Engineering uses the pre-calculated N sa -values given in the
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226 ICC-ESR, which are specific to the anchor element that is being modeled, to
55 0.750 75 55 0.442 0.334 define the nominal steel strength in tension. The PROFIS Engineering adhesive
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462 anchor portfolio includes the following anchor elements:
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763 • Threaded rods
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900
105 0.500 125 105 0.196 0.142
105 0.625 125 105 0.307 0.226
Reference the adhesive anchor system ICC-ESR for N sa-values specific to an
105 0.750 125 105 0.442 0.334
105 0.875 125 105 0.601 0.462
anchor element. An excerpt from an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing N sa-
105 1.000 125 105 0.785 0.606 values derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing is referenced to the left.
ASTM F 1554 105 1.125 125 105 0.994 0.763
105 1.250 125 105 1.227 0.969 Reference the Equations and Results section of the report for more information
105 1.375 125 105 1.485 1.160
105 1.500 125 105 1.767 1.410
on N sa .
105 1.750 125 105 2.405 1.900
105 2.000 125 105 3.142 2.500 Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the

Calculations Nsa (continued)

Nsa PROFIS Engineering uses the pre-calculated N sa -values given in the ICC-ESR for the mechanical
anchors in its portfolio to define the nominal steel strength in tension. Excerpt from a mechanical
anchor ICC-ESR showing N sa -values used in PROFIS Engineering.
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
PROFIS Engineering uses the pre-calculated N sa -values given in the ICC-ESR for the adhesive
anchor systems in its portfolio to define the nominal steel strength in tension. Excerpt from an
adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing N sa -values used in PROFIS Engineering.
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4

ASTM F1554
A se in 2
0.0775 0.1419 0.2260 0.3345 0.4617 0.6057 0.9691
sectional area
Gr. 36
N sa in - 8,230 13,110 19,400 26,780 35,130 56,210

Results Nsa
evaluated by calculations based on the properties of the anchor material and the physical
dimensions of the anchor. “nominal strength of a single anchor or
individual anchor in a group of anchors in
Nsa = A se,N Futa (17.4.1.2) N sa is always calculated for a single anchor when designing with the provisions of
ACI 318-14.
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9f ya and 125,000 psi. (17.4.1.2). The table to the left shows the cast-in-place anchor portfolio in PROFIS
PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio parameters A se,N and f uta , which are used to Engineering, and the parameters that are used to calculate N sa for a given anchor
calculate N sa per Eq. (17.4.1.2). type and diameter.

MATERIAL GRADE OR DIAMETER GROSS International Building Code (IBC) via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
SPECIFICATION TYPE (d 0) (in) AREA (in2) AC193 and the ACI test standard ACI 355.2.
B 0.500 65 51 0.196 Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance under the IBC
AES D1.1
B 0.625 65 51 0.307 via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard
B 0.750 65 51 0.442 ACI 355.4.
B 0.875 65 51 0.601
36 0.500 58 36 0.196 0.142
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226 Data derived from this testing is given in an ICC-ESR. Pre-calculated values for
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334 N sa are given in ICC-ESR design tables. PROFIS Engineering does not calculate
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462 N sa per Eq. (17.4.1.2) for the post-installed anchors in its portfolio. In lieu of
36 1.000 58 36 0.785 0.606
performing calculations per Eq. (17.4.1.2), PROFIS Engineering uses the pre-
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763
36 1.250 58 36 1.227 0.969 calculated N sa -values given in the anchor ICC-ESR to define the nominal steel
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160 strength in tension.
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410
36 1.750 58 36 2.405 1.900
An excerpt from a mechanical anchor ICC-ESR showing pre-calculated N sa -values
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142
derived from AC193/ACI 355.2 testing is referenced to the left.
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226
55 0.750 75 55 0.442 0.334 The PROFIS Engineering adhesive anchor portfolio includes the following anchor
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462 elements:
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763 • Threaded rods
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900
105 0.500 125 105 0.196 0.142
105 0.625 125 105 0.307 0.226
An excerpt from an adhesive anchor system ICC-ESR showing pre-calculated
105 0.750 125 105 0.442 0.334
105 0.875 125 105 0.601 0.462
N sa -values derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing is referenced to the left.
105 1.000 125 105 0.785 0.606 These values are specific to a particular anchor element.
ASTM F 1554 105 1.125 125 105 0.994 0.763
105 1.250 125 105 1.227 0.969 Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the report for more
105 1.375 125 105 1.485 1.160
105 1.500 125 105 1.767 1.410
information on N sa .
105 1.750 125 105 2.405 1.900

Results Nsa (continued)

Nsa PROFIS Engineering uses the pre-calculated N sa -values given in the ICC-ESR for the mechanical
anchors in its portfolio to define the nominal steel strength in tension. Excerpt from a mechanical
anchor ICC-ESR showing N sa -values used in PROFIS Engineering.
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
PROFIS Engineering uses the pre-calculated N sa -values given in the ICC-ESR for the adhesive
anchor systems in its portfolio to define the nominal steel strength in tension. Excerpt from an
adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing N sa -values used in PROFIS Engineering.
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4

ASTM F1554
A se in 2
0.0775 0.1419 0.2260 0.3345 0.4617 0.6057 0.9691
sectional area
Gr. 36
N sa in - 8,230 13,110 19,400 26,780 35,130 56,210

Results ϕsteel
ϕsteel 17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for steel failure in tension require
combinations of 5.3 are used: calculation of a nominal steel strength (N sa). The nominal strength is multiplied
by one or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design strength
(a) Anchor governed by strength of a ductile steel element (ϕN sa). ϕ-factors are relevant to static and seismic load conditions. ACI 318
(i) Tension loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.75 anchoring-to-concrete provisions have traditionally defined ductile steel elements
(ii) Shear loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.65 and brittle steel elements as follows:
(b) Anchor governed by strength of a brittle steel element • D uctile steel element — an element with a tensile test elongation of at least
(i) Tension loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.65 14 percent and reduction in area of at least 30 percent
(ii) Shear loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.60 • Brittle steel element — an element with a tensile test elongation of less than
PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio. 14 percent, or reduction in area of less than 30 percent, or both
• AWS D1.1: 1/2” – 7/8” diameters PROFIS Engineering designates the ϕ-factor corresponding to steel failure for
• Hex head, square head, heavy square head: 1/2” – 1-1/2” diameters static load conditions “ϕ steel ”. When designing cast-in-place anchors, PROFIS
• Heavy hex head: 1/2” – 2” diameters Engineering uses the ϕ-factors given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3. The
ϕ steel -values for the cast-in-place anchors in the PROFIS Engineering portfolio
correspond to the ϕ-factors given in Section 17.3.3 for ductile steel elements.
MATERIAL GRADE OR DIAMETER GROSS In the absence of product-specific data, the ϕ-factors in Section 17.3.3 can be
SPECIFICATION TYPE (d 0) (in) AREA (in2) used as guide values for post-installed anchors; however, ϕ-factors derived from
B 0.500 65 51 0.196 product-specific testing should always be used for the actual design of post-
AES D1.1
B 0.625 65 51 0.307 installed anchors.
B 0.750 65 51 0.442
B 0.875 65 51 0.601
36 0.500 58 36 0.196 0.142
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226 International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2. Post-installed adhesive anchor
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462 systems can be shown compliance under the International Building Code via
36 1.000 58 36 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763
36 1.250 58 36 1.227 0.969 standard ACI 355.4. PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors derived from AC193/
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160 ACI 355.2 or AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor. The
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410 ϕ-factors in the ICC-ESR correspond to the ACI 318 ϕ-factors for “ductile steel
36 1.750 58 36 2.405 1.900
element” and “brittle steel element”, as determined by the product testing and
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142
material properties for a specific anchor element.
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226
55 0.750 75 55 0.442 0.334 Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462 information on the following parameters:
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969 ϕN sa: Design steel strength in tension
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160 ϕ nonductile: Seismic strength reduction factor
55 1.500 75 55 1.767 1.410
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900
55 2.000 75 55 3.142 2.500
105 0.500 125 105 0.196 0.142
105 0.625 125 105 0.307 0.226
105 0.750 125 105 0.442 0.334
105 0.875 125 105 0.601 0.462
105 1.000 125 105 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 105 1.125 125 105 0.994 0.763
105 1.250 125 105 1.227 0.969
105 1.375 125 105 1.485 1.160
105 1.500 125 105 1.767 1.410
105 1.750 125 105 2.405 1.900
105 2.000 125 105 3.142 2.500

Results ϕsteel (continued)

ϕsteel Cast-in-place anchor portfolio parameters for elongation and reduction of area.
Grade or elongation reduction of

Bolt Type diameter (in) f ya (psi) futa (psi)
Type (min) area (min)
ASW D1.1 B 1/2 – 1 51,000 65,000 20% 50%
36 ≤2 36,000 58,000 23% 40%
ASTM F1554 55 ≤2 55,000 75,000 21% 30%
105 ≤2 105,000 125,000 15% 45%
Excerpt of mechanical anchor ICC-ESR showing (ϕ-factors) for steel failure in tension.

Symbol Units
Effective min.
hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
Strength reduction ϕ factor for
0.75
tension, steel failure modes
Excerpt of adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing (ϕ-factors) for steel failure in tension.
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
ISO 898-1 Strength reduction
ϕ - 0.65
Class 5.8 factor for ϕ tension
ASTM A913 Strength reduction
ϕ - 0.75
B7 factor for ϕ tension
ASTM F1554 Strength reduction
ϕ - 0.75
Gr. 36 factor for ϕ tension
ϕ - 0.75
ϕ - 0.75
ASTM F593, Strength reduction
ϕ - 0.65
CW Stainless factor for ϕ tension

ϕnonductile ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for steel failure in tension require
calculation of a nominal steel strength (N sa). The nominal strength is multiplied
17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined by one or more strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) to obtain a design strength
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the (ϕN sa). ϕ-factors are relevant to static and seismic load conditions.
(a) ϕN sa for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of The parameter “ϕ nonductile” is a reduction factor for seismic load conditions that
anchors is given in Part D.3.3.6 of the anchoring-to-concrete provisions in ACI 318-08
(b) 0
.75ϕN cb or 0.75ϕNcbg except that Ncb or N cbg need not be calculated where anchor on the application, and PROFIS Engineering designates this factor “ϕ nonductile”.
“ϕnonductile” is not a relevant parameter for seismic design per ACI 318-14 Chapter
(c) 0.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of 17; therefore, it is always referenced in the PROFIS Engineering report for ACI 318-
anchors 14 calculations as equal to 1.0.
(d) 0.75ϕN sb or 0.75ϕN sbg
(e) 0.75ϕN a or 0.75ϕNag concrete provisions for more information on ϕ nonductile.
ACI 318-08 Part D.3.3.6

Results ϕNsa
ϕNsa 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for anchors in tension check a calculated
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to design strength (ϕN N) against a factored tension load (N ua). The parameter “design
sustained tensile loading. strength” is defined as the product of a “nominal strength” (N N) and one or more
strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors). If ϕN N ≥ N ua for all relevant tension failure
modes, the ACI 318-14 tension provisions are satisfied. When designing with ACI
Table 17.3.1.1 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions, nominal steel strength in tension (N sa)
is always calculated for a single anchor, and multiplied by the ϕ-factor for steel
Failure Mode Single Anchor Individual Anchor in a Group failure.
Steel Strength in Tension ϕ N sa ≥ N ua ϕ N sa ≥ N ua,i
For applications consisting of only one anchor in tension, the design strength
(ϕN sa) is checked against the tension load acting on that anchor (N ua). If
ϕN sa ≥ N ua , the ACI 318-14 provisions for steel failure in tension are satisfied.
If an application consists of a group of anchors in tension, N sa is calculated for

a single anchor, and the design strength (ϕN sa) is checked against the highest
individual loaded anchor in tension (N ua,i). If ϕN sa ≥ N ua,i, the ACI 318-14 provisions
for steel failure in tension are satisfied. The PROFIS Engineering report section for
steel failure in tension uses the generic designation “N ua” to reference either the
only tension load acting on an anchor in tension, or the highest tension load acting
on an individual anchor within an anchor group in tension.
to brittle failure modes. Anchor elements can be defined in ACI 318 as “ductile” or
“brittle” steel elements. Steel failure for a brittle steel anchor element is a “brittle”,
i.e. “nonductile” failure mode; therefore, design steel strengths calculated for a
brittle steel anchor element using ACI 318-08 seismic provisions would include an
When modeling an anchor element in PROFIS Engineering using ACI 318-14

provisions, the calculated design steel strength in tension for both static and
seismic load conditions equals ϕsteel N sa . No additional strength reduction factors
are applied to the nominal steel strength.
information on:
ϕsteel: Strength reduction factor for steel failure
ϕ nonductile: Seismic strength reduction factor

Results Nua
Nua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for steel failure in tension require
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to calculation of a nominal steel strength (N sa). The nominal strength is multiplied by
sustained tensile loading. a strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) to obtain a design strength (ϕN sa).
Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the tension failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 anchoring- Design strength is checked against a factored tension load, defined by the
to-concrete provisions. parameter “N ua”. Chapter 2 in ACI 318-14 gives the following definitions for the
factored tension load parameter “N ua”.
• N ua = f actored tensile force applied to anchor or individual anchor in a group
Anchor Group of anchors (lb)
Anchors as a
• N ua,i = factored tensile force applied to most highly stressed anchor in a
anchor in a group of anchors (lb)
group
Group
• N ua,g = total factored tensile force applied to anchor group (lb)
Concrete breakout strength in tension (17.4.2) ϕN cb ≥ Nua ϕN cbg ≥ Nua.g The design steel strength for a single anchor in tension (ϕN sa) calculated per
Section 17.4.1 is checked against the factored tension load acting on the anchor,
Pullout strength in tension (17.4.3) ϕNpn ≥ Nua ϕNpn ≥ Nua,i which is designated “N ua” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕN sa ≥ N ua , the provisions for
Concrete side-face blowout strength in tension (17.4.4) ϕN sb ≥ Nua ϕN sbg ≥ Nua,g considering steel failure in tension have been satisfied per Table 17.3.1.1.
Bond strengh of adhesive anchor in tension (17.4.5) ϕN a ≥ Nua ϕN ag ≥ Nua,g If an application consists of a group of anchors in tension, N sa is calculated for
a single anchor, and the design strength (ϕN sa) is checked against the highest
individually loaded anchor in tension, which is designated “N ua,i ” in Table 17.3.1.1.
If ϕN sa ≥ N ua,i, the provisions for considering steel failure in tension have been
The PROFIS Engineering report uses the generic designation “N ua” to reference
either the only tension load acting on an anchor, or the highest tension load acting
on an individual anchor within an anchor group. The PROFIS Engineering Load
Engine permits users to input service loads that are factored per IBC factored load
equations. Users can also import factored load combinations via a spreadsheet,
or input factored load combinations directly on the main screen. PROFIS
Engineering users are responsible for inputting tension loads. The software only
performs tension load checks per Table 17.3.1.1 if tension loads have been input
via one of the load input functionalities.

the parameter ϕN sa , and checks this value against either (a) the factored tension
matrix on the main screen. The value for N ua shown in the report corresponds to

the parameter ϕN sa , and checks this value against either (a) the highest factored
tension load acting on an individual anchor, which has been calculated using the
loads input via the Load Engine, (b) the highest factored tension load acting on
an individual anchor, which has been calculated using the loads imported from a
spreadsheet or (c) the highest factored tension load acting on an individual anchor,
which has been calculated using the loads input in the matrix on the main screen.
The value for Nua shown in the report corresponds to the highest factored tension
load determined to be acting on an individual anchor within the anchor group.

report for more information on the parameter ϕN sa .

PART 3 TENSION LOAD Sustained Tension Load — Bond Strength
Equations ϕNba
0.55 ϕNba ≥ Nua,s 17.3.1.2 For the design of adhesive anchors to resist sustained tension loads, in addition to The provisions given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.1.2 are used to perform a check
17.3.1.1, Eq. (17.3.1.2) shall be satisfied. for adhesive anchors subjected to sustained tension loads. The check consists
of calculating a capacity (0.55ϕN ba), and comparing it to the highest (factored)
0.55 ϕNba ≥ Nua,s (17.3.1.2) sustained tension load (N ua,s) acting on a single anchor within the anchor group.
Where N ba is determined in accordance with 17.4.5.2. The strength reduction factor
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , (ϕ-factor) in Eq. (17.3.1.2) corresponds to the parameter “ϕ bond ” in the PROFIS
shall not exceed Engineering report.
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) The parameter “N ba” corresponds to the “basic bond strength” for a single
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating N ba: adhesive anchor without any fixed edge influences. N ba is calculated per Eq.
(17.4.5.2); but an additional seismic modification factor that is derived from testing
Nba = λa тk,c αN,seis πda hef per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 is not given in Eq. (17.4.5.2), and
must also be considered in the N ba -calculation. This seismic modification factor
PROFIS Engineering calculations for N ba when used to calculate the sustained load parameter 0.55 is designated “α N,seis”, and is included in PROFIS Engineering N ba -calculations
ϕN ba for threaded rods, reinforcing bars and HIS-N and HIS-RN inserts: when seismic conditions are being modeled. However, since seismic load is not
considered a sustained load, PROFIS Engineering divides out any α N,seis-value
(λa т xxxx αN,seis πda hef ) when calculating N ba per Eq. (17.3.1.2).
Nba =
αN,seis
more information on:
PROFIS Engineering calculations for N ba when used to calculate the sustained load parameter 0.55
ϕN ba: for HIT-HY 200 used with HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods: N ba:
Basic bond strength parameters and calculations for the sustained
tension load check
Nba = λa Np
Reference the Results section of the report for more information on:
ϕ bond: Strength reduction factor for bond
N ua,s: Sustained factored tension load
Reference the Design Guide sections about pullout for more information about the
HY 200/HIT-Z parameter N p.

Equations Nba
Nba = λa тcr πda hef 17.3.1.2 For the design of adhesive anchors to resist sustained tension loads, in addition to The parameter N ba corresponds to the “basic bond strength” for a single adhesive
17.3.1.1, Eq. (17.3.1.2) shall be satisfied. anchor element without any fixed edge or spacing influences. N ba is calculated per
0.55 ϕNba ≥ Nua,s (17.3.1.2) Eq. 17.4.5.2; and is predicated on the following parameters:
• т xxxx — characteristic bond stress of the adhesive product; designated in
Where N ba is determined in accordance with 17.4.5.2. ACI 318-14 as “тcr” for cracked concrete conditions, and “т uncr” for
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) uncracked concrete conditions
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , • πd a — anchor element circumference based on the nominal diameter of the
shall not exceed element

• h ef — effective embedment depth of the anchor
• λa — modification factor for lightweight concrete
and service concrete at time of temperature тcr psi тuncr psi Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard ACI
environment anchor installation of concrete °F 355.4 is used to derive characteristic bond stress values (т xxxx) that are provided
Outdoor Dry to fully saturated 175 200 650 in an ICC-ESR. The parameter designated “тk,cr” in the report corresponds to the
Indoor Dry 110 300 1000 characteristic bond stress in cracked concrete, and the parameter designated
[1] W
here anchor design includes sustained tension loading, multiply values of тcr and т uncr by 0.4. “тk,uncr” in the report corresponds to the characteristic bond stress in uncracked
[2] W
here design includes earthquake loads for structures assigned to SDC C, D, E, or F, multiply values of тcr by 0.8 and т uncr concrete. The т-values given in ACI 318-14 Table 17.4.5.2 are intended to be used
by 0.4. as guide values in the absence of product-specific data. PROFIS Engineering
calculates N ba with the тk,cr and тk,uncr values given in the adhesive anchor
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating N ba: ICC-ESR.
Nba = λa тkxxx αN,seis πda hef
The parameter “α N,seis” is a reduction factor derived from testing per the ICC-ES
PROFIS Engineering calculations for N ba when used to calculate the sustained load parameter 0.55 acceptance criteria AC308. It is used to calculate N ba when seismic load
ϕN ba: conditions are assumed. Adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance
under the International Building Code (IBC) via testing per AC308 in conjunction
(λa т xxxx αN,seis πda hef ) with the ACI test standard ACI 355.4, but ACI 355.4 does not include any
Nba =
αN,seis provisions for determining α N,seis . Since ACI 355.4 does not reference α N,seis , ACI
Example: 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.2) does not reference α N,seis . Since AC308 includes provisions
for determining α N,seis , adhesive anchor ICC-ESR derived from AC308 testing
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (тkcr and тk,uncr), the
include α N,seis as a parameter for calculating N ba . Therefore, PROFIS Engineering,
seismic reduction value α N,seis , and strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) for bond strength.
which uses the adhesive anchor ICC-ESR data for calculating bond strength,
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 likewise includes α N,seis as a parameter for calculating N ba .
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). The provisions in Section 17.3.1.2 are relevant to sustained load conditions.
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units Seismic loads are not considered sustained loads; therefore, any seismic-specific
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
parameters such as α N,seis do not need to be considered when calculating N ba per
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
Minimum Embedment h ef,max
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
Eq. (17.3.1.2). PROFIS Engineering divides out any α N,seis-value when calculating
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25 N ba per Eq. (17.3.1.2).
Maximum Embedment h ef,min
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Temperature Temperature Temperature
тk,cr
Range A
in cracked concrete (Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
тk,uncr
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) λ a: Lightweight concrete modification factor
тk,cr тk,xxxx: Characteristic bond stress
Range B
Characteristic bond strength
тk,uncr
psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 d a: Anchor element diameter
in uncracked concrete (Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Characteristic bond strength psi 855 930 960 1035 1055 1085 1130 h ef: Effective embedment depth
тk,cr
Range C
Characteristic bond strength psi 1820 1820 1820 1820 1820 1820 1820 Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
t k,uncr
in uncracked concrete (Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) information on the parameter N ba .
Anchor
Permissible
- 1
Installation
Conditions
Dry and water saturated Category

concrete
ϕd, ϕws - 0.65
Reduction for Seismic Tension α n,seis - 0.88 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.97 1.0

Variables λa
λa 17.2.6 Modification factor λa for lightweight concrete shall be taken as: ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions consider the following tension failure
modes with respect to adhesive anchor systems:
Adhesive anchor bond failure per Eq. (17.4.5.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 λ
• Steel failure in tension
• Concrete breakout failure in tension
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4. It shall be permitted to use an alternative value • Bond failure in tension
of λ a where tests have been performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4.
λa is a modification factor for lightweight concrete that is used to calculate various
19.2.4 Lightweight concrete parameters for design with ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions. ACI 318-14
Section 17.2.6 references how λa is calculated for various anchoring-to-concrete
19.2.4.2 The value of λ shall be based on the composition of the aggregate in the concrete mixture failure modes. When considering bond failure in tension for an adhesive anchor
in accordance with Table 19.2.4.2 or as permitted in 19.2.4.3. application, the λa -value that is calculated equals 0.6λ.
Table 19.2.4.2 — Modification factor λ
Concrete Composition of Aggregates λ Generally speaking, with respect to concrete failure modes, ACI 318 applies a
Fine: ASTM C330 multiplier designated “λ” to the parameter √f´c to “account for the properties of
All-lightweight 0.75 lightweight concrete”. The parameter “λa“ is a modification of “λ” that specifically
Coarse: ASTM C330
“accounts for the properties of lightweight concrete” with respect to “anchoring-
Lightweight, fine blend 0.75 to 0.85 {1] to-concrete” calculations, hence the subscript “a” in “λa”. Per Section 17.2.6,
Coarse: ASTM C330 the modification factor λ-determined per the provisions of Section 19.2.4, is
Fine: ASTM C33 multiplied by an additional factor that is specific to the anchor failure mode being
Sand-lightweight 0.85 considered, to obtain the parameter λa . Therefore, when calculating the basic
Coarse: ASTM C330
bond strength (N ba) for an adhesive anchor system per
course blend
0.85 to 1 [2] Eq. (17.4.5.2), a lightweight concrete multiplier (λa = 0.6λ) is applied to the
Coarse: Combination of ASTM C330 and C33
parameter “т” corresponding to the characteristic bond stress of the adhesive
Fine: ASTM C33 product.
Normal weight 1
Coarse: ASTM C33
Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance under the
1 L inear interopolation of 0.75 to 0.85 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal weight fine friction aggregate as a International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308
fraction of the total absolute volume of fine aggregate.
2 L inear interopolation of 0.85 to 1 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal weight coarse friction aggregate as a in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. λa -provisions for a specific
fraction of the total absolute volume of coarse aggregate. adhesive anchor system are derived from this testing and will be given in the
ICC-ESR for the anchor. These ICC-ESR provisions typically correspond to
the ACI 318 provisions for λa . When modeling an adhesive anchor application
19.2.4.3 If the measured average splitting tensile strength of lightweight concrete, fct , is used to in PROFIS Engineering, the λa -value (or provisions) referenced in the adhesive
calculate λ, laboratory tests shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM C330 to establish the anchor ICC-ESR are used to calculate N ba .
fct lightweight concrete being used in the application. Any λ-value between 0.75
λ = ≤ 1.0 (19.2.4.3) and 1.0 can be input. Per ACI 318 provisions for determining λa , when designing
6.7 fcm
adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering multiplies the λ-value that has been input
The concrete mixture tested in order to calculate λ shall be representative of that to be used in the by a factor of 0.6 to obtain the λa -value used to calculate N ba .
Work. Reference the Equations, Calculations and Results sections of the PROFIS
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , Engineering report for more information on the parameter N ba .
shall not exceed

Variables тk,c
тk,c 17.3.1.2 For the design of adhesive anchors to resist sustained tension loads, in addition to The parameter “тk,c” shown in the PROFIS Engineering report section for
17.3.1.1, Eq. (17.3.1.2) shall be satisfied. sustained tension load corresponds to the characteristic bond stress in either
0.55 ϕN ba ≥ N ua,s (17.3.1.2) cracked or uncracked concrete. It is used to calculate the parameter “N ba”, which
is given in ACI 318-14 Equation (17.3.1.2), and defined in Equation (17.4.5.2).
Where N ba is determined in accordance with 17.4.5.2.
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , cracked concrete conditions exist; however, N ba can be calculated for either
shall not exceed cracked or uncracked concrete conditions. PROFIS Engineering users can
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) select either “cracked” or “uncracked” conditions when modeling an adhesive
anchor system for sustained tension load. PROFIS Engineering calculates N ba
using the characteristic bond stress corresponding to the concrete condition
selected, as given in the ICC-ESR for the adhesive anchor system. The ICC-ESR
designates the ACI 318 parameter “т uncr“ as “тk,uncr”, and the ACI 318 parameter
Moisture content
“тcr“ as “тk,cr”. The PROFIS Engineering report section for sustained tension load
Installation Peak in-service designates the characteristic bond stress parameter as a generic “тk,c” for either
of concrete тcr тuncr
and service temperature cracked or uncracked conditions.
at time of anchor psi psi
environment of concrete °F
installation
т-values given in the ICC-ESR are relevant to testing in concrete having a
Dry to fully
Outdoor
saturated
175 200 650 compressive strength of 2500 psi. These values can be increased for compressive
strengths 2500 psi < f´c < 8000 psi using the factor noted in the bond strength
Indoor Dry 110 300 1000
table footnotes. PROFIS Engineering increases the т-values for both cracked and
[1] Where anchor design includes sustained tension loading, multiply values of тcr and тuncr by 0.4. uncracked concrete that are given in the ICC-ESR by this factor when concrete
[2] W
0.4. compressive strengths > 2500 psi are being modeled.
т-values in the ICC-ESR are also dependent on the “temperature range”

Example: corresponding to “long term” and “short term” concrete temperatures. The
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (тk,cr ICC-ESR defines “long term” concrete temperatures as being “roughly constant”
and тk,uncr). over time. “Short term” concrete temperatures are elevated temperatures “that
occur over brief intervals”. Both types of temperature are relevant to the concrete
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 temperature during the service life of the anchor, not the concrete temperature at
the time anchors are installed. Long term and short term temperature ranges are
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units defined in footnotes for the bond strength tables of an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 т-values corresponding to a particular temperature range are given in the bond
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
Minimum Embedment h ef,max strength table.
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for Bond
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 Strength for more information on:
тk,cr
Range A 2
Characteristic bond strength psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 тk,c,uncr: Characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete
тk,uncr
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 тk,c: Characteristic bond stress in cracked concrete
тk,cr
Range B2
тk,uncr
Characteristic bond strength psi 855 930 960 1035 1055 1085 1130 Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for
тk,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete (Mpa) (5.0) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8) Sustained Tension Load — Bond Strength for more information on:
t k,uncr
in uncracked concrete (Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) N ba: Basic bond strength for a single adhesive anchor
1 Bond strength values correspond to concrete compressive strength f´c = 2500 psi. For concrete compressive strength f´c between 2500 psi and 800 psi, the tabulated
characteristic bond strength may be increased by a factor of (f´c / 2500) 0,.1.

Variables d a
da 17.3.1.2 For the design of adhesive anchors to resist sustained tension loads, in addition to The parameter da is defined in ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 as the “outside diameter” of
17.3.1.1, Eq. (17.3.1.2) shall be satisfied. an anchor or the “shaft diameter” of a headed stud, headed bolt or hooked bolt.
0.55 ϕN ba ≥ N ua,s (17.3.1.2) Therefore, d a corresponds to the external diameter of an anchor element.
Where N ba is determined in accordance with 17.4.5.2. When calculating the sustained load strength defined by Equation (17.3.1.2), da
is used to calculate the parameter “N ba” that is defined in Equation (17.4.5.2),
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , Other parameters given in Eq. 17.4.5.2 such as effective embedment depth (h ef),
shall not exceed characteristic bond stress (тk), and α N,seis are also dependent on the diameter of
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) the anchor element being used.
The PROFIS Engineering adhesive anchor portfolio permits bond strength

Example: calculations with the following anchor elements:
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing parameters that are dependent on the • Threaded rods
anchor element diameter • Reinforcing bars
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 • Internally threaded inserts

• Specialty anchor elements
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 Information about these anchor element types is given in the ICC-ESR for
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5 an adhesive anchor system. PROFIS Engineering uses the anchor diameter
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127 parameter referenced in the ICC-ESR bond strength tables for an adhesive
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
anchor system to calculate N ba for a specific anchor element. When design with a
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 threaded rod or reinforcing bar is selected, PROFIS Engineering uses the nominal
тk,cr
diameter of the anchor element to calculate Nba . When design with Hilti HIS-N
Range A
тk,uncr
psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 and HIS-RN internally threaded inserts is selected, PROFIS Engineering uses the
outside diameter of the insert to calculate Nba . Below are illustrations showing how
тk,cr the parameter d a for calculating N ba can be defined for various anchor elements.
Range B
Characteristic bond strength psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 The parameter “d hole” noted in the illustrations corresponds to the diameter of the
тk,uncr
in uncracked concrete (Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) drilled hole into which the adhesive product and anchor element are inserted.
тk,cr
Range C
t k,uncr
information on:
h ef: Effective embedment depth
тk,c: Characteristic bond stress
information on:
N ba: Basic bond strength for a single adhesive anchor

Variables h ef
hef 17.3.1.2 For the design of adhesive anchors to resist sustained tension loads, in addition to The parameter h ef is defined as the “effective embedment depth of an anchor”.
17.3.1.1, Eq. (17.3.1.2) shall be satisfied. This parameter corresponds to the embedded portion of the anchor that is
0.55 ϕNba ≥ Nua,s (17.3.1.2) “effective” in transferring tension load from the anchor into the concrete. When
calculating the sustained load strength defined by Equation (17.3.1.2), h ef is used
Where N ba is determined in accordance with 17.4.5.2. to calculate the parameter “N ba” that is defined in Equation (17.4.5.2),
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , The PROFIS Engineering adhesive anchor portfolio permits bond strength
shall not exceed calculations with the following anchor elements:
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) • Threaded rods
Example: • Internally threaded inserts
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing effective embedment depth values (h ef,min and h ef,max) • Specialty anchor elements
for threaded rod elements used with an adhesive anchor system.
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 355.4 is used to derive product-specific data that is used in ACI 318-14 bond
strength calculations for an adhesive anchor system. Data derived from this
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units testing, as well as some of the parameters used to develop this data, are provided
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
in an ICC-ESR. The minimum effective embedment depth (h ef,min) derived from
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
this testing is specific to the anchor element (e.g. threaded rod, rebar, internally
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25 threaded insert), and to the adhesive product. AC308 limits the maximum effective
(mm) (191.00) (254.00) (318.00) (381.00) (445.00) (508.00) (635.00) embedment depth (h ef,max) for adhesive anchor systems to a value of 20 times the
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 anchor diameter (20d a). For post-installed adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering
тk,cr
Range A 2
permits users to input h ef values that are within the embedment depth range given
тk,uncr
(Mpa) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) in the ICC-ESR for a specific anchor element, diameter, and adhesive product.
тk,cr post-installed adhesive anchor
Range B2
тk,uncr
(Mpa) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) h ef,min ≤ h ef ≤ h ef,max
тk,cr
psi 855 930 960 1035 1055 1085 1130 where h ef,min and h ef,max (=20da) are given in the anchor ICC-ESR
Range C2
t k,uncr
1 Bond strength values correspond to concrete compressive strength f´c = 2500 psi. For concrete compressive strength f´c between 2500 psi and 800 psi, the tabulated
characteristic bond strength may be increased by a factor of (f´c / 2500) 0,.1.

Calculations N ba
• тxxxx — characteristic bond stress of the adhesive product; designated in
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , uncracked concrete conditions
shall not exceed • πd a — anchor element circumference based on the nominal diameter of the
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) element
• h ef — e
ffective embedment depth of the anchor
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating N ba:
• λa — m
odification factor for lightweight concrete
PROFIS Engineering calculations for N ba when used to calculate the sustained load parameter 0.55 ACI 355.4 is used to derive characteristic bond stress values (т xxxx) that
ϕN ba: are provided in an ICC-ESR. The parameter designated “тk,cr” in the report
(λa т xxxx αN,seis πda hef ) corresponds to the characteristic bond stress in cracked concrete, and the
Nba = parameter designated “тk,uncr” in the report corresponds to the characteristic bond
αN,seis stress in uncracked concrete. PROFIS Engineering calculates N ba with the тk,cr and
тk,uncr values given in the adhesive anchor ICC-ESR.
acceptance criteria AC308. It is used to calculate N ba when seismic load
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4. It shall be permitted to use an alternative value conditions are assumed. Adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance
of λa where tests have been performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4. under the International Building Code (IBC) via testing per AC308 in conjunction
with the ACI test standard ACI 355.4, but ACI 355.4 does not include any
provisions for determining α N,seis . Since ACI 355.4 does not reference α N,seis ,
Example:
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.2) does not reference α N,seis . Since AC308 includes
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing the following parameters for calculating N ba: provisions for determining α N,seis , adhesive anchor ICC-ESR derived from AC308
• тkcr and тk,uncr — characteristic bond stress values testing include α N,seis as a parameter for calculating N ba . Therefore, PROFIS
Engineering, which uses the adhesive anchor ICC-ESR data for calculating bond
• α N,seis — seismic reduction value
strength, likewise includes α N,seis as a parameter for calculating N ba .
• d a — anchor element diameter
The provisions in Section 17.3.1.2 are relevant to sustained load conditions.
• h ef — anchor effective embedment depth
Seismic loads are not considered sustained loads; therefore, any seismic-specific
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 parameters such as α N,seis do not need to be considered when calculating N ba per
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). N ba per Eq. (17.3.1.2).
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127 information on the following parameters:
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25 λ a: Lightweight concrete modification factor
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 тk,xxxx: Characteristic bond stress
тk,cr
Range A
тk,uncr
in uncracked concrete (Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) h ef: Effective embedment depth
тk,cr
Range B
in cracked concrete (Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.0) (8.67) (9.0) (9.0) (9.5) Reference the Equations and Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report
тk,uncr
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
for more information on the parameter N ba .
тk,cr
Range C
t k,uncr
Anchor
Permissible
- 1
Installation
Conditions

concrete
ϕd, ϕws - 0.65

Results N ba
• тxxxx — characteristic bond stress of the adhesive product; designated in
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , uncracked concrete conditions
shall not exceed • πd a — anchor element circumference based on the nominal diameter of the
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) element
• h ef — e
ffective embedment depth of the anchor
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating N ba:
• λa — m
odification factor for lightweight concrete
PROFIS Engineering calculations for N ba when used to calculate the sustained load parameter 0.55 355.4 is used to derive characteristic bond stress values (т xxxx) that are provided
ϕN ba: in an ICC-ESR. The parameter designated “тk,cr” in the report corresponds to the
(λa т xxxx αN,seis πda hef ) characteristic bond stress in cracked concrete, and the parameter designated
Nba = “тk,uncr” in the report corresponds to the characteristic bond stress in uncracked
αN,seis concrete. PROFIS Engineering calculates N ba with the тk,cr and тk,uncr values given
in the adhesive anchor ICC-ESR.
acceptance criteria AC308. It is used to calculate N ba when seismic load
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4. It shall be permitted to use an alternative value conditions are assumed. Adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance
of λa where tests have been performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4. under the International Building Code (IBC) via testing per AC308 in conjunction
with the ACI test standard ACI 355.4, but ACI 355.4 does not include any
provisions for determining α N,seis . Since ACI 355.4 does not reference α N,seis , ACI
Example:
318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.2) does not reference α N,seis . Since AC308 includes provisions
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing the following parameters for calculating N ba: for determining α N,seis , adhesive anchor ICC-ESR derived from AC308 testing
• тkcr and тk,uncr — characteristic bond stress values include α N,seis as a parameter for calculating N ba . Therefore, PROFIS Engineering,
which uses the adhesive anchor ICC-ESR data for calculating bond strength,
likewise includes α N,seis as a parameter for calculating N ba .
The provisions in Section 17.3.1.2 are relevant to sustained load conditions.
Seismic loads are not considered sustained loads; therefore, any seismic-specific
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 parameters such as α N,seis do not need to be considered when calculating N ba per
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). N ba per Eq. (17.3.1.2).
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127 information on the following parameters:
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25 λ a: Lightweight concrete modification factor
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 тk,xxxx: Characteristic bond stress
тk,cr
Range A
тk,uncr
in uncracked concrete (Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) h ef: Effective embedment depth
тk,cr
Range B
in cracked concrete (Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.0) (8.67) (9.0) (9.0) (9.5) Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering
тk,uncr
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
report for more information on the parameter N ba .
тk,cr
Range C
t k,uncr
Anchor
Permissible
- 1
Installation
Conditions

concrete
ϕd, ϕws - 0.65

Results ϕ bond
ϕbond 17.3.1.2 For the design of adhesive anchors to resist sustained tension loads, in addition to The provisions given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.1.2 are used to perform a check
0.55 ϕNba ≥ Nua,s (17.3.1.2) of calculating a capacity (0.55ϕN ba), and comparing it to the highest (factored)
sustained tension load (N ua,s) acting on a single anchor within the anchor group.
The strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) in Eq. (17.3.1.2) corresponds to the
Example: parameter “ϕ bond ” in the PROFIS Engineering report.
Example of an ICC-ESR showing strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors) for bond strength.
Adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance under the International
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in
conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. PROFIS Engineering uses the
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). ϕ-factors derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as given in the ICC-ESR for
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 the adhesive anchor system, to calculate the parameter 0.55ϕN ba defined by
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5 Eq. (17.3.1.2). The ϕ-factor used in this equation is relevant to the condition of
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127 the concrete in the drilled hole into which the adhesive and anchor element are
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
inserted. Possible drilled hole installation conditions include dry, water saturated,
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 water filled, and underwater (submerged). Reference the ICC-ESR for ϕ-factors
тk,cr
that are specific to these conditions.
Range A
тk,uncr
in uncracked concrete (Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factor corresponding to the drilled hole condition
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 that has been selected to calculate 0.55ϕN ba , and designates this parameter
тk,cr
Range B
psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220
“ϕ bond ” in the Results section of the report.
тk,uncr
Reference the Calculations and Results section of the PROFIS report for more
тk,cr information on:
Range C
t k,uncr N ba: Basic bond strength
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)
Anchor
Permissible
- 1
Installation
Conditions

concrete information on the following parameters:
ϕd, ϕws - 0.65
0.55ϕN ba: Calculated strength for sustained tension load
N ua,s: Sustained tension load

Results 0.55 ϕNba

0.55 ϕNba 17.3.1.2 For the design of adhesive anchors to resist sustained tension loads, in addition to The provisions given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.1.2 are used to perform a check
Where N ba is determined in accordance with 17.4.5.2. The strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) in Eq. (17.3.1.2) corresponds to the
parameter “ϕ bond ” in the PROFIS Engineering report.
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba ,
shall not exceed The parameter “N ba” corresponds to the “basic bond strength” for a single
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) adhesive anchor without any fixed edge influences. N ba is calculated per Eq.
(17.4.5.2); but an additional seismic modification factor that is derived from testing
PROFIS Engineering parameters for calculating N ba: per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 is not given in Eq. (17.4.5.2), and
Nba = λa тkxxx αN,seis πda hef must also be considered in the N ba -calculation. This seismic modification factor
is designated “α N,seis”, and is included in PROFIS Engineering N ba -calculations
PROFIS Engineering calculations for N ba when used to calculate the sustained load parameter 0.55 when seismic conditions are being modeled. However, since seismic load is not
ϕN ba: considered a sustained load, PROFIS Engineering divides out any α N,seis-value
when calculating N ba per Eq. (17.3.1.2).
(λa т xxxx αN,seis πda hef )
Nba =
αN,seis Reference the Equations, Calculations and Results section of the report for
more information on:
17.2.6 Modification factor λa for lightweight concrete shall be taken as: N ba:
Basic bond strength parameters and calculations for the sustained
tension load check
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4. It shall be permitted to use an alternative value
of λa where tests have been performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4.
ϕ bond: Strength reduction factor for bond
Example: N ua,s: Sustained factored tension load
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing the following parameters for calculating N ba:
• тkcr and тk,uncr — characteristic bond stress values
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
тk,cr
Range A
тk,uncr
тk,cr
Range B
тk,uncr
тk,cr
Range C
t k,uncr
Anchor
Permissible
- 1
Installation
Conditions

concrete
ϕd, ϕws - 0.65

Results Nua,s
Nua,s 17.3.1.2 For the design of adhesive anchors to resist sustained tension loads, in addition to The provisions given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.1.2 are used to perform a check
ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions require a design strength to be

Excerpt from PROFIS Engineering report showing sustained tension load (N ua,s) corresponding to checked against a factored load. The design strength calculated with respect
the highest loaded anchor. to sustained tension load is defined in Eq. (17.3.1.2) as 0.55ϕNba . This design
strength is checked against the parameter N ua,s , which corresponds to the highest
3 Tension Load
factored sustained tension load acting on a single anchor within the anchor group.
Load Capacity Utilization Status If 0.55ϕN ba ≥ N ua,s , the provisions for considering sustained tension load have
Steel Strength 3000 14550 21 OK been satisfied per Section 17.3.1.1.
Bond Strength 12000 17088 71 OK N ua,s is a factored tension load. The PROFIS Engineering Load Engine permits
Sustained Tension Load Bond Strength* 250 8899 29 OK users to input service loads that will then be factored per IBC factored load
Concrete Breakout Failure** 12000 14562 83 OK
* highest loaded anchor
** anchor group (anchors in tenson) Engineering users are responsible for inputting a sustained tension load. The
software only performs a sustained tension load check per Eq. (17.3.1.2) if a
sustained load(s) has been input via one of the load input functionalities.
If a single adhesive anchor in tension is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering

If a single anchor in tension is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates the parameter ϕNpn ,
calculates the parameter 0.55ϕN ba for a single anchor, and checks this value
and checks this value against either (a) the factored tension load acting on the anchor, which has
against either (a) the sustained factored tension load acting on the anchor, which
been calculated using the loads input via the Load Engine, (b) the factored tension load acting
has been calculated using the loads input via the Load Engine, (b) the sustained
on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the
factored tension load acting on the anchor, which has been calculated using the
factored tension load acting on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input in
loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the sustained factored tension load
the matrix on the main screen.The value for N ua shown in the report corresponds to the factored
acting on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input in the
tension load determined to be acting on the anchor.
matrix on the main screen. The value for N ua,s shown in the report corresponds to
If a group of anchors in tension is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates the parameter the sustained factored tension load determined to be acting on the anchor.
ϕN pn , and checks this value against either (a) the total factored tension load acting on the anchor
If a group of adhesive anchors in tension is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering
group, which has been calculated using the loads input via the Load Engine, (b) the total factored
calculates the parameter 0.55ϕN ba for a single anchor, and checks this value
tension load acting on the anchor group, which has been calculated using the loads imported from
against either (a) the highest sustained factored tension load acting on the anchor
a spreadsheet or (c) the total factored tension load acting on the anchor group, which has been
group, which has been calculated using the loads input via the Load Engine, (b)
calculated using the loads input in the matrix on the main screen. The value for N ua shown in the
the highest sustained factored tension load acting on the anchor group, which has
report corresponds to the total factored tension load determined to be acting on the anchor group.
been calculated using the loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the highest
sustained factored tension load acting on the anchor group, which has been
calculated using the loads input in the matrix on the main screen. The value for
N ua,s shown in the report corresponds to the highest sustained factored tension
load determined to be acting on an individual anchor within the anchor group that
is in tension.
Reference the Equations and Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report
for more information on the parameter 0.55ϕN ba.

PART 4
PROFIS
ENGINEERING
REPORT
2.0 SHEAR 157
2.1 Concrete Brakout Failure Mode 158
2.2a Pryout Failure Mode (Pryout Bond) 206
2.2b Pryout Failure Mode (Concrete Breakout) 252
2.3 Steel Failure Mode 295
2.4 Stand-off Failure Mode 317

PROFIS ENGINEERING REPORT SHEAR LOAD Concrete Breakout Failure Mode
Equation Vcb
17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor or Vcbg of a group ACI 318-14 provisions for concrete breakout failure in shear include two equations
Avc
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V V b of anchors, shall not exceed: for calculating the “nominal concrete breakout strength” in shear:
Avc0
(a) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single anchor •E
q. (17.5.2.1a) for calculating the nominal concrete breakout strength for a
single anchor in shear (Vcb)
Avc
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1a) • Eq. (17.5.2.1b) for calculating the nominal concrete breakout strength for a
Avc0 group of anchors in shear (Vcbg)
(b) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a group of anchors Concrete breakout in shear is calculated for shear load acting towards (i.e.
perpendicular to) a fixed edge. If shear load acts parallel to a fixed edge, Section
Avc
Vcbg = ψec,V ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1b) 17.5.2.1(c) requires Vcb or Vcbg to be calculated as if the shear load acts towards
Avc0 the fixed edge, and the value calculated for Vcb or Vcbg to be doubled. The PROFIS
Engineering parameter that is designated in the report as “ψparallel,V ” indicates
(c) F
or shear force parallel to an edge Vcb or Vcbg shall be permitted to be twice the value of the whether the software is calculating concrete breakout for shear load acting
shear force determined from Eq. (17.5.2.1a) or (17.5.2.1b), respectively, with the shear force towards a fixed edge (ψparallel,V = 1.0) or parallel to a fixed edge (ψparallel,V = 2.0).
assumed to act perpendicular to the edge and with ψed,V taken equal to 1.0. If a shear load acts at an angle with respect to two fixed edges, Section 17.5.2.1(d)
(d) F
or anchors located at a corner, the limiting nominal concrete breakout strength shall be requires Vcb or Vcbg to be calculated with respect to each fixed edge. The
determined for each edge, and the minimum value shall be used. calculated value for Vcb or Vcbg is checked against the component of the shear
load that acts towards each fixed edge. PROFIS Engineering calculates Vcb or Vcbg
PROFIS Engineering includes an additional modification factor (ψparallel,V) in Eq. (17.5.2.1a) and Eq. for load acting towards each fixed edge as well as load acting parallel to each
(17.5.2.1b). fixed edge. The software then checks the calculated Vcb or Vcbg value for each
load condition (towards the edge and parallel to the edge) against the resultant
PROFIS Engineering calculations for Vcb: shear load rather than the shear load component acting on each edge. This is a
AVc conservative design assumption.
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V ψparallel,V V b
AVc0 Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
PROFIS Engineering calculations for shear load acting at a corner.
AVc: Area of influence for anchors in shear
AVc0: Area of influence for single anchor in shear
ψed,V: Shear modification factor for edge distance
ψh,V: Modification factor for thin slabs
V b: Basic concrete breakout strength in shear
on:
ψc,V: Modification factor for cracked concrete
ψparallel,V: Modification factor for shear parallel to a fixed edge

Equation Vcb (continued)

Check (Vua /Vcb,x) versus (Vua /Vcb,y) and take the highest utilization (%).
Avc
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V V b
Avc0 calculate Vcb,x
calculate Vcb,y

Equation Vcbg
17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor or Vcbg of a group ACI 318-14 provisions for concrete breakout failure in shear include two equations
Avc
Vcbg = ψec,V ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V ψparallel,V V b of anchors, shall not exceed: for calculating the “nominal concrete breakout strength” in shear:
Avc0
(a) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single anchor •E
q. (17.5.2.1a) for calculating the nominal concrete breakout strength for a
single anchor in shear (Vcb).
Avc • Eq. (17.5.2.1b) for calculating the nominal concrete breakout strength for a
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1a)
Avc0 group of anchors in shear (Vcbg).
(b) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a group of anchors Concrete breakout in shear is calculated for shear load acting towards (i.e.
Avc 17.5.2.1(c) requires Vcb or Vcbg to be calculated as if the shear load acts towards
Vcbg = ψec,V ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1b)
Avc0 the fixed edge, and the value calculated for Vcb or Vcbg to be doubled. The PROFIS
Engineering parameter that is designated in the report as “ψparallel,V ” indicates
whether the software is calculating concrete breakout for shear load acting
(c) F
or shear force parallel to an edge Vcb or Vcbg shall be permitted to be twice the value of the towards a fixed edge (ψparallel,V = 1.0) or parallel to a fixed edge (ψparallel,V = 2.0).
shear force determined from Eq. (17.5.2.1a) or (17.5.2.1b), respectively, with the shear force
assumed to act perpendicular to the edge and with ψed,V taken equal to 1.0. If a shear load acts at an angle with respect to two fixed edges, Section 17.5.2.1(d)
requires Vcb or Vcbg to be calculated with respect to each fixed edge. The
(d) F
or anchors located at a corner, the limiting nominal concrete breakout strength shall be calculated value for Vcb or Vcbg is checked against the component of the shear
determined for each edge, and the minimum value shall be used. load that acts towards each fixed edge. PROFIS Engineering calculates Vcb or Vcbg
PROFIS Engineering includes an additional modification factor (ψparallel,V) in Eq. (17.5.2.1a) and Eq. for load acting towards each fixed edge as well as load acting parallel to each
(17.5.2.1b). fixed edge. The software then checks the calculated Vcb or Vcbg value for each
load condition (towards the edge and parallel to the edge) against the resultant
PROFIS Engineering calculations for Vcbg: shear load rather than the shear load component acting on each edge. This is a
conservative design assumption.
AVc
Vcbg = ψec,V ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V ψparallel,V V b
AVc0 Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
PROFIS Engineering calculations for shear load acting at a corner. AVc: Area of influence for anchors in shear
AVc0: Area of influence for single anchor in shear
ψec,V: Shear modification factor for eccentricity
on:

Equation Vcbg (continued)

Check (Vua /Vcbg,x) versus (Vua /Vcbg,y) and take the highest utilization (%).
Avc
Avc0 calculate Vcbg,x
calculate Vcbg,y

Equation ϕVcb
ϕVcb ≥ Vua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for shear check a calculated design
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to strength (ϕVN) against a factored shear load (Vua).
Failure Mode Single Anchor Vcb: Nominal concrete breakout strength in shear
Concrete Breakout Strength in Shear ϕVcb ≥ Vua ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for concrete failure
ϕVcb: Design concrete breakout strength in shear
Vua: Factored load acting on anchors in shear
A summary of calculated shear design strength versus the factored shear load for
each shear failure mode relevant to the application is given in Part 4 Shear Load
of the PROFIS Engineering report.
Equation ϕVcbg
ϕVcbg ≥ Vua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for shear check a calculated design
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to strength (ϕV N) against a factored shear load (Vua).
Failure Mode Anchors as a Group Vcbg: Nominal concrete breakout strength in shear
Concrete Breakout Strength in Shear ϕVcbg ≥ Vua ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for concrete failure
ϕVcbg: Design concrete breakout strength in shear

Equation AVc
AVc 17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor or Vcbg of a group AVc is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence assumed to
of anchors, shall not exceed: develop at the edge of a concrete member when a shear load acting on a single
anchor or a group of anchors is applied towards that edge. AVc is calculated with
(a) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single anchor the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have been input into the PROFIS
Engineering model.
Avc
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1a) AVc calculations are predicated on the parameter ca1, which is assumed to be the
Avc0 distance in the direction of the applied shear load from “the axis of the anchor row
selected as critical”. ACI anchoring-to-concrete provisions do not set a maximum
(b) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a group of anchors
limit on the value for c a1.
Avc The geometry for AVc at the edge where concrete breakout in shear is assumed to
Vcbg = ψec,V ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1b) occur is defined by (a) projected edge distances perpendicular to the direction of
Avc0
the applied shear load acting on the anchors, (b) anchor spacing perpendicular to
the direction of the applied shear load and (c) a projected distance down from the
surface of the concrete at the edge where concrete breakout in shear is assumed
………….…….. AVc is the projected area of the failure surface on the side of the concrete member at to occur. The maximum projected distance assumed for (a) and (c) is limited to
its edge for a single anchor or a group of anchors. It shall be permitted to evaluate AVc as the base 1.5c a1. The maximum spacing assumed for (b) equals 3.0ca1. Minimum anchor
of a truncated half-pyramid projected on the side face of the member where the top of the half- spacing values (smin) are given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.7.1 and in post-installed
pyramid is given by the axis of the anchor row selected as critical. The value of ca1 shall be taken anchor approvals. Minimum edge distance values (c min) are given in ACI 318-14
as the distance from the edge to this axis. Sections 17.7.2, 17.7.3 and in post-installed anchor approvals.
…………………………………….. The figure below illustrates how AVc can be calculated for a group of four anchors
in shear with a fixed edge distance (c a1) in the direction of the applied shear
load (Vua), and a fixed edge distance (c a2) perpendicular to the direction of Vua .
Concrete breakout in shear is assumed to occur at the y- edge, and c a1 is being
considered as the distance from anchor row 1 to the y- edge. Only the spacing
sx perpendicular to the direction of Vua is considered when calculating Avc for this
application. sx for this application is assumed to be less than or equal to 3.0ca1;
otherwise, the anchors would not be considered to act as a group with respect
to sx . c a2 for this application is assumed to be less than 1.5c a1. There is no fixed
edge perpendicular to Vua in the x+ direction, so the projected distance in the
x+ direction used to calculate AVc is limited to a maximum value of 1.5c a1. The
maximum projected distance down from the concrete surface at the y- edge that
is considered when calculating AVc equals the smaller of the concrete thickness
(h a) and 1.5c a1. h a for this application is assumed to be less than 1.5c a1. Minimum
concrete thickness values for post-installed anchors are given in the anchor
approvals.

Equation AVc (continued)

AVc
AVc = (c a2 + sx + 1.5c a1) (h a)

where: c
min ≤ c a2 ≤ 1.5c a1
s min ≤ sx ≤ 3.0c a1
h a,min ≤ h a
information on c a1, c a2 and h a .
information on AVc.

Equation AVc0
AVc0 = 4.5c a1
2
17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor or Vcbg of a group Avc0 is a modification factor that defines an idealized area of influence assumed
of anchors, shall not exceed: to develop in concrete when a shear load acts towards a fixed edge on a single
anchor without any perpendicular edge distance influences, any adjacent
(a) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single anchor anchor spacing, in a concrete member of infinite thickness. AVc calculations
are predicated on the parameter c a1, which is assumed to be the distance in
Avc the direction of the applied shear load from the anchor to the fixed edge. ACI
Avc0 anchoring-to-concrete provisions do not set a maximum limit on the value for ca1.
Minimum edge distance values (c min) are given in ACI 318-14 Sections 17.7.2, 17.7.3
(b) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a group of anchors and in post-installed anchor approvals.
The geometry for AVc0 is modeled as the base of a truncated pyramid defined by
Avc projected distances of 1.5c a1 perpendicular to the direction of the applied shear
Avc0 load, and down from the surface of the concrete. Therefore, the idealized area
defined by AVc0 equals (1.5c a1 + 1.5c a1)*( 1.5c a1) or 4.5c a12 . The calculated value for
…………………………………….. AVc0 is the projected area for a single anchor in a deep member with AVc0 will always equal 4.5c a12 .
a distance from edges equal or greater than 1.5c a1 in the direction perpendicular to the shear
The figure below illustrates how AVc0 is calculated.
force. It shall be permitted to evaluate AVc0 as the base of a half-pyramid with side length parallel to
the edge of 3c a1 and a depth of 1.5c a1.
AVc0 =
(1.5c a1 + 1.5c a1) (1.5c a1)
= (4.5c a1) 2
where: cmin ≤ c a1
information on c a1.
information on AVc0 .

Equation ψec,V
17.5.2.5 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in shear, ψec,V , shall be ψec,V is a modification factor that is used to account for a resultant shear load that
1
ψec,V = ≤ 1.0 calculated as is eccentric with respect to the centroid of anchors that are loaded in shear. ψec,V
2e´ V is only considered when calculating the nominal concrete breakout strength in
1+ shear for an anchor group (Vcbg).
3ca1 1
ψec,V =
2e´ V
1+ information on the following parameters:
3ca1
e´ V: Parameter for shear eccentricity
c a1: Parameter for edge distance in the direction of the applied shear load
but ψec,V shall not be taken greater than 1.0.
If the loading on an anchor group is such that only some anchors are loaded in shear in the same information on ψec,V.
direction, only those anchors that are loaded in shear in the same direction shall be considered
when determining the eccentricity e´ V for use in Eq. (17.5.2.5) and for the calculation of Vcbg
according to Eq. (17.5.2.1b).
Equation ψed,V
17.5.2.6 The modification factor for edge effect for a single anchor or group of anchors loaded in ψed,V is a modification factor that is used to account for fixed edge distances
ca2
ψed,V = 0.7 + 0.3 ≤1.0 shear, ψed,V, shall be calculated as follows using the smaller value of ca2 . perpendicular to the direction of the applied shear load that are less than
1.5ca1 1.5c a1. Shear concrete breakout failure calculations are predicated on the fixed
If ca2 ≥ 1.5ca1, then ψed,V = 1.0 (17.5.2.6a)
edge distance in the direction of the applied shear load (c a1). Edge distances
perpendicular to the direction of the applied shear load are designated ca2 . If c a2 is
ca2 less than 1.5c a1, ψed,V is calculated per Eq. (17.5.2.6b).
If ca2 < 1.5ca1, then ψed,V = 0.7 + 0.3 (17.5.2.6b)
1.5ca1 For the application in the illustration below:
ψed,V = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a2 / 1.5c a1)

17.5.2.4 Where anchors are located in narrow sections of limited thickness such that both edge
distances c a2 and thickness h a are less than 1.5c a1, the value of c a1 used for AVc in accordance with
17.5.2.1 as well as for the equations in 17.5.2.1 through 17.5.2.8 shall not exceed the largest of:
(a) c a2 /1.5, where c a2 is the largest edge distance
(b) h a /1.5
(c) s
/3, where s is the maximum spacing perpendicular to direction of shear, between anchors
within a group.

Equation ψed,V (continued)

If more than one fixed edge perpendicular to the direction of the applied shear
ca2
ψed,V = 0.7 + 0.3 ≤1.0 load exists, the smallest of these edge distances is used to calculate ψed,V. For the
1.5ca1 application in the illustration below, if c a2,x- < c a2,x+:
ψed,V = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a2,x- / 1.5c a1)
Per Section 17.5.2.4, when anchoring into a narrow section, the checks noted in
(a) through (c) should also be made to determine if a modified ca1-value should be
used for the shear concrete breakout calculations. For the application below, ha is
greater than 1.5c a1, so no modified c a1-value would be calculated.
c a1: Fixed edge distance in the direction of the applied shear load
c a2: Fixed edge distance perpendicular to the direction of the applied shear
load
h a: Concrete thickness
information on ψed,V.

Equation ψh,V
1.5c a1 17.5.2.8 The modification factor for anchors located in a concrete member where ha < 1.5c a1, ψ h,V, ψh,V is a modification factor that is used to account for a concrete member
ψh,V = ≥ 1.0
ha shall be calculated as thickness ha that is less than 1.5c a1. The parameter c a1 corresponds to the
distance of an anchor, in the direction of the applied shear load, to the fixed edge
1.5c a1
ψh,V = (17.5.2.8) for which concrete breakout in shear is being calculated. ψh,V is always ≥ 1.0 per
ha
the provisions of Section 17.5.2.8.
but ψh,V shall not be taken less than 1.0. The figure below illustrates the conditions for which ψh,V would be calculated.
information on ψh,V.

Equation Vb
le
0.2
17.5.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b, ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines the parameter V b as the “basic concrete breakout
Vb = 7 da λa f´c (ca1)
1.5
shall be the smaller of (a) and (b): strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete”. V b calculated using Eq.
da (17.5.2.2a) can be considered relevant for anchors that are not rigidly attached
0.2
le to the fixture, i.e. an annular space exists between the anchor element and the
(a) V b = 7 da λa f´c (ca1)
1.5
(17.5.2.2a)
hole in the fixture through which the anchors are located. V b calculated using
da Eq. (17.5.2.2b) is a limiting value. PROFIS Engineering calculates V b using both
equations, and shows the controlling equation in the Equations section of
where l e is the load-bearing length of the anchor for shear: the report, and the V b-value calculated using the controlling equation in the
Calculations section.
l e = h ef for anchors with a constant stiffness over the full length of embedded section, such as
headed studs and post-installed anchors with one tubular shell over the full length of the Consider a single anchor installed near a fixed edge with a shear load acting on
embedment depth; the anchor towards that edge. Assuming there are no fixed edges perpendicular
to the direction of the applied shear load, and the concrete has an “infinite”
l e = 2 d a for torque-controlled expansion anchors with a distance sleeve separated from
thickness; if concrete breakout occurs, it could be defined by the calculated
expansion sleeve, and le ≤ 8d a in all cases.
capacity V b using either
(b) V b = 9λa f´c (ca1)1.5 (17.5.2.2b)
Eq. (17.5.2.2a) or Eq. (17.5.2.2b). V b is calculated using both equations and the
V b corresponds to concrete breakout in shear for a single anchor without any geometry influences. smaller calculated value is used to calculate the nominal concrete breakout
strength in shear (Vcb or Vcbg). Geometry influences are considered via the
parameters Avc, ψed,V and ψh,V. Reference the Design Guide sections for these
parameters for more information.
ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions define the parameter l e as the “load

bearing length of anchor for shear”. This “length” corresponds to the embedded
portion of an anchor element that is effective in transferring shear load into
a concrete member. For anchor elements that have a constant stiffness over
their embedded depth, l e equals the smaller of the anchor element effective
embedment depth (h ef) and eight times the nominal diameter of the anchor
element (d a). For anchor elements that do not have a constant stiffness over their
embedded depth (i.e. “anchors with a distance sleeve separated from expansion
sleeve”), the l e value equals 2d a .
l e: Load bearing length of anchor in shear
c a1: Edge distance in the direction of the shear load
V b calculated per Eq. (17.5.2.2a)
V b calculated per Eq. (17.5.2.2b).

Equation Vb (continued)
le
0.2
le = MIN {h ef ; 8d a} le = MIN {h ef ; 8d a}
1.5
da
adhesive anchor element mechanical anchor

(constant stiffness)
l e = 2d a le = MIN {h ef ; 8d a}
mechanical anchor cast-in headed bolt

(with distance sleeve)

Equation Vb = 9λa
V b = 9λa f´c (ca1)

1.5
17.5.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b, ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines the parameter V b as the “basic concrete breakout
(17.5.2.2a) can be considered relevant for anchors that are not rigidly attached
0.2
le to the fixture, i.e. an annular space exists between the anchor element and the
1.5
(17.5.2.2a)
hole in the fixture through which the anchors are located. V b calculated using
da Eq. (17.5.2.2b) is a limiting value. PROFIS Engineering calculates V b using both
equations, and shows the controlling equation in the Equations section of
…………………………………………………………… the report, and the V b-value calculated using the controlling equation in the
Calculations section.
Consider a single anchor installed near a fixed edge with a shear load acting on
(b) V b = 9λa f´c (ca1)1.5 (17.5.2.2b)
the anchor towards that edge. Assuming there are no fixed edges perpendicular
thickness; if concrete breakout occurs, it could be defined by the calculated
V b corresponds to concrete breakout in shear for a single anchor without any geometry influences. capacity V b using either Eq. (17.5.2.2a) or Eq. (17.5.2.2b). V b is calculated using
both equations and the smaller calculated value is used to calculate the nominal
concrete breakout strength in shear (Vcb or Vcbg). Geometry influences are
considered via the parameters Avc, ψed,V and ψh,V. Reference the Design Guide
sections for these parameters for more information.
V b calculated per Eq. (17.5.2.2b).

Equation Vb
le
0.2
17.5.2.3 For cast-in headed studs, headed bolts, or hooked bolts that are continuously welded to ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines the parameter V b as the “basic concrete breakout
1.5
steel attachments having a minimum thickness equal to the greater of 3/8 in. and half of the anchor strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete”. V b calculated using
da diameter, the basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b, Eq. (17.5.2.3) is only relevant for anchors that are rigidly attached to the fixture,
shall be the smaller of Eq. (17.5.2.2b) and Eq. (17.5.2.3) e.g. a welded head stud. V b calculated using Eq. (17.5.2.2b) is a limiting value.
V b calculated using Eq. (17.5.2.2a) is not relevant to anchors rigidly attached to
0.2
le a fixture. PROFIS Engineering only calculates V b using Eq. (17.5.2.3) for the AWS
1.5
(17.5.2.3a)
D1.1 headed studs in its anchor portfolio. The V b-value calculated using Eq.
da (17.5.2.3) is checked against the V b-value calculated using Eq. (15.5.2.2b) and the
smaller value is used to calculate the nominal concrete breakout strength in shear
where l e is defined in 17.5.2.2 provided that: (Vcb or Vcbg). The controlling V b-equation is shown in the Equations section of the
(a) F
or groups of anchors, the strength is determined based on the strength of the row of report, and the V b-value calculated using the controlling equation is shown in the
anchors farthest from the edge Calculations section.
(b) Anchor spacing s is not less than 2.5 in. Consider a single anchor installed near a fixed edge with a shear load acting on
(c) Reinforcement is provided at the corners if ca2 ≤ 1.5h ef the anchor towards that edge. Assuming there are no fixed edges perpendicular
17.5.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b, thickness; if concrete breakout occurs, it could be defined by the calculated
shall be the smaller of (a) and (b): capacity V b using either Eq. (17.5.2.3) or Eq. (17.5.2.2b). Vb is calculated using
both equations and the smaller calculated value is used to calculate the nominal
where le is the load-bearing length of the anchor for shear:
concrete breakout strength in shear (Vcb or Vcbg). Geometry influences are
l e = h ef for anchors with a constant stiffness over the full length of embedded section, such as considered via the parameters Avc, ψed,V and ψh,V. Reference the Design Guide
headed studs and post-installed anchors with one tubular shell over the full length of the sections for these parameters for more information.
embedment depth;
ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions define the parameter l e as the “load
l e = 2 d a for torque-controlled expansion anchors with a distance sleeve separated from bearing length of anchor for shear”. This “length” corresponds to the embedded
expansion sleeve, and le ≤ 8da in all cases. portion of an anchor element that is effective in transferring shear load into
a concrete member. The cast-in anchor elements in the PROFIS Engineering
V b corresponds to concrete breakout in shear for a single anchor without any geometry influences. portfolio have a constant stiffness over their embedded depth; therefore, the
l e-value calculated by PROFIS Engineering for these anchors equals the smaller of
the effective embedment depth (h ef) and eight times the nominal diameter of the
anchor element (d a).
V b calculated per Eq. (17.5.2.2b)
V b calculated per Eq. (17.5.2.3).

Equation Vb (continued)
le
0.2
l e = MIN {h ef ; 8d a}
1.5
da
cast-in headed stud

Variables ca1
ca1 17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor or Vcbg of a group The parameter “c a1” corresponds to the distance in the direction of the applied
of anchors, shall not exceed: shear load from the center of an anchor, or centerline through a row of anchors,
to the fixed edge where concrete breakout in shear is assumed to occur. The
…………………………………………………. ACI 318-14 commentary R17.5.2.1 discusses how the value for ca1 can be taken
as the distance from the anchor row nearest the fixed edge being considered for
concrete breakout (Case 1 and Case 3), or the anchor row farthest from that fixed
………….…….. AVc is the projected area of the failure surface on the side of the concrete member edge (Case 2). When the anchor configuration consists of more than two rows of
at its edge for a single anchor or a group of anchors. It shall be permitted to evaluate AVc as the anchors in shear, c a1 could also be considered from intermediate rows.
base of a truncated half-pyramid projected on the side face of the member where the top of the
half-pyramid is given by the axis of the anchor row selected as critical. The value of ca1 shall be PROFIS Engineering always uses a c a1-value corresponding to the distance from
taken as the distance from the edge to this axis. the anchor row nearest the fixed edge where concrete breakout is assumed to
occur unless AWS D1.1 headed studs are being modeled. Per ACI 318-14 Section
…………………………………….. 17.5.2.3, if the criteria noted in this section with respect to fixture thickness,
anchor spacing and corner reinforcement are satisfied; PROFIS Engineering uses
AVc0 is the projected area for a single anchor in a deep member with a distance from edges equal a c a1-value corresponding to the distance from the anchor row farthest from the
or greater than 1.5c a1 in the direction perpendicular to the shear force. It shall be permitted to fixed where concrete breakout is assumed to occur. The provisions of Section
evaluate AVc0 as the base of a half-pyramid with side length parallel to the edge of 3ca1 and a depth 17.5.2.3 are only utilized by PROFIS Engineering when AWS D1.1 headed studs are
of 1.5c a1. being modeled.
AVc0 = 4.5ca12 (17.5.2.1c) The illustration below show examples of how ca1 can be determined.
17.5.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b,
shall be the smaller of (a) and (b):
Reference ACI 318-14 commentary Fig. R17.5.2.1b (Case 1).
0.2
le
(a) V b = 7 da λa f´c (ca1)1.5 (17.5.2.2a)
da
……………………………………………………..
(b) V b = 9λa f´c (ca1)1.5 (17.5.2.2b)
17.5.2.3 For cast-in headed studs, headed bolts, or hooked bolts that are continuously welded to
steel attachments having a minimum thickness equal to the greater of 3/8 in. and half of the anchor
diameter, the basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b,
shall be the smaller of Eq. (17.5.2.2b) and
Eq. (17.5.2.3)
0.2
le
1.5
(17.5.2.3a)
da
…………………………………………………………….

Variables ca1 (continued)

ca1 17.5.2.5 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in shear, ψec,V , shall be Reference ACI 318-14 commentary Fig. R17.5.2.1b (Case 2).
calculated as
1
ψec,V = (17.5.2.5)
2e´ V
1+
3ca1
17.5.2.6 The modification factor for edge effect for a single anchor or group of anchors loaded in
shear, ψed,V, shall be calculated
……………………………………………………….
ca2
1.5ca1
17.5.2.8 The modification factor for anchors located in a concrete member where ha < 1.5c a1, ψh,V,
shall be calculated as
1.5c a1
ψh,V = (17.5.2.8)
ha Reference ACI 318-14 commentary Fig. R17.5.2.1b (Case 3).

Variables ca2
ca2 17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor or Vcbg of a group The parameter “c a2” corresponds to a fixed edge distance perpendicular to
of anchors, shall not exceed: the direction of the applied shear load. ca2 is considered when calculating the
following parameters:
………………………………………………….
• Shear area of influence (AVc)
• Basic concrete breakout strength in shear (V b) per the provisions of ACI 318-14
………….…….. AVc is the projected area of the failure surface on the side of the concrete member Section 17.5.2.3
at its edge for a single anchor or a group of anchors. It shall be permitted to evaluate AVc as the • Modification for edge effects (ψed,V)
base of a truncated half-pyramid projected on the side face of the member where the top of the
half-pyramid is given by the axis of the anchor row selected as critical. The value of ca1 shall be When modeling an application consisting of two fixed edges perpendicular to the
taken as the distance from the edge to this axis. direction of the applied shear load, PROFIS Engineering uses the smaller of these
edge distances for the c a2 -value.
……………………………………..
The illustration below shows how the parameters c a1 and c a2 are considered with
respect to one another.
shall be the smaller of Eq. (17.5.2.2b) and Eq. (17.5.2.3)
0.2
le
1.5
(17.5.2.3)
da
where l e is defined in 17.5.2.2 provided that:

(a) F
or groups of anchors, the strength is determined based on the strength of the row of
anchors farthest from the edge
(b) Anchor spacing s is not less than 2.5 in.
(c) Reinforcement is provided at the corners if ca2 ≤ 1.5h ef
17.5.2.6 The modification factor for edge effect for a single anchor or group of anchors loaded in
shear, ψed,V, shall be calculated as follows using the smaller value of ca2 .
ca2
1.5ca1

Variables ec,V
e c,V 17.5.2.5 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in shear, ψec,V , shall be e´ V is an ACI 318 parameter to define shear eccentricity. PROFIS Engineering
calculated as designates this parameter “e c,V ”. The value for e´ V corresponds the distance
of a resultant shear load from the centroid of anchors that are loaded in shear.
1 Shear eccentricity is used to calculate the ACI 318 modification factor for shear
ψec,V = (17.5.2.5) eccentricity (ψec,V). PROFIS Engineering calculations for shear eccentricity are as
2e´ V follows:
1+
3ca1 • Calculate a resultant shear load acting on the anchors
• Calculate the distance (e´ V) between this load and the centroid of the anchors
but ψec,V shall not be taken greater than 1.0. loaded in shear
• Calculate the modification factor for shear eccentricity (ψe,V)
If the loading on an anchor group is such that only some anchors are loaded in shear in the same If a torsion moment acts on the anchorage, the direction of the shear load acting
direction, only those anchors that are loaded in shear in the same direction shall be considered on individual anchors will vary. Below is an illustration showing how PROFIS
when determining the eccentricity e´ V for use in Eq. (17.5.2.5) and for the calculation of Vcbg Engineering accounts for shear eccentricity when a torsion moment acts on the
according to Eq. (17.5.2.1b). anchorage.
Vs = (V2,x)2 + (V4,x)2 Vy = (V3,y)2 + (V4,y)2 ➞ Vua,g = (Vx)2 + (Vy)2
Vx s
tan-1 θ = ➞ e cv = (sin θ)
Vy 2
information on the parameter c a1.
information on the parameter ψec,V.

Variables ψc,V
ψc,V 17.5.2.7 For anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no ψc,V, is a modification factor for cracked or uncracked concrete conditions.
cracking at service loads, the following modification factor shall be permitted: Concrete cracks when tensile stresses in the concrete imposed by loads or
restraint conditions exceed its tensile strength. Concrete is typically assumed to
ψc,V = 1.4 crack under service load conditions. ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions
For anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates cracking at service assume cracked concrete as the baseline condition for designing cast-in-place
load levels, the following modification factors shall be permitted: and post-installed anchors, since cracks in the anchor vicinity can result in a
reduced ultimate load capacity and increased displacement at ultimate load,
ψc,V = 1.0 for anchors in cracked concrete without supplementary reinforcement or with edge compared to uncracked concrete conditions. Uncracked concrete conditions
reinforcement smaller than a No. 4 bar can be assumed if it can be shown that cracking of the concrete at service load
levels will not occur over the anchor service life. PROFIS Engineering defaults to
ψc,V = 1.2 for anchors in cracked concrete with reinforcement of a No. 4 bar or greater between the cracked concrete conditions, and the default ψc,V -value for this condition equals
anchor and the edge 1.0. Uncracked concrete conditions are accounted for by increasing ψc,V to a value
ψc,V = 1.4 for anchors in cracked concrete with reinforcement of a No. 4 bar or greater between of 1.4.
the anchor and the edge, and with the reinforcement enclosed within stirrups spaced at not When cracked concrete conditions are assumed, ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete
more than 4 in provisions also permit ψc,V to be increased if supplementary edge reinforcement is
present in the concrete member. If cracked concrete conditions exist, and existing
reinforcement of #4 bars or greater is present at the fixed edge where concrete
breakout is being considered, ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.2.7 permits ψc,V to be
increased to a value of 1.2. If cracked concrete conditions exist, and the existing
edge reinforcement in a concrete member consists of #4 bars or greater enclosed
by a stirrup, Section 17.5.2.7 permits ψc,V to be increased to a value of 1.4. The
figure below illustrates how ψc,V can be assumed to equal 1.2 or 1.4 for cracked
concrete conditions.
Use of additional, i.e. “supplementary” edge reinforcement for shear calculations

permits an increased strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) to be used when
calculating design concrete breakout strength (ϕVcb or ϕVcbg).
Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the strength
reduction factor ϕconcrete.

Variables ha
ha 17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor or Vcbg of a group The parameter h a corresponds to the thickness of the concrete member. The
of anchors, shall not exceed: member thickness is considered when calculating the shear area of influence
(a) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single anchor assumed to develop at the edge of a concrete member (AVc) and the shear
concrete breakout modification factor for a thin concrete member (ψh,V).
Avc
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1a) The geometry for AVc assumes a projected distance down from the surface of
Avc0 the concrete, at the edge where concrete breakout in shear is assumed to occur,
(b) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a group of anchors equal to the smaller of the concrete thickness (h a) and a projected distance
defined by 1.5c a1. The parameter c a1 corresponds to the distance from an
Avc assumed row of anchors in shear to the fixed edge where concrete breakout in
Avc0 shear is assumed to occur. The figure below illustrates how calculation of AVc
considers the concrete thickness (h a).
………….…….. AVc is the projected area of the failure surface on the side of the concrete member at
its edge for a single anchor or a group of anchors. It shall be permitted to evaluate AVc as the base
of a truncated half-pyramid projected on the side face of the member where the top of the half-
pyramid is given by the axis of the anchor row selected as critical. The value of ca1 shall be taken
as the distance from the edge to this axis.
……………………………………..
17.5.2.8 The modification factor for anchors located in a concrete member where ha < 1.5c a1, ψh,V,
1.5c a1
ψh,V = (17.5.2.8)
ha
………………………………………..
For the cast-in anchors in its portfolio, PROFIS Engineering assumes a minimum concrete
thickness (h min) as follows:
h min = h ef + t h + 3/8”
where if ha < 1.5c a1: AVc = (c a2 + sx + 1.5c a1) (h a)
h ef = effective embedment depth (in) if h a > 1.5c a1: A Vc = (c a2 + s x + 1.5c a1) (1.5c a1)
t h = anchor head thickness (in)
3/8” = assumed minimum concrete cover ψh,V is a modification factor that is used to account for a concrete member
ANCHOR Heavy
thickness ha that is less than 1.5c a1. The figure below illustrates how calculation of
MATERIAL Heavy Hex Square Head Minimum Base Material
SPECIFICATION
DIAMETER Hex Head (in)
Head (th) (in) (th) (in)
Square Head
Thickness (ha, min) (in)
ψh,V considers the concrete thickness (h a).
(d anchor) (in) (th) (in)
0.500 0.344 0.344 0.328 0.328
0.625 0.422 0.422 0.422 0.422
0.750 0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500
0.875 0.552 0.552 0.594 0.594
ASTM F1554 1.000 0.672 0.672 0.656 0.656
Headed Bolt 1.125 0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750 hmin = hef + th +0.375 in
GR. 36, 55, 105 1.250 0.844 0.844 0.844 0.844
1.375 0.906 0.906 0.906 0.906
1.500 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
1.750 1.156
2.000 1.344
ANCHOR
MATERIAL Minimum Base Material
DIAMETER th (in)
SPECIFICATION Thickness (ha, min) (in)
(d anchor) (in)
0.500 0.313
AWD D1.1 0.625 0.313
hmin = hef + th +0.375 in
0.875 0.375

Variables ha (continued)
ha For the post-installed anchors in its portfolio, PROFIS Engineering uses the minimum concrete
thickness values (h min) given in the anchor approval.
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-1917 (Kwik Bolt-TZ) showing values for h min .

Symbol Units
Effective min. h ef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
Min. member h min in. 3-1/4 4 5 5 4 6 6 8 5 6 8 5-1/2 6 8 8
thickness
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 (HIT-HY 200) showing values for h min .
#9
#3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #10
Minimum Embedment h ef,min in. 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5
Maximum Embedment h ef,max in. 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/2 20 22-1/2 25
Minimum Concrete
h min in. hef + 1-1/4 hef + 2d 0
Thickness
if ha < 1.5c a1: ψh,V = √(1.5c a1/h a)

if ha ≥ 1.5c a1: ψh,V = 1.0
information on the parameter c a1.
information on the parameters AVc and ψh,V.

Variables le
Variables 318-14 Chapter 17 Provision Comments for PROFIS Engineering
le 17.5.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b, ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions define the parameter l e as the “load
shall be the smaller of (a) and (b): bearing length of anchor for shear”. This “length” corresponds to the embedded
0.2 portion of an anchor element that is effective in transferring shear load into a
lc concrete member.
1.5
(17.5.2.2a)
da Per ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.2.2, the l e value for anchor elements that have a
constant stiffness over their embedded depth equals the smaller of the anchor
where l e is the load-bearing length of the anchor for shear: element effective embedment depth (h ef), and eight times the nominal diameter of
l e = h ef for anchors with a constant stiffness over the full length of embedded section, such as the anchor element (d a). The cast-in anchors in the PROFIS Engineering portfolio
headed studs and post-installed anchors with one tubular shell over the full length of the and all post-installed anchors except the HSL-3 expansion anchor have a constant
embedment depth; stiffness over their embedded depth.
l e = 2 d a for torque-controlled expansion anchors with a distance sleeve separated from Per ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.2.2, the l e value for anchor elements that do not have
expansion sleeve, and le ≤ 8d a in all cases. a constant stiffness over their embedded depth equals 2da . HSL-3 expansion
V b = 9λa f´c (ca1)1.5 (17.5.2.2b) anchors have a “distance sleeve” that is separated from the expansion wedges;
therefore, l e = 2d a these anchors. PROFIS Engineering uses the pre-calculated l e
17.5.2.3 For cast-in headed studs, headed bolts, or hooked bolts that are continuously welded to values given in Table 3 of ICC-ESR-1545 when HSL-3 anchors are being modeled.
steel attachments having a minimum thickness equal to the greater of 3/8 in. and half of the anchor These l e values correspond to two times the anchor external diameter (d a). Values
diameter, the basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b, for d a are also given in Table 3 of ICC-ESR-1545.
shall be the smaller of Eq. (17.5.2.2b) and Eq. (17.5.2.3) Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
le
0.2
1.5
(17.5.2.3a)
da d a: Anchor element diameter
where l e is defined in 17.5.2.2……………………………… Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Examples of how l e is determined.
da = 0.875” h ef = 12.0” da = 0.625” h ef = 4.0”
le = MIN {h ef ; 8da} = 7.0” le = MIN {h ef ; 8d a} = 4.0” V b calculated per Eq. (17.5.2.2b)
V b calculated per Eq. (17.5.2.3).
adhesive anchor element mechanical anchor

(constant stiffness)
da = 0.71” h ef = 3.15” da = 0.75” h ef = 10.0”

le = 2d a = 1.42” le = MIN {h ef ; 8d a} = 6.0”
HSL-3 mechanical anchor cast-in headed bolt

(with distance sleeve)

Variables λa
λa 17.2.6 Modification factor λa for lightweight concrete shall be taken as: λa is a modification factor for lightweight concrete that is used to calculate the
“basic concrete breakout strength in shear” (V b) per Eq. (17.5.2.2a), Eq. (17.5.2.2b)
Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 λ or Eq. (17.5.2.3). ACI 318 applies a multiplier to the parameter √f´c to “account
Expansion and adhesive anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 λ for the properties of lightweight concrete”, and designates this parameter “λ”.
Adhesive anchor bond failure per Eq. (17.4.5.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 λ The parameter “λa“ is a modification of “λ” that specifically “accounts for the
properties of lightweight concrete” with respect to anchoring-to-concrete
calculations, hence the subscript “a” in “λa”. Per Section 17.2.6, the modification
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4. It shall be permitted to use an alternative value of factor λ, determined per the provisions of Section 19.2.4, is multiplied by an
λa where tests have been performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4. additional factor that is specific to the type of anchor being used, to obtain the
parameter λa .
19.2.4 Lightweight concrete Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
1
9.2.4.1 To account for the properties of lightweight concrete, a modification factor λ is used as a in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2. Post-installed adhesive anchor
multiplier of √f´c in all applicable provisions of this Code. systems can be shown compliance under the International Building Code via
19.2.4.2 The value of λ shall be based on the composition of the aggregate in the concrete mixture standard ACI 355.4. λa -provisions for a specific post-installed anchor are derived
in accordance with Table 19.2.4.2 or as permitted in 19.2.4.3. from this testing and will be given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor. For post-installed
anchor design, PROFIS Engineering uses a λa -value as referenced in the ICC-ESR
Table 19.2.4.2 — Modification factor λ [1] [2] provisions for the anchor. These ICC-ESR provisions typically correspond to the
ACI 318 provisions for λa .
Fine: ASTM C330 PROFIS Engineering users can input a λ-value based on the properties of the
All-lightweight 0.75 lightweight concrete being used in the application. Any λ-value between 0.75 and
Coarse: ASTM C330
1.0 can be input. Per ACI 318 provisions for determining λa , when designing cast-
Lightweight, fine blend 0.75 to 0.85 {1] in-place anchors and post-installed undercut anchors, PROFIS Engineering uses
Coarse: ASTM C330 the λ-value that has been input, for the λa -value to calculate Vb. When designing
Fine: ASTM C33 post-installed expansion and adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering multiplies
Sand-lightweight 0.85 the λ-value that has been input by a factor of 0.8 (for concrete failure) to calculate
Coarse: ASTM C330
V b. Therefore, the PROFIS Engineering λa -value for calculating V b, when designing
Sand-lighweight, Fine: ASTM C33 cast-in-place and undercut anchors, will equal the λ-value that has been input,and
0.85 to 1 [2]
course blend Coarse: Combination of ASTM C330 and C33 the PROFIS Engineering λa -value for calculating Vb, when designing expansion
and adhesive anchors, will equal 0.8λ.
Fine: ASTM C33
Normal weight 1
Coarse: ASTM C33 Reference the Equations and Calculations sections of the PROFIS Engineering
1 L inear interopolation of 0.75 to 0.85 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal weight fine friction aggregate as a
report for more information on the parameter V b.
fraction of the total absolute volume of coarse aggregate.

Variables λa (continued)
λa 19.2.4.3 If the measured average splitting tensile strength of lightweight concrete, fct , is used to
fct 1.5
λ = ≤ 1.0 (19.2.4.3)
6.7 fcm
Work.
17.5.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b,
shall be the smaller of (a) and (b):
0.2
le
1.5
(17.5.2.2a)
da
(b) V b = 9λa f´c (ca1)1.5 (17.5.2.2b)
shall be the smaller of Eq. (17.5.2.2b) and Eq. (17.5.2.3)
0.2
le
1.5
(17.5.2.3a)
da

Variables da
da 17.5.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b, Anchor diameter (d a) is a parameter that is used to calculate the basic concrete
shall be the smaller of (a) and (b): breakout strength in shear (V b) for both cast-in anchors and post-installed
anchors. d a is included in ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.5.2.2a) and Eq. (17.5.2.3). ACI 318-14
0.2
le Eq. (17.5.2.2b) is used to calculate a limiting value for V b, which does not include
1.5
(17.5.2.2a)
da as parameter. The commentary R17.5.2.2 notes: “The influence of anchor
da stiffness and diameter is not apparent in large-diameter anchors, resulting in a
limitation on the shear breakout strength provided by Eq. (17.5.2.2b)”. Therefore,
(b) V b = 9λa f´c (ca1)1.5 (17.5.2.2b) increasing the anchor “stiffness” (l e) and diameter (d a) does not result in a
corresponding increase in V b. This is accounted for in Eq. (17.5.2.2.b) which does
17.5.2.3 For cast-in headed studs, headed bolts, or hooked bolts that are continuously welded to not include either l e or d a in the V b calculation.
steel attachments ……………………………………………..
The PROFIS Engineering cast-in anchor portfolio includes anchor diameters
V b, shall be the smaller of Eq. (17.5.2.2b) and Eq. (17.5.2.3) ranging from 1/2” to 2”, depending on the anchor type. The diameter ranges
0.2 utilized by PROFIS Engineering for these anchor types are shown to the left.
le
1.5
(17.5.2.3a)
da
PROFIS Engineering AWS D1.1 headed stud portfolio diameter range. systems can be shown compliance under the International Building Code via
MATERIAL ANCHOR DIAMETER standard ACI 355.4. The anchor element diameter range that has been utilized
SPECIFICATION (d anchor) (in) to qualify a specific post-installed anchor via this testing will be given in the ICC-
0.500 ESR for the anchor. PROFIS Engineering uses the diameter range referenced in
AWD D1.1 0.625 the ICC-ESR provisions for a particular anchor element. Reference the ICC-ESR
Headed Stud 0.750
to see whether the d a -value corresponds to the nominal anchor diameter or to the
diameter of the anchor element inclusive of an external sleeve.
0.875
PROFIS Engineering headed bolt portfolio diameter range.
report for more information on the parameter V b.
Hex Head Anchor Heavy Hex Head Square Head Heavy Square Head
MATERIAL
Diameter Anchor Diameter Anchor Diameter Anchor Diameter
SPECIFICATION
(d anchor) (in) (d anchor) (in) (d anchor) (in) (d anchor) (in)
0.500 0.500 0.500 0.500

0.625 0.625 0.625 0.625
0.750 0.750 0.750 0.750
0.875 0.875 0.875 0.875
1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000
ASTM F1554
Headed Bolt 1.125 1.125 1.125 1.125
GR. 36, 55, 105
1.250 1.250 1.250 1.250
1.375 1.375 1.375 1.375
1.500 1.500 1.500 1.500
1.750
2.000

Variables da (continued)
da Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 (HIT-HY 200 adhesive anchor system) showing the diameter range for
threaded rods and rebar. These nominal diameters are used to calculate V b.
Table 12 — Concrete breakout design informatian for fractional threaded rod and
reinforcing bars in holes drille with a hammer drill and carbide bit (or hilti hollow
carbide drill bit)
#9
#3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #10
Minimum Embedment h ef,min in. 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5
Maximum Embedment h ef,max in. 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/2 20 22-1/2 25
Minimum Concrete
h min in. hef + 1-1/4 hef + 2d 0
Thickness
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-1545 (HSL-3 mechanical anchor) showing the anchor diameter range. The
diameter in bold text (e.g. M10, M12, etc.) is the nominal diameter of the threaded element in the
anchor. The outside anchor diameter (“Anchor O.D.”) corresponds to the diameter of the external
sleeve. The outside sleeve diameter is used to calculate V b.
ICC-ES ECR-1917 Table 3
DESIGN Nominal anchor diameter

Symbol Units
INFORMATION M8 M10 M12 M16 M20 M24
Min. member mm 12 15 18 24 26 32
d a(d 0) 9
thickness in. 0.47 0.59 0.71 0.94 1.10 1.26
external sleeve
"Anchor O.D."

Variables f´c
f´c 17.2.7 The values of f´c used for calculation purposes in this chapter shall not exceed 10,000 psi f´c is a parameter used to define concrete compressive strength. This parameter
for cast-in anchors, and 8000 psi for post-installed anchors. Testing is required for post-installed is used to calculate the “basic concrete breakout strength in shear” (V b) when
anchors when used in concrete with f´c greater than 8000 psi. calculating the nominal concrete breakout strength in shear (Vcb or Vcbg).
17.5.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b, Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
shall be the smaller of (a) and (b): International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
AC193 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2. Post-installed adhesive
0.2
le anchor systems can be shown compliance under the International Building Code
1.5
(17.5.2.2a)
via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the
da ACI standard ACI 355.4. f´c provisions for a specific post-installed anchor are
derived from this testing and will be given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor. PROFIS
(b) V b = 9λa f´c (ca1)1.5 (17.5.2.2b) Engineering uses these f´c provisions for post-installed anchor design. The
post-installed anchor portfolio in PROFIS Engineering is limited to installation in
17.5.2.3 For cast-in headed studs, headed bolts, or hooked bolts that are continuously welded to concrete having a specified compressive strength between 2500 psi and 8500 psi,
steel attachments …………………………………………….. and design using an f´c -value less than or equal to 8000 psi. Reference the
V b, shall be the smaller of Eq. (17.5.2.2b) and Eq. (17.5.2.3) ICC-ESR for f´c information specific to a post-installed anchor.
0.2 PROFIS Engineering users can input an f´c -value within the range 2500 psi < f´c <
le 8500 psi for post-installed anchor design. The maximum f´c -value for calculations
1.5
(17.5.2.3a)
da will be limited to 8000 psi.
PROFIS Engineering users can input an f´c -value within the range 2500 psi < f´c <
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 (HIT-HY 200 adhesive anchor system) showing provisions for f´c. 10,000 psi for cast-in-place anchor design. The maximum f´c -value for calculations
will be limited to 10,000 psi.
5.2 T he anchors and post-installed reinforcing bars
must be installed in cracked and uncracked Reference the Equations and Calculations sections of the PROFIS Engineering
normal-weight concrete having a specified report for more information on the parameter V b.
compressive strength f´c = 2500 psi to 8500 psl.
5.3 T he values of f´c used for calculation purposes

must not exceed 8000 psi except as noted in
Sections 4.2.2 and 4.2.5 of this report.
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-1917 (Kwik Bolt-TZ expansion anchor) showing provisions for f´c.
5.2 T he anchors must be limited to use in cracked

and uncracked normal-weight concrete having
a specified compressive strength f´c = 2500 psi
to 8500 psl, and cracked and uncracked normal-
weight or sand-lightweight concrete over metal
deck having a minimum specified compressive
strength, f´c of 3000 psi.
5.3 T he values of f´c used for calculation purposes

must not exceed 8000 psi.

Variables ψparallel,V
ψparallel,V 17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor or Vcbg of a group ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for concrete breakout in shear are
of anchors, shall not exceed: predicated on failure occurring at a fixed edge when a shear load acts towards that
edge. Consideration must also be given to concrete breakout failure in shear when
(a) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single anchor the shear load acts parallel to a fixed edge. Per ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.2.1(c),
Avc when shear load acts parallel to a fixed edge, the nominal concrete breakout
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1a) strength for the anchorage (Vcb or Vcbg) is calculated as if the load acts towards that
Avc0 edge, but the calculated values for either Vcb or Vcbg are multiplied by 2.
(b) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a group of anchors PROFIS Engineering considers concrete breakout failure for shear towards an
edge and shear parallel to an edge via a modification factor that it designates
Avc
Vcbg = ψec,V ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1b) ψparallel,V. If the nominal concrete breakout strength (Vcb or Vcbg) is being calculated
Avc0 for shear load applied towards a fixed edge, PROFIS Engineering calculates (Vcb
or Vcbg) using a modified Eq. (17.5.2.1a) or Eq. (17.5.2.1b) that includes the PROFIS
(c) F
or shear force parallel to an edge Vcb or Vcbg shall be permitted to be twice the value of the Engineering parameter “ψparallel,V ”, with ψparallel,V = 1.0.
shear force determined from Eq. (17.5.2.1a) or (17.5.2.1b), respectively, with the shear force Avc
assumed to act perpendicular to the edge and with ψed,V taken equal to 1.0. Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1a)
Avc0
(d) F
or anchors located at a corner, the limiting nominal concrete breakout strength shall be (PROFIS Engineering)
determined for each edge, and the minimum value shall be used.
Avc
PROFIS Engineering includes an additional modification factor (ψparallel,V) when calculating Vcb Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V ψparallel,V V b
Avc0
per Eq. (17.5.2.1a) and Vcbg per Eq. (17.5.2.1b). For the example below, shear perpendicular to (i.e.
towards) the y- edge and shear parallel to the x+ edge need to be considered with respect to
If the nominal concrete breakout strength (Vcb or Vcbg) is being calculated for
concrete breakout failure. PROFIS Engineering calculates Vcbg for both conditions.
shear load applied parallel to a fixed edge, PROFIS Engineering calculates (Vcb
PROFIS Engineering calculates Vcbg for the y- edge using ψparallel,V = 1.0. or Vcbg) using a modified Eq. (17.5.2.1a) or Eq. (17.5.2.1b) that includes the PROFIS
Engineering parameter “ψparallel,V ”, with ψparallel,V = 2.0.
Avc
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V ψparallel,V V b Avc
Avc0 Vcbg = ψec,V ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1b)
Avc0
(PROFIS Engineering)
Avc
Avc0
If a corner application is being considered with shear load acting towards one of
the corner edges, PROFIS Engineering calculates Vcb or Vcbg for shear towards
that edge and Vcb or Vcbg for shear parallel to the other edge. The results for the
smallest calculated Vcb or Vcbg value are shown in the report.
PROFIS Engineering calculates Vcbg for the x+ edge using ψparallel,V = 2.0. If a corner application is being considered with shear load acting at an angle to
Avc the corner edges, PROFIS Engineering calculates Vcb or Vcbg for shear towards
Vcbg = ψec,V ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V ψparallel,V V b each edge and Vcb or Vcbg for shear parallel to each edge. The calculated Vcb or
Avc0 Vcbg value for each edge is checked against the shear load component being
considered for that edge, and the results for the highest utilization (Vua /ϕVn) are
shown in the report.
Reference the Equations and Results sections of the PROFIS Engineering report
for more information on the following parameters:
Vcb: Nominal concrete breakout strength in shear for a single anchor
Vcbg: Nominal concrete breakout strength in shear for a group of anchors in shear
Vua: Factored shear load
ϕVcb or Vcbg: Design concrete breakout strength in shear

Calculations AVc
Calculations 318-14 Chapter 17 Provision Comments for PROFIS Engineering
AVc 17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor or Vcbg of a group AVc is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence assumed to
of anchors, shall not exceed: develop at the edge of a concrete member when a shear load acting on a single
anchor or a group of anchors is applied towards that edge. AVc calculations are
(a) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single anchor predicated on the parameter c a1, which is assumed to be the distance in the
Avc direction of the applied shear load from “the axis of the anchor row selected as
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1a) critical”. ACI anchoring-to-concrete provisions do not set a maximum limit on the
Avc0 value for c a1. Minimum edge distance values (c min) are given in ACI 318-14 Sections
17.7.2, 17.7.3 and in post-installed anchor approvals.
Avc Fig. R17.5.2.1b in the commentary R.17.5.2.1 provides some suggestions for
Vcbg = ψec,V ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1b) determining c a1, and using this value to calculate AVc. PROFIS Engineering always
Avc0
uses a c a1-value corresponding to the distance from the anchor row nearest the
fixed edge where concrete breakout is assumed to occur unless AWS D1.1 headed
………….…….. AVc is the projected area of the failure surface on the side of the concrete member at studs are being modeled. AWS D1.1 headed studs are rigidly attached to a fixture.
its edge for a single anchor or a group of anchors. It shall be permitted to evaluate AVc as the base Per Fig. R17.5.2.1b — Case 2, a ca1-value corresponding to the distance from the
of a truncated half-pyramid projected on the side face of the member where the top of the half- anchor row farthest from the fixed edge where concrete breakout is assumed to
pyramid is given by the axis of the anchor row selected as critical. The value of ca1 shall be taken occur can be used to model this type of anchor.
as the distance from the edge to this axis.
The geometry for AVc is defined by (a) projected edge distances perpendicular to
…………………………………….. the direction of the applied shear load acting on the anchors, (b) anchor spacing
Reference Fig. R17.5.2.1b — Case 1. perpendicular to the direction of the applied shear load and (c) a projected
distance down from the surface of the concrete at the edge where concrete
breakout in shear is assumed to occur. The maximum projected distance
assumed for (a) and (c) is limited to 1.5ca1. The maximum spacing assumed for
(b) equals 3.0c a1. Minimum anchor spacing values (s min) are given in ACI 318-14
Section 17.7.1 and in post-installed anchor approvals.
The figure below illustrates how AVc can be calculated for a group of four anchors
in shear with a fixed edge distance (c a1) in the direction of the applied shear
load (Vua), and a fixed edge distance (c a2) perpendicular to the direction of Vua.
Concrete breakout in shear is assumed to occur at the y- edge, and ca1 is being
considered as the distance from anchor row 1 to the y- edge. Only the spacing
sx perpendicular to the direction of Vua is considered when calculating Avc for this
application. sx for this application is assumed to be less than or equal to 3.0ca1;
otherwise, the anchors would not be considered to act as a group with respect
to sx . c a2 for this application is assumed to be less than 1.5c a1. There is no fixed
edge perpendicular to Vua in the x+ direction, so the projected distance in the
x+ direction used to calculate AVc is limited to a maximum value of 1.5c a1. The
maximum projected distance down from the concrete surface at the y- edge that
is considered when calculating AVc equals the smaller of the concrete thickness
(h a) and 1.5c a1. h a for this application is assumed to be less than 1.5c a1. Minimum
concrete thickness values for post-installed anchors are given in the anchor
approvals.
Reference Fig. R17.5.2.1b — Case 2.

Calculations AVc (continued)

AVc Reference Fig. R17.5.2.1b — Case 2.
AVc = (c a2 + sx + 1.5c a1) (h a)

where: c min ≤ c a2 ≤ 1.5c a1 smin ≤ sx ≤ 3.0c a1 h a,min ≤ h a
information on c a1, c a2 and h a .
information on AVc.

Calculations AVc0
AVc0 17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor or Vcbg of a group Avc0 is a modification factor that defines an idealized area of influence assumed
of anchors, shall not exceed: to develop in concrete when a shear load acts towards a fixed edge on a single
anchor without any perpendicular edge distance influences, any adjacent
(a) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single anchor anchor spacing, in a concrete member of infinite thickness. AVc calculations
Avc are predicated on the parameter c a1, which is assumed to be the distance in
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1a) the direction of the applied shear load from the anchor to the fixed edge. ACI
Avc0 anchoring-to-concrete provisions do not set a maximum limit on the value for ca1.
Minimum edge distance values (c min) are given in ACI 318-14 Sections 17.7.2, 17.7.3
and in post-installed anchor approvals.
Avc
Vcbg = ψec,V ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1b) The geometry for AVc0 is modeled as the base of a truncated pyramid defined by
Avc0
projected distances of 1.5c a1 perpendicular to the direction of the applied shear
load, and down from the surface of the concrete. Therefore, the idealized area
…………………………………….. defined by AVc0 equals:
(1.5c a1 + 1.5c a1)( 1.5c a1)

AVc0 is the projected area for a single anchor in a deep member with a distance from edges equal = 4.5c a12
or greater than 1.5c a1 in the direction perpendicular to the shear force. It shall be permitted to
evaluate AVc0 as the base of a half-pyramid with side length parallel to the edge of 3ca1 and a depth The calculated value for AVc0 will always equal 4.5c a12 .
of 1.5c a1.
The figure below illustrates how AVc0 is calculated.
AVc0 = 4.5ca12 (17.5.2.1c)
The figure below illustrates how AVc0 is modeled. Reference ACI 318-14 Fig. R17.5.2.1a.
AVc0 = (1.5c a1 + 1.5c a1) (1.5c a1)

= (4.5c a1) 2
where: cmin ≤ c a1
information on c a1.
information on AVc0 .

Calculations ψec,V
ψec,V 17.5.2.5 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in shear, ψec,V , shall be ψec,V is a modification factor that is used to account for a resultant shear load that
calculated as is eccentric with respect to the centroid of anchors that are loaded in shear. ψec,V
is only considered when calculating the nominal concrete breakout strength in
1 shear for an anchor group (Vcbg).
ψec,V = (17.5.2.5)
2e´ V The text below explains how PROFIS Engineering would determine the shear
1+
3ca1 eccentricity parameter (e´ V) that is used to calculate ψec,V for an example when a
torsion moment acts on four anchors. Assume a fixed edge is present in the
x+ direction and that concrete breakout will occur at the x+ edge.
but ψec,V shall not be taken greater than 1.0.
The moment creates loads in the x direction as follows:
If the loading on an anchor group is such that only some anchors are loaded in shear in the same
• V2,x (+) on anchor 2 and V4,x (+) on anchor 4
direction, only those anchors that are loaded in shear in the same direction shall be considered
when determining the eccentricity e´ V for use in Eq. (17.5.2.5) and for the calculation of Vcbg • V1,x (-) on anchor 1 and V3,x (-) on anchor 3
according to Eq. (17.5.2.1b).
The moment creates loads in the y direction as follows:
• V3,y (+) on anchor 3 and V4,y (+) on anchor 4
17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor or Vcbg of a group • V1,y (-) on anchor 1 and V2,y (-) on anchor 2
of anchors, shall not exceed:
PROFIS Engineering calculates a resultant shear load (Vresultant) from the loads
(a) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single anchor acting on anchors 1-4 that influence the x+ fixed edge. PROFIS Engineering would
assume only loads V2,x and V4,x influence the fixed edge with respect to loads
Avc acting in the x direction. Likewise, PROFIS Engineering would assume only loads
Avc0 V3,y and V4,y influence the fixed edge with respect to loads acting in the y direction.
Vresultant can be calculated with these loads as shown below. Concrete breakout
(b) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a group of anchors is assumed to occur from anchors 3 and 4. Vresultant is eccentric (e´ V) with respect
to the centroid of these anchors. This shear eccentricity (e´ V) can be calculated
Avc knowing the angle θ and the spacing (s) between anchors 3 and 4.
Avc0
Vresultant = [(V2,x + V4,x) 2 + (V3,y + V4,y) 2] 0.5
= [(Vx) 2 + (V y) 2] 0.5 tan-1 θ = (Vx / V y)
e´V = (s/2) (sin θ)
e´ V: Parameter for shear eccentricity
c a1: Parameter for edge distance in the direction of the applied shear load
information on ψec,V.

Calculations ψed,V
ψed,V 17.5.2.6 The modification factor for edge effect for a single anchor or group of anchors loaded in ψed,V is a modification factor that is used to account for fixed edge distances
shear, ψed,V, shall be calculated as follows using the smaller value of ca2 . perpendicular to the direction of the applied shear load that are less than
1.5c a1. Shear concrete breakout failure calculations are predicated on the fixed
edge distance in the direction of the applied shear load (c a1). Edge distances
perpendicular to the direction of the applied shear load are designated ca2. If ca2
ca2 is less than 1.5c a1, ψed,V is calculated per Eq. (17.5.2.6b).
1.5ca1 If more than one fixed edge perpendicular to the direction of the applied shear
load exists, the smallest of these edge distances is used to calculate ψed,V. For the
application in the illustration below, if c a2 ,x- < c a2 ,x+:
17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor or Vcbg of a group
ψed,V = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a2,x- / 1.5c a1)
of anchors, shall not exceed:
Per Section 17.5.2.4, when anchoring into a narrow section, the checks noted in
(a) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single anchor
(a) through (c) should also be made to determine if a modified ca1-value should be
Avc used for the shear concrete breakout calculations. For the application below, ha is
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,y ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1a) greater than 1.5c a1, so no modified c a1-value would be calculated.
Avc0
Avc
Avc0
(c) F
or shear force parallel to an edge Vcb or Vcbg shall be permitted to be twice the value of the
shear force determined from Eq. (17.5.2.1a) or (17.5.2.1b), respectively, with the shear force
assumed to act perpendicular to the edge and with ψed,V taken equal to 1.0
(d) F
or anchors located at a corner, the limiting nominal concrete breakout strength shall be
determined for each edge, and the minimum value shall be used
17.5.2.4 Where anchors are located in narrow sections of limited thickness such that both edge
distances c a2 and thickness ha are less than 1.5c a1, the value of ca1 used for AVc in accordance
with 17.5.2.1 as well as for the equations in 17.5.2.1 through 17.5.2.8 shall not exceed the largest of:
(a) c a2 /1.5, where c a2 is the largest edge distance
(b) h a /1.5
(c) s
/3, where s is the maximum spacing perpendicular to direction of shear, between anchors
within a group

Calculations ψed,V (continued)

ψed,V Per Section 17.5.2.1(c), if shear force acts parallel to a fixed edge, ψed,V is taken
equal to 1.0. For the application illustrated below, shear load (Vua) acts parallel to
the y- edge. the value for c a2 would be used to calculate AVc, but ψed,V taken equal
to 1.0.
c a2:
Fixed edge distance perpendicular to the direction of the applied shear
load
ha: Concrete thickness
information on ψed,V.

Calculations ψhV
ψhV 17.5.2.8 The modification factor for anchors located in a concrete member where ha < 1.5c a1, ψh,V, ψh,V is a modification factor that is used to account for a concrete member
shall be calculated as thickness h a that is less than a projected distance of 1.5c a1 down from the surface
of the concrete. The parameter c a1 corresponds to the distance of an anchor,
1.5c a1
ψh,V = (17.5.2.8) in the direction of the applied shear load, to the fixed edge for which concrete
ha
breakout in shear is being calculated. ψh,V is always ≥ 1.0 per the provisions of
Section 17.5.2.8.
but ψh,V shall not be taken less than 1.0.
ACI anchoring-to-concrete provisions do not set a maximum limit on the value for
c a1. Minimum edge distance values (c min) are given in ACI 318-14 Sections 17.7.2,
17.7.3 and in post-installed anchor approvals.
PROFIS Engineering always uses a c a1-value corresponding to the distance from

the anchor row nearest the fixed edge where concrete breakout is assumed to
occur unless AWS D1.1 headed studs are being modeled. AWS D1.1 headed studs
are rigidly attached to a fixture so a c a1-value corresponding to the distance from
the anchor row farthest from the fixed edge where concrete breakout is assumed
to occur can be used to model this type of anchor.
The figures below illustrate conditions for calculating ψh,V .
ha > 1.5c a1 ha < 1.5c a1

1.5c a1
ψh,V = 1.0 ψh,V =
ha
ha: Concrete thickness
information on ψh,V.

Calculations Vb
Vb 17.5.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b, ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines the parameter V b as the “basic concrete breakout
(17.5.2.2a) can be considered relevant for anchors that are not rigidly attached to
0.2
le the fixture, i.e. an annular space exists between the anchor element and the hole
1.5
(17.5.2.2a)
in the fixture through which the anchors are located. When calculating V b with
da this equation, the value for ca1 can be determined from the near-edge anchors per
Case 1 or Case 3 in the ACI 318-14 commentary Fig. R17.5.2.1b. V b calculated
……………………………………………. using Eq. (17.5.2.2b) is a limiting value. If calculating V b with Eq. (17.5.2.2a), the
value for c a1 used in that equation would also be used to calculate V b with Eq.
(b) V b = 9λa f´c (ca1)1.5 (17.5.2.2b)
(17.5.2.2b). For all of the post-installed anchors in the PROFIS Engineering
17.5.2.3 For cast-in headed studs, headed bolts, or hooked bolts that are continuously welded to portfolio, and all of the cast-in anchors except AWS D1.1 headed studs; PROFIS
steel attachments having a minimum thickness equal to the greater of 3/8 in. and half of the anchor Engineering calculates V b using Eq. (17.5.2.2a) and Eq. (17.5.2.2b), and shows the
diameter, the basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete, V b, lesser V b-value in the Calculations section of the report.
shall be the smaller of Eq. (17.5.2.2b) and Eq. (17.5.2.3) V b calculated using Eq. (17.5.2.3) is only relevant for anchors that are rigidly
0.2 attached to the fixture, e.g. a welded head stud. When calculating V b with this
le equation, the value for c a1 can be determined from the far-edge anchors per Case
1.5
(17.5.2.3a)
da 2 in the ACI 318-14 commentary Fig. R17.5.2.1b. If calculating V b with Eq. (17.5.2.3),
the value for c a1 used in that equation would also be used to calculate V b with Eq.
Reference ACI 318-14 Fig. R17.5.2.1b. (17.5.2.2b). PROFIS Engineering only calculates V b using Eq. (17.5.2.3) for the
AWS D1.1 headed studs in its anchor portfolio, and checks this value against V b
Case 1: One assumption of the distribution of forces indicates that half of the shear force would be calculated per Eq. (17.5.2.2b). The lesser V b-value is shown in the Calculations
critical on the front anchor and the projected area. For the calculation of concrete breakout, ca1 is section of the report.
taken as c a1,1.
V b calculated per Eq. (17.5.2.2b)
V b calculated per Eq. (17.5.2.3)

Calculations Vb (continued)
Vb Case 2: Another assumption of the distribution of forces indicates that the total shear force would
be critical on the rear anchor and its projected area. Only this assumption needs to be considered
when anchors are welded to a common plate independent of s.
For the calculation of concrete breakout, c a1 is taken as c a1,2 .
Case 3: Where s < c a1,1, apply the entire shear load Vua to the front anchor. This case does not
apply for anchors welded to a common plate. For the calculation of concrete breakout, ca1 is taken
as c a1,1.

Results Vcb
Results 318-14 Chapter 17 Provision Comments for PROFIS Engineering
Vcb 17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, Vcb of a single anchor ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.5.2.1a) is used to calculate the nominal concrete breakout
……………………………………………………….. shall not exceed: strength in shear for a single anchor (Vcb).
(a) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single anchor Concrete breakout in shear is calculated for shear load acting towards (i.e.
Avc 17.5.2.1(c) requires Vcb to be calculated as if the shear load acts towards the fixed
Avc0 edge, and the value calculated for Vcb to be doubled. The PROFIS Engineering
parameter that is designated in the report as “ψparallel,V ” indicates whether the
software is calculating concrete breakout for shear load acting towards a fixed
……………………………………………………..
edge (ψparallel,V = 1.0) or parallel to a fixed edge (ψparallel,V = 2.0).
or shear force parallel to an edge Vcb ………… shall be permitted to be twice the value of
(c) F If a shear load acts at an angle with respect to two fixed edges, Section 17.5.2.1(d)
the shear force determined from Eq. (17.5.2.1a) ……………………………………………….. with the requires Vcb to be calculated with respect to each fixed edge. The calculated value
shear force assumed to act perpendicular to the edge and with ψed,V taken equal to 1.0 for Vcb is checked against the component of the shear load that acts towards each
fixed edge. PROFIS Engineering calculates Vcb for load acting towards each fixed
(d) F
or anchors located at a corner, the limiting nominal concrete breakout strength shall be edge as well as load acting parallel to each fixed edge. The software then checks
determined for each edge, and the minimum value shall be used the calculated Vcb value for each load condition (towards the edge and parallel to
the edge) against the resultant shear load rather than the shear load component
acting on each edge. This is a conservative design assumption.
PROFIS Engineering includes an additional modification factor (ψparallel,V) in Eq. (17.5.2.1a).
PROFIS Engineering calculations for Vcb: information on Vcb.
AVc Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Vcb = ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V ψparallel,V V b information on the following parameters:
AVc0
AVc: Area of influence for anchors in shear
PROFIS Engineering calculations for shear load acting at a corner. AVc0: Area of influence for single anchor in shear
Check (Vua /Vcb,x) versus (Vua /Vcb,y) and take the highest utilization (%). ψed,V: Shear modification factor for edge distance
on:
calculate Vcb,x calculate Vcb,y

Results Vcbg
Vcbg 17.5.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in shear, ……………… Vcbg of a group of anchors, ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.5.2.1b) is used to calculate the nominal concrete breakout
shall not exceed: strength for a group of anchors in shear (Vcbg).
…………………………………………………………….……. Concrete breakout in shear is calculated for shear load acting towards (i.e.
(b) For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a group of anchors 17.5.2.1(c) requires Vcbg to be calculated as if the shear load acts towards the fixed
Avc edge, and the value calculated for Vcbg to be doubled. The PROFIS Engineering
Vcbg = ψec,V ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V V b (17.5.2.1b) parameter that is designated in the report as “ψparallel,V ” indicates whether the
Avc0 software is calculating concrete breakout for shear load acting towards a fixed
edge (ψparallel,V = 1.0) or parallel to a fixed edge (ψparallel,V = 2.0).
(c) F
or shear force parallel to an edge …………Vcbg shall be permitted to be twice the value of the
shear force determined from…………….Eq. (17.5.2.1b)………… with the shear force assumed If a shear load acts at an angle with respect to two fixed edges, Section 17.5.2.1(d)
to act perpendicular to the edge and with ψed,V taken equal to 1.0 requires Vcbg to be calculated with respect to each fixed edge. The calculated
value for Vcbg is checked against the component of the shear load that acts
(d) For anchors located at a corner, the limiting nominal concrete breakout strength shall be towards each fixed edge. PROFIS Engineering calculates Vcbg for load acting
determined for each edge, and the minimum value shall be used towards each fixed edge as well as load acting parallel to each fixed edge. The
software then checks the calculated Vcbg value for each load condition (towards
PROFIS Engineering includes an additional modification factor (ψparallel,V) in Eq. (17.5.2.1b). the edge and parallel to the edge) against the resultant shear load rather than
the shear load component acting on each edge. This is a conservative design
PROFIS Engineering calculations for Vcbg:
assumption.
AVc
Vcbg = ψec,V ψed,V ψc,V ψh,V ψparallel,V V b Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
AVc0 information on the following parameters:
PROFIS Engineering calculations for shear load acting at a corner. Check (Vua /Vcbg,x) versus (Vua / AVc: Area of influence for anchors in shear
Vcbg,y) and take the highest utilization (%). AVc0: Area of influence for single anchor in shear
ψec,V: Shear modification factor for eccentricity
on:
calculate Vcbg,x calculate Vcbg,y

Results Vcbg (continued)

Vcbg calculate Vcbg,x calculate Vcbg,y

Results ϕconcrete
ϕconcrete 17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for concrete breakout failure in shear
combinations of 5.3 are used: require calculation of a nominal concrete breakout strength (Vcb or Vcbg). The
nominal strength is multiplied by a strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) to obtain
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… a design strength (ϕVcb or ϕVcbg). Only one ϕ-factor is applied to Vcb or Vcbg. The
0.75 seismic strength reduction factor required per Section 17.2.3.4.4 is only
(c) Anchor governed by concrete breakout, side-face blowout, pullout, or pryout strength relevant to tension calculations, and is therefore not applied to Vcb or Vcbg when
the anchorage is being designed for seismic shear load conditions.
PROFIS Engineering designates the ϕ-factor corresponding to concrete breakout
(i) Shear loads 0.75 0.70 failure for shear load conditions “ϕconcrete”. When designing cast-in-place anchors,
PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3. The
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
ϕ-factors in Section 17.3.3 are only intended to be used as guide values for post-
installed anchors in the absence of product-specific data.
Condition A applies where supplementary reinforcement is present except for pullout and pryout Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
strengths. International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193
Condition B applies where supplementary reinforcement is not present and for pullout and pryout systems can be shown compliance under the International Building Code via
strengths. testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI
standard ACI 355.4. When Condition B is selected as a post-installed anchor
design parameter, PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors derived from AC193/
Example:
ACI 355.2 or AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor. The
Example of a post-installed mechanical anchor strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) corresponding ϕ-factors in the ICC-ESR correspond to Condition B.
to concrete breakout failure in shear.
PROFIS Engineering defaults to Condition B when calculating concrete breakout
ICC-ESR-1917 Table 3 strength in shear. If Condition A is selected as a design parameter for either cast-
in-place or post-installed anchors, PROFIS Engineering uses the Condition A
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units ϕ-factor given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3(c) (i) to calculate the design concrete
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
breakout strength in shear.
Effective min. embedment hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
Strength reduction o factor for shear, concrete Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
0.70
failure modes, Condition B information on the following parameters:
Vcb or Vcbg: Nominal concrete breakout strength in shear
ϕVcb or ϕVcbg: Design concrete breakout strength in shear
Example:
corresponding to concrete breakout failure in shear.
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units 3/8 or 1/2 or 5/8 or 3/4 or 7/8or 1 or 1/4 or
#9 #10
#3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8
Strength reduction o factor for
shear, concrete failure modes, ϕ - 0.70
Condition B

Results ϕseismic
ϕseismic 17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined When designing an anchorage for seismic tension load conditions, ACI 318-14
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the provisions for concrete breakout failure in tension require calculation of a nominal
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: concrete breakout strength (N cb or N cbg). The nominal strength is multiplied by two
strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors): one ϕ-factor for concrete breakout failure in
(a) ϕ
N sa for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of anchors tension, and one ϕ-factor for seismic tension load conditions, to obtain a design
ϕN sa corresponds to steel failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] strength (0.75ϕNcb or 0.75ϕN cbg).
PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 seismic tension reduction factor noted
(b) 0
.75ϕNcb or 0.75ϕNcbg except that Ncb or Ncbg need not be calculated where anchor in ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 “ϕ seismic”. This reduction is only considered with
reinforcement satisfying 17.4.2.9 is provided respect to non-steel tension failure modes when calculating tension design
[ϕNcb or ϕNcbg correspond to concrete breakout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] strengths for both cast-in-place and post-installed anchors subjected to seismic
tension loads.
(c) 0
anchors When designing an anchorage for seismic shear load conditions, ACI 318-
14 strength design provisions for concrete breakout failure in shear require
[ϕN pn corresponds to pullout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] calculation of a nominal concrete breakout strength (Vcb or Vcbg) that is only
multiplied by one ϕ-factor to obtain a shear design strength (ϕVcb or ϕVcbg).
(d) 0.75ϕN sb or 0.75ϕN sbg PROFIS Engineering designates this ϕ-factor “ϕconcrete”. The 0.75 seismic strength
[ϕN sb or ϕN sbg correspond to side-face blowout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] reduction factor (ϕ seismic) required per Section 17.2.3.4.4 is only relevant to tension
calculations, and is therefore not applied to Vcb or Vcbg when the anchorage is
(e) 0.75ϕNa or 0.75ϕNag being designed for seismic shear load conditions. The PROFIS Engineering report
ϕNa or ϕNag correspond to bond failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] always shows ϕseismic equal to 1.0 for shear concrete breakout calculations when
seismic shear load conditions are being modeled.
When calculating the design concrete breakout strength in shear for cast-in-place
17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load anchors, the parameter “ϕconcrete” in the PROFIS Engineering report is taken from
combinations of 5.3 are used: Section 17.3.3(c)(i).
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… When calculating the design concrete breakout strength in shear for post-installed
anchors, the parameter “ϕconcrete” in the PROFIS Engineering report is taken as
(c) Anchor governed by concrete breakout, side-face blowout, pullout, or pryout strength follows:
• If “Condition B” is selected as a design parameter, “ϕconcrete” is taken from the
Condition A Condition B ϕ-factor for shear given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor
(i) Shear loads 0.75 0.70 • If “Condition A” is selected as a design parameter, “ϕconcrete” is taken from
Section 17.3.3(c)(i)
PROFIS Engineering calculations for concrete breakout failure in tension when seismic load information on the following parameters:
conditions are being modeled: Vcb or Vcbg: Nominal concrete breakout strength in shear
single anchor: design concrete breakout strength = ϕ seismic ϕconcrete N cb . ϕVcb or ϕVcbg: Design concrete breakout strength in shear
anchor group: design concrete breakout strength = ϕ seismic ϕconcrete N cbg . ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for shear concrete failure
PROFIS Engineering calculations for concrete breakout failure in shear when seismic load
single anchor: Design concrete breakout strength = ϕ concrete Vcb
anchor group: Design concrete breakout strength = ϕconcrete Vcbg

ϕnonductile ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 When designing an anchorage for seismic tension load conditions, ACI 318-14
provisions for concrete breakout failure in tension require calculation of a nominal
17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined concrete breakout strength (N cb or Ncbg). The nominal strength is multiplied by two
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors): one ϕ-factor for concrete breakout failure in
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: tension, and one ϕ-factor for seismic tension load conditions, to obtain a design
(a) ϕ
N sa for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of anchors strength (0.75ϕN cb or 0.75ϕNcbg).
(b) 0
.75ϕNcb or 0.75ϕNcbg except that Ncb or Ncbg need not be calculated where anchor PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 seismic tension reduction factor noted
reinforcement satisfying 17.4.2.9 is provided in ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 “ϕ seismic”. This reduction is only considered with
respect to non-steel tension failure modes when calculating tension design
(c) 0
.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor In a group of strengths for both cast-in-place and post-installed anchors subjected to seismic
anchors tension loads.
(d) 0.75ϕN sb or 0.75ϕN sbg When designing an anchorage for seismic shear load conditions, ACI 318-
14 strength design provisions for concrete breakout failure in shear require
(e) 0.75ϕNa or 0.75ϕNag calculation of a nominal concrete breakout strength (Vcb or Vcbg) that is only
where ϕ is in accordance with 17.3.3. multiplied by one ϕ-factor to obtain a shear design strength (ϕVcb or ϕVcbg).
PROFIS Engineering designates this ϕ-factor “ϕconcrete”. The 0.75 seismic strength
reduction factor (ϕ seismic) required per Section 17.2.3.4.4 is only relevant to tension
calculations, and is therefore not applied to Vcb or Vcbg when the anchorage is
ACI 318-08 Part D.3.3.6 being designed for seismic shear load conditions.
D.3.3.6 — As an alternative to D.3.3.4 and D.3.3.5, it shall be permitted to take the design strength The parameter “ϕ nonductile” is a reduction factor for seismic tension and seismic
of the anchors as 0.4 times the design strength determined in accordance with D.3.3.3. For the shear load conditions that is given in Part D.3.3.6 of the anchoring-to-concrete
anchors of stud bearing walls, it shall be permitted to take the design strength of the anchors as provisions in ACI 318-08 Appendix D. This reduction factor can range from a value
0.5 times the design strength determined in accordance with D.3.3.3. of 0.4 to 1.0, depending on the application, and PROFIS Engineering designates
this factor “ϕ nonductile”.

Results ϕVcb
ϕVcb 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for shear check a calculated design
Table 17.3.1.1 Vcb: Nominal concrete breakout strength in shear
Failure Mode Single Anchor ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for concrete failure
Concrete Breakout Strength in Shear ϕ Vcb ≥ Vua Vua: Factored load acting on anchors in shear
Results ϕVcbg
ϕVcbg 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for shear check a calculated design
Table 17.3.1.1 Vcbg: Nominal concrete breakout strength in shear

Failure Mode Anchors as a Group
Concrete Breakout Strength in Shear ϕ Vcbg ≥ Vua Vua: Factored load acting on anchors in shear

Results Vua
Vua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for concrete breakout failure in shear
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to require calculation of a nominal concrete breakout strength (Vcb or Vcbg). The
sustained tensile loading. nominal strength is multiplied by a strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) to obtain
a design strength (ϕVcb or ϕVcbg). Design strength is checked against a factored
shear load, defined by the parameter “Vua”. Chapter 2 in ACI 318-14 gives the
Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the shear failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 anchoring- following definitions for the factored shear load parameter “Vua”.
to-concrete provisions. • Vua = f actored shear force applied to a single anchor or group of anchors (lb)
• Vua,i = factored shear force applied to most highly stressed anchor in a group
of anchors (lb)
Anchor Group • Vua,g = total factored shear force applied to anchor group (lb)
Anchors as a group
The design concrete breakout strength for a single anchor in shear (ϕVcb)
a Group calculated per Section 17.5.2 is checked against the factored shear load acting on
Steel strength in shear (17.5.1) ϕVsa ≥ Vua ϕN sa ≥ Nua,i the anchor, which is designated “Vua” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕVcb ≥ Vua , the provisions
for considering concrete breakout failure in shear have been satisfied per Table
Concrete breakout strength in shear 17.3.1.1.
ϕVcb ≥ Vua ϕVcbg ≥ Vua,g
(17.5.2)
Concrete pryout strength in shear The design concrete breakout strength for a group of anchors in shear (ϕVcbg)
ϕVcn ≥ Vua ϕVcng ≥ Vua,g
(17.5.3) calculated per Section 17.5.2 is checked against the total factored shear load
acting on the anchors that are in shear, which is designated “Vua,g” in Table
17.3.1.1. If ϕVcbg ≥ Vua,g , the provisions for considering concrete breakout failure in
shear have been satisfied per Table 17.3.1.1.
The PROFIS Engineering report uses the generic designation “Vua” to define
the factored shear load being checked against the calculated design concrete
breakout strength ϕVcb or ϕVcbg. The PROFIS Engineering Load Engine permits
users to input service loads that will then be factored per IBC factored load
Engineering users are responsible for inputting shear loads. The software only
performs shear load checks per Table 17.3.1.1 if shear loads have been input via
one of the load input functionalities.
If a single anchor in shear is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates the

parameter ϕVcb, and checks this value against either (a) the factored shear load
acting on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input via the
Load Engine, (b) the factored shear load acting on the anchor, which has been
calculated using the loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the factored shear
matrix on the main screen. The value for Vua shown in the report corresponds to
the factored shear load determined to be acting on the anchor.
If a group of anchors in shear is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates

the parameter ϕVcbg, and checks this value against either (a) the total factored
shear load acting on the anchor group, which has been calculated using the loads
input via the Load Engine, (b) the total factored shear load acting on the anchor
group, which has been calculated using the loads imported from a spreadsheet
or (c) the total factored shear load acting on the anchor group, which has been
calculated using the loads input in the matrix on the main screen. The value for Vua
shown in the report corresponds to the total factored shear load determined to be
acting on the anchor group.

Results Vua (continued)

Vua Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
• Vcb: Nominal shear concrete breakout strength for a single anchor

• Vcbg: Nominal shear concrete breakout strength an anchor group
• ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for concrete failure modes
• ϕ seismic: Strength reduction factor for seismic loads
• ϕ nonductile: Strength reduction factor for non-ductile failure modes

PART 4 SHEAR LOAD Pryout Failure Mode (Pryout Bond)
Equation Vcp
Equation 318-14 Chapter 17 Provision Comments for PROFIS Engineering
17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, Vcp for a single anchor …….. shall not exceed: Concrete pryout is a shear failure mode that is calculated for cast-in-place
A Na
Vcp = kcp ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba (a) For a single anchor anchors and post-installed anchors. ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.3.1 defines the
A Na0 nominal pryout strength for a single adhesive anchor (Vcp) as the product of kcp
Vcp = kcp Ncp (17.5.3.1a) and the smaller of Ncb calculated per Eq. (17.4.2.1a) and Na calculated per Eq.
(17.4.5.1a). Nominal pryout strength (N cp) is predicated on the number of anchors
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncp shall be taken as Ncb determined from Eq. subjected to shear load, which may be different than the number of anchors
(17.4.2.1a), and for adhesive anchors, Ncp shall be the lesser of Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1a) subjected to tension load.
and N cb determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1a) For the example illustrated below, a single adhesive anchor is subjected to only
a shear load. No tension load acts on the anchor; therefore, neither nominal
……………………………………………………… concrete breakout strength (N cb) nor nominal bond strength (N a) are considered
as tension design parameters, but a pryout parameter “Ncp” corresponding to the
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, Ncb of a single anchor …….. shall not smaller of N cb calculated per Eq. (17.4.2.1a) and Na calculated per Eq. (17.4.5.1a) is
exceed: considered.
(a) For a single anchor
adhesive anchor systems
A Nc
Ncb = ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N Nb (17.4.2.1a) No tension load applied: Ncb and Na = 0.
A Nc0 Shear load applied, so calculate concrete pryout (kcp N cp).
adhesive anchor system: Vcp = kcp MIN {Ncb ; Na}.

17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension, Na of a single adhesive anchor …….. shall not
exceed:
(a) For a single adhesive anchor
A Na
A Na0
on:
kcp: Coefficient for pryout strength

Equation Vcpg
17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, ………………… Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall not Concrete pryout is a shear failure mode that is calculated for cast-in-place
A Na
Vcpg = kcp ψec1,Na ψec2,Na ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba exceed: anchors and post-installed anchors. When designing post-installed adhesive
A Na0 anchors, ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.3.1 defines the nominal pryout strength for a
(b) For a group of anchors
group of anchors (Vcpg) as the product of the coefficient for pryout strength (kcp)
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b) and the smaller of Ncbg calculated per Eq. (17.4.2.1b) and Nag calculated per Eq.
(17.4.5.1b). Nominal pryout strength for an anchor group (N cpg) is predicated on
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncpg shall be taken as Ncbg determined from the number of anchors subjected to shear load, which may be different than the
Eq. (17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, Ncpg shall be the lesser of Nag determined from Eq. number of anchors subjected to tension load.
(17.4.5.1b) and Ncbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b) ……………. For the example illustrated below, four anchors are subjected to a tension
load, but all six anchors are subjected to a shear load. Therefore, with respect
to tension, concrete breakout (N cbg) and bond strength (N ag) are calculated
for anchors 1,2,3 and 4; but with respect to shear, a pryout parameter “Ncpg”
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, ………….Ncbg of a group of anchors, corresponding to the lesser of N cbg and Nag is calculated for anchors 1,2,3,4,5 and
shall not exceed: 6.
………………………………………….
A Nc
Ncbg = ψec,N ψed,N ψcN ψcp,Na Nba (17.4.2.1b)
A Nc0
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension………… Nag of a group of adhesive anchors, shall
not exceed
……………………………………………
(b) For a group of adhesive anchors:
A Na
A Na0
Summary of ACI 318-14 adhesive anchor system pryout calculations:
Vcpg = kcp MIN {Ncbg ; Nag}.

Equation Vcpg (continued)

A Na
Vcpg = kcp ψec1,Na ψec2,Na ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba
A Na0
on:
Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for

information on:
ψec1,Na: Modification factor for eccentricity in x direction
ψec2,Na: Modification factor for eccentricity in y direction

Equation ϕVcp
ϕVcp 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for shear check a calculated design
Failure Mode Single Anchor Vcp: Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear
Concrete Pryout Strength in Shear ϕ Vcp ≥ Vua
ϕ seismic: Strength reduction factor for seismic shear
ϕVcp: Design concrete pryout strength in shear
Equation ϕVcpg
ϕVcpg 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for shear check a calculated design
Failure Mode Anchors as a Group Vcpg: Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear
Concrete Pryout Strength in Shear ϕ Vcpg ≥ Vua
ϕVcpg: Design concrete pryout strength in shear
Vua: factored load acting on anchors in shear

Equation ANa
A Na 17.4.5.1 …….. A Na is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor or group of adhesive When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
anchors that shall be approximated as a rectilinear area that projects outward a distance c Na from parameter A Na is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence
the centerline of the adhesive anchor, or in the case of a group of adhesive anchors, from a line assumed to develop in concrete when a shear load applied to a single anchor
through a row of adjacent adhesive anchors…….. or a group of anchors creates a prying (i.e. tension) action on the anchor(s). A Na
is calculated with the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have been input
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension, N a of a single adhesive anchor or Nag of a group of into the PROFIS Engineering model. The geometry for A Na is defined by projected
adhesive anchors, shall not exceed: distances from the anchors that are in shear. The maximum projected distance
(a) For a single adhesive anchor from an anchor that is considered when calculating A Na is limited to the parameter
“c Na”. Therefore, the maximum edge distance parameter used to calculate A Na
A Na equals c Na and the maximum spacing parameter used to calculate A Na equals
A Na0 2.0c Na .
The figure below illustrates how A Na is calculated for pryout when a shear load
(b) For a group of adhesive anchors
acts on a group of four anchors with fixed edge distances equal to ca1 and c a2 ,
and spacing parameters equal to s1 and s 2 . Note that the maximum edge distance
A Na parameter used to calculate A Na equals c Na . Anchors spaced greater than 2.0c Na
A Na0 from one another would not be considered to act as a group with respect to that
spacing.
………………………………………………………
ANa = (c a1 + s1 + c Na) (c a2 + s 2 + c Na)
where: ca1 and c a2 are ≤ c Na

s1 and s 2 are ≤ 2.0c Na
It is important to understand that “A Na” calculated for bond failure in tension is not
necessarily the same as “A Na” calculated for concrete pryout failure in shear since
the number of anchors in tension may not be the same as the number of anchors
in shear.
information on c Na and A Na .

Equation ANa0
A Na0 = (2cNa) 2
17.4.5.1 …….. A Na0 is the projected influence area of a single anchor with an edge distance equal When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
to or greater than c Na : parameter A Na0 is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence
assumed to develop in concrete when a shear load applied to a single anchor
A Na0 = (2cNa)2 (17.4.5.1c) without the influence of any fixed edges creates a prying (i.e. tension) action on
the anchor. A Na0 is calculated with the parameter “c Na”, which is defined in ACI
318-14 Chapter 2 as the “projected distance from center of an anchor shaft on one
where side of the anchor required to develop the full bond strength of a single adhesive
тuncr anchor”. The geometry for A Na0 is defined by a projected distance of cNa from the
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d
1100 anchor in the x and y directions.
and constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in . 2
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension, Na of a single adhesive anchor or Nag of a group of
adhesive anchors, shall not exceed:

A Na
A Na0
A Na
A Na0
………………………………………………………
ANa0 = (c Na + c Na) (c Na + c Na)

= (2.0 c Na) 2
information on c Na and A Na0 .

Equation CNa
тuncr 17.4.5.1 ………A Na is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor or group of adhesive ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 bond strength calculations are predicated on the parameter
cNa = 10da
1100 anchors that shall be approximated as a rectilinear area that projects outward a distance cNa from “c Na”, which is defined in Chapter 2 as the “projected distance from the center
through a row of adjacent adhesive anchors……..…….A Na0 is the projected influence area of a strength of a single adhesive anchor”. c Na is calculated per Equation (17.4.5.1d).
single adhesive anchor with an edge distance equal to or greater than c Na . The parameter “d a” corresponds to the diameter of the anchor element selected
adhesive product selected for the PROFIS Engineering application being modeled.
where The modification factor A Na accounts for the area of influence assumed to develop
тuncr with respect to bond failure, for the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d been input into the PROFIS Engineering model. Per the provisions for A Na given in
1100
Section 17.4.5.1, PROFIS Engineering limits the geometry used to define A Na to a
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. A Na0 is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence assumed to
develop in concrete, with respect to bond failure, when a prying (i.e. tension)
load is applied to a single anchor without the influence of any fixed edges. Per
the provisions for A Na0 given in Section 17.4.5.1, PROFIS Engineering defines the
geometry for A Na0 as a projected distance of “c Na“ from the anchor in the +x, -x, +y
and -y directions.
тuncr:
Characteristic bond stress of an adhesive anchor in uncracked
concrete
c Na: Projected distance from the center of an adhesive anchor

Equation ψec,Na
17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, ………………… Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall not exceed: Concrete pryout strength for a group of anchors in shear (Vcpg) is calculated per
1
ψec,Na = ≤ 1.0 (b) For a group of anchors Eq. (17.5.3.1b). The parameter “N cpg” in this equation corresponds to the nominal
e´N bond strength (Nag), calculated per Eq. (17.4.5.1b), but with respect to concrete
1+ pryout failure. It is important to understand that “Nag” calculated for bond failure in
cNa Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b)
tension is not necessarily the same as “N ag” calculated for concrete pryout failure
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncpg shall be taken as Ncbg determined from Eq. in shear. Reasons for this can include:
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, Ncpg shall be the lesser of Nag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b) •T
he number of anchors in tension is not the same as the number of anchors
and N cbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b) in shear
…………………………………………………… • T he tension load may be eccentric with the anchors in tension but the shear
load may not be eccentric with the anchors in shear
•T
he shear load may be eccentric with the anchors in shear but the tension
load may not be eccentric with the anchors in tension
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension…….. N ag of a group of adhesive anchors, shall not •T
ension and shear eccentricities are not necessarily equal
exceed: When considering concrete pryout failure, the parameter “ψec,Na” in Eq. (17.4.5.1b)
……………………………………… is a modification factor that accounts for shear load eccentricity. Therefore, when
calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear using Eq. (17.4.5.1b), the
(b) For a group of adhesive anchors parameter ψec,Na accounts for a resultant shear load that is eccentric with respect
to the centroid of the anchors that are loaded in shear. ψec,Na is only considered
A Na for an anchor group loaded in shear when calculating the nominal concrete pryout
Nag = ψec,Na ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba (17.4.5.1 b)
A Na0 strength (Vcpg).
The illustration below shows how PROFIS Engineering considers shear

17.4.5.3 The modification factor for adhesive anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,Na eccentricity when calculating Vcpg. The resultant shear load (Vres) is eccentric in
shall be calculated as both the x direction and y direction with respect to the centroid of the anchors
that are in shear. PROFIS Engineering defines the eccentricity of the shear load in
1 the x-direction as the parameter “e c1,N” and eccentricity in the y-direction as the
ψec,Na = (17.4.5.3) parameter “e c2,N”.
e´N
1+
cNa
but ψec,Na shall not be taken greater than 1.0.
tension, only those adhesive anchors that are in tension shall be considered when determining the
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two orthogonal axes, the modification factor,
ψec,Na , shall be calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,Na
in Eq. (17.4.5.1b).

Equation ψec,Na (continued)

If shear eccentricity exists in more than one direction, PROFIS Engineering

1
ψec,Na = calculates a ψ-modification factor for each direction using Eq. (17.4.5.3). PROFIS
e´N Engineering designates the ψ-modification factor for eccentricity in the x-direction
1+ “ψec1,Na”, and the ψ-modification factor for eccentricity in the y-direction “ψec2,Na”.
cNa
Per Section 17.4.5.3, PROFIS Engineering uses the product of these modification
factors in Eq. (17.4.5.1b) to calculate the pryout parameter (N cpg) per Eq. (17.5.3.1b)
when shear eccentricity exists in both the x and y directions.
e c1,N: Parameter for shear eccentricity with respect to the x direction
e c2,N: Parameter for shear eccentricity with respect to the y direction
c Na: Edge distance parameter for adhesive anchors
ψec1,Na: Modification factor for shear eccentricity with respect to the x direction
ψec2,Na: Modification factor for shear eccentricity with respect to the y direction

Equation ψed,Na
17.4.5.4 The modification factor for edge effects for single adhesive anchors or adhesive anchor When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
ca,min
ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 ≤ 1.0 groups loaded in tension, ψed,Na , shall be calculated as parameter ψed,Na is a modification factor that accounts for fixed edge distances
cNa less than c Na , where c Na corresponds to a calculated value representing a
projected distance from the center of an adhesive anchor. The illustration below
If ca,min ≥ cNa, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.4a) shows how the assumed area of influence with respect to pryout (A Na) would be
defined for an anchoring application being modeled with two fixed edges (c a1 and
c a2) that are both less than c Na , and with c a1 being less than c a2 . The smallest edge
ca,min distance (c a1) corresponds to the parameter c a,min , and would be used to calculate
the modification factor ψed,Na .
cNa
17.4.5.1……………………………………………………………
тuncr
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d
1100
ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a1 / c Na)
It is important to understand that “ψed,Na” calculated for bond failure in tension is

not necessarily the same as “ψed,Na” calculated for concrete pryout failure in shear
since the number of anchors in tension may not be the same as the number of
anchors in shear.
ψed,Na: Modification factor for edge distance

Equation ψcp,Na
17.4.5.5 The modification factor for adhesive anchors designed for uncracked concrete in When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg),
ca,min cNa
ψcp,Na = MAX , ≤1.0 accordance with 17.4.5.2 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,Na , shall be the parameter ψcp,Na is a modification factor that considers splitting failure for
cac cac calculated as: an adhesive anchor. Since ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions do not
If ca,min ≥ cac, then ψcp,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.5a) specifically consider concrete splitting as a failure mode, splitting is addressed
through the ψcp,Na modification factor. The parameter ψcp,Na is only considered
when designing adhesive anchors installed in uncracked concrete. Splitting failure
ca,min will typically not occur for cast-in-place anchors, and is not considered in PROFIS
cac Engineering when these anchors are being modeled.
but ψ cp,Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.5b) shall not be taken less than c Na /c ac, where the critical Splitting failure is influenced by the distance of an anchor from a fixed edge “in a
distance c ac is defined in 17.7.6. For all other cases, ψcp,Na shall be taken as 1.0. region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no cracking at service load
levels”. The parameter c ac that is used to calculate ψcp,Na is defined in ACI 318 as
17.4.5.1…………………………………………………………… the “critical edge distance required to develop the basic strength as controlled
тuncr concrete without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting.” ψcp,Na does
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d not need to be calculated if the smallest fixed edge distance (c a,min) is greater than
1100
or equal to cac, or if cracked concrete conditions are assumed. Testing per the
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. to derive c ac values for adhesive anchor systems. c ac values derived from this
17.4.2.6 For anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no testing are provided in an ICC-ESR. ACI 318-14 Section 17.7.6 provides cac -values
cracking at service load levels…………….. for post-installed anchors; however, these values are only intended to be used as
“guide values” in the absence of c ac values derived from product-specific testing.
17.7.6 Unless determined from tension tests in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4, the critical PROFIS Engineering uses the c ac -value that is given in the ICC-ES evaluation
edge distance cac shall not be taken less than: report for an adhesive anchor to calculate ψcp,Na .
Adhesive anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2h ef The value for ψcp,Na that PROFIS Engineering calculates will be limited to
Undercut anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5h ef
MAXIMUM { c a,min/c ac : c Na /c ac}
Torque-controlled expansion anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4h ef
Displacement-controlled expansion anchor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4h ef where c a,min is the smallest fixed edge distance being modeled in the application
and c Na is the adhesive anchor edge distance parameter calculated per Eq.
(17.4.5.1d) for the adhesive anchor being modeled.
It is important to understand that “ψcp,Na” calculated for bond failure in tension is

not necessarily the same as “ψcp,Na” calculated for concrete pryout failure in shear
anchors in shear.
cac: Value derived from testing per AC308/ACI 355.4 for the adhesive
anchor being modeled
ψcp,Na: Modification factor for uncracked concrete

Equation Nba
Nba = λa тcr πda hef 17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , The parameter N ba corresponds to a calculated bond strength for a single
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) Calculation of N ba is predicated on the characteristic bond stress of the adhesive
product (тcr or тuncr), and the anchor element geometry (πd a and h ef), where d a
The characteristic bond stress тcr shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests corresponds to the nominal diameter of the anchor element and h ef corresponds
performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.4. to the effective embedment depth that has been input into PROFIS Engineering
Where analysis indicates cracking at service load levels, adhesive anchors shall be shown for the selected anchor element. Equation (17.4.5.2) also includes a modification
compliance for use in cracked concrete in accordance with ACI 355.4. factor for lightweight concrete (λa).
For adhesive anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions default to a design assumption that
cracking at service load levels, тuncr shall be permitted to be used in place of тcr in Eq. (17.4.5.2) cracked concrete conditions exist. Concrete is typically assumed to crack under
and shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according normal service load conditions. If cracked concrete conditions are assumed, the
to ACI 355.4. characteristic bond stress for cracked concrete (тcr) is used to calculate N ba . If
uncracked concrete conditions are assumed, the characteristic bond stress for
It shall be permitted to use the minimum characteristic bond stress values in Table 17.4.5.2 uncracked concrete (тuncr) is used to calculate N ba .
provided (a) through (e) are satisfied:
(a) Anchors shall meet the requirements of ACI 355.4 ACI 355.4 is used to derive characteristic bond stress values for adhesive
(b) Anchors shall be installed in holes drilled with a rotary impact drill or rock drill anchor systems. Values derived from this testing are provided in an ICC-ESR
(c) C
oncrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum compressive strength of 2500 and are designated “т k,cr”, corresponding to the characteristic bond stress in
psi cracked concrete, and “т k,uncr”, corresponding to the characteristic bond stress
in uncracked concrete. The values given in Table 17.4.5.2 for “тcr” or “тuncr” are
(d) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum age of 21 days intended to be used as guide values in the absence of product-specific data.
(e) Concrete temperature at time of installation shall be at least 50°F PROFIS Engineering uses the т k,cr and т k,uncr values given in the ICC-ES evaluation
report for the adhesive anchor that has been selected to calculate N ba . Although
noted in the ICC-ESR as a “strength”, т k,cr and т k,uncr are stress parameters having
units of psi. The parameter “α N,seis” is a seismic reduction factor derived from
Installation Moisture content of Peak in-service testing per AC308/ACI 354, and is also given in the anchor ICC-ESR. The PROFIS
тcr тuncr
psi psi Engineering report includes α N,seis as a parameter used to calculate N ba .
Outdoor Dry to fully saturated 175 200 650 Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Indoor Dry 110 300 1000 λa: Lightweight concrete modification factor
[1] Where anchor design includes sustained tension loading, multiply values of тcr and тuncr by 0.4. т k,xxxx: Characteristic bond stress for cracked or uncracked concrete
[2] W
0.4. α N,seis: Seismic modification factor
h ef: Effective embedment depth that has been selected for the anchor
being modeled
information on the parameter N ba .

Equation Nba (continued)

Nba = λa тcr πda hef Example:

Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (т kcr and т k,uncr) and
the seismic reduction value α N,seis .
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
(mm) (191.00) (254.00) (318.00) (381.00) (445.00) (508.00) (635.00)
Characteristic bond strength in psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380
Temperature
cracked concrete т k,cr

Range A 2
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.10) (8.70) (8.90) (9.10) (9.50)

uncracked concrete т k,uncr
(Mpa) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30)
Temperature

Range B2
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)

(Mpa) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30)
Temperature

Range C2
(Mpa) (5.90) (6.40) (6.60) (7.10) (7.30) (7.50) (7.80)

(Mpa) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60)
1 Bond strength values correspond to concrete compressive strength f´c = 2500 psi. For concrete compressive strength f´c between 2500
psi and 800 psi, the tabulated characteristic bond strength may be increased by a factor of (f´c / 2500) 0.1.

Variables kcp
kcp 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, Vcp for a single anchor or Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall The parameter “kcp” is defined in ACI 318-14 as the “coefficient for pryout
not exceed: strength”. The commentary R17.5.3.1 states:
(a) For a single anchor “………………………the pryout shear resistance
can be approximated as one to two times
Vcp = kcp Ncp (17.5.3.1a) the anchor tensile resistance with the lower
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, N cp shall be taken as N cb determined from Eq. value appropriate for h ef less than 2.5 in.”
(17.4.2.1a), and for adhesive anchors, N cp shall be the lesser of N a determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1a) PROFIS Engineering applies kcp per Section 17.5.3.1 for the cast-in anchors and
and N cb determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1a). post-installed anchors in its portfolio.
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b)
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, N cpg shall be taken as N cbg determined from Eq.
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, N cpg shall be the lesser of N ag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b)
and N cbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b).
In Eq. (17.5.3.1a) and (17.5.3.1b), kcp = 1.0 for h ef < 2.5 in.; and kcp = 2.0 for h ef ≥ 2.5 in.
Variables тk,uncr
тk,uncr 17.4.5.1 ………………………….. where The parameter “т uncr” corresponds to the characteristic bond stress in uncracked
тuncr concrete. It is used to calculate the parameter “c Na”, which is defined in
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d
1100 ACI 318-14 Equation (17.4.5.1d). If uncracked concrete conditions are assumed,
т uncr is also used to calculate the parameter “N ba”, which is defined in ACI 318-14
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. Equation (17.4.5.2).
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions default to a design assumption that
shall not exceed cracked concrete conditions exist; however, cNa is always calculated using тuncr
regardless of whether cracked or uncracked concrete conditions are assumed.
The characteristic bond stress тcr shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests N ba can be calculated for either cracked or uncracked concrete conditions.
performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.4. PROFIS Engineering calculates c Na and N ba using the characteristic bond stress
For adhesive anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no values given in the ICC-ESR for the adhesive anchor system. The ICC-ESR
cracking at service load levels,тuncr shall be permitted to be used in place of тcr in Eq. (17.4.5.2) and designates the ACI 318 parameter “т uncr” as “тk,uncr” and the PROFIS Engineering
shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to report designates “т uncr“ as “тk,c,uncr”.
ACI 355.4. Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard
It shall be permitted to use the minimum characteristic bond stress values in Table 17.4.5.2 ACI 355.4 is used to derive characteristic bond stress values for adhesive anchor
provided (a) through (e) are satisfied: systems. Values derived from this testing are provided in an ICC-ESR. Values
designated “тk,uncr” in the ICC-ESR correspond to the characteristic bond stress
(a) Anchors shall meet the requirements of ACI 355.4 in uncracked concrete. The values designated ”т uncr“ in ACI 318-14 Table 17.4.5.2
are intended to be used as guide values in the absence of product-specific data.
(b) Anchors shall be installed in holes drilled with a rotary impact drill or rock drill When uncracked concrete conditions are assumed, PROFIS Engineering uses the
(c) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum compressive strength of 2500 psi тk,uncr values given in the ICC-ESR for adhesive anchor bond strength calculations.
Although noted in the ICC-ESR as a “strength”, тk,uncr is stress parameter having
(d) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum age of 21 days units of psi.
(e) Concrete temperature at time of installation shall be at least 50°F

Variables тk,uncr (continued)

тk,uncr Table 17.4.5.2 — Minimum characteristic bond stresses [1] [2]

тk,uncr -values in the ICC-ESR are relevant to testing in concrete having a
тcr тuncr
strengths 2500 psi < f´c ≤ 8000 psi using the factor noted in the bond strength
and service concrete at time of temperature table footnotes. PROFIS Engineering increases the тk,uncr -values by this factor
psi psi
environment anchor installation of concrete °F when concrete compressive strengths > 2500 psi are being modeled.
тk,uncr -values in the ICC-ESR are also dependent on the “temperature range”
Indoor Dry 110 300 1000 corresponding to “long term” and “short term” concrete temperatures. The
ICC-ESR defines “long term” concrete temperatures as being “roughly constant”
[1] Where anchor design includes sustained tension loading, multiply values of тcr and тuncr by 0.4. over time. “Short term” concrete temperatures are elevated temperatures “that
[2] W
0.4. occur over brief intervals”. Both types of temperature are relevant to the concrete
Example: the time anchors are installed. Long term and short term temperature ranges are
defined in footnotes for the bond strength tables of an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR.
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (т k,cr
тk,uncr -values corresponding to a particular temperature range are given in the
and т k,uncr).
bond strength table.
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). information on:
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 тk,c: Characteristic bond stress in cracked concrete
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
Minimum Embedment hef,min Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
information on:
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
Maximum Embedment hef,max c Na: Projected distance from an adhesive anchor
(mm) (191.00) (254.00) (318.00) (381.00) (445.00) (508.00) (635.00)
Characteristic bond strength in psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 N ba: Basic bond strength for a single adhesive anchor
Temperature

Range A 2
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.10) (8.70) (8.90) (9.10) (9.50)

(Mpa) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30)
Temperature

Range B2
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)

(Mpa) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30)
Temperature

Range C2
(Mpa) (5.90) (6.40) (6.60) (7.10) (7.30) (7.50) (7.80)

(Mpa) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60)

Variables тk,c
тk,c 17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , The parameter “тcr” corresponds to the characteristic bond stress in cracked
shall not exceed concrete. If cracked concrete conditions are assumed, тcr is used to calculate the
parameter “N ba”, which is defined in ACI 318-14 Equation (17.4.5.2).
The characteristic bond stress тcr shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests
performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.4. ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions default to a design assumption that
cracked concrete conditions exist. N ba can be calculated for either cracked or
For adhesive anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no uncracked concrete conditions. PROFIS Engineering calculates N ba using the
cracking at service load levels, тuncr shall be permitted to be used in place of тcr in Eq. (17.4.5.2) characteristic bond stress values given in the ICC-ESR for the adhesive anchor
and shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according system. The ICC-ESR designates the ACI 318 parameter “тcr“ as “тk,cr” and the
to ACI 355.4. PROFIS Engineering report designates “тcr“ as “тk,c”.
It shall be permitted to use the minimum characteristic bond stress values in Table 17.4.5.2 Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard ACI
provided (a) through (e) are satisfied: 355.4 is used to derive characteristic bond stress values for adhesive anchor
(a) Anchors shall meet the requirements of ACI 355.4 systems. Values derived from this testing are provided in an ICC-ESR. Values
(b) Anchors shall be installed in holes drilled with a rotary impact drill or rock drill designated “тk,cr” in the ICC-ESR correspond to the characteristic bond stress
in cracked concrete. The values designated ”тcr“ in ACI 318-14 Table 17.4.5.2 are
(c) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum compressive strength of 2500 psi intended to be used as guide values in the absence of product-specific data.
(d) Concrete at time of anchor installation shall have a minimum age of 21 days When cracked concrete conditions are assumed, PROFIS Engineering uses the
(e) Concrete temperature at time of installation shall be at least 50°F тk,cr values given in the ICC-ESR for adhesive anchor bond strength calculations.
Although noted in the ICC-ESR as a “strength”, тk,cr is stress parameter having
Table 17.4.5.2 — Minimum characteristic bond stresses [1] [2] units of psi.
тk,cr -values in the ICC-ESR are relevant to testing in concrete having a

тcr тuncr compressive strength of 2500 psi. These values can be increased for compressive
psi psi strengths 2500 psi < f´c ≤ 8000 psi using the factor noted in the bond strength
table footnotes. PROFIS Engineering increases the тk,cr -values by this factor when
concrete compressive strengths > 2500 psi are being modeled.
Indoor Dry 110 300 1000 тk,cr -values in the ICC-ESR are also dependent on the “temperature range”
[1] Where anchor design includes sustained tension loading, multiply values of тcr and тuncr by 0.4. corresponding to “long term” and “short term” concrete temperatures. The
[2] W
here design includes earthquake loads for structures assigned to SDC C, D, E, or F, multiply values of тcr by 0.8 and тuncr by ICC-ESR defines “long term” concrete temperatures as being “roughly constant”
0.4.
occur over brief intervals”. Both types of temperature are relevant to the concrete
the time anchors are installed. Long term and short term temperature ranges are
defined in footnotes for the bond strength tables of an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR.
тk,cr -values corresponding to a particular temperature range are given in the bond
strength table.
information on:
тk,c,uncr: Characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete
information on:

Variables тk,c (continued)

тk,c Example:
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (т k,cr
and т k,uncr).
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
(mm) (191.00) (254.00) (318.00) (381.00) (445.00) (508.00) (635.00)
Temperature

Range A 2
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.10) (8.70) (8.90) (9.10) (9.50)

(Mpa) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30)
Temperature

Range B2
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)

(Mpa) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30)
Temperature

Range C2
(Mpa) (5.90) (6.40) (6.60) (7.10) (7.30) (7.50) (7.80)

(Mpa) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60)
concrete temperatures are roughly constant over significant periods of time

Variables da
da 17.4.5.1 ………………………….. where The parameter d a is defined in ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 as the “outside diameter” of
тuncr an anchor or the “shaft diameter” of a headed stud, headed bolt or hooked bolt.
cNa = 10da (17.4.5.1d)
1100 Therefore, da corresponds to the external diameter of an anchor element.
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. da is used to calculate the parameter “cNa”, which is defined in ACI 318-14 Equation
(17.4.5.1d); and the parameter “Nba”, which is defined in ACI 318-14 Equation
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , (17.4.5.2). Other parameters such as effective embedment depth (hef), characteristic
shall not exceed bond stress (тk) and α N,seis, which are used in bond strength calculations, are also
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) dependent on the diameter of the anchor element being used.
The PROFIS Engineering adhesive anchor portfolio permits bond strength

Example: calculations with the following anchor elements:
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing parameters that are dependent on the • Threaded rods
anchor element diameter • Reinforcing bars
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 • Internally threaded inserts
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). • Specialty anchor elements
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
Information about these anchor element types is given in the ICC-ESR for
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5 an adhesive anchor system. PROFIS Engineering uses the anchor diameter
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127 parameter referenced in the ICC-ESR bond strength tables for an adhesive anchor
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25 system to calculate c Na and N ba for a specific anchor element. When design
Maximum Embedment hef,max with a threaded rod or reinforcing bar is selected, PROFIS Engineering uses the
(mm) (191.00) (254.00) (318.00) (381.00) (445.00) (508.00) (635.00)
nominal diameter of the anchor element to calculate cNa and N ba . When design
Temperature
cracked concrete т k,cr with Hilti HIS-N and HIS-RN internally threaded inserts is selected, PROFIS
Range A 2
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.10) (8.70) (8.90) (9.10) (9.50)

Engineering uses the outside diameter of the insert to calculate cNa and N ba .
uncracked concrete т k,uncr Below are illustrations showing how the parameter da for calculating c Na and N ba
(Mpa) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) can be defined for various anchor elements. The parameter “d hole” noted in the
Characteristic bond strength in psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 illustrations corresponds to the diameter of the drilled hole into which the adhesive
Temperature

Range B2
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50) product and anchor element are inserted.
(Mpa) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30) (15.30)
Temperature

Range C2
(Mpa) (5.90) (6.40) (6.60) (7.10) (7.30) (7.50) (7.80)

(Mpa) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60) (12.60)
Short term elevated concrete temperatures are those which occur over brief intervals, e.g. as a result of diurnal cycling. Long term Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
information on:
тk,c,uncr: Characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete
тk,c: Characteristic bond stress in cracked concrete
α N,seis: Seismic reduction factor
information on:

Variables hef
hef 17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , The parameter N ba corresponds to a calculated bond strength for a single
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) Calculation of N ba is predicated on the characteristic bond stress of the
adhesive product (тcr or т uncr), the anchor element geometry (πd a and h ef), and a
Example: modification factor for lightweight concrete (λa). Adhesive anchor systems tested
per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 can also include an additional seismic
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing effective embedment depth values (h ef,min and h ef,max) for modification factor (α N,seis). when calculating N ba .
threaded rod elements used with an adhesive anchor system.
h ef is defined as the “effective embedment depth of an anchor”. This parameter
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 corresponds to the embedded portion of the anchor that is “effective” in
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). transferring tension load from the anchor into the concrete. ACI 318-14 Equation
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units (17.4.5.2) includes h ef for calculating N ba .
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5 Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127 ACI 355.4 is used to derive product-specific data that is used in ACI 318-14 bond
strength calculations for an adhesive anchor system. Data derived from this
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
Maximum Embedment hef,max testing, as well as some of the parameters used to develop this data, are provided
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635) in an ICC-ESR. The minimum effective embedment depth (h ef,min) derived from
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 this testing is specific to the anchor element (e.g. threaded rod, rebar, internally
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete threaded insert), and to the adhesive product. AC308 limits the maximum effective
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
embedment depth (h ef,max) for adhesive anchor systems to a value of 20 times the
in uncracked concrete т k,uncr anchor diameter (20d a). For post-installed adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) permits users to input hef values that are within the embedment depth range given
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 in the ICC-ESR for a specific anchor element, diameter, and adhesive product.
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
post-installed adhesive anchor
in uncracked concrete т k,uncr h ef,min< h ef ≤ h ef,max
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Characteristic bond strength psi 855 930 960 1035 1055 1085 1130 where h ef,min and h ef,max (=20d a) are given in the anchor ICC-ESR
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)

Variables ca,min
ca,min 17.4.5.1 …….. A Na is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor or group of adhesive c a,min is defined as the “minimum distance from the center of an anchor shaft to
anchors that shall be approximated as a rectilinear area that projects outward a distance c Na from the edge of concrete.” When one or more fixed edges are modeled in PROFIS
the centerline of the adhesive anchor, or in the case of a group of adhesive anchors, from a line Engineering, the report will show the smallest fixed edge as “c a,min” in the
through a row of adjacent adhesive anchors…….. Variables section.
17.4.5.1 …….. A Na0 is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor with an edge Excerpted ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions and equations that
distance equal to or greater than c Na . include c a,min for calculating bond strength in tension are shown to the left.
Reference the parameters A Na and A Na0 in the Equations section of the PROFIS
A Na0 = (2cNa)2 (17.4.5.1c) Engineering report for more information on the following parameters:
17.4.5.4 The modification factor for edge effects for single adhesive anchors or adhesive anchor c a1: Distance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in one
groups loaded in tension, ψed,Na , shall be calculated as direction (e.g. the x+ direction). For tension calculations, ca1 is the smallest
If ca,min ≥ cNa, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.4a) fixed edge distance
c a2: Distance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in a
direction perpendicular to c a1 (e.g. the y+ direction)
ca,min
If ca,min < cNa, then ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 (17.4.5.4b) Reference the parameters ψed,Na and ψcp,Na in the Equations and Calculations
cNa sections of the PROFIS Engineering report for more information on how ca,min is
used to calculate these parameters.
accordance with 17.4.5.2 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,Na , shall be
calculated as:
ca,min
cac
but ψcp,Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.5b) shall not be taken less than c Na /c ac, where the critical
distance c ac is defined in 17.7.6. For all other cases, ψcp,Na shall be taken as 1.0.

Variables ec1,N
e c1,N 17.4.5.3 The modification factor for adhesive anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,Na e c1,N is a PROFIS Engineering parameter to define pryout eccentricity with respect
shall be calculated as: to the x direction. The value for e c1,N corresponds the distance in the x direction of
1 a resultant shear load from the centroid of anchors that are loaded in shear. When
ψec,Na = (17.4.5.3) considering concrete pryout strength in shear, PROFIS Engineering uses ec1,N to
e´N calculate the ACI 318 modification factor for eccentricity (ψec,N), and designates
1+
cNa this modification factor ψec1,N to indicate eccentricity is being considered in the
x direction. PROFIS Engineering pryout calculations for shear eccentricity with
respect to the x direction are as follows:
but ψ ec,Na shall not be taken greater than 1.0.
•C
alculate a resultant shear load acting on the anchors
•C
alculate the distance in the x direction (e c1,N) between this load and the
If the loading on an adhesive anchor group is such that only some adhesive anchors are in centroid of the anchors loaded in shear
tension, only those adhesive anchors that are in tension shall be considered when determining the • Calculate a modification factor for eccentricity (ψec1,N) with respect to the x
eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.5.3) and for the calculation of N ag according to Eq. (17.4.5.1b). direction
If the resultant shear load acting on the anchorage is eccentric with respect
to both the x and y directions; PROFIS Engineering calculates the eccentricity
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two orthogonal axes, the modification factor, for each direction (e c1,N with respect to the x direction and e c2,N with respect
ψ ec,Na , shall be calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,Na to the y direction), and the ψec,N modification factor for each direction (ψec1,N
in Eq. (17.4.5.1b). for eccentricity with respect to the x direction and ψec2,N for eccentricity with
respect to the y direction). ψec1,N and ψec2,N are multiplied together to give a total
modification factor for pryout eccentricity.

eccentricity when calculating Vcpg. The resultant shear load (Vres) is eccentric in
both the x direction and y direction with respect to the centroid of the anchors
the x-direction as the parameter “e c1,N” and eccentricity in the y-direction as the
parameter “e c2,N”.
information on:
e c2,N: Parameter for pryout eccentricity with respect to the y direction

Variables ec2,N
e c2,N 17.4.5.3 The modification factor for adhesive anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,Na e c2,N is a PROFIS Engineering parameter to define pryout eccentricity with respect
shall be calculated as: to the y direction. The value for e c2,N corresponds the distance in the y direction of
1 a resultant shear load from the centroid of anchors that are loaded in shear. When
ψec,Na = (17.4.5.3) considering concrete pryout strength in shear, PROFIS Engineering uses ec2,N to
e´N calculate the ACI 318 modification factor for eccentricity (ψec,N), and designates
1+
cNa this modification factor ψec2,N to indicate eccentricity is being considered in the
y direction. PROFIS Engineering pryout calculations for shear eccentricity with
respect to the y direction are as follows:
but ψ ec,Na shall not be taken greater than 1.0.
• Calculate a resultant shear load acting on the anchors.
• Calculate the distance in the y direction (e c2,N) between this load and the
If the loading on an adhesive anchor group is such that only some adhesive anchors are in centroid of the anchors loaded in shear.
tension, only those adhesive anchors that are in tension shall be considered when determining the • Calculate a modification factor for eccentricity (ψec2,N) with respect to the y
eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.5.3) and for the calculation of N ag according to Eq. (17.4.5.1b). direction.
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two orthogonal axes, the modification factor, If the resultant shear load acting on the anchorage is eccentric with respect
ψ ec,Na , shall be calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,Na to both the x and y directions; PROFIS Engineering calculates the eccentricity
in for each direction (e c1,N with respect to the x direction and e c2,N with respect
to the y direction), and the ψec,N modification factor for each direction (ψec1,N
Eq. (17.4.5.1b). for eccentricity with respect to the x direction and ψec2,N for eccentricity with

information on:
e c1,N: Parameter for pryout eccentricity with respect to the x direction

Variables cac
cac 17.4.5.5 The modification factor for adhesive anchors designed for uncracked concrete in ψcp,Na is a modification factor that considers splitting failure for an adhesive anchor
accordance with 17.4.5.2 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,Na , shall be when calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg).
calculated as: ψcp,Na is only considered when designing adhesive anchors installed in uncracked
concrete. Concrete cracks when tensile stresses in the concrete imposed by loads
If ca,min ≥ cac, then ψcp,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.5a) or restraint conditions exceed its tensile strength. ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete
provisions assume cracked concrete as the baseline condition for designing
anchors. Uncracked concrete conditions can be assumed if it can be shown
that cracking of the concrete at service load levels will not occur over the anchor
ca,min service life. PROFIS Engineering defaults to cracked concrete conditions.
cac
but ψcp,Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.5b) shall not be taken less than c Na /c ac, where the critical region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no cracking at service load
distance cac is defined in 17.7.6. For all other cases, ψcp,Na shall be taken as 1.0. levels”. The parameter c ac that is used to calculate ψcp,Na is defined in ACI 318 as
17.4.5.1…………………………………………………………… by concrete breakout or bond of a post-installed anchor in tension in uncracked
тuncr concrete without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting.” Nominal
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d concrete breakout strength in tension (N cb or Ncbg) and nominal bond strength
1100
(Na or Nag) are considered when calculating nominal pryout strength in shear.
Calculation of these strengths includes the parameter ψcp,Na when uncracked
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. concrete conditions are assumed. Therefore, the parameter cac is also relevant to
17.4.2.6 For anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no pryout calculations when uncracked concrete conditions are assumed.
cracking at service load levels…………….. Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard
17.7.6 Unless determined from tension tests in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4, the critical ACI 355.4 is used to derive c ac values for adhesive anchor systems. c ac for
edge distance c ac shall not be taken less than: adhesive anchor systems is calculated using the effective embedment depth (h ef),
and characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete (т k,uncr).
Adhesive anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2h ef
Undercut anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5h ef The c ac -values for post-installed anchors noted in ACI 318-14 Section 17.7.6 are
only intended to be used as “guide values” in the absence of cac -values derived
Torque-controlled expansion anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4h ef from product-specific testing. PROFIS Engineering always uses the c ac -value that
Displacement-controlled expansion anchor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4h ef is given (mechanical anchor) or calculated (adhesive anchor system) in the ICC-ES

report for more information on the parameter ψcp,Na .
information on the parameter h ef.
information on the parameter тk,uncr.


cac Example of critical edge distance requirements given in an adhesive anchor approval. Reference
modification factor ψ cp,Na must be determined in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.5.5 or ACI 318-11
For all cases where c Na /c ac < 1.0, ψcp,Na determined from ACI 318-14 Eq. 17.4.5.5b or ACI 318-11 Eq.
D-27, as applicable, need not be taken less than c Na /c ac. For all other cases ψcp,Na shall be taken as
1.0.
The critical edge distance c ac must be calculated according to Eq. 17.4.5.5c for ACI 318-14 or Eq.
0.4
тk,uncr h
cac = hef ⁎ 3.1–0.7
1160 hef
where
h
hef
need not be taken as larger than 2.4; and тk,unc is the characteristic bond strength in uncracked

k uncr hef f´c
πd

Variables λa
λa 17.2.6 Modification factor λa for lightweight concrete shall be taken as: When calculating nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), λa
Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 λ is a modification factor for lightweight concrete that is used to calculate the
parameter “N ba” per Eq. (17.4.5.2). Generally speaking, ACI 318 applies a multiplier
Expansion and adhesive anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 λ to the parameter √f´c to “account for the properties of lightweight concrete”,
Adhesive anchor bond failure per Eq. (17.4.5.2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 λ and designates this parameter “λ”; however, λ is also used in the bond strength
calculation for N ba . The parameter “λa“ is a modification of “λ” that specifically
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4. It shall be permitted to use an alternative value of “accounts for the properties of lightweight concrete” with respect to anchoring-
λa where tests have been performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4. to-concrete calculations, hence the subscript “a” in “λa”. Per Section 17.2.6, the
19.2.4 Lightweight concrete modification factor λ, determined per the provisions of Section 19.2.4, is multiplied
by an additional factor that is specific to the type of anchor being used, to obtain
19.2.4.1 To account for the properties of lightweight concrete, a modification factor λ is used as a the parameter λa .
multiplier of √f´c in all applicable provisions of this Code.
19.2.4.2 The value of λ shall be based on the composition of the aggregate in the concrete mixture International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308
in accordance with Table 19.2.4.2 or as permitted in 19.2.4.3. in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. λa provisions for a specific post-
installed anchor are derived from this testing and will be given in the
Table 19.2.4.2 — Modification factor λ [1] [2] ICC-ESR for the anchor. For post-installed anchor design, PROFIS Engineering
uses a λa -value as referenced in the ICC-ESR provisions for the anchor. These
ICC-ESR provisions typically correspond to the ACI 318 provisions for λa .
Fine: ASTM C330
All-lightweight 0.75 PROFIS Engineering users can input a λ-value based on the properties of the
Coarse: ASTM C330
lightweight concrete being used in the application. Any λ-value between 0.75 and
Lightweight, fine blend 0.75 to 0.85 {1] 1.0 can be input. Per ACI 318 provisions for determining λa , when designing post-
Coarse: ASTM C330 installed adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering multiplies the λ-value that has
Fine: ASTM C33 been input by a factor of 0.6 (adhesive anchor bond failure), for the λa -value to
Sand-lightweight 0.85 calculate N ba .
Coarse: ASTM C330
Fine: ASTM C33 Reference the Equations and Calculations sections of the PROFIS Engineering
Sand-lighweight,
course blend
0.85 to 1 [2] report for more information on the parameter N ba .
Fine: ASTM C33
Normal weight 1
Coarse: ASTM C33
fct
λ = ≤ 1.0 (19.2.4.3)
6.7 fcm
Work.
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba ,
shall not exceed
…………………………………………………………….

Variables αN,seis
αN,seis ACI 318-14 equation for calculating N ba: α N,seis is a seismic modification factor that is used to calculate the basic bond
strength of an adhesive anchor (N ba). Values for α N,seis are derived from testing per
17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308. α N,seis-values are specific to the adhesive
shall not exceed product, the anchor element being used with that product, and the anchor
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) element diameter. Values for α N,seis are given in the ICC-ESR for an adhesive
anchor system.
PROFIS Engineering equation for calculating Nba: The parameter N ba corresponds to a calculated bond strength for a single
Nba = λa тk,c α N,seis πda hef adhesive anchor element without any fixed edge or spacing influences.
product (тcr or т uncr), and the anchor element geometry (πd a and h ef), where d a
Example: corresponds to the nominal diameter of the anchor element and h ef corresponds
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing the seismic modification factor α N,seis . to the effective embedment depth that has been input into PROFIS Engineering for
the selected anchor element. Calculation of Nba also includes a modification factor
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 14 for lightweight concrete (λa).
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). Adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance under the International
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 Building Code (IBC) via testing per AC308. AC308 references the ACI test
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5 standard for qualifying adhesive anchor systems (ACI 355.4), but ACI 355.4
Minimum Embedment hef,min does not include any provisions for determining α N,seis . Since ACI 355.4 does not
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
reference α N,seis , ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions do not reference α N,seis .
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25 However, since AC308 does include provisions for determining α N,seis , adhesive
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635) anchor systems shown compliance per AC308 to receive recognition under the
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 IBC include α N,seis as a parameter for calculating N ba .
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5) PROFIS Engineering uses the α N,seis-values given in the ICC-ESR for an adhesive
Characteristic bond strength psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 anchor system to calculate N ba . The PROFIS Engineering report therefore shows
in uncracked concrete т k,uncr α N,seis in the Variables section, and as a parameter for calculating N ba in the
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Equations section.
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
in uncracked concrete т k,uncr λa: Lightweight concrete modification factor
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete d a: Anchor element diameter

(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
Characteristic bond strength psi 1820 1820 1820 1820 1820 1820 1820 h ef: Effective embedment depth that has been selected for the anchor
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) being modeled
Reduction for Seismic Tension α N,seis - 0.88 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.97 1.0 Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
1 Bond strength values correspond to concrete compressive strength f´c = 2500 psi. For concrete compressive strength f´c between information on the parameter N ba .

Variables cNa
cNa 17.4.5.1 ………A Na is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor or group of adhesive ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 bond strength calculations are predicated on the parameter
anchors that shall be approximated as a rectilinear area that projects outward a distance cNa from “c Na”, which is defined in Chapter 2 as the “projected distance from the center
through a row of adjacent adhesive anchors……..……………….A Na0 is the projected influence area strength of a single adhesive anchor”. c Na is calculated per Equation (17.4.5.1d).
of a single adhesive anchor with an edge distance equal to or greater than c Na . The parameter “d a” corresponds to the diameter of the anchor element selected
where adhesive product selected for the PROFIS Engineering application being modeled.
тuncr The modification factor A Na accounts for the area of influence assumed to develop
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d with respect to bond failure, for the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have
1100
been input into the PROFIS Engineering model. Per the provisions for A Na given in
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. Section 17.4.5.1, PROFIS Engineering limits the geometry used to define A Na to a
17.4.5.3 The modification factor for adhesive anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,Na
shall be calculated as: c Na is also used to calculate the following bond strength parameters:
1 • A Na0: modification factor for the idealized area of influence assumed to

ψec,Na = (17.4.5.3) develop in concrete, with respect to bond failure, for a single anchor
e´N without any edge influences. Reference Equation (17.4.5.1c)
1+
cNa • ψec,Na: modification factor for an eccentric tension load acting on a group of
anchors. Reference Section 17.4.5.3
17.4.5.4 The modification factor for edge effects for single adhesive anchors or adhesive anchor • ψed,Na: modification factor for a fixed edge distance less than c Na . Reference
groups loaded in tension, ψed,Na , shall be calculated as Section 17.4.5.4
If ca,min ≥ cNa, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.4a) • ψcp,Na: modification factor to consider splitting failure. Reference Section
17.4.5.5
ca,min Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
cNa information on the following parameters:
accordance with 17.4.5.2 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,Na , shall be тuncr: Characteristic bond stress of an adhesive anchor in uncracked concrete
calculated as: Reference the Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
If ca,min ≥ cac, then ψcp,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.5a) information on the following parameters:
ca,min
If ca,min < cac, then ψcp,Na (17.4.5.5b) A Na0: Idealized area of influence modification factor for a single anchor
cac
ψec,Na: Modification factor for tension eccentricity
but ψcp,Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.5b) shall not be taken less than cNa /c ac, where the critical ψed,Na: Modification factor for edge distance
distance c ac is defined in 17.7.6. For all other cases, ψcp,Na shall be taken as 1.0.
ψec,Na: Modification factor for splitting

Variables cNa (continued)

cNa Example:
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESRshowing characteristic bond stress values (тk,uncr)
that could be used to calculate c Na for a given anchor diameter (d a) using Eq. (17.4.5.1d).
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)

Calculations ANa
A Na 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, Vcp for a single anchor or Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
not exceed: parameter A Na is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence
(a) For a single anchor assumed to develop in concrete when a shear load applied to a single anchor
or a group of anchors creates a prying (i.e. tension) action on the anchor(s). A Na
Vcp = kcp Ncp (17.5.3.1a) is calculated with the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have been input
into the PROFIS Engineering model. The geometry for A Na is defined by projected
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncp shall be taken as Ncb determined from Eq. distances from the anchors that are in shear. The maximum projected distance
(17.4.2.1a), and for adhesive anchors, Ncp shall be the lesser of Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1a) from an anchor that is considered when calculating A Na is limited to “c Na”, where
and N cb determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1a). c Na corresponds to the edge distance parameter calculated per Eq. (17.4.5.1d).
(b) For a group of anchors Therefore, the maximum edge distance parameter used to calculate A Na equals
cNa and the maximum spacing parameter used to calculate A Na equals 2.0c Na .
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b) Using these limits for edge distance and spacing, and defining the parameter
A Na0 per Eq. (17.4.5.1c), the value for A Na will never be greater than nA Na0 , where n
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncpg shall be taken as Ncbg determined from Eq. corresponds to the number of anchors in shear. This limit is described below.
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, Ncpg shall be the lesser of Nag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b)
and N cbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b) The figure below illustrates how A Na is calculated for pryout when a shear load
…………………………………………………… and spacing parameters equal to s1 and s 2 . Note that the maximum edge distance
parameter used to calculate A Na equals c Na . Anchors spaced greater than 2.0c Na
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension, N a of a single adhesive anchor or Nag of a group of from one another would not be considered to act as a group with respect to that
adhesive anchors, shall not exceed: spacing.
A Na
Na ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba (17.4.5.1a)
A Na0
A Na
Nag ψec,Na ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba (17.4.5.1b)
A Na0
……………………….. A Na is the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor or group of

adhesive anchors that shall be approximated as a rectilinear area that projects outward a distance
c Na from the centerline of the adhesive anchor, or in the case of a group of adhesive anchors, from
a line through a row of adjacent adhesive anchors……………………………………………………………
A Na0 is the projected influence area of a single anchor with an edge distance equal to or greater ANa = (c a1 + s1 + c Na) (c a2 + s 2 + c Na)
than c Na : where: ca1 and c a2 are ≤ c Na
s1 and s 2 are ≤ 2.0 c Na
A Na0 = (2cNa)2 (17.4.5.1c)
For the example above, if c a1 = c a2 = c Na and s1 = s 2 = 2.0c Na , then
where
тuncr
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d A Na would equal (c Na + 2.0c Na + c Na)(c Na + 2.0c Na + c Na) = 16c Na2 . The parameter
1100 A Nc/A Nc0 would equal 16c Na2 /4c Na2 = 4. Therefore, since the maximum edge
distance parameter (c Na) and maximum spacing parameter (2.0c Na) have been
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. assumed, A Na equals nA Na0 , where n = 4 corresponds to the number of anchors in
the group that resist shear.
It is important to understand that “A Na” calculated for bond failure in tension is not
necessarily the same as “A Na” calculated for concrete pryout failure in shear since
the number of anchors in tension may not be the same as the number of anchors
in shear.
information on A Na . and c Na .

Calculations ANa0
A Na0 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, Vcp for a single anchor or Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
not exceed: parameter A Na0 is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence
(a) For a single anchor without the influence of any fixed edges creates a prying (i.e. tension) action on
the anchor. A Na0 is calculated per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.1c). The parameter “c Na”
Vcp = kcp Ncp (17.5.3.1a) in this equation is calculated per Eq. (17.4.5.1d), and corresponds to an assumed
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncp shall be taken as Ncb determined from Eq. projected distance on either side of the anchor in the x and y directions.
(17.4.2.1a), and for adhesive anchors, Ncp shall be the lesser of Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1a) The figure below illustrates how A Na0 is calculated.
and N cb determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1a).
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncpg shall be taken as Ncbg determined from Eq.
and N cbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b)
……………………………………………………
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension, N a of a single anchor or Nag of a group of anchors,
shall not exceed:
a) For a single adhesive anchor
A Na
A Na0
b) For a group of adhesive anchors

ANa0 = (c Na + c Na) (c Na + c Na)
A Na = (2.0c Na) 2
A Na0 Adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance under the International
Building Code (IBC) via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and
………………………………………………………..A Na is the projected influence area of a single adhesive
the ACI standard ACI 355.4. The parameter “т uncr” in Eq. (17.4.5.1d) corresponds
anchor or group of adhesive anchors that shall be approximated as a rectilinear area that projects
to the characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete of the adhesive product
outward a distance c Na from the centerline of the adhesive anchor, or in the case of a group of
selected for the PROFIS Engineering application being modeled. Values for тuncr
adhesive anchors, from a line through a row of adjacent adhesive anchors. A Na shall not exceed
are derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, and are shown as “тk,uncr” in the
nA Na0 , where n is the number of adhesive anchors in the group that resist tension loads. A Na0 is
ICC-ESR for the adhesive anchor system. The PROFIS Engineering report
the projected influence area of a single adhesive anchor with an edge distance equal to or greater
designates this parameter “тk,c,uncr”.
than c Na
A Na0 = (2cNa)2 (17.4.5.1c)
information on the parameters тk,c,uncr and d a .
where
тuncr Reference the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
cNa = 10da (17.4.5.1d) information on A Na0 and c Na .
1100
and constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2.
Example:
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (тk,uncr).

Calculations ANa0 (continued)

A Na0 Example:
Example of a bond strength table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values (тk,uncr).
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)

Calculations ψed,Na
ψed,Na 17.4.5.4 The modification factor for edge effects for single adhesive anchors or adhesive anchor When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
groups loaded in tension, ψed,Na , shall be calculated as parameter ψed,Na is a modification factor that accounts for fixed edge distances
less than “c Na”, where c Na is the edge distance parameter calculated per Eq.
(17.4.5.1d) for the adhesive anchor being modeled in PROFIS Engineering.
If ca,min ≥ cNa, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.4a)
It is important to understand that “ψed,Na” calculated for bond failure in tension
is not necessarily the same as “ψed,Na” calculated for concrete pryout failure in
ca,min shear since the number of anchors in tension may not be the same as the number
If ca,min < cNa, then ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 (17.4.5.4b) of anchors in shear. In the illustration below, a fixture is being attached with
cNa six anchors, which are numbered 1-6. Anchors 3, 4, 5 and 6 are subjected to a
tension load, but all six anchors are subjected to a shear load. The edge distance
c a1 is less than the edge distance c a2 , and both edge distances are less than c Na .
17.4.5.1 …………………………………………………. where
тuncr
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d
1100
Since anchors 1 and 2 are in compression, the fixed edge distance in the -x
direction from anchors 3 and 4 that is relevant to the bond strength tension
calculations equals c a1 + the spacing between anchors 1 and 3 (sx13). Assuming c a1
+ sx13 is greater than c Na , the only fixed edge distance that is considered for ψed,Na
when calculating bond strength in tension is the distance in the +y direction (c a2).
ψed,Na would be calculated for bond strength in tension as follows:
ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a2 /c Na)

Calculations ψed,Na (continued)

ψed,Na All six anchors are in shear, so both c a1 and c a2 (which are less than c Na) are
considered for ψed,Na when calculating concrete pryout in shear. Since ca1 is less
than c a2 , ψed,Na would be calculated for concrete pryout in shear using ca1 as
follows:
ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a1 /c Na)
information c a,min .
information on ψed,Na .


ψec1,Na 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, ………………… Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall not exceed: Concrete pryout strength for a group of anchors in shear (Vcpg) is calculated per
Eq. (17.5.3.1b). The parameter “N cpg” in this equation corresponds to the nominal
(b) For a group of anchors bond strength (Nag), calculated per Eq. (17.4.5.1b), but with respect to concrete
pryout failure. The parameter “ψec,Na” in Eq. (17.4.5.1b) is a modification factor that
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b) accounts for a resultant shear load that is eccentric with respect to the centroid of
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncpg shall be taken as Ncbg determined from Eq. the anchors that are loaded in shear. ψec,Na is only considered for an anchor group
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, Ncpg shall be the lesser of Nag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b) loaded in shear when calculating Vcpg.
and N cbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b) When shear load acting on a group of anchors is eccentric with respect to the x
…………………………………………………… direction, PROFIS Engineering calculates “ψec,N” per Eq. (17.4.5.3) and designates
this parameter “ψec1,Na”. PROFIS Engineering designates the eccentricity
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension……………………… Nag of a group of anchors, shall parameter e´N in Eq. (17.4.5.3) “e c1,N” to likewise indicate that the software is
not exceed: considering eccentricity with respect to the x direction. If the resultant shear load
acting on the anchorage is eccentric with respect to both the x and y directions;
…………………………………………………… PROFIS Engineering calculates “ψec,N” for both directions.
a) For a group of adhesive anchors The illustration below shows how PROFIS Engineering considers shear
A Na both the x direction and y direction with respect to the centroid of the anchors
A Na0 that are in shear. PROFIS Engineering defines the eccentricity of the shear load in
…………………………………………………. where parameter “e c2,N”.
тuncr
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d
1100
1
ψec,Na = (17.4.5.3)
e´N
1+
cNa
PROFIS Engineering calculates “ψec,Na” for both directions.
1 1
ψec1,Na = ψec2,Na =
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two orthogonal axes, the modification factor, e c1,N e c2,N
ψec,Na , shall be calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,Na 1+ 1+
in Eq. (17.4.5.1b). cNa cNa
For this example, the value for “ψec,Na” used in Eq. (17.4.5.1b) equals the product of
ψec1,Na and ψec2,Na: ψec,Na = (ψec1,Na)(ψec2,Na).


ψec1,Na Reference the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
information on:
ψec,Na: Modification factor for shear eccentricity
information on:

ψec2,Na 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, ………………… Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall not exceed: Concrete pryout strength for a group of anchors in shear (Vcpg) is calculated per
Eq. (17.5.3.1b). The parameter “N cpg” in this equation corresponds to the nominal
(b) For a group of anchors bond strength (Nag), calculated per Eq. (17.4.5.1b), but with respect to concrete
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b) pryout failure. The parameter “ψec,Na” in Eq. (17.4.5.1b) is a modification factor that
accounts for a resultant shear load that is eccentric with respect to the centroid of
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncpg shall be taken as Ncbg determined from Eq. the anchors that are loaded in shear. ψec,Na is only considered for an anchor group
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, Ncpg shall be the lesser of Nag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b) loaded in shear when calculating Vcpg.
When shear load acting on a group of anchors is eccentric with respect to the y
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension ……………………… Nag of a group of anchors, shall this parameter “ψec2,Na”. PROFIS Engineering designates the eccentricity
not exceed: parameter e´N in Eq. (17.4.5.3) “e c2,N” to likewise indicate that the software is
considering eccentricity with respect to the y direction. If the resultant shear load
…………………………………………………… acting on the anchorage is eccentric with respect to both the x and y directions;
PROFIS Engineering calculates “ψec,N” for both directions.
a) For a group of adhesive anchors
A Na eccentricity when calculating Vcpg. The resultant shear load (Vres) is eccentric in
A Na0 both the x direction and y direction with respect to the centroid of the anchors
…………………………………………………. where the x-direction as the parameter “e c1,N” and eccentricity in the y-direction as the
тuncr parameter “e c2,N”.
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d
1100
1
ψec,Na = (17.4.5.3)
e´N
1+
cNa
If the loading on an adhesive anchor group is such that only some adhesive anchors are in PROFIS Engineering calculates “ψec,Na” for both directions.
eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.5.3) and for the calculation of Nag according to Eq. (17.4.5.1b). 1 1
ψec1,Na = ψec2,Na =
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two orthogonal axes, the modification factor, e c1,N e c2,N
1+ 1+
ψec,Na , shall be calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,Na cNa cNa
in Eq. (17.4.5.1b).
For this example, the value for “ψec,Na” used in Eq. (17.4.5.1b) equals the product of
ψec1,Na and ψec2,Na: ψec,Na = (ψec1,Na)(ψec2,Na).


ψec2,Na Reference the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
information on:
ψec,Na: Modification factor for shear eccentricity
information on:

Calculations ψcp,Na
ψcp,Na 17.4.5.5 The modification factor for adhesive anchors designed for uncracked concrete in When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg),
accordance with 17.4.5.2 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,Na , shall be the parameter ψcp,Na is a modification factor that considers splitting failure for
calculated as: an adhesive anchor. Since ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions do not
If ca,min ≥ cac, then ψcp,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.5a) specifically consider concrete splitting as a failure mode, splitting is addressed
through the ψcp,Na modification factor. The parameter ψcp,Na is only considered
when designing adhesive anchors installed in uncracked concrete.
ca,min
cac
but ψcp,Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.5b) shall not be taken less than cNa /c ac, where the critical levels”. The parameter c ac that is used to calculate ψcp,Na is defined in ACI 318 as
distance c ac is defined in 17.7.6. For all other cases, ψcp,Na shall be taken as 1.0. the “critical edge distance required to develop the basic strength as controlled
17.4.5.1…………………………………………………………… concrete without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting.” ψcp,Na does
тuncr not need to be calculated if the smallest fixed edge distance (c a,min) is greater than
cNa = 10da 17.4.5.1d or equal to c ac, or if cracked concrete conditions are assumed. Testing per the
1100
to derive c ac values for adhesive anchor systems. c ac values derived from this
and the constant 1100 carries the unit of lb/in2. testing are provided in an ICC-ESR. ACI 318-14 Section 17.7.6 provides a cac -value
17.4.2.6 For anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no for adhesive anchors; however, this value is only intended to be used as a “guide
cracking at service load levels…………….. value” in the absence of a c ac -value derived from product-specific testing. PROFIS
Engineering uses the c ac -value that is given in the ICC-ES evaluation report for an
17.7.6 Unless determined from tension tests in accordance with ……………..ACI 355.4, the critical adhesive anchor to calculate ψcp,Na .
The value for ψcp,Na that PROFIS Engineering calculates will be limited to
Adhesive anchors, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2h ef
MAXIMUM { c a,min/c ac : c Na /c ac}
Example of critical edge distance requirements given in an adhesive anchor approval. Reference and c Na is the adhesive anchor edge distance parameter calculated per Eq.
ICC-ESR-3187 Section 4.1.10.2. (17.4.5.1d) for the adhesive anchor being modeled.
The critical edge distance cac must be calculated according to Eq. 17.4.5.5c for ACI 318-14 or Eq. It is important to understand that “ψcp,Na” calculated for bond failure in tension is
D-27a for ACI 318-11, in lieu of ACI 318-14 17.7.6 or ACI 318-11 D.8.6 as applicable. not necessarily the same as “ψcp,Na” calculated for concrete pryout failure in shear
0.4 anchors in shear.
тk,uncr h
cac = hef ⁎ 3.1–0.7
1160 hef Reference the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
information on ψcp,Na .
being modeled

Calculations Nba
Nba 17.4.5.2 The basic bond strength of a single adhesive anchor in tension in cracked concrete, N ba , The parameter N ba corresponds to a calculated bond strength for a single
Nba = λa тcr πda hef (17.4.5.2) product (тcr or т uncr), and the anchor element geometry (πda and h ef), where d a
to the effective embedment depth that has been input into PROFIS Engineering
The characteristic bond stress тcr shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests for the selected anchor element. Equation (17.4.5.2) also includes a modification
performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.4. factor for lightweight concrete (λa).
Where analysis indicates cracking at service load levels, adhesive anchors shall be shown PROFIS Engineering defaults to a design assumption that cracked concrete
compliance for use in cracked concrete in accordance with ACI 355.4. conditions exist. If cracked concrete conditions are assumed, PROFIS
Engineering uses the characteristic bond stress for cracked concrete (тcr) to
For adhesive anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no calculate N ba . If uncracked concrete conditions are assumed, PROFIS Engineering
cracking at service load levels, тuncr shall be permitted to be used in place of тcr in Eq. (17.4.5.2) uses the characteristic bond stress for uncracked concrete (т uncr) to calculate N ba .
and shall be taken as the 5 percent fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according
to ACI 355.4. PROFIS Engineering uses the characteristic bond stress values derived from
testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard ACI
Example: 355.4 to calculate N ba . Values are provided in an ICC-ESR and are designated
“тk,cr”, corresponding to the characteristic bond stress in cracked concrete, and
Example of a table in an ICC-ESR showing characteristic bond stress values that can be used to “тk,uncr”, corresponding to the characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete.
calculate N ba . PROFIS Engineering uses the тk,cr and тk,uncr values given in the ICC-ES evaluation
report for the adhesive anchor that has been selected to calculate N ba . Although
noted in the ICC-ESR as a “strength”, тk,cr and тk,uncr are stress parameters having
Nominal Rod Diameter (in). units of psi. The parameter “α N,seis” is a seismic reduction factor derived from
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 testing per AC308/ACI 354, and is also given in the anchor ICC-ESR. The PROFIS
in 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 5 Engineering report includes α N,seis as a parameter used to calculate N ba .
(mm) 60 70 79 89 89 102 127 Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
in 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/5 20 25 information on the following parameters:
(mm) (191) (254) (318) (381) (445) (508) (635) λa: Lightweight concrete modification factor
Temperature
т k,cr
Range A 2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.2) (7.8) (8.1) (8.7) (8.9) (9.1) (9.5) α N,seis: Seismic modification factor
Characteristic bond strength psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 da: Anchor element diameter
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) h ef:
Characteristic bond strength psi 1045 1135 1170 1260 1290 1325 1380 modeled
Temperature
т k,cr
Range B2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (7.20) (7.80) (8.00) (8.67) (9.00) (9.00) (9.50)
Characteristic bond strength psi 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 2220 information on the parameter N ba .
(Mpa) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3) (15.3)
Temperature
т k,cr
Range C2
in cracked concrete
(Mpa) (5.9) (6.4) (6.6) (7.1) (7.3) (7.5) (7.8)
(Mpa) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6) (12.6)

Results Vcp
Vcp 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, Vcp for a single anchor …….. shall not exceed: When designing adhesive anchors, ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.3.1 defines the
nominal pryout strength for a single anchor (Vcp) as the product of kcp and the
(a) For a single anchor smaller of (N cb) and the nominal bond strength for a single anchor (N a).
Vcp = kcp Ncp (17.5.3.1a) The bond strength parameter (N a) for pryout failure in shear is calculated per
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.1a), but predicated on the number of anchors subjected
to shear load, which may be different than the number of anchors subjected
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncp shall be taken as Ncb determined from Eq. to tension load. Note that (17.5.3.1a) denotes the “concrete pryout strength”
(17.4.2.1a), and for adhesive anchors, Ncp shall be the lesser of Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1a) parameter “N cp” to distinguish it from the bond strength parameter “N a”.
and N cb determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1a) For the example illustrated below, a single anchor is subjected to only a shear
……………………………………………………… load. No tension load acts on the anchor; therefore, nominal bond strength in
tension (Na) is not calculated, but a pryout parameter “N cp” corresponding to N a
calculated per Eq. (17.4.5.1a) is calculated.
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, Ncb of a single anchor …….. shall not adhesive anchor systems
exceed:
No tension load applied: Ncb = 0.
(a) For a single anchor Shear load applied, so calculate concrete pryout (kcp N cp).
A Nc adhesive anchor system: Vcp = kcp MIN {Ncb ; Na}.
A Nc0
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension, N a of a single adhesive anchor …….. shall not
exceed:
A Na
A Na0
on:
N ba: Basic concrete breakout strength in tension

Results Vcpg
Vcpg 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, ………………… Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall not exceed: Concrete pryout is a shear failure mode that is calculated for cast-in-place
anchors and post-installed anchors. When designing adhesive anchors, ACI 318-
(b) For a group of anchors 14 Section 17.5.3.1 defines the nominal pryout strength for a group of anchors
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b) (Vcpg) as the product of the coefficient for pryout strength (kcp) and the smaller of
(Ncbg) and the nominal bond strength for a group of anchors (N ag).
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncpg shall be taken as Ncbg determined from Eq. The bond strength parameter (N ag) for pryout failure in shear is calculated per
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, Ncpg shall be the lesser of Nag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b) ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.1b), but predicated on the number of anchors subjected
and N cbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b) to shear load, which may be different than the number of anchors subjected
…………………………………………………… to tension load. Note that (17.5.3.1b) denotes the “concrete pryout strength”
parameter “N cpg” to distinguish it from the bond strength parameter “N ag”.
For the example illustrated below, four anchors are subjected to a tension load,
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, ………….Ncbg of a group of anchors, but all six anchors are subjected to a shear load. A nominal concrete breakout
shall not exceed: strength (N cbg) and a nominal bond strength (Nag) are calculated for anchors
1,2,3 and 4; but a pryout parameter “N cpg” corresponding to the smaller of Ncbg
…………………………………………. calculated per Eq. (17.4.2.1b), and Nag calculated per Eq. (17.4.5.1b), is calculated
(b) For a group of anchors for anchors 1,2,3,4,5 and 6.
A Nc
A Nc0
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension………… N ag of a group of adhesive anchors, shall not
exceed
……………………………………………
A Na
A Na0
Summary of ACI 318-14 pryout calculations for adhesive anchors.

adhesive anchor system: Vcpg = kcp MIN {Ncbg ; Nag}.
on:

information on:
N ba: Basic concrete breakout strength in tension

Results ϕconcrete
ϕconcrete 17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for concrete pryout failure in tension
combinations of 5.3 are used: require calculation of a nominal concrete pryout strength (Vcp or Vcpg). The nominal
strength is multiplied by a strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) to obtain a design
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… strength (ϕVcp or ϕVcpg).
(c) (c) Anchor governed by concrete breakout, side-face blowout, pullout, or pryout strength PROFIS Engineering designates the ϕ-factor corresponding to concrete
breakout failure “ϕconcrete”. Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be shown
Condition A Condition B compliance under the International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES
acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4.
(i) Shear loads 0.75 0.70 ϕ-factors derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as given in the ICC-ESR for
…………………………………………………………………………………… the anchor correspond to “Condition B” as defined in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3.
“Condition A” is not considered for pryout calculations. If Condition A is selected
as a design parameter, PROFIS Engineering uses the Condition B ϕ-factor to
Condition A applies where supplementary reinforcement is present except for pullout and pryout calculate the design concrete pryout strength.
strengths.
Condition B applies where supplementary reinforcement is not present and for pullout and pryout information on the following parameters:
strengths. Vcp or Vcpg: Nominal concrete pryout strength
ϕVcp or ϕVcpg: Design concrete pryout strength
Example:
corresponding to concrete breakout failure in shear.

DESIGN
Symbol Units
INFORMATION 3/8 or 1/2 or 5/8 or 3/4 or 7/8or 1 or 1/4 or
#9
#3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #10
Strength reduction
factor for shear,
ϕ - 0.70
concrete failure
modes, Condition B

Results ϕseismic
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the provisions for non-steel failure modes in tension require calculation of a nominal
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: strength (N N). The nominal strength is multiplied by two strength reduction factors
(ϕ-factors): one ϕ-factor for the failure mode being considered, e.g. concrete
(a) ϕN sa for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of breakout failure or bond failure; and one ϕ-factor for seismic tension load
anchors conditions. The resulting design strength includes a seismic reduction factor of
[ϕN sa corresponds to steel failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] 0.75:
(b) 0
.75ϕN cb or 0.75ϕNcbg except that Ncb or Ncbg need not be calculated where anchor seismic design strength for non-steel failure modes = (0.75ϕN N).
[ϕNcb or ϕNcbg correspond to concrete breakout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 seismic tension reduction factor noted
in ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 “ϕ seismic”. This reduction is only considered with
(c) 0
.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of respect to non-steel tension failure modes when calculating tension design
anchors strengths for both cast-in-place and post-installed anchors subjected to seismic
[ϕN pn corresponds to pullout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] tension loads.
(d) 0.75ϕN sb or 0.75ϕN sbg When designing an anchorage for seismic shear load conditions, ACI 318-14
[ϕN sb or ϕN sbg correspond to side-face blowout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] strength design provisions for concrete pryout failure in shear require calculation
(e) 0.75ϕN a or 0.75ϕNag of a nominal concrete pryout strength (Vcp or Vcpg) that is only multiplied by one
[ϕNa or ϕNag correspond to bond failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] ϕ-factor to obtain a shear design strength (ϕVcp or ϕVcpg). PROFIS Engineering
designates this ϕ-factor “ϕconcrete”. The 0.75 seismic strength reduction factor
where ϕ is in accordance with 17.3.3. (ϕ seismic) required per Section 17.2.3.4.4 is only relevant to tension calculations,
and is therefore not applied to Vcp or Vcpg when the anchorage is being designed
17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load for seismic shear load conditions. The PROFIS Engineering report always shows
combinations of 5.3 are used: ϕ seismic equal to 1.0 for shear concrete pryout calculations when seismic shear
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… load conditions are being modeled.
When calculating the design concrete pryout strength in shear for adhesive
(c) Anchor governed by concrete breakout, side-face blowout, pullout, or pryout strength anchors, the parameter “ϕconcrete” in the PROFIS Engineering report corresponds
to the “Condition B” ϕ-factor for shear given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor.
Per ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3, Condition A is not considered for pryout strength
(i) Shear loads 0.75 0.70
calculations.
Condition A applies where supplementary reinforcement is present except for pullout and pryout information on the following parameters:
strengths. Vcp or Vcpg: Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear
Condition B applies where supplementary reinforcement is not present, and for pullout and pryout ϕVcp or ϕVcpg: Design concrete pryout strength in shear
strengths ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for shear concrete pryout failure
PROFIS Engineering calculations for concrete pryout failure in shear when seismic load conditions
are being modeled:
single anchor: design concrete pryout strength = ϕconcrete Vcp
anchor group: design concrete pryout strength = ϕconcrete Vcpg

provisions for non-steel failure modes in tension require calculation of a nominal
17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined strength (N N). The nominal strength is multiplied by two strength reduction factors
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the (ϕ-factors): one ϕ-factor for the failure mode being considered, e.g. concrete
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: breakout failure or bond failure; and one ϕ-factor for seismic tension load
(a) ϕ
N sa for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of conditions. The resulting design strength includes a seismic reduction factor of
anchors 0.75:
(b) 0
.75ϕN cb or 0.75ϕNcbg except that Ncb or N cbg need not be calculated where anchor seismic design strength for non-steel failure modes = (0.75ϕN N).
reinforcement satisfying 17.4.2.9 is provided PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 seismic tension reduction factor noted
(c) 0
.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of in ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 “ϕ seismic”. This reduction is only considered with
anchors respect to non-steel tension failure modes when calculating tension design
strengths for both cast-in-place and post-installed anchors subjected to seismic
(d) 0.75ϕN sb or 0.75ϕNsbg tension loads.
(e) 0.75ϕN a or 0.75ϕNag When designing an anchorage for seismic shear load conditions, ACI 318-14
strength design provisions for concrete pryout failure in shear require calculation
of a nominal concrete pryout strength (Vcp or Vcpg) that is only multiplied by one
where ϕ is in accordance with 17.3.3. ϕ-factor to obtain a shear design strength (ϕVcp or ϕVcpg). PROFIS Engineering
(ϕ seismic) required per Section 17.2.3.4.4 is only relevant to tension calculations,
ACI 318-08 Part D.3.3.6 for seismic shear load conditions.

Results ϕVcp
Table 17.3.1.1 Vcp: Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear

Concrete Pryout Strength in Shear ϕ Vcp ≥ Vua ϕVcp: Design concrete pryout strength in shear
ϕVcp ≥ Vua: Design check for pryout
Vcp: Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear
Results ϕVcpg
Table 17.3.1.1 Vcpg: Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear

Failure Mode Anchors as a Group ϕVcpg: Design concrete pryout strength in shear
Concrete Pryout Strength in Shear ϕ Vcpg ≥ Vua ϕVcpg ≥ Vua: Design check for pryout
Vcpg: Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear
ϕ seismic: strength reduction factor for seismic shear

Results Vua
Vua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for concrete pryout failure in shear require
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to calculation of a nominal concrete pryout strength (Vcp or Vcpg). The nominal strength is
sustained tensile loading. multiplied by a strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) to obtain a design strength
(ϕVcp or ϕVcpg). Design strength is checked against a factored shear load, defined by
Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the shear failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 anchoring- the parameter “Vua”. Chapter 2 in ACI 318-14 gives the following definitions for the
to-concrete provisions factored shear load parameter “Vua”.
• Vua = f actored shear force applied to a single anchor or group of anchors (lb)
• Vua,i = factored shear force applied to most highly stressed anchor in a group of
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 anchors (lb)
• Vua,g = total factored shear force applied to anchor group (lb)
Anchor Group
Failure Mode Single Anchor The design concrete pryout strength for a single anchor in shear (ϕVcp) calculated
Anchors as a group per Section 17.5.3 is checked against the factored shear load acting on the anchor,
a Group
which is designated “Vua” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕVcp ≥ Vua , the provisions for considering
Steel strength in shear (17.5.1) ϕVsa ≥ Vua ϕVsa ≥ Vua,i concrete pryout failure in shear have been satisfied per Table 17.3.1.1.
Concrete breakout strength in shear The design concrete pryout strength for a group of anchors in shear (ϕVcpg) calculated
(17.5.2)
per Section 17.5.3 is checked against the total factored shear load acting on the
Concrete pryout strength in shear anchors that are in shear, which is designated “Vua,g” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕVcpg ≥ Vua,g ,
ϕVcp ≥ Vua ϕVcpg ≥ Vua,g
(17.5.3)
the provisions for considering concrete pryout failure in shear have been satisfied per
Table 17.3.1.1.
The PROFIS Engineering report uses the generic designation “Vua” to define the
factored shear load being checked against the calculated design concrete pryout
strength ϕVcp or ϕVcpg. The PROFIS Engineering Load Engine permits users to input
for inputting shear loads. The software only performs shear load checks per Table
17.3.1.1 if shear loads have been input via one of the load input functionalities.

parameter ϕVcp, and checks this value against either (a) the factored shear load acting
on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input via the Load Engine,
(b) the factored shear load acting on the anchor, which has been calculated using the
loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the factored shear load acting on the anchor,
which has been calculated using the loads input in the matrix on the main screen. The
value for Vua shown in the report corresponds to the factored shear load determined to
be acting on the anchor.
If a group of anchors in shear is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates the

parameter ϕVcpg, and checks this value against either (a) the total factored shear load
acting on the anchor group, which has been calculated using the loads input via the
Load Engine, (b) the total factored shear load acting on the anchor group, which has
been calculated using the loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the total factored
shear load acting on the anchor group, which has been calculated using the loads input
in the matrix on the main screen. The value for Vua shown in the report corresponds to
the total factored shear load determined to be acting on the anchor group.
Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more information
on the following parameters:
Vcp: nominal shear concrete pryout strength for a single anchor
Vcpg: nominal shear concrete pryout strength an anchor group
ϕconcrete: strength reduction factor for concrete failure modes
ϕ seismic: strength reduction factor for seismic loads
ϕnonductile: strength reduction factor for non-ductile failure modes

PART 4 SHEAR LOAD Pryout Failure Mode (Concrete Breakout)
Equation Vcp
17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, Vcp for a single anchor …….. shall not exceed: Concrete pryout is a shear failure mode that is calculated for cast-in-place
A Na anchors and post-installed anchors. When designing cast-in-place anchors
Vcp = kcp ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N Nb (a) For a single anchor
A Nc0 and post-installed mechanical anchors, ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.3.1 defines the
Vcp = kcp Ncp (17.5.3.1a) nominal pryout strength for a single anchor (Vcp) as the product of the coefficient
for pryout strength (kcp) and the nominal concrete breakout strength in tension
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncp shall be taken as Ncb determined from Eq. for a single anchor (N cb). ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.3.1 defines the nominal pryout
(17.4.2.1a), and for adhesive anchors, Ncp shall be the lesser of Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1a) strength for a single adhesive anchor (Vcp) as the product of kcp and the smaller of
and N cb determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1a) (N cb) and the nominal bond strength for a single anchor (N a).
……………………………………………………… The concrete breakout strength parameter (Ncb) for pryout failure in shear is
calculated per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.2.1a), but predicated on the number of anchors
subjected to shear load, which may be different than the number of anchors
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, Ncb of a single anchor …….. shall not subjected to tension load. Note that (17.5.3.1a) denotes the “concrete pryout
exceed: strength” parameter “N cp” to distinguish it from the tension concrete breakout
(a) For a single anchor strength parameter “N cb ”.
For the example illustrated below, a single anchor is subjected to only a shear
A Nc load. No tension load acts on the anchor; therefore, nominal concrete breakout in
A Nc0 tension (Ncb) is not calculated, but a pryout parameter “N cp” corresponding to N cb
calculated per Eq. (17.4.2.1a) is calculated.
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension, Na of a single adhesive anchor …….. shall not
cast-in anchors and mechanical anchors
exceed:
(a) For a single adhesive anchor Shear load applied, so calculate concrete pryout (kcp N cp).
cast in anchor: Vcp = kcp N cb
A Na mechanical anchor: Vcp = kcp Ncb
A Na0

Equation Vcp (continued)


A Na No tension load applied: Ncb = 0.
Vcp = kcp ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N Nb
A Nc0 Shear load applied, so calculate concrete pryout (kcp N cp).
on:
A Nc: Area of influence for anchors in tension
N b: Basic concrete breakout strength in tension

Equation Vcpg
17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, ………………… Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall not exceed: Concrete pryout is a shear failure mode that is calculated for cast-in-place
A Na anchors and post-installed anchors. When designing cast-in-place anchors
Vcpg = kcp ψec,N ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N Nb (b) For a group of anchors
A Nc0 and post-installed mechanical anchors, ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.3.1 defines
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b) the nominal pryout strength for a group of anchors (Vcpg) as the product of the
coefficient for pryout strength (kcp) and the nominal concrete breakout strength
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, N cpg shall be taken as N cbg determined from Eq. in tension for a group of anchors (N cbg). ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.3.1 defines the
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, N cpg shall be the lesser of N ag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b) nominal pryout strength for a group of adhesive anchors (Vcpg) as the product of
and N cbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b) kcp and the smaller of (N cbg) and the nominal bond strength for a group of anchors
(Nag).
……………………………………………………
The concrete breakout strength parameter (N cbg) for pryout failure in shear is
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, ………….Ncbg of a group of anchors, calculated per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.2.1b), but predicated on the number of anchors
shall not exceed: subjected to shear load, which may be different than the number of anchors
…………………………………………. subjected to tension load. Note that (17.5.3.1b) denotes the “concrete pryout
strength” parameter “Ncpg” to distinguish it from the tension concrete breakout
(b) For a group of anchors strength parameter “N cbg”.
For the example illustrated below, four anchors are subjected to a tension load,
A Nc but all six anchors are subjected to a shear load. Therefore, nominal concrete
A Nc0 breakout in tension (N cbg) is calculated for anchors 1,2,3 and 4; but a pryout
parameter “N cpg” corresponding to N cbg calculated per Eq. (17.4.2.1b) is calculated
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension………… N ag of a group of adhesive anchors, shall for anchors 1,2,3,4,5 and 6.
not exceed
……………………………………………

A Na
A Na0
Summary of ACI 318-14 pryout calculations.
cast in anchor: V
cpg = kcp N cbg
mechanical anchor: Vcpg = kcp N cbg
adhesive anchor system: Vcpg = kcp MIN {N cbg ; N ag}.

Equation Vcpg (continued)

A Na
Vcpg = kcp ψec,N ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N Nb
A Nc0
on:

information on:

Equation ϕcp
ϕcp ≥ Vua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for shear check a calculated design
Table 17.3.1.1 Vcp: Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear
Failure Mode Single Anchor ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for concrete failure
Concrete Pryout Strength in Shear ϕ Vcp ≥ Vua ϕ seismic: Strength reduction factor for seismic shear
ϕVcp: Design concrete pryout strength in shear
Equation ϕcpg
ϕcpg ≥ Vua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for shear check a calculated design
Table 17.3.1.1 Vcpg: Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear
Failure Mode Anchors as a Group ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for concrete failure
Concrete Pryout Strength in Shear ϕ Vcpg ≥ Vua ϕ seismic: Strength reduction factor for seismic shear
ϕVcpg: Design concrete pryout strength in shear

Equation ANc
A Nc 17.4.2.1 …….. A Nc is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor or group of anchors that When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
shall be approximated as the base of the rectilinear geometrical figure that results from projecting parameter A Nc is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence
the failure surface outward 1.5h ef from the centerlines of the anchor, or in the case of a group of assumed to develop in concrete when a shear load applied to a single anchor
anchors, from a line through a row of adjacent anchors…….. or a group of anchors creates a prying (i.e. tension) action on the anchor(s). A Nc
is calculated with the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have been input
into the PROFIS Engineering model. The geometry for A Nc is defined by projected
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, N cb of a single anchor or N cbg of a distances from the anchors that are in shear. The maximum projected distance
group of anchors, shall not exceed: from an anchor that is considered when calculating A Nc is limited to 1.5h ef, where
h ef is the effective embedment depth of the anchor. Therefore, the maximum edge
(a) For a single anchor distance parameter used to calculate A Nc equals 1.5h ef and the maximum spacing
parameter used to calculate A Nc equals 3.0h ef.
A Nc
A Nc0 The figure below illustrates how A Nc is calculated for pryout when a shear load
and spacing parameters equal to s1 and s 2 . Note that the maximum edge distance
(b) For a group of anchors parameter used to calculate A Nc equals 1.5h ef. Anchors spaced greater than 3.0h ef
from one another would not be considered to act as a group with respect to that
spacing.
A Nc
A Nc0
………………………………………………………
A Nc = (c a1 + s1 + 1.5h ef) (c a2 + s 2 + 1.5h ef)

where: c a1 and c a2 are ≤ 1.5h ef
s1 and s 2 are ≤ 3.0h ef
It is important to understand that “A Nc” calculated for concrete breakout failure

in tension is not necessarily the same as “A Nc” calculated for concrete pryout
failure in shear since the number of anchors in tension may not be the same as the
number of anchors in shear.
information on h ef.
information on A Nc.

Equation ANc0
A Nc0 = 9hef 2
17.4.2.1 …….. A Nc0 is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor with an edge distance When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
greater than 1.5h ef . parameter A Nc0 is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence
A Nc0 = 9hef2 (17.4.2.1c) without the influence of any fixed edges creates a prying (i.e. tension) action on
the anchor. A Nc0 is calculated with the effective embedment depth of the anchor
(h ef) input into the PROFIS Engineering model. The geometry for A Nc0 is defined by
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, N cb of a single anchor or N cbg of a a projected distance of 1.5h ef from the anchor in the x and y directions.
group of anchors, shall not exceed:
The figure below illustrates how A Nc0 is calculated.
A Nc
A Nc0
A Nc
A Nc0
ANc0 = (1.5h ef + 1.5h ef) (1.5h ef + 1.5h ef)

= (9.0h ef) 2

Equation ψec,N
17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, ………………… Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall not exceed: Concrete pryout strength for a group of anchors in shear (Vcpg) is calculated per
1
ψec,Na = (b) For a group of anchors Eq. (17.5.3.1b). The parameter “N cpg” in this equation corresponds to the nominal
e´N concrete breakout strength (N cbg), calculated per Eq. (17.4.2.1b), but with respect
1+ to concrete pryout failure. It is important to understand that “N cbg” calculated
cNa Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b)
for concrete breakout failure in tension is not necessarily the same as “N cbg”
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, N cpg shall be taken as N cbg determined from Eq. calculated for concrete pryout failure in shear. Reasons for this can include:
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, N cpg shall be the lesser of N ag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b) • T he number of anchors in tension is not the same as the number of anchors
and N cbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b) in shear
…………………………………………………… • T he tension load may be eccentric with the anchors in tension but the shear
load may not be eccentric with the anchors in shear
• T he shear load may be eccentric with the anchors in shear but the tension
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension…….. N cbg of a group of anchors, shall load may not be eccentric with the anchors in tension
not exceed: • Tension and shear eccentricities are not necessarily equal
……………………………………… When considering concrete pryout failure, the parameter “ψec,N” in Eq. (17.4.2.1b)
(b) For a group of anchors is a modification factor that accounts for shear load eccentricity. Therefore, when
calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear using Eq. (17.4.2.1b), the
A Nc parameter ψec,N accounts for a resultant shear load that is eccentric with respect
A Nc0 to the centroid of the anchors that are loaded in shear. ψec,N is only considered for
an anchor group loaded in shear when calculating the nominal concrete pryout
strength (Vcpg).
17.4.2.4 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψ ec,N shall be The illustration below shows how PROFIS Engineering considers shear
calculated as eccentricity when calculating Vcpg. The resultant shear load (Vres) is eccentric in
1 that are in shear. PROFIS Engineering defines the eccentricity of the shear load in
ψec,N = ≤ 1.0 (17.4.5.4)
2e´N
1+ parameter “e c2,N”.
3hef
but ψ ec,N shall not be taken greater than 1.0. If the loading on an anchor group is such that only
determining the eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.2.4) and for the calculation of N cbg according to
Eq. (17.4.2.1b).
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two axes, the modification factor, ψ ec,N , shall
be calculated for each axis individually and the product of these factors used as ψec,N in Eq.
(17.4.2.1b).

Equation ψec,N (continued)

If shear eccentricity exists in more than one direction, PROFIS Engineering

1
ψec,Na = calculates a ψ-modification factor for each direction using Eq. (17.4.2.4). PROFIS
e´N Engineering designates the ψ-modification factor for eccentricity in the x-direction
1+ “ψec1,N”, and the ψ-modification factor for eccentricity in the y-direction “ψec2,N”.
cNa
Per Section 17.4.2.4, PROFIS Engineering uses the product of these modification
factors in Eq. (17.4.2.1b) to calculate the pryout parameter (Ncpg) per Eq. (17.5.3.1b)
when shear eccentricity exists in both the x and y directions.
h ef: Parameter for anchor effective embedment depth
ψec1,N: Modification factor for shear eccentricity with respect to the x direction
ψec2,N: Modification factor for shear eccentricity with respect to the y direction

Equation ψed,N
17.4.2.5 The modification factor for edge effects for single anchors or anchor groups loaded in When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
ca,min
ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 ≤ 1.0 tension, ψ ed,N , shall be calculated as parameter ψed,N is a modification factor that accounts for fixed edge distances
cNa less than 1.5h ef, where h ef corresponds to the effective embedment depth that
has been selected for the anchor being modeled in PROFIS Engineering. The
If ca,min ≥ 1.5hef, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.2.5a) illustration below shows how the assumed area of influence with respect to pryout
(A Nc) would be defined for an anchoring application being modeled with two fixed
ca,min edges (c a1 and c a2) that are both less than 1.5h ef, and with c a1 being less than c a2 .
If ca,min < 1.5hef, then ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 (17.4.2.5b) The smallest edge distance (c a1) corresponds to the parameter c a,min , and would
1.5hef be used to calculate the modification factor ψed,N .
ψed,N = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a1 / 1.5h ef)
It is important to understand that “ψed,N” calculated for concrete breakout failure

in tension is not necessarily the same as “ψed,N” calculated for concrete pryout
information on ψed,N when calculating concrete pryout strength.

Equation ψcp,N
17.4.2.7 The modification factor for post-installed anchors designed for uncracked concrete in When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg),
ca,min 1.5hef
ψcp,N = MAX , ≤1.0 accordance with 17.4.2.6 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,N , shall be the parameter ψcp,N is a modification factor that considers splitting failure for a
cac cac calculated as follows using the critical distance c ac as defined in 17.7.6 post-installed anchor. Since ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions do not
specifically consider concrete splitting as a failure mode, splitting is addressed
If ca,min ≥ 1.5cac, then ψcp,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.7a) through the ψcp,N modification factor. The parameter ψcp,N is only considered when
designing post-installed mechanical or adhesive anchors installed in uncracked
ca,min concrete. Splitting failure will typically not occur for cast-in-place anchors;
If ca,min < cac, then ψcp,N = (17.4.2.7b) therefore, the parameter ψcp,N is not considered in PROFIS Engineering when
cac modeling cast-in-place anchors.
but ψ cp,N determined from Eq. (17.4.2.7b) shall not be taken less than 1.5h ef /c ac, where the critical Splitting failure is influenced by the distance of an anchor from a fixed edge “in a
distance c ac is defined in 17.7.6. region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no cracking at service load
For all other cases, including cast-in anchors, ψ cp,N shall be taken as 1.0.
17.4.2.6 For anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no by concrete breakout or bond of a post-installed anchor in tension in uncracked
cracking at service load levels…………….. concrete without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting.” ψcp,N does
not need to be calculated if the smallest fixed edge distance (c a,min) is greater than
17.7.6 Unless determined from tension tests in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4, the critical or equal to c ac, or if cracked concrete conditions are assumed. Testing per the
edge distance cac shall not be taken less than: ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193 and the ACI test standard ACI 355.2 is used
to derive c ac values for mechanical anchors. Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance
Adhesive anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2h ef
Undercut anchors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5h ef adhesive anchor systems. c ac values derived from this testing are provided in an
Torque-controlled expansion anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4h ef ICC-ESR. ACI 318-14 Section 17.7.6 provides c ac -values for post-installed anchors;
however, these values are only intended to be used as “guide values” in the
Displacement-controlled expansion anchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4h ef
absence of c ac values derived from product-specific testing. PROFIS Engineering
uses the c ac -value that is given in the ICC-ES evaluation report for an anchor to
calculate ψcp,N .
The value for ψcp,N that PROFIS Engineering calculates will be limited to
MAXIMUM { c a,min/c ac : 1.5h ef/c ac}
and h ef is the effective embedment depth that has been selected for the anchor
being modeled.
It is important to understand that “ψcp,N” calculated for concrete breakout failure

in tension is not necessarily the same as “ψcp,N” calculated for concrete pryout
h ef:
modeled

Equation Nb
Nba = kc λa f´c hef 1.5 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, Vcp for a single anchor or Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
not exceed: parameter “N b ” corresponds to the “basic concrete breakout strength in tension”
that is used to calculate a concrete breakout strength (N cb or Ncbg).
Vcp = kcp Ncp (17.5.3.1a) The parameter N b corresponds to a calculated concrete breakout strength for
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, N cp shall be taken as N cb determined from Eq. “coefficient for the basic concrete breakout strength in tension” (kc) defaults
(17.4.2.1a), and for adhesive anchors, N cp shall be the lesser of N a determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1a) to a value of 24 for cast-in-place anchors, corresponding to cracked concrete
and N cb determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1a). conditions. PROFIS Engineering always uses a kc -value of 24 for cast-in-place
anchors installed at an effective embedment depth (h ef) less than 11 in. for both
(b) For a group of anchors cracked and uncracked concrete conditions. When designing cast-in-place
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b) anchors in uncracked concrete, the modification factor ψc,n can be increased from
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, N cpg shall be taken as N cbg determined from Eq. conditions).
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, N cpg shall be the lesser of N ag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b)
and N cbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b) The default kc -value noted for post-installed mechanical anchors and adhesive
…………………………………………………… that testing per the ACI test standards ACI 355.2 and ACI 355.4 can be used
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, N cb of a single anchor or N cbg of a the ACI standard ACI 355.2. kc values for adhesive anchor systems can be derived
group of anchors, shall not exceed: from testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI
a) For a single anchor concrete conditions; are relevant to the effective embedment depth range for
A Nc the anchor; and are provided in an ICC-ESR. PROFIS Engineering uses the
Ncb = ψed,Na ψc,N ψcp,N Nb (17.4.2.1a) kc -value that is given in the ICC-ES evaluation report for a post-installed anchor to
A Nc0 calculate N b.
a) For a group of anchors Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
A Nc
Ncbg = ψec,N ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N Nb (17.4.2.1b) kc: Coefficient for basic concrete breakout strength in tension
A Nc0
17.4.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension in cracked concrete, f´c: Concrete compressive strength
N b, shall not exceed
h ef:
Nba = kc λa f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a) modeled
………………………………………………………… ψc,N: Modification factor for cracked or uncracked concrete conditions
information on the parameter N b.
Alternatively, for cast-in headed studs and headed bolts with 11 in. ≤ h ef ≤ 25 in., N b shall not
exceed
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 (17.4.2.2b)

Equation Nb = 16λa
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, Vcp for a single anchor or Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
not exceed: parameter “N b ” corresponds to the “basic concrete breakout strength in tension”
(a) For a single anchor that is used to calculate a concrete breakout strength (N cb or Ncbg).
Vcp = kcp Ncp (17.5.3.1a) ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for concrete breakout strength in
tension require calculation of various modification factors corresponding to
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncp shall be taken as Ncb determined from Eq. area of influence (A Nc/A Nc0), eccentricity (ψec,N), edge distance (ψed,N), cracked or
(17.4.2.1a), and for adhesive anchors, Ncp shall be the lesser of Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1a) uncracked concrete (ψc,N), and splitting (ψcp,N); and then multiplying these factors
and N cb determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1a). by what is termed the “basic concrete breakout strength in tension” (N b) to obtain
(b) For a group of anchors a “nominal concrete breakout strength in tension” (N cb or Ncbg).
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b) The parameter N b corresponds to a calculated concrete breakout strength for a
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncpg shall be taken as Ncbg determined from Eq. for calculating N b is defined as Eq. (17.4.2.2a) in ACI 318-14. This equation is
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, Ncpg shall be the lesser of Nag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b) written as:
…………………………………………………… N b when designing cast-in-place headed studs and headed bolts installed at an
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, Ncb of a single anchor or Ncbg of a embedment depth within the range 11 in ≤ h ef ≤ 25 in. This case is defined in
group of anchors, shall not exceed: ACI 318-14 by Eq. (17.4.2.2b). The “coefficient for the basic concrete breakout
strength in tension” (kc) equals 16 in Eq. (17.4.2.2b), and the effective embedment
a) For a single anchor depth (h ef) is raised to the 5/3 power instead of being raised to the 1.5 power
A Nc per Eq. (17.4.2.2a). The provisions associated with use of Eq. (17.4.2.2b) are
Ncb = ψed,Na ψc,N ψcp,N Nb (17.4.2.1a) only relevant for cast-in-place headed studs and headed bolts installed at an
A Nc0 embedment depth within the range 11 in ≤ h ef ≤ 25 in.
kc = 16 corresponds to cracked concrete conditions. When designing cast-in-

a) For a group of anchors place anchors in uncracked concrete per Eq. (17.4.2.2b); the modification factor
ψc,n can be increased from a value of 1.0 (cracked concrete conditions) to a value
A Nc of 1.25 (uncracked concrete conditions).
A Nc0 PROFIS Engineering calculates N b per Eq. (17.4.2.2b) when cast-in-place
headed studs and headed bolts with an embedment depth 11 in ≤ hef ≤ 25 in
17.4.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension in cracked concrete, are being modeled. The commentary R17.4.2.2 notes that concrete breakout
N b, shall not exceed calculations for h ef > 25 in per Equation (17.4.2.2b) could be unconservative.
Nba = kc λa f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a) PROFIS Engineering calculations for concrete breakout strength in tension limit
the embedment depth for both cast-in-place and post-installed anchors to a
………………………………………………………… maximum value of 25 in.
exceed kc : Coefficient for basic concrete breakout strength in tension
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5/3
(17.4.2.2b)
h ef:
modeled

Variables kcp
kcp 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, Vcp for a single anchor or Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall The parameter “kcp” is defined in ACI 318-14 as the “coefficient for pryout
not exceed: strength”. The commentary R17.5.3.1 states:
(a) For a single anchor “………………………the pryout shear resistance
Vcp = kcp Ncp (17.5.3.1a) can be approximated as one to two times
the anchor tensile resistance with the lower
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncp shall be taken as Ncb determined from Eq. value appropriate for h ef less than 2.5 in.”
(17.4.2.1a), and for adhesive anchors, Ncp shall be the lesser of Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1a) PROFIS Engineering applies kcp per Section 17.5.3.1 for the cast-in anchors and
and N cb determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1a). post-installed anchors in its portfolio.
and N cbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b).
In Eq. (17.5.3.1a) and (17.5.3.1b), kcp = 1.0 for h ef < 2.5 in.; and kcp = 2.0 for h ef ≥ 2.5 in.
Variables hef
hef 17.4.2.1 …….. A Nc is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor or group of anchors that h ef is defined as the “effective embedment depth of an anchor”. This parameter
shall be approximated as the base of the rectilinear geometrical figure that results from projecting corresponds to the embedded portion of the anchor that is “effective” in
the failure surface outward 1.5h ef from the centerlines of the anchor, or in the case of a group of transferring tension load from the anchor into the concrete. Excerpted
anchors, from a line through a row of adjacent anchors…….. ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions that include h ef for calculating
concrete breakout strength in tension are shown to the left. These provisions
17.4.2.1 …….. A Nc0 is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor with an edge distance are also used to calculate concrete pryout strength in shear. It is important to
greater than 1.5h ef . understand that the calculated value for some of the parameters defined in these
provisions will be dependent on whether concrete breakout failure in tension is
A Nc0 = 9hef2 (17.4.2.1c) being considered or concrete pryout failure in shear is being considered since
the number of anchors in tension may be different from the number of anchors in
17.4.2.4 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,N shall be shear. However, the parameter h ef will not change when used in these provisions
calculated as to calculate either concrete breakout in tension or concrete pryout in shear.
1 For cast-in-place anchors, PROFIS Engineering permits users to input h ef values
ψec,N = (17.4.2.4) ranging between 4d anchor and 25”.
2e´N
1+
3hef cast-in-place headed studs
4d anchor ≤h ef ≤ 25”

Variables hef (continued)

hef 17.4.2.5 The modification factor for edge effects for single anchors or anchor groups loaded in cast-in-place headed bolts
tension, ψed,N , shall be calculated as 4d anchor ≤ h ef ≤ 25”
If ca,min ≥ 1.5hef, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.2.5a)
ca,min
1.5hef
17.4.2.7 The modification factor for post-installed anchors designed for uncracked concrete in
If ca,min ≥ 1.5cac, then ψcp,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.7a)
ca,min
If ca,min < cac, then ψcp,N = (17.4.2.7b) For post-installed mechanical anchors, PROFIS Engineering permits users to input
cac specific h ef values that are relative to a specific diameter as given in the ICC-ES
post-installed expansion anchor

distance c ac is defined in 17.7.6. (reference product approval for h ef)
17.4.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension in cracked concrete,
Nba = kc λa f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a)
11 in. ≤ h ef ≤ 25 in., N b, shall not exceed

Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 (17.4.2.2b) For post-installed adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering permits users to input
a range of h ef values that are relative to a specific diameter as given in the ICC-ES
h ef,min ≤ h ef ≤ h ef,max
(reference product approval for h ef,min and h ef,max)

Variables ec1,N
e c1,N 17.4.2.4 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,N shall be e c1,N is a PROFIS Engineering parameter to define pryout eccentricity with respect
calculated as to the x direction. The value for e c1,N corresponds the distance in the x direction of
a resultant shear load from the centroid of anchors that are loaded in shear. When
1 considering concrete pryout strength in shear, PROFIS Engineering uses ec1,N to
ψec,N = (17.4.2.4)
2e´N calculate the ACI 318 modification factor for eccentricity (ψec,N), and designates
1+ this modification factor ψec1,N to indicate eccentricity is being considered in the
3hef x direction. PROFIS Engineering pryout calculations for shear eccentricity with
respect to the x direction are as follows:
but ψec,N shall not be taken greater than 1.0. If the loading on an anchor group is such that only •C
alculate a resultant shear load acting on the anchors
some anchors are in tension, only those anchors that are in tension shall be considered when •C
alculate the distance in the x direction (e c1,N) between this load and the
determining the eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.2.4) and for the calculation of Ncbg according to centroid of the anchors loaded in shear
Eq. (17.4.2.1b).
• Calculate a modification factor for eccentricity (ψec1,N) with respect to the x
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two axes, the modification factor, ψec,N , shall direction
(17.4.2.1b).
for each direction (e c1,N with respect to the x direction and e c2,N with respect
for eccentricity with respect to the x direction and ψec2,N for eccentricity with

information on:
e c2,N: Parameter for pryout eccentricity with respect to the y direction

Variables ec2,N
e c2,N 17.4.2.4 The modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension, ψec,N shall be e c2,N is a PROFIS Engineering parameter to define pryout eccentricity with respect
calculated as to the y direction. The value for e c2,N corresponds the distance in the y direction of
a resultant shear load from the centroid of anchors that are loaded in shear. When
1 considering concrete pryout strength in shear, PROFIS Engineering uses ec2,N to
ψec,N = (17.4.2.4)
2e´N calculate the ACI 318 modification factor for eccentricity (ψec,N), and designates
1+ this modification factor ψec2,N to indicate eccentricity is being considered in the
3hef y direction. PROFIS Engineering pryout calculations for shear eccentricity with
respect to the y direction are as follows:
but ψec,N shall not be taken greater than 1.0. If the loading on an anchor group is such that only • Calculate a resultant shear load acting on the anchors
some anchors are in tension, only those anchors that are in tension shall be considered when • Calculate the distance in the y direction (e c2,N) between this load and the
determining the eccentricity e´N for use in Eq. (17.4.2.4) and for the calculation of Ncbg according to centroid of the anchors loaded in shear
Eq. (17.4.2.1b).
• Calculate a modification factor for eccentricity (ψec2,N) with respect to the y
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two axes, the modification factor, ψec,N , shall direction
(17.4.2.1b).
for each direction (e c1,N with respect to the x direction and e c2,N with respect
for eccentricity with respect to the x direction and ψec2,N for eccentricity with

information on:
e c1,N: Parameter for pryout eccentricity with respect to the x direction

Variables ca,min
ca,min 17.4.2.1 …….. A Nc is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor or group of anchors that c a,min is defined as the “minimum distance from the center of an anchor shaft to
shall be approximated as the base of the rectilinear geometrical figure that results from projecting the edge of concrete.” When one or more fixed edges are modeled in PROFIS
the failure surface outward 1.5h ef from the centerlines of the anchor, or in the case of a group of Engineering, the report will show the smallest fixed edge as “c a,min” in the
anchors, from a line through a row of adjacent anchors…….. Variables section.
Excerpted ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions that include ca,min for

calculating concrete breakout strength in tension are shown to the left. These
17.4.2.1 …….. A Nc0 is the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor with an edge distance provisions are also used to calculate concrete pryout strength in shear. It is
greater than 1.5h ef . important to understand that the calculated value for some of the parameters
A Nc0 = 9hef2 (17.4.2.1c) defined in these provisions will be dependent on whether concrete breakout
failure in tension is being considered or concrete pryout failure in shear is being
17.4.2.5 The modification factor for edge effects for single anchors or anchor groups loaded in considered since the number of anchors in tension may be different from the
tension, ψed,N , shall be calculated as number of anchors in shear. Therefore, the parameter for ca,min used to calculate
concrete breakout in tension may be different from the parameter for ca,min used
If ca,min ≥ 1.5hef, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.2.5a) to calculate concrete pryout in shear.
Reference the parameters A Nc and A Nc0 in the Equations section of the PROFIS
ca,min Engineering report for more information on the following parameters:
1.5hef c a1:
D istance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in
one direction (e.g. the x+ direction). For pryout calculations, ca1 is the
smallest fixed edge distance
17.4.2.7 The modification factor for post-installed anchors designed for uncracked concrete in c a2: Distance from the center of an anchor shaft to the edge of concrete in a
accordance with 17.4.2.6 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,N , shall be direction perpendicular to c a1 (e.g. the y+ direction)
Reference the parameters ψed,N and ψcp,N in the Equations and Calculations
If ca,min ≥ 1.5cac, then ψcp,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.7a) sections of the PROFIS Engineering report for more information on how ca,min is
used to calculate these parameters when considering pryout in shear.
ca,min
cac

Variables ψc,N
ψc,N 17.4.2.6 For anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no When calculating concrete pryout strength in shear, ψc,N , is a modification factor
cracking at service load levels, the following modification factor shall be permitted: for cracked or uncracked concrete conditions. Concrete cracks when tensile
stresses in the concrete imposed by loads or restraint conditions exceed its
(a) ψc,N = 1.25 for cast-in anchors tensile strength. Concrete is typically assumed to crack under service load
(b) ψc,N = 1.4 for post-installed anchors, where the value of kc used in Eq. (17.4.2.2a) is 17 conditions. ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions assume cracked concrete
as the baseline condition for designing cast-in-place and post-installed anchors,
Nba = kc λa f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a) since cracks in the anchor vicinity can result in a reduced ultimate load capacity
and increased displacement at ultimate load, compared to uncracked concrete
conditions. Uncracked concrete conditions can be assumed if it can be shown
that cracking of the concrete at service load levels will not occur over the anchor
evaluation report for post-installed anchors shown compliance for use in both cracked and
service life. PROFIS Engineering defaults to cracked concrete conditions.
uncracked concrete, the values of kc and ψc,N , shall be based on the ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4
product evaluation report. When a cast-in-place anchor is selected for cracked concrete conditions, PROFIS
Engineering sets ψc,N equal to 1.0 when calculating the nominal concrete pryout
strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg). If uncracked concrete conditions are selected,
evaluation report for post-installed anchors shown compliance for use in uncracked concrete, ψc,N ,
PROFIS Engineering sets ψc,N equal to 1.25.
shall be taken as 1.0.
When a post-installed anchor is selected, PROFIS Engineering uses the kc -value
When analysis indicates cracking at service load levels, ψc,N , shall be taken as 1.0 for both cast-in
for cracked or uncracked concrete (depending on the condition selected) derived
anchors and post-installed anchors. Post-installed anchors shall be shown compliance for use in
from testing per ACI 355.2/AC193 (mechanical anchor) or ACI 355.4/AC308
cracked concrete in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4. The cracking in the concrete shall
(adhesive anchor system) to calculate the basic concrete breakout strength (N b),
be controlled by flexural reinforcement distributed in accordance with 24.3.2, or equivalent crack
which is a parameter used to calculate Vcp or Vcpg. PROFIS Engineering always
control shall be provided by confining reinforcement.
sets ψc,N equal to 1.0 when calculating Vcp or Vcpg for a post-installed anchor.
information on the coefficient for basic concrete breakout strength (kc).
Reference the Equations and Calculations sections for more information on the
basic concrete breakout strength (N b).

Variables cac
cac 17.4.2.7 The modification factor for post-installed anchors designed for uncracked concrete in ψcp,N is a modification factor that considers splitting failure for a post-installed
accordance with 17.4.2.6 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,N , shall be anchor when calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp
calculated as follows using the critical distance cac as defined in 17.7.6 or Vcpg). ψcp,N is only considered when designing post-installed mechanical or
adhesive anchors installed in uncracked concrete. Concrete cracks when tensile
If ca,min ≥ 1.5cac, then ψcp,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.7a) stresses in the concrete imposed by loads or restraint conditions exceed its
tensile strength. ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions assume cracked
ca,min concrete as the baseline condition for designing anchors. Uncracked concrete
If ca,min < cac, then ψcp,N = (17.4.2.7b) conditions can be assumed if it can be shown that cracking of the concrete at
cac service load levels will not occur over the anchor service life. PROFIS Engineering
defaults to cracked concrete conditions.
distance c ac is defined in 17.7.6. Splitting failure is influenced by the distance of an anchor from a fixed edge “in a
levels”. The parameter c ac that is used to calculate ψcp,N is defined in ACI 318 as
17.7.6 Unless determined from tension tests in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4, the critical the “critical edge distance required to develop the basic strength as controlled
edge distance c ac shall not be taken less than: by concrete breakout or bond of a post-installed anchor in tension in uncracked
concrete without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting.” Nominal
concrete breakout strength in tension (Ncb or N cbg) and nominal bond strength
Undercut anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5h ef (Na or Nag) are considered when calculating nominal pryout strength in shear.
Torque-controlled expansion anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4h ef Calculation of these strengths includes the parameter ψcp,N when uncracked
concrete conditions are assumed. Therefore, the parameter cac is also relevant to
Displacement-controlled expansion anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4h ef
pryout calculations when uncracked concrete conditions are assumed.
Example: Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193 and the ACI test standard ACI
355.2 is used to derive c ac values for mechanical anchors. Values derived from this
testing are provided in an ICC-ESR.
ICC-ES ECR-1917 Table 3 Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard ACI
Design Nominal anchor diameter (in.) 355.4 is used to derive c ac values for adhesive anchor systems. c ac for adhesive
Symbol Units
information 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 anchor systems is calculated using the effective embedment depth (h ef), and
characteristic bond stress in uncracked concrete (тk,uncr).
Effective min.
hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
The c ac -values for post-installed anchors noted in ACI 318-14 Section 17.7.6 are
Min. member
hmin in. 3-1/4 4 5 5 4 6 6 8 5 6 8 5-1/2 6 8 8 only intended to be used as “guide values” in the absence of cac values derived
thickness from product-specific testing. PROFIS Engineering always uses the cac -value that
Critical edge
c ac in. 6 4-3/8 4 4-1/8 5-1/2 4-1/2 7-1/2 6 6-1/2 8-3/4 6-3/4 12 10 8 9
is given (mechanical anchor) or calculated (adhesive anchor system) in the ICC-ES
distance evaluation report for the anchor.

report for more information on the parameter ψcp,N .
information on the parameter h ef.
Reference the Variables section for bond strength in the PROFIS Engineering
report for more information on the parameter тk,uncr.


cac Example of critical edge distance requirements given in an adhesive anchor approval. Reference
D-27, as applicable, need not be taken less than c Na /c ac. For all other cases ψcp,Na shall be taken as
1.0.
The critical edge distance cac must be calculated according to Eq. 17.4.5.5c for ACI 318-14 or Eq.
0.4
тk,uncr h
cac = hef ⁎ 3.1–0.7
1160 hef
where
h
hef
k uncr hef f´c

πd

Variables kc
kc 17.4.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension in cracked concrete, When calculating concrete pryout strength in shear, the parameter “N b ”
N b, shall not exceed corresponds to a calculated concrete breakout strength for a single anchor
without any fixed edge or spacing influences. The parameter “coefficient for the
Nba = kc λa f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a) basic concrete breakout strength in tension” (kc) used to calculate N b defaults
where kc = 24 for cast-in anchors and 17 for post-installed anchors.
conditions. When calculating concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg)
The value of kc for post-installed anchors shall be permitted to be increased above 17 based on for cast-in-place anchors installed at an effective embedment depth (h ef) less
ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4 product-specific tests, but shall not exceed 24. than 11 in. PROFIS Engineering always uses a kc -value of 24, for both cracked
and uncracked concrete conditions. When designing cast-in-place anchors in
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 (17.4.2.2b) uncracked concrete, the modification factor ψc,n can be increased from a value
of 1.0 (cracked concrete conditions) to a value of 1.25 (uncracked concrete
Alternatively, for cast-in headed studs and headed bolts with 11 in. ≤ h ef ≤ 25 in., N b, shall not conditions).
exceed
The default kc -value of 17 noted for post-installed mechanical anchors and
adhesive anchor systems in ACI 318-14 Section 17.4.2.2 is only intended to be
Example: used as “guide value” in the absence of kc values derived from product-specific
Example of kc -values given in a mechanical anchor approval. testing. kc values for mechanical anchors can be derived from testing per the
ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2.
ICC-ESR-1917 Table 3 kc values for adhesive anchor systems can be derived from testing per the ICC-ES
acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. These
Design
information
Symbol Units kc values are specific to either cracked or uncracked concrete conditions; are
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
relevant to the effective embedment depth range for the anchor; and are provided
Effective min. in an ICC-ESR. When calculating concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg) for
hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
a post-installed anchor, PROFIS Engineering uses the kc -value that is given in the
Effective factor kuncr for ICC-ES evaluation report to calculate N b per Eq. (17.4.2.2a).
24
uncracked concrete
Effective factor kcr for For cast-in-place headed studs and headed bolts installed at an embedment
17 depth range
cracked concrete
11 in ≤ h ef ≤ 25 in
Example:
kc equals 16 per Eq. (17.4.2.2b). kc = 16 corresponds to cracked concrete
Example of kc -values given in an adhesive anchor system approval. conditions. When designing cast-in-place anchors in uncracked concrete per
Eq. (17.4.2.2b); the modification factor ψc,n can be increased from a value of 1.0
(cracked concrete conditions) to a value of 1.25 (uncracked concrete conditions).
When calculating concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg) for cast-in-place
DESIGN headed studs and headed bolts with an embedment depth
Symbol Units
INFORMATION 3/8 or 1/2 or 5/8 or 3/4 or 7/8 or 1 or 1-1/4
#9 11 in ≤ h ef ≤ 25 in
#3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 or #10
Effectiveness factor PROFIS Engineering calculates N b per Eq. (17.4.2.2b).
kuncr for cracked kc,cr in-lb 17
concrete The report will show the kc -value as 16.
Effectiveness factor
kuncr for uncracked kc,uncr in-lb 24 Reference the Equations and Calculations sections of the PROFIS Engineering
concrete report for more information on the parameter N b.
Minimum Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
hef,min in. 2 3/8 2 3/4 3 1/8 3 1/2 3 1/2 4 4 1/2 5
Embedment
information on the parameter ψc,n .
Maximum
hef,max in. 7 1/2 10 12.5 15 17 1/2 20 22 1/2 25
Embedment

Variables λa
λa 17.2.6 Modification factor λa for lightweight concrete shall be taken as: When calculating nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), λa is a
Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 λ modification factor for lightweight concrete that is used to calculate the parameter
“N b ” per Eq. (17.4.2.2a) or Eq. (17.4.2.2b). Generally speaking, ACI 318 applies
Expansion and adhesive anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 λ a multiplier to the parameter √f´c to “account for the properties of lightweight
Adhesive anchor bond failure per Eq. (17.4.5.2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 λ concrete”, and designates this parameter “λ”. The parameter “λa“ is a modification
of “λ” that specifically “accounts for the properties of lightweight concrete” with
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4. It shall be permitted to use an alternative value respect to anchoring-to-concrete calculations, hence the subscript “a” in “λa”. Per
of λa where tests have been performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4. Section 17.2.6, the modification factor λ, determined per the provisions of Section
19.2.4 Lightweight concrete 19.2.4, is multiplied by an additional factor that is specific to the type of anchor
being used, to obtain the parameter λa .
19.2.4.1 To account for the properties of lightweight concrete, a modification factor λ is used as a
multiplier of √f´c in all applicable provisions of this Code. Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
19.2.4.2 The value of λ shall be based on the composition of the aggregate in the concrete mixture in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2.
in accordance with Table 19.2.4.2 or as permitted in 19.2.4.3.
Table 19.2.4.2 — Modification factor λ [1] [2] International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308
in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. λa provisions for a specific post-
Concrete Composition of Aggregates λ installed anchor are derived from this testing and will be given in the ICC-ES
Fine: ASTM C330 evaluation report ICC-ESR for the anchor. For post-installed anchor design,
All-lightweight 0.75 PROFIS Engineering uses a λa -value as referenced in the ICC-ESR provisions
Coarse: ASTM C330
for the anchor. These ICC-ESR provisions typically correspond to the ACI 318
Lightweight, fine blend 0.75 to 0.85 {1] provisions for λa .
Coarse: ASTM C330
Fine: ASTM C33
Sand-lightweight 0.85 lightweight concrete being used in the application. Any λ-value between 0.75 and
Coarse: ASTM C330 1.0 can be input. Per ACI 318 provisions for determining λa , when designing cast-
Fine: ASTM C33 in-place anchors and post-installed undercut anchors, PROFIS Engineering uses
Sand-lighweight,
course blend
0.85 to 1 [2] the λ-value that has been input, for the λa -value to calculate N b. When designing
post-installed expansion and adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering multiplies
Fine: ASTM C33 the λ-value that has been input by a factor of 0.8 (expansion and adhesive anchor
Normal weight 1
Coarse: ASTM C33 concrete failure) or 0.6 (adhesive anchor bond failure), for the λa -value to calculate
N b. Therefore, the PROFIS Engineering λa -value for calculating N b, when designing
fraction of the total absolute volume of fine aggregate. cast-in-place and undercut anchors, will equal the λ-value that has been input.
2 L inear interopolation of 0.85 to 1 is permitted based on the absolute volume of normal weight coarse friction aggregate as a Likewise, the PROFIS Engineering λa -value for calculating N b, when designing
expansion and adhesive anchors, will equal 0.8λ since the parameter N b is
relevant to concrete failure.
report for more information on the parameter N b.
fct 1.5
λ = ≤ 1.0 (19.2.4.3)
6.7 fcm
Work.
Nba = kc λa f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a)
Alternatively, for cast-in headed studs and headed bolts with 11 in. ≤ h ef ≤ 25 in., N b, shall not
exceed
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 (17.4.2.2b)

Variables f´c
f´c 17.2.7 The values of f´c used for calculation purposes in this chapter shall not exceed 10,000 psi When calculating nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), f´c is a
for cast-in anchors, and 8000 psi for post-installed anchors. Testing is required for post-installed parameter used to define concrete compressive strength. This parameter is used
anchors when used in concrete with f´c greater than 8000 psi. to calculate the parameter “N b ”, which is used to calculate a concrete breakout
strength (N cb or Ncbg).
N b, shall not exceed Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
Nba = kc λa f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a) in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2.
where kc = 24 for cast-in anchors and 17 for post-installed anchors. Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance under the
in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.4. f´c provisions for a specific post-
Alternatively, for cast-in headed studs and headed bolts with 11 in. ≤ h ef ≤ 25 in., N b, shall not the anchor. PROFIS Engineering uses these f´c provisions for post-installed anchor
exceed design. The post-installed anchor portfolio in PROFIS Engineering is limited to
installation in concrete having a specified compressive strength between 2500 psi
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 (17.4.2.2b) and 8500 psi, and design using an
f´c -value less than or equal to 8000 psi. Reference the ICC-ESR for f´c information
specific to a post-installed anchor.
PROFIS Engineering users can input an f´c -value within the range
2500 psi ≤ f´c ≤ 8500 psi for post-installed anchor design. The maximum f´c -value
for calculations will be limited to 8000 psi.
PROFIS Engineering users can input an f´c -value within the range
2500 psi ≤ f´c ≤ 10,000 psi for cast-in-place anchor design. The maximum f´c -value
for calculations will be limited to 10,000 psi.

report for more information on the parameter N b.

Calculations ANc
A Nc 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, Vcp for a single anchor or Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
not exceed: parameter A Nc is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence
or a group of anchors creates a prying (i.e. tension) action on the anchor(s). A Nc
Vcp = kcp Ncp (17.5.3.1a) is calculated with the edge conditions and anchor spacing that have been input
into the PROFIS Engineering model. The geometry for A Nc is defined by projected
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncp shall be taken as Ncb determined from Eq. distances from the anchors that are in shear. The maximum projected distance
(17.4.2.1a), and for adhesive anchors, Ncp shall be the lesser of Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1a) from an anchor that is considered when calculating A Nc is limited to 1.5h ef, where
and N cb determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1a). h ef is the effective embedment depth of the anchor. Therefore, the maximum edge
(b) For a group of anchors distance parameter used to calculate A Nc equals 1.5h ef and the maximum spacing
parameter used to calculate A Nc equals 3.0h ef. Using these limits for edge distance
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b) and spacing, and defining the parameter A Nc0 per Eq. (17.4.2.1c), the value for A Nc
will never be greater than nA Nc0 , where n corresponds to the number of anchors in
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncpg shall be taken as Ncbg determined from Eq. shear. This limit is described below.
and N cbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b) The figure below illustrates how A Nc is calculated for pryout when a shear load
…………………………………………………… and spacing parameters equal to s1 and s 2 . Note that the maximum edge distance
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, Ncb of a single anchor or Ncbg of a parameter used to calculate A Nc equals 1.5h ef. Anchors spaced greater than 3.0h ef
group of anchors, shall not exceed: from one another would not be considered to act as a group with respect to that
spacing.
a) For a single anchor
A Nc
A Nc0
a) For a group of anchors
A Nc
A Nc0
………………………………………………………..A Nc is the projected concrete failure area of a single

anchor or group of anchors that shall be approximated as the base of the rectilinear geometrical A Nc = (c a1 + s1 + 1.5h ef) (c a2 + s 2 + 1.5h ef)
figure that results from projecting the failure surface outward 1.5h ef from the centerlines of the
anchor, or in the case of a group of anchors, from a line through a row of adjacent anchors. A Nc where: c
a1 and c a2 are ≤ 1.5h ef
shall not exceed nA Nc0 , where n is the number of anchors in the group that resist tension. A Nc0 is s1 and s 2 are ≤ 3.0h ef
the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor with an edge distance equal to or greater
than 1.5h ef For the example above, if c a1 = c a2 = 1.5h ef and s1 = s 2 = 3.0h ef, then
A Nc0 = 9hef2 (17.4.2.1c) A Nc would equal (1.5h ef + 3.0h ef + 1.5h ef) (1.5h ef + 3.0h ef + 1.5h ef) = 36h ef2 . The
parameter A Nc/A Nc0 would equal 36h ef2 /9h ef2 = 4. Therefore, since the maximum
edge distance parameter (1.5h ef) and maximum spacing parameter (3.0h ef) have
been assumed, A Nc equals nA Nc0 , where n = 4 corresponds to the number of
anchors in the group that resist shear.
It is important to understand that “A Nc” calculated for concrete breakout failure

in tension is not necessarily the same as “A Nc” calculated for concrete pryout

Calculations ANc0
A Nc0 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, Vcp for a single anchor or Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
not exceed: parameter A Nc0 is a modification factor that accounts for the area of influence
without the influence of any fixed edges creates a prying (i.e. tension) action on
Vcp = kcp Ncp (17.5.3.1a) the anchor. A Nc0 is calculated with the effective embedment depth of the anchor
(h ef) input into the PROFIS Engineering model. The geometry for A Nc0 is defined by
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncp shall be taken as Ncb determined from Eq. a projected distance of 1.5h ef from the anchor in the x and y directions.
(17.4.2.1a), and for adhesive anchors, Ncp shall be the lesser of Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1a)
and N cb determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1a). The figure below illustrates how A Nc0 is calculated.
……………………………………………………
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, Ncb of a single anchor or Ncbg of a
group of anchors, shall not exceed:
a) For a single anchor
A Nc
A Nc0
a) For a group of anchors
A Nc
A Nc0
ANc0 = (1.5h ef + 1.5h ef) (1.5h ef + 1.5h ef)
………………………………………………………..A Nc is the projected concrete failure area of a single = (9.0h ef) 2
anchor or group of anchors that shall be approximated as the base of the rectilinear geometrical
figure that results from projecting the failure surface outward 1.5h ef from the centerlines of the For cast-in-place anchors, PROFIS Engineering permits users to input h ef values
anchor, or in the case of a group of anchors, from a line through a row of adjacent anchors. A Nc ranging between 4d anchor and 25”.
shall not exceed nA Nc0 , where n is the number of anchors in the group that resist tension. A Nc0 is
the projected concrete failure area of a single anchor with an edge distance equal to or greater Cast-in anchors: 4d anchor ≤ h ef ≤ 25”.
than 1.5h ef For post-installed mechanical anchors, PROFIS Engineering permits users to input
A Nc0 = 9hef2 (17.4.2.1c) specific h ef values that are relative to a specific diameter as given in the ICC-ES
Post-installed mechanical anchors: reference product approval.
For post-installed adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering permits users to input

a range of h ef values that are relative to a specific diameter as given in the ICC-ES
Post-installed adhesive anchors: h ef,min≤ h ef ≤ h ef,max . Reference the product

approval for h ef,min and h ef,max values.

ψec1,N 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, ………………… Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall not exceed: Concrete pryout strength for a group of anchors in shear (Vcpg) is calculated per
(b) For a group of anchors Eq. (17.5.3.1b). The parameter “N cpg” in this equation corresponds to the nominal
concrete breakout strength (N cbg), calculated per Eq. (17.4.2.1b), but with respect
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b) to concrete pryout failure. The parameter “ψec,N” in Eq. (17.4.2.1b) is a modification
factor that accounts for a resultant shear load that is eccentric with respect to the
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncpg shall be taken as Ncbg determined from Eq. centroid of the anchors that are loaded in shear. ψec,N is only considered for an
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, Ncpg shall be the lesser of Nag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b) anchor group loaded in shear when calculating Vcpg.
When shear load acting on a group of anchors is eccentric with respect to the x
this parameter “ψec1,N”. PROFIS Engineering designates the eccentricity parameter
e´N in Eq. (17.4.2.4) “e c1,N” to likewise indicate that the software is considering
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension…….. N cbg of a group of anchors, shall eccentricity with respect to the x direction. If the resultant shear load acting on
not exceed: the anchorage is eccentric with respect to both the x and y directions; PROFIS
Engineering calculates “ψec,N” for both directions.
………………………………………
(b) For a group of anchors eccentricity when calculating Vcpg. The resultant shear load (Vres) is eccentric in
A Nc both the x direction and y direction with respect to the centroid of the anchors
Ncbg = ψec,N ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N Nb (17.4.2.1b) that are in shear. PROFIS Engineering defines the eccentricity of the shear load in
A Nc0 the x-direction as the parameter “e c1,N” and eccentricity in the y-direction as the
calculated as
1
ψec,N = (17.4.2.4)
2e´N
1+
3hef
Eq. (17.4.2.1b).
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two axes, the modification factor, ψec,N , shall
(17.4.2.1b).
1 1
ψec1,N = ψec2,N =
2e c1,N 2e c2,N
1+ 1+
3hef 3hef
For this example, the value for “ψec,N” used in Eq. (17.4.2.1b) equals the product of
ψec1,N and ψec2,N: ψec,N = (ψec1,N)(ψec2,N).

Calculations ψec1,N (continued)

ψec1,N Reference the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
information on:
ψec,N: Modification factor for shear eccentricity
information on:
ψec2,N: Modification factor for shear eccentricity with respect to the y direction

ψec2,N 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, ………………… Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall not exceed: Concrete pryout strength for a group of anchors in shear (Vcpg) is calculated per
(b) For a group of anchors Eq. (17.5.3.1b). The parameter “N cpg” in this equation corresponds to the nominal
concrete breakout strength (N cbg), calculated per Eq. (17.4.2.1b), but with respect
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b) to concrete pryout failure. The parameter “ψec,N” in Eq. (17.4.2.1b) is a modification
factor that accounts for a resultant shear load that is eccentric with respect to the
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncpg shall be taken as Ncbg determined from Eq. centroid of the anchors that are loaded in shear. ψec,N is only considered for an
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, Ncpg shall be the lesser of Nag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b) anchor group loaded in shear when calculating Vcpg.
When shear load acting on a group of anchors is eccentric with respect to the y
this parameter “ψec2,N”. PROFIS Engineering designates the eccentricity parameter
e´N in Eq. (17.4.2.4) “e c2,N” to likewise indicate that the software is considering
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension…….. N cbg of a group of anchors, shall eccentricity with respect to the y direction. If the resultant shear load acting on
not exceed: the anchorage is eccentric with respect to both the x and y directions; PROFIS
Engineering calculates “ψec,N” for both directions.
……………………………………… The illustration below shows how PROFIS Engineering considers shear
(b) For a group of anchors eccentricity when calculating Vcpg. The resultant shear load (Vres) is eccentric in
A Nc that are in shear. PROFIS Engineering defines the eccentricity of the shear load in
A Nc0 the x-direction as the parameter “e c1,N” and eccentricity in the y-direction as the
calculated as
1
ψec,N = (17.4.2.4)
2e´N
1+
3hef
Eq. (17.4.2.1b).
In the case where eccentric loading exists about two axes, the modification factor, ψec,N , shall
(17.4.2.1b).
1 1
ψec1,N = ψec2,N =
2e c1,N 2e c2,N
1+ 1+
3hef 3hef
For this example, the value for “ψec,N” used in Eq. (17.4.2.1b) equals the product of
ψec1,N and ψec2,N: ψec,N = (ψec1,N)(ψec2,N).

Calculations ψec2,N (continued)

ψec2,N Reference the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
information on:
ψec,N: Modification factor for shear eccentricity
h ef: Parameter for anchor effective embedment depth.
information on:
ψec1,N: Modification factor for shear eccentricity with respect to the x direction

Calculations ψed,N
ψed,N 17.4.2.5 The modification factor for edge effects for single anchors or anchor groups loaded in When calculating the nominal concrete pryout strength in shear (Vcp or Vcpg), the
tension, ψed,N , shall be calculated as parameter ψed,N is a modification factor that accounts for fixed edge distances
less than 1.5h ef, where hef corresponds to the effective embedment depth that
If ca,min ≥ 1.5hef, then ψed,Na = 1.0 (17.4.2.5a) has been selected for the anchor being modeled in PROFIS Engineering.
It is important to understand that “ψed,N” calculated for concrete breakout failure

ca,min in tension is not necessarily the same as “ψed,N” calculated for concrete pryout
1.5hef failure in shear since the number of anchors in tension may not be the same as the
number of anchors in shear. In the illustration below, a fixture is being attached
with six anchors, which are numbered 1-6. Anchors 2, 3, 5 and 6 are subjected
to a tension load, but all six anchors are subjected to a shear load. The edge
distance c a1 is less than the edge distance c a2 , and both edge distances are less
than 1.5h ef.
Since anchors 1 and 4 are in compression, the fixed edge distance in the -x
direction from anchors 2 and 5 that is relevant to concrete breakout in tension
calculations equals ca1 + the spacing between anchors 1 and 2 (sx12). Assuming
c a1 + sx12 is greater than 1.5h ef, the only fixed edge distance that is considered
for ψed,N when calculating concrete breakout in tension is the distance in the +y
direction (c a2).
ψed,N = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a1 / 1.5h ef)

Calculations ψed,N (continued)

ψed,N ψed,N would be calculated for concrete breakout in tension as follows:
ψed,N = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a2 / 1.5h ef)
All six anchors are in shear, so both c a1 and c a2 (which are less than 1.5h ef) are
considered for ψed,N when calculating concrete pryout in shear. Since ca1 is less
than c a2 , ψed,N would be calculated for concrete pryout in shear using ca1 as
follows:
ψed,N = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a1 / 1.5h ef)

Calculations ψcp,N
ψcp,N 17.4.2.7 The modification factor for post-installed anchors designed for uncracked concrete in The parameter ψcp,N is only considered when designing post-installed anchors
accordance with 17.4.2.6 without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting, ψcp,N , shall be in uncracked concrete. ψcp,N does not need to be calculated if the smallest
calculated as follows using the critical distance c ac as defined in 17.7.6 fixed edge distance (c a,min) is greater than or equal to c ac, or if cracked concrete
conditions are assumed. Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193
If ca,min ≥ 1.5cac, then ψcp,N = 1.0 (17.4.2.7a) and the ACI test standard ACI 355.2 is used to derive cac values for mechanical
anchors. Testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test
ca,min standard ACI 355.4 is used to derive c ac values for adhesive anchor systems. c ac
If ca,min < cac, then ψcp,N = (17.4.2.7b) values derived from this testing are provided in an ICC-ESR. ACI 318-14 Section
cac 17.7.6 provides c ac -values for post-installed anchors; however, these values are
only intended to be used as “guide values” in the absence of
but ψ cp,N determined from Eq. (17.4.2.7b) shall not be taken less than 1.5h ef /c ac, where the critical
c ac values derived from product-specific testing. PROFIS Engineering uses the
c ac -value that is given in the ICC-ES evaluation report for an anchor to calculate
For all other cases, including cast-in anchors, ψ cp,N shall be taken as 1.0. ψcp,N .
17.4.2.6 For anchors located in a region of a concrete member where analysis indicates no The value for ψcp,N that PROFIS Engineering calculates will be limited to
cracking at service load levels…………….. MAXIMUM {c a,min/c ac : 1.5 hef/c ac}, where c a,min is the smallest fixed edge distance
being modeled in the application and h ef is the effective embedment depth that
17.7.6 Unless determined from tension tests in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4, the critical has been selected for the anchor.
“ψcp,N” calculated for concrete breakout failure in tension is not necessarily the
same as “ψcp,N” calculated for concrete pryout failure in shear since the number of
Undercut anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5h ef anchors in tension may not be the same as the number of anchors in shear. When
Torque-controlled expansion anchors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4h ef calculating concrete breakout in tension, values for cac should be checked against
fixed edge distances relevant to anchors in tension. When calculating concrete
Displacement-controlled expansion anchor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4h ef
pryout in shear, values for cac should be checked against fixed edge distances
relevant to anchors in shear.
Example:
Consider: 4-anchors in tension and 6-anchors in shear.
Design Nominal anchor diameter (in.)
Symbol Units
information 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
Effective min.
hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
Min. member
hmin in. 3-1/4 4 5 5 4 6 6 8 5 6 8 5-1/2 6 8 8
thickness
Critical edge
c ac in. 6 4-3/8 4 4-1/8 5-1/2 4-1/2 7-1/2 6 6-1/2 8-3/4 6-3/4 12 10 8 9
distance
Example:
Example of critical edge distance requirements given in an adhesive anchor approval. Reference

Calculations ψcp,N (continued)

ψcp,N 4.1.10.2 Threaded Rod, Steel Reinforcing Bars, and Hilti HIS-N and HIS-RN Inserts: The Concrete breakout calculations in tension: c a,min = MIN{(c a1 + sx12): c a2}.
modification factor ψcp,Na must be determined in accordance with ACI 318-14 17.4.5.5 or ACI 318-11 Check MAXIMUM {c a,min/c ac : 1.5h ef/c ac}.
D-27, as applicable, need not be taken less than cNa /c ac. For all other cases ψcp,Na shall be taken as
1.0.
The critical edge distance cac must be calculated according to Eq. 17.4.5.5c for ACI 318-14 or Eq.
0.4
тk,uncr h
cac = hef ⁎ 3.1–0.7
1160 hef
where
h
hef
need not be taken as larger than 2.4; and тk,uncr is the characteristic bond strength in uncracked Concrete breakout calculations in shear: ca,min = MIN{c a1 : c a2}.
Check MAXIMUM {c a,min/c ac : 1.5h ef/c ac}.
k uncr hef f´c
πd
cac: V
alue derived from testing per AC193/ACI 355.2 or AC308/ACI 355.4 for
h ef: Effective embedment depth that has been selected for the anchor being
modeled

Calculations Nb
Nb 17.4.2.2 The basic concrete breakout strength of a single anchor in tension in cracked concrete, The parameter N b corresponds to a calculated concrete breakout strength for a
N b, shall not exceed single anchor without any fixed edge or spacing influences.
Nba = kc λa f´c hef 1.5 (17.4.2.2a) PROFIS Engineering uses kc = 24 to calculate N b for cast-in anchors installed at
an effective embedment depth (h ef) less than 11”, and kc = 16 to calculate N b for
………………………………………………………… cast-in anchors installed at an effective embedment depth 11” ≤ h ef ≤ 25”.
PROFIS Engineering uses the kc -value given in the ICC-ES evaluation report for an
anchor to calculate N b for post-installed anchors.
exceed PROFIS Engineering users can input a λ-value based on the properties of the
Nb = 16λa f´c hef 5 / 3 (17.4.2.2b) lightweight concrete being used in the application. Any λ-value between 0.75 and
1.0 can be input. PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions of ACI 318-14 Section
Example: 17.2.6 to calculate λa .
Example of kc -values given in a mechanical anchor approval. PROFIS Engineering users can input an f´c -value within the range 2500 psi
≤ f´c ≤ 8500 psi for post-installed anchor design. The maximum f´c -value for post-
ICC-ESR-1917 Table 3 installed anchor calculations will be limited to 8000 psi. PROFIS Engineering users
can input an f´c -value within the range 2500 psi ≤ f´c ≤ 10,000 psi for cast-in anchor
Design
information
Symbol Units design. The maximum f´c -value for cast-in anchor calculations will also equal
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
10,000 psi.
Effective min.
hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment PROFIS Engineering permits users to input an effective embedment depth (h ef)
Effectiveness factor kuncr for value ranging between 4danchor and 25” for cast-in anchors. For post-installed
24
uncracked concrete mechanical anchors, PROFIS Engineering permits users to input a specific h ef
Effectiveness factor kuncr for value that given in the ICC-ES evaluation report for the anchor. For post-installed
17 adhesive anchors, PROFIS Engineering permits users to input an h ef value in the
cracked concrete
range h ef,min ≤ h ef ≤ h ef,max . Reference the product approval for h ef,min and h ef,max
values.
Example:
Example of kc -values given in an adhesive anchor system approval. Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 12 k c : Coefficient for basic concrete breakout strength in tension
Nominal anchor diameter (in.) λa: Lightweight concrete modification factor
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units 3/8 or 1/2 or 5/8 or 3/4 or 7/8 or 1 or 1-1/4 or
#9 f´c: Concrete compressive strength
#3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #10
Effectiveness factor k uncr for
kc,cr in-lb 17
cracked concrete ψc,N: Modification factor for cracked or uncracked concrete conditions
Effectiveness factor for
uncracked concrete
kc,uncr in-lb 24 Reference the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Minimum embedment hef,min in. 2-3/8 2-3/4 3-1/8 3-1/2 3-1/2 4 4-1/2 5
Maximum embedment hef,max in. 7-1/2 10 12-1/2 15 17-1/2 20 22-1/2 25

Cast-in and undercut anchor concrete failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 λ
Expansion and adhesive anchor concrete failure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 λ
Adhesive anchor bond failure per Eq. (17.4.5.2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 λ
where λ is determined in accordance with 19.2.4. It shall be permitted to use an alternative value
of λa where tests have been performed and evaluated in accordance with ACI 355.2 or ACI 355.4.
for cast-in anchors, and 8000 psi for post-installed anchors. Testing is required for post-installed
anchors when used in concrete with f´c greater than 8000 psi.

Results Vcp
Vcp 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, Vcp for a single anchor …….. shall not exceed: Concrete pryout is a shear failure mode that is calculated for cast-in-place
(a) For a single anchor anchors and post-installed anchors. When designing cast-in-place anchors
and post-installed mechanical anchors, ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.3.1 defines the
Vcp = kcp Ncp (17.5.3.1a) nominal pryout strength for a single anchor (Vcp) as the product of the coefficient
for pryout strength (kcp) and the nominal concrete breakout strength in tension
for a single anchor (N cb). ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.3.1 defines the nominal pryout
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncp shall be taken as Ncb determined from Eq. strength for a single adhesive anchor (Vcp) as the product of kcp and the smaller of
(17.4.2.1a), and for adhesive anchors, Ncp shall be the lesser of Na determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1a) (N cb) and the nominal bond strength for a single anchor (N a).
and N cb determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1a) The concrete breakout strength parameter (Ncb) for pryout failure in shear is
……………………………………………………… calculated per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.2.1a), but predicated on the number of anchors
subjected to shear load, which may be different than the number of anchors
subjected to tension load. Note that (17.5.3.1a) denotes the “concrete pryout
strength” parameter “N cp” to distinguish it from the tension concrete breakout
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, Ncb of a single anchor …….. shall not strength parameter “N cb ”.
exceed:
(a) For a single anchor For the example illustrated below, a single anchor is subjected to only a shear
load. No tension load acts on the anchor; therefore, nominal concrete breakout in
tension (Ncb) is not calculated, but a pryout parameter “N cp” corresponding to N cb
A Nc calculated per Eq. (17.4.2.1a) is calculated.
Ncb = ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N Nb (17.4.2.1a)
A Nc0
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension, N a of a single adhesive anchor …….. shall not Shear load applied, so calculate concrete pryout (kcp N cp).
exceed: cast in anchor: Vcp = kcp N cb
mechanical anchor: Vcp = kcp N cb
A Na
A Na0

Results Vcp (continued)

Vcp adhesive anchor systems

Shear load applied, so calculate concrete pryout (kcp N cp).
on:

Results Vcpg
Vcpg 17.5.3.1 The nominal pryout strength, ………………… Vcpg for a group of anchors, shall not exceed: Concrete pryout is a shear failure mode that is calculated for cast-in-place
(b) For a group of anchors anchors and post-installed anchors. When designing cast-in-place anchors
and post-installed mechanical anchors, ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.3.1 defines
Vcpg = kcp Ncpg (17.5.3.1b) the nominal pryout strength for a group of anchors (Vcpg) as the product of the
coefficient for pryout strength (kcp) and the nominal concrete breakout strength
For cast-in, expansion, and undercut anchors, Ncpg shall be taken as Ncbg determined from Eq. in tension for a group of anchors (N cbg). ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.3.1 defines the
(17.4.2.1b), and for adhesive anchors, Ncpg shall be the lesser of Nag determined from Eq. (17.4.5.1b) nominal pryout strength for a group of adhesive anchors (Vcpg) as the product of
and N cbg determined from Eq. (17.4.2.1b) kcp and the smaller of (N cbg) and the nominal bond strength for a group of anchors
…………………………………………………… (Nag).
The concrete breakout strength parameter (N cbg) for pryout failure in shear is
calculated per ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.2.1b), but predicated on the number of anchors
17.4.2.1 The nominal concrete breakout strength in tension, ………….Ncbg of a group of anchors, subjected to shear load, which may be different than the number of anchors
shall not exceed: subjected to tension load. Note that (17.5.3.1b) denotes the “concrete pryout
strength” parameter “Ncpg” to distinguish it from the tension concrete breakout
…………………………………………. strength parameter “N cbg”.
(b) For a group of anchors For the example illustrated below, four anchors are subjected to a tension load,
but all six anchors are subjected to a shear load. Therefore, nominal concrete
A Nc breakout in tension (N cbg) is calculated for anchors 1,2,3 and 4; but a pryout
A Nc0 parameter “N cpg” corresponding to N cbg calculated per Eq. (17.4.2.1a) is calculated
for anchors 1,2,3,4,5 and 6.
17.4.5.1 The nominal bond strength in tension………… N ag of a group of adhesive anchors, shall
not exceed
……………………………………………
A Na
A Na0
Summary of ACI 318-14 pryout calculations.

cast in anchor: Vcpg = kcp N cbg
mechanical anchor: Vcpg = kcp Ncbg

adhesive anchor system: Vcpg = kcp MIN {Ncbg ; Nag}.

Results Vcpg (continued)

Vcpg
on:

information on:

Results ϕseismic
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the provisions for concrete breakout failure in tension require calculation of a nominal
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: concrete breakout strength (N cb or N cbg). The nominal strength is multiplied by two
strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors): one ϕ-factor for concrete breakout failure in
(a) ϕN sa for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in tension, and one ϕ-factor for seismic tension load conditions, to obtain a design
a group of anchors strength (0.75ϕNcb or 0.75ϕNcbg).
ϕN sa corresponds to steel failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1]
PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 seismic tension reduction factor noted
(b) 0.75ϕNcb or 0.75ϕNcbg except that Ncb or Ncbg need not be calculated where in ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 “ϕ seismic”. This reduction is only considered with
anchor reinforcement satisfying 17.4.2.9 is provided respect to non-steel tension failure modes when calculating tension design
[ϕNcb or ϕN1 correspond to concrete breakout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] strengths for both cast-in-place and post-installed anchors subjected to seismic
tension loads.
(c) 0.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor When designing an anchorage for seismic shear load conditions, ACI 318-14
in a group of anchors strength design provisions for concrete pryout failure in shear require calculation
[ϕN pn corresponds to pullout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] of a nominal concrete pryout strength (Vcp or Vcpg) that is only multiplied by one
ϕ-factor to obtain a shear design strength (ϕVcp or ϕVcpg). PROFIS Engineering
(d) 0.75ϕN sb or 0.75ϕN sbg designates this ϕ-factor “ϕ concrete”. The 0.75 seismic strength reduction factor
[ϕNsb or ϕNsbg correspond to side-face blowout failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] (ϕ seismic) required per Section 17.2.3.4.4 is only relevant to tension calculations,
(e) 0.75ϕNa or 0.75ϕNag for seismic shear load conditions. The PROFIS Engineering report always shows
ϕNa or ϕNag correspond to bond failure (tension) in Table 17.3.1.1] ϕ seismic equal to 1.0 for shear concrete pryout calculations when seismic shear
load conditions are being modeled.
When calculating the design concrete pryout strength in shear for cast-in-place
17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ-for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load anchors, the parameter “ϕconcrete” in the PROFIS Engineering report is taken from
combinations of 5.3 are used: Section 17.3.3(c)(i). When calculating the design concrete pryout strength in shear
…………………………………………………………………………………………………… for post-installed anchors, the parameter “ϕconcrete” in the PROFIS Engineering
report corresponds to the “Condition B” ϕ-factor for shear given in the ICC-ESR
for the anchor.
Condition A Condition B Per ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3, Condition A is not considered for pryout strength
calculations.
(i) Shear loads 0.75 0.70
Condition A applies where supplementary reinforcement is present information on the following parameters:
except for pullout and pryout strengths.
Vcp or Vcpg: Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear
Condition B applies where supplementary reinforcement is not present,
ϕVcp or ϕVcpg: Design concrete pryout strength in shear
and for pullout and pryout strengths.
ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for shear concrete pryout failure
PROFIS Engineering calculations for concrete breakout failure in tension when seismic load
single anchor: design concrete breakout strength = ϕ seismic ϕconcrete N cb .
anchor group: design concrete breakout strength = ϕ seismic ϕconcrete N cbg .
PROFIS Engineering calculations for concrete pryout failure in shear when seismic load conditions
are being modeled:
single anchor: design concrete pryout strength = ϕconcrete Vcp .
anchor group: design concrete pryout strength = ϕconcrete Vcpg .

provisions for concrete breakout failure in tension require calculation of a nominal
17.2.3.4.4 The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined concrete breakout strength (N cb or Ncbg). The nominal strength is multiplied by two
from consideration of (a) through (e) for the failure modes given in Table 17.3.1.1 assuming the strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors): one ϕ-factor for concrete breakout failure in
concrete is cracked unless it can be demonstrated that the concrete remains uncracked: tension, and one ϕ-factor for seismic tension load conditions, to obtain a design
(a) ϕ
N sa for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of anchors strength (0.75ϕNcb or 0.75ϕNcbg).
(b) 0
.75ϕNcb or 0.75ϕNcbg except that Ncb or Ncbg need not be calculated where anchor PROFIS Engineering designates the 0.75 seismic tension reduction factor noted
reinforcement satisfying 17.4.2.9 is provided in ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 “ϕ seismic”. This reduction is only considered with
respect to non-steel tension failure modes when calculating tension design
(c) 0
.75ϕN pn for a single anchor or for the most highly stressed individual anchor in a group of strengths for both cast-in-place and post-installed anchors subjected to seismic
anchors tension loads.
(d) 0.75ϕN sb or 0.75ϕN sbg When designing an anchorage for seismic shear load conditions, ACI 318-14
strength design provisions for concrete pryout failure in shear require calculation
(e) 0.75ϕNa or 0.75ϕNag of a nominal concrete pryout strength (Vcp or Vcpg) that is only multiplied by one
where ϕ is in accordance with 17.3.3. ϕ-factor to obtain a shear design strength (ϕVcp or ϕVcpg). PROFIS Engineering
(ϕ seismic) required per Section 17.2.3.4.4 is only relevant to tension calculations,
ACI 318-08 Part D.3.3.6 for seismic shear load conditions.
17; therefore, it is always referenced in the PROFIS Engineering report for
ACI 318-14 calculations as equal to 1.0.

Results ϕVcp
Failure Mode Single Anchor Vcp: 1 Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear
Concrete Pryout Strength in Shear ϕ Vcp > Vua
ϕVcp: 1 Design concrete pryout strength in shear
ϕVcp ≥ Vua: 1 Design check for pryout
Vcp: 1 Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear
ϕconcrete: 1 Strength reduction factor for concrete failure
ϕ seismic: 1 Strength reduction factor for seismic shear
Vua: 1 Factored load acting on anchors in shear
Results ϕVcpg
Failure Mode Anchors as a Group Vcpg: Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear
Concrete Pryout Strength in Shear ϕ Vcpg > Vua ϕVcpg: Design concrete pryout strength in shear
ϕVcpg ≥ Vua: Design check for pryout
Vcpg: Nominal concrete pryout strength in shear
ϕ seismic: strength reduction factor for seismic shear

Results Vua
Vua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for concrete pryout failure in shear require
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to calculation of a nominal concrete pryout strength (Vcp or Vcpg). The nominal strength
sustained tensile loading. is multiplied by a strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) to obtain a design strength (ϕVcp
or ϕVcpg). Design strength is checked against a factored shear load, defined by the
Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the shear failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 anchoring- parameter “Vua”. Chapter 2 in ACI 318-14 gives the following definitions for the factored
to-concrete provisions. shear load parameter “Vua”.
• Vua = f actored shear force applied to a single anchor or group of anchors (lb)
• Vua,i = f actored shear force applied to most highly stressed anchor in a group of
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 anchors (lb)
Anchor Group
Failure Mode Single Anchor The design concrete pryout strength for a single anchor in shear (ϕVcp) calculated
Anchors as a group per Section 17.5.3 is checked against the factored shear load acting on the anchor,
a Group
which is designated “Vua” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕVcp ≥ Vua , the provisions for considering
Steel strength in shear (17.5.1) ϕVsa ≥ Vua ϕVsa ≥ Vua,i concrete pryout failure in shear have been satisfied per Table 17.3.1.1.
Concrete breakout strength in shear The design concrete pryout strength for a group of anchors in shear (ϕVcpg) calculated per
(17.5.2)
Section 17.5.3 is checked against the total factored shear load acting on the anchors that
Concrete pryout strength in shear are in shear, which is designated “Vua,g” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕVcpg ≥ Vua,g , the provisions for
ϕVcp ≥ Vua ϕVcpg ≥ Vua,g
(17.5.3)
considering concrete pryout failure in shear have been satisfied per Table 17.3.1.1.
The PROFIS Engineering report uses the generic designation “Vua” to define the
factored shear load being checked against the calculated design concrete pryout
strength ϕVcp or ϕVcpg. The PROFIS Engineering Load Engine permits users to input
for inputting shear loads. The software only performs shear load checks per Table
17.3.1.1 if shear loads have been input via one of the load input functionalities.

parameter ϕVcp, and checks this value against either (a) the factored shear load acting
on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input via the Load Engine,
(b) the factored shear load acting on the anchor, which has been calculated using the
loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the factored shear load acting on the anchor,
which has been calculated using the loads input in the matrix on the main screen. The
value for Vua shown in the report corresponds to the factored shear load determined to
be acting on the anchor.
If a group of anchors in shear is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates the

parameter ϕVcpg, and checks this value against either (a) the total factored shear load
acting on the anchor group, which has been calculated using the loads input via the
Load Engine, (b) the total factored shear load acting on the anchor group, which has
been calculated using the loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the total factored
shear load acting on the anchor group, which has been calculated using the loads input
in the matrix on the main screen. The value for Vua shown in the report corresponds to
the total factored shear load determined to be acting on the anchor group.
Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more information
on the following parameters:
Vcp: Nominal shear concrete pryout strength for a single anchor
Vcpg: Nominal shear concrete pryout strength an anchor group
ϕconcrete: Strength reduction factor for concrete failure modes
ϕ seismic: Strength reduction factor for seismic loads
ϕ nonductile: Strength reduction factor for non-ductile failure modes

PART 4 SHEAR LOAD Steel Failure Mode
Equation Vsa = Ase,V futa

Vsa = A se,V futa 17.5.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear as governed by steel, Vsa , shall be evaluated ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines the parameter Vsa as follows:
by calculations based on the properties of the anchor material and the physical dimensions of
the anchor. Where concrete breakout is a potential failure mode, the required steel shear strength “nominal shear strength of a single anchor or
shall be consistent with the assumed breakout surface. individual anchor in a group of anchors
as governed by the steel strength”.
17.5.1.2 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear, Vsa , shall not exceed (a) through (c):
Vsa is always calculated for a single anchor when designing with ACI 318-14
(a) For cast-in headed stud anchor provisions.
Vsa = A se,V futa (17.5.1.2a) For cast-in headed studs, PROFIS Engineering calculates Vsa using Equation
(17.5.1.2a). The PROFIS Engineering cast-in headed stud portfolio is as follows:
where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in. 2, and f uta shall not be •A
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9f ya and 125,000 psi. (1/2” – 7/8” nominal diameter)
The table to the left shows the parameters used by PROFIS Engineering to
calculate Vsa for the headed stud portfolio.
…………………………………………………..
Reference the Calculations and Results section of the report for more
information on Vsa .
PROFIS Engineering AWS D1.1 headed stud portfolio parameters for calculating Vsa . Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the
parameters A se,V and f uta .
ANCHOR TENSILE YIELD EFFECTIVE
GRADE GROSS
MATERIAL DIAMETER STRENGTH STRENGTH AREA
OR AREA
SPECIFICATION (d 0) (futa) (fua) (A se)
TYPE (in2)
(in) (ksi) (ksi) (in2)
B 0.500 65 51 0.196
B 0.625 65 51 0.307
AWS D1.1
B 0.750 65 51 0.442
B 0.875 65 51 0.601

Equation headed bolt Vsa = 0.6 Ase,V futa

headed bolt 17.5.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear as governed by steel, Vsa , shall be evaluated ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines the parameter Vsa as follows:
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa the anchor. Where concrete breakout is a potential failure mode, the required steel shear strength “nominal shear strength of a single anchor or
………………………………………………….. provisions.
(b) F
or cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed anchors where For cast-in headed bolts, PROFIS Engineering calculates Vsa using Equation
sleeves do not extend through the shear plane (17.5.1.2b). The PROFIS Engineering cast-in headed bolt portfolio is as follows:
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa (17.5.1.2b) •A

(1/2” – 1-1/2” nominal diameter)
where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in. 2, and f uta shall not be
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. •A
…………………………………………………..
•A
PROFIS Engineering headed bolt portfolio parameters for calculating Vsa . (1/2” – 1-1/2” nominal diameter)
DIAMETER
TENSILE YIELD EFFECTIVE •A
MATERIAL GRADE STRENGTH STRENGTH GROSS AREA AREA (1/2” – 1-1/2” nominal diameter)
(d 0)
SPECIFICATION OR TYPE (futa) (f ya) (in2) (A se)
(in)
(ksi) (ksi) (in2)
36 0.500 58 36 0.196 0.142
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226
calculate Vsa for the headed bolt portfolio.
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462
36 1.000 58 36 0.785 0.606
information on Vsa .
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763
36 1.250 58 36 1.227 0.969
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410
36 1.750 58 36 2.405 1.900
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226
55 0.750 75 55 0.442 0.334
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160
55 1.500 75 55 1.767 1.410
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900
55 2.000 75 55 3.142 2.500
105 0.500 125 105 0.196 0.142
105 0.625 125 105 0.307 0.226
105 0.750 125 105 0.442 0.334
105 0.875 125 105 0.601 0.462
105 1.000 125 105 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 105 1.125 125 105 0.994 0.763
105 1.250 125 105 1.227 0.969
105 1.375 125 105 1.485 1.160
105 1.500 125 105 1.767 1.410
105 1.750 125 105 2.405 1.900
105 2.000 125 105 3.142 2.500

Equation post-Installed anchor Vsa = 0.6 Ase,V futa

post-Installed anchor 17.5.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear as governed by steel, Vsa , shall be evaluated ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines the parameter Vsa as:
Vsa = ESRvalue the anchor. Where concrete breakout is a potential failure mode, the required steel shear strength “nominal shear strength of a single anchor or
………………………………………………….. provisions.
(b) F
or cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed anchors where sleeves Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
do not extend through the shear plane International Building Code (IBC) via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
AC193 and the ACI test standard ACI 355.2. Data derived from this testing is given
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa (17.5.1.2b) in an ICC-ESR. Pre-calculated Vsa -values derived from AC193/ACI 355.2 testing
where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in. 2, and f uta shall not be are given in mechanical anchor ICC-ESR design tables. Although parameters
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. such as A se,V and futa may be given in the ICC-ESR, PROFIS Engineering uses the
pre-calculated Vsa-values to define the nominal steel strength in shear. Mechanical
(c) F
or post-installed anchors where sleeves extend through the shear plane, Vsa shall be based anchor ESR-values are specific to static (Vsa) or seismic (Vsa,eq) load conditions.
on the results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. Alternatively, Eq. In lieu of Equation (17.5.1.2b), the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering
(17.5.1.2b) shall be permitted to be used. report for a mechanical anchor references “Vsa = ESR value” for static load
conditions and “Vsa,eq = ESR value” for seismic load conditions ”.
Excerpt from a mechanical anchor ICC-ESR showing Vsa and Vsa,eq values.
ICC-ESR-1917 Table 3 via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard
Nominal anchor diameter (in.) ACI 355.4. Data derived from this testing is given in an ICC-ESR. Pre-calculated
Design
information
Symbol Units values for Vsa are given in the ICC-ESR steel design tables. Although parameters
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
such as A se,V and f uta may be given in the ICC-ESR, PROFIS Engineering uses the
Effective min. pre-calculated Vsa -values to define the nominal steel strength in shear. Adhesive
hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
anchor ICC-ESR Vsa -values are specific to static load conditions. An additional
Steel strength reduction factor designated “αV,seis” is applied to the Vsa -value when calculating
Vsa lb 2180 3595 5495 8090 13,675
in shear
nominal steel strength in shear for seismic load conditions. αV,seis-values are
Steel strength derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, and will be given in the ICC-ESR steel
in shear, Vsa,eq lb 2180 2255 5495 7600 11,475 design tables. In lieu of Equation (17.5.1.2b), the Equations section of the PROFIS
seismic
Engineering report for an adhesive anchor system references “Vsa = ICC-ESR
value” when modeling static load conditions and “Vsa,eq = ICC-ESR value” when
modeling seismic load conditions, where Vsa,eq = αV,seis Vsa . One exception to this
Excerpt from an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing parameters for Vsa . nomenclature is with respect to the HIT-HY 200 adhesive system. The Equations
section of the PROFIS Engineering report for HIT-HY 200 steel strength
ICC-ESR-3814 Table 6A parameters references “Vsa = (0.6 A se,V f uta)” when modeling static load conditions
Nominal rod diameter (in). and “Vsa = αV,seis (0.6 A se,V f uta)” when modeling seismic load conditions, where (0.6
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4 A se,V f uta) corresponds to the Vsa -value given in the ICC-ESR steel design tables.
Nominal strength Anchor elements in the PROFIS Engineering adhesive anchor portfolio are as
as governed by Vsa lb - 4940 7865 11,640 16,070 21,080 33,725 follows:
ASTM F1554
steel strength
Gr. 36
• Threaded rods
Reduction factor, • Reinforcing bars
α V,seis - 0.60
seismic shear • Internally threaded inserts
• HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods (HIT-HY 200 only)
Reference the adhesive anchor system ICC-ESR for Vsa values specific to an
anchor element.
information on Vsa and Vsa,eq.

Equation HIT-HY 200 adhesive Vsa = (0.6 Ase,V futa)

HIT-HY 200 adhesive 17.5.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear as governed by steel, Vsa , shall be evaluated ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines the parameter Vsa as:
Vsa = (0.6 A se,V futa) the anchor. Where concrete breakout is a potential failure mode, the required steel shear strength “nominal shear strength of a single anchor or
provisions.
………………………………………………….. The Hilti HIT-HY 200 adhesive system has been qualified for recognition under the
International Building Code (IBC) via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
(b) F
or cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed anchors where sleeves in the ICC-ESR-3187. HIT-HY 200 can be used with the following anchor elements:
do not extend through the shear plane • T hreaded rods
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa (17.5.1.2b) • Reinforcing bars

• Internally threaded inserts
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. • HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods
(c) F
or post-installed anchors where sleeves extend through the shear plane, Vsa shall be based Pre-calculated values for Vsa are given in the ICC-ESR steel design tables.
on the results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. Alternatively, Eq. Although parameters such as A se,V and f uta may be given in the ICC-ESR, PROFIS
(17.5.1.2b) shall be permitted to be used. Engineering uses the pre-calculated Vsa -values to define the nominal steel
strength in shear. Adhesive anchor ICC-ESR Vsa -values are specific to static load
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 7 showing Vsa and αV,seis values for HIT-Z threaded rods. conditions. An additional reduction factor designated “αV,seis” is applied to the Vsa -
value when calculating nominal steel strength in shear for seismic load conditions.
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 7 αV,seis-values are derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, and will be given in the
Nominal rod diameter (in).
ICC-ESR steel design tables.
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 The Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for HIT-HY 200 steel
strength parameters references “Vsa = (0.6 A se,V f uta)” when modeling static load
Nominal strength as conditions and “Vsa = αV,seis (0.6 A se,V futa)” when modeling seismic load conditions,
governed by steel strength
Vsa lb 3215 5886 9375 13,848
CARBON
where (0.6 A se,V f uta) corresponds to the Vsa -value given in ICC-ESR-3187 steel
STEEL
design tables.
Reduction factor, seismic
shear
α V,seis - 0.65 Reference the Calculations and Results section of the report for more

Equation HIT-Z/R threaded rods Vsa = αV,seis (0.6 Ase,V futa)

HIT-Z/R threaded rods 17.5.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear as governed by steel, Vsa , shall be evaluated ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines the parameter Vsa as follows:
Vsa = αV,seis (0.6 A se,V futa) the anchor. Where concrete breakout is a potential failure mode, the required steel shear strength “nominal shear strength of a single anchor or
………………………………………………….. provisions.
The Hilti HIT-HY 200 adhesive system has been shown compliance under the
International Building Code (IBC) via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
(b) F
or cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed anchors where sleeves AC308 and the ACI test standard ACI 355.4. Data derived from this testing is given
do not extend through the shear plane in the ICC-ESR-3187. HIT-HY 200 can be used with the following anchor elements:
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa (17.5.1.2b) • Threaded rods
where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in. , and f uta shall not be
2 • Reinforcing bars
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. • Internally threaded inserts
(c) F
or post-installed anchors where sleeves extend through the shear plane, Vsa shall be based • HIT-Z and HIT-Z-R threaded rods
on the results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. Alternatively, Eq. HIT-Z (carbon steel) and HIT-Z-R (stainless steel) threaded rods are proprietary
(17.5.1.2b) shall be permitted to be used. adhesive anchor elements that perform in a manner similar to an expansion
Excerpt from ICC-ESR-3187 Table 7 showing Vsa and αV,seis values for HIT-Z threaded rods. anchor. Pre-calculated Vsa -values for these anchor elements are given in
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 7. Although values for A se,v and f uta are given in
ICC-ESR-3187 Table 7 and Table 2, respectively, PROFIS Engineering uses the
pre-calculated Vsa -values given in Table 7 to define the nominal steel strength
Nominal rod diameter (in). in shear for HIT-Z/HIT-Z-R threaded rods. The Table 7 Vsa -values are specific to
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 static load conditions. An additional reduction factor designated “αV,seis” is applied
to the Vsa -value when calculating nominal steel strength in shear for seismic load
Nominal strength as conditions.
Vsa lb 3215 5886 9375 13,848
CARBON
αV,seis-values derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing are given in ICC-ESR-3187

STEEL
Table 7.
shear
α V,seis - 0.65 In lieu of Equation (17.5.1.2b), the Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering
report for HIT-Z/HIT-Z-R threaded rods references “Vsa = (0.6 A se,V f uta)” when
modeling static load conditions and “Vsa,eq = αV,seis (0.6 A se,V f uta)” when modeling
seismic load conditions.

Equation ϕVsteel ≥ Vua

ϕVsteel ≥ Vua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for shear check a calculated design
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to strength (ϕV N) against a factored shear load (Vua). The parameter “design strength”
sustained tensile loading. is defined as the product of a “nominal strength” (V N) and one or more strength
reduction factors (ϕ-factors). If ϕV N ≥ Vua for all relevant shear failure modes, the
Table 17.3.1.1 ACI 318-14 shear provisions are satisfied.
Failure Mode Single Anchor Individual Anchor in a Group
Steel Strength in Shear ϕ Vsa ≥ Vua ϕ Vsa ≥ Vua,i Nominal steel strength in shear (Vsa) is always calculated for a single anchor when
designing with the provisions of ACI 318-14. If an application consists of a group
of anchors in shear, Vsa is calculated for a single anchor, and the design strength is
checked against the highest loaded anchor in shear.
to brittle failure modes. Anchor elements can be defined in ACI 318 as “ductile”
or “brittle” steel elements. Steel failure for a brittle steel anchor element is a
“brittle”, i.e. “nonductile” failure mode; therefore, design steel strength calculated
for a brittle steel anchor element using ACI 318-08 seismic provisions includes an
When modeling an anchor element subject to shear loads using ACI 318-14
provisions, PROFIS Engineering calculates design steel strength for static load
conditions as “ϕ steel Vsa”, and the design steel strength for seismic load conditions
as “ϕ steel Vsa,eq”. Reference the Calculations and Results section of the PROFIS
Engineering report for information on:
Vsa: Nominal (static) steel strength in shear
Vsa,eq: Nominal (seismic) steel strength in shear
ϕVsa: Design (static) steel strength in shear
ϕVsa,eq: Design (seismic) steel strength in shear

Variables futa
futa 17.5.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear as governed by steel, Vsa , shall be evaluated ACI 318-14 Equation 17.5.1.2 includes the parameter f uta to calculate the nominal
by calculations based on the properties of the anchor material and the physical dimensions of steel strength in shear (Vsa). ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines futa as the “specified
the anchor. Where concrete breakout is a potential failure mode, the required steel shear strength tensile strength of anchor steel”. ICC-ESR for post-installed anchors include
shall be consistent with the assumed breakout surface. values for the “minimum specified ultimate strength”. Unlike reinforced concrete
design, which uses bar yield strength (f y) for shear calculations; ACI 318
17.5.1.2 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear, Vsa , shall not exceed (a) through (c): anchoring-to-concrete provisions use the ultimate tensile strength of an anchor
(a) For cast-in headed stud anchor element (f uta) to calculate the nominal steel strength in shear (Vsa). The ACI 318-14
commentary R17.5.1.2 notes:
Vsa = A se,V futa (17.5.1.2a)
“The nominal shear strength of anchors is best
where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in. 2, and f uta shall not be represented as a function of futa rather than f ya
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. because the large majority of anchor materials do
b) F
or cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed anchors where not exhibit a well-defined yield point”.
sleeves do not extend through the shear plane The PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio includes the following
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa (17.5.1.2b) anchors:
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. (1/2” – 7/8” nominal diameter)
•A
(c) F
or post-installed anchors where sleeves extend through the shear plane, Vsa shall (1/2” – 1 1/2” nominal diameter)
be based on the results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2.
Alternatively, Eq. (17.5.1.2b) shall be permitted to be used. •A
PROFIS Engineering cast-in anchor portfolio values for A se,v and f uta . •A
DIAMETER TENSILE YIELD EFFECTIVE
MATERIAL GRADE GROSS AREA
SPECIFICATION OR TYPE
(d 0) STRENGTH(futa) STRENGTH (f ya)
(in2)
AREA (A se) •A
(in) (ksi) (ksi) (in2)
B 0.500 65 51 0.196
B 0.625 65 51 0.307
AWS D1.1
B 0.750 65 51 0.442 The table to the left shows the f ya and f uta values for the PROFIS Engineering cast-
B 0.875 65 51 0.601 in-place anchor portfolio. PROFIS Engineering uses the futa values to calculate Vsa
36 0.500 58 36 0.196 0.142
per Section 17.5.1.2.
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462 Post-installed anchor ICC-ESR include pre-calculated values for the nominal
36 1.000 58 36 0.785 0.606 static shear steel strength of an anchor element (Vsa), and nominal seismic shear
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763 steel strength of an anchor element (Vsa,eq). A se,V and f uta values may also be given
36 1.250 58 36 1.227 0.969
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160
in the ICC-ESR; however, PROFIS Engineering uses the pre-calculated Vsa and
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410 Vsa ,eq values instead of calculating nominal steel strength in shear per Section
36 1.750 58 36 2.405 1.900 17.5.1.2.
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763 Vsa,eq: Nominal (seismic) steel strength in shear
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160
55 1.500 75 55 1.767 1.410
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900 information on:
55 2.000 75 55 3.142 2.500
105 0.500 125 105 0.196 0.142 A se,V: Tensile stress area of an anchor element
105 0.625 125 105 0.307 0.226
105 0.750 125 105 0.442 0.334
105 0.875 125 105 0.601 0.462
105 1.000 125 105 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 105 1.125 125 105 0.994 0.763
105 1.250 125 105 1.227 0.969
105 1.375 125 105 1.485 1.160
105 1.500 125 105 1.767 1.410
105 1.750 125 105 2.405 1.900
105 2.000 125 105 3.142 2.500

Variables αV,seis
αV,seis 17.5.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear as governed by steel, Vsa , shall be evaluated Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be shown compliance under the IBC
by calculations based on the properties of the anchor material and the physical dimensions of via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test standard
the anchor. Where concrete breakout is a potential failure mode, the required steel shear strength ACI 355.4. Data derived from this testing is given in an ICC-ESR. Pre-calculated
shall be consistent with the assumed breakout surface. values for nominal steel strength in shear are given in the ICC-ESR steel design
tables. PROFIS Engineering uses these values to define the nominal steel
17.5.1.2 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear, Vsa , shall not exceed (a) through (c): strength in shear.
(a) For cast-in headed stud anchor Adhesive anchor ICC-ESR include pre-calculated Vsa values for the nominal
Vsa = A se,V futa (17.5.1.2a) static shear steel strength of an anchor element. An additional reduction factor
designated “αV,seis” is applied to the Vsa -value when calculating the shear nominal
where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in. 2, and f uta shall not be steel strength for seismic load conditions. αV,seis is only used as a shear steel
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. strength design parameter with adhesive anchor elements. αV,seis-values are
derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, and will be given in the ICC-ESR steel
b) F
or cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed anchors where design tables.
sleeves do not extend through the shear plane
Generally speaking, when modeling static load conditions for an adhesive anchor
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa (17.5.1.2b) system, the PROFIS Engineering report shows the Vsa -value from the ICC-ESR
where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in. 2, and f uta shall not be in the Calculations and Results section. If seismic load conditions are being
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. modeled, PROFIS Engineering applies the αV,seis-value given in the ICC-ESR to
the Vsa -value and shows the product of these two parameters as “Vsa,eq” in the
(c) F
or post-installed anchors where sleeves extend through the shear plane, Vsa shall be based Calculations and Results section of the report.
on the results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. Alternatively, Eq.
(17.5.1.2b) shall be permitted to be used When modeling the HIT-HY 200 adhesive anchor system for static load conditions
in PROFIS Engineering, the Vsa -value given in the ICC-ESR is shown in the
Excerpts from an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR referencing the parameter αV,seis . Variables section of the report as “0.6 A se,V f uta”. However, this parameter is still
shown as “Vsa” in the Calculations and Results section of the report. When
ICC-ESR-3814 modeling HIT-HY 200 for seismic load conditions, the αV,seis-value is also shown in
4.1.11 Design Strength in Seismic Design Categories C, D, E and F: the Variables section of the report, and PROFIS Engineering shows the product
……………………………………. “(αV,seis)( 0.6 A se,V f uta)” as “Vsa,eq” in the Calculations and Results section of the
report.
The nominal steel shear strength, Vsa , must be adjusted by αV,seis ……………..
report for more information on:
ICC-ESR-3814 Table 6A
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units Vsa,eq: Nominal (seismic) steel strength in shear
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
Nominal strength Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
as governed by Vsa lb - 4940 7865 11,640 16,070 21,080 33,725 information on:
ASTM F1554
steel strength
Gr. 36
A se,V: Tensile stress area of an anchor element

Reduction factor, 0.6 A se,V f uta: Pre-calculated Vsa -value from ICC-ESR
α V,seis - 0.60
seismic shear

Variables (0.6 Ase,V futa)

(0.6 A se,V futa) 17.5.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear as governed by steel, Vsa , shall be evaluated Post-installed adhesive anchor systems can be qualified for recognition under
by calculations based on the properties of the anchor material and the physical dimensions of the IBC via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 and the ACI test
the anchor. Where concrete breakout is a potential failure mode, the required steel shear strength standard ACI 355.4. Data derived from this testing is given in an ICC-ES evaluation
shall be consistent with the assumed breakout surface. report ICC-ESR. Pre-calculated values for nominal steel strength in shear are
given in the ICC-ESR steel design tables. PROFIS Engineering uses these values
17.5.1.2 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear, Vsa , shall not exceed (a) through (c): to define the nominal steel strength in shear.
(a) For cast-in headed stud anchor When modeling the HIT-HY 200 adhesive anchor system for static load conditions
Vsa = A se,V futa (17.5.1.2a) in PROFIS Engineering, the Vsa -value given in the ICC-ESR is shown in the
Variables section of the report as “0.6 A se,V f uta”. However, this parameter is still
where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in. 2, and f uta shall not be shown as “Vsa” in the Calculations and Results section of the report. When
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. modeling HIT-HY 200 for seismic load conditions, the αV,seis-value is also shown in
the Variables section of the report, and PROFIS Engineering shows the product
b) F
or cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed anchors where “(αV,seis)( 0.6 A se,V f uta)” as “Vsa,eq” in the Calculations and Results section of the
sleeves do not extend through the shear plane report.
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa (17.5.1.2b) Reference the Calculations and Results section of the PROFIS Engineering
where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in. 2, and f uta shall not be report for more information on:
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. Vsa: Nominal (static) steel strength in shear
(c) F
or post-installed anchors where sleeves extend through the shear plane, Vsa shall Vsa,eq: Nominal (seismic) steel strength in shear
be based on the results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
Alternatively, Eq. (17.5.1.2b) shall be permitted to be used. information on:
Excerpts from ICC-ESR-3187 referencing the parameter Vsa for HIT-Z carbon steel threaded rods A se,V: Tensile stress area of an anchor element
(Table 7) and ASTM F1554 Gr. 36 threaded rods (Table 11). The parameter “Vsa” is designated 0.6 A se,V f uta: Pre-calculated Vsa -value from ICC-ESR
“0.6 A se,V f uta” in the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report when the HIT-HY 200
adhesive anchor system has been selected. αV,seis: Reduction for seismic shear (steel strength)
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
Nominal strength as
Vsa lb 3215 5886 9375 13,848
CARBON
STEEL

α V,seis - 0.65
shear
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
Nominal strength as
Vsa lb - 4940 7865 11,640 16,070 21,080 33,725
ASTM F1554

Gr. 36

α V,seis - 0.60
shear

Calculations headed stud Vsa

headed stud 17.5.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear as governed by steel, Vsa , shall be evaluated ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines the parameter Vsa as follows:
Vsa the anchor. Where concrete breakout is a potential failure mode, the required steel shear strength “nominal shear strength of a single anchor or
…………………………………………………..
PROFIS Engineering AWS D1.1 headed stud portfolio parameters for calculating Vsa . calculate Vsa for the headed stud portfolio.
MATERIAL GRADE
DIAMETER TENSILE YIELD
GROSS AREA
EFFECTIVE Reference the Equations and Results section of the report for more information
(d 0) STRENGTH(futa) STRENGTH (f ya) AREA (A se)
(in) (ksi) (ksi)
(in2)
(in2) on Vsa .
B 0.500 65 51 0.196
B 0.625 65 51 0.307 Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the
AWS D1.1
B 0.750 65 51 0.442 parameters A se,V and f uta .
B 0.875 65 51 0.601

Calculations headed bolt Vsa = 0.6 Ase,V futa

………………………………………………….. provisions.
(b) F
or cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed anchors where For cast-in headed bolts, PROFIS Engineering calculates Vsa using Equation
sleeves do not extend through the shear plane (17.5.1.2b). The PROFIS Engineering cast-in headed bolt portfolio is as follows:
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa (17.5.1.2b) •A

where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in.2, and futa shall not be •A
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. (1/2” – 2” nominal diameter)
………………………………………………….. •A
PROFIS Engineering headed bolt portfolio parameters for calculating Vsa .
•A
DIAMETER
MATERIAL GRADE STRENGTH STRENGTH GROSS AREA AREA
(d 0) The table to the left shows the parameters used by PROFIS Engineering to
(in)
(ksi) (ksi) (in2) calculate Vsa for the headed bolt portfolio.
36 0.500 58 36 0.196 0.142
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226 Reference the Equations and Results section of the report for more information
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334 on Vsa .
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763 parameters A se,V and f uta .
36 1.250 58 36 1.227 0.969
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410
36 1.750 58 36 2.405 1.900
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226
55 0.750 75 55 0.442 0.334
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160
55 1.500 75 55 1.767 1.410
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900
55 2.000 75 55 3.142 2.500
105 0.500 125 105 0.196 0.142
105 0.625 125 105 0.307 0.226
105 0.750 125 105 0.442 0.334
105 0.875 125 105 0.601 0.462
105 1.000 125 105 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 105 1.125 125 105 0.994 0.763
105 1.250 125 105 1.227 0.969
105 1.375 125 105 1.485 1.160
105 1.500 125 105 1.767 1.410
105 1.750 125 105 2.405 1.900
105 2.000 125 105 3.142 2.500

Calculations post-Installed anchor Vsa

………………………………………………….. provisions.
(b) F
or cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed anchors where Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
sleeves do not extend through the shear plane International Building Code (IBC) via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa (17.5.1.2b) in an ICC-ESR. Pre-calculated Vsa -values derived from AC193/ACI 355.2 testing
where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in. 2, and f uta shall not be are given in mechanical anchor ICC-ESR design tables. Although parameters
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. such as A se,V and f uta may be given in the ICC-ESR, PROFIS Engineering uses
the pre-calculated Vsa -values to define the nominal steel strength in shear.
(c) F
or post-installed anchors where sleeves extend through the shear plane, Vsa shall be based Mechanical anchor ICC-ESR-values are specific to static (Vsa) or seismic (Vsa,eq)
on the results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. Alternatively, Eq. load conditions. The Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering report for
(17.5.1.2b) shall be permitted to be used. a mechanical anchor references “Vsa” for static load conditions and “Vsa,eq” for
seismic load conditions ”.
Design
information
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
Steel strength reduction factor designated “αV,seis” is applied to the Vsa -value when calculating
Vsa in. 2180 3595 5495 8090 13,675
in shear
nominal steel strength in shear for seismic load conditions.
Steel strength αV,seis-values are derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, and will be given in
in shear, Vsa,eq in. 2180 2255 5495 7600 11,745 the ICC-ESR steel design tables. The Calculations section of the PROFIS
seismic
Engineering report for an adhesive anchor system references “Vsa” when modeling
static load conditions and “Vsa,eq” when modeling seismic load conditions, where
Vsa,eq = αV,seis Vsa . One exception to this nomenclature is with respect to the
Excerpt from an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing parameters for Vsa . HIT-HY 200 adhesive system. The Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering
report for HIT-HY 200 steel strength parameters references “Vsa = (0.6
ICC-ESR-3814 Table 6A A se,V f uta)” when modeling static load conditions and “Vsa = αV,seis (0.6 A se,V f uta)”
Nominal rod diameter (in). when modeling seismic load conditions, but the Calculations section of the
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units report simply references “Vsa” when modeling static load conditions and “Vsa,eq”
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
when modeling seismic load conditions
Nominal strength
as governed by Vsa lb - 4940 7865 11,640 16,070 21,080 33,725 Reference the Equations and Results section of the report for more information
ASTM F1554
steel strength on Vsa and Vsa,eq.

Gr. 36
Reduction factor, Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the
α V,seis - 0.60 parameters A se,V, f uta , αV,seis and (0.6 A se,V f uta).
seismic shear

Results headed stud Vsa

headed stud 17.5.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear as governed by steel, Vsa , shall be evaluated ACI 318-14 Chapter 2 defines the parameter Vsa as follows:
…………………………………………………..
PROFIS Engineering AWS D1.1 headed stud portfolio parameters for calculating Vsa . calculate Vsa for the headed stud portfolio.
MATERIAL GRADE
GROSS AREA
EFFECTIVE Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the report for more
(in) (ksi) (ksi)
(in2)
(in2) information on Vsa .
B 0.500 65 51 0.196
B 0.625 65 51 0.307 Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the
AWS D1.1
B 0.750 65 51 0.442 parameters A se,V and f uta .
B 0.875 65 51 0.601

Results headed bolt Vsa = 0.6 Ase,V futa

………………………………………………….. provisions.
(b) F
or cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed For cast-in headed bolts, PROFIS Engineering calculates Vsa using Equation
anchors where sleeves do not extend through the shear plane (17.5.1.2b). The PROFIS Engineering cast-in headed bolt portfolio is as follows:
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa (17.5.1.2b) •A

taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. (1/2” – 2” nominal diameter)
………………………………………………….. •A
PROFIS Engineering headed bolt portfolio parameters for calculating Vsa
•A
DIAMETER
MATERIAL GRADE STRENGTH STRENGTH GROSS AREA AREA
(d 0) The table to the left shows the parameters used by PROFIS Engineering to
(in)
(ksi) (ksi) (in2) calculate Vsa for the headed bolt portfolio.
36 0.500 58 36 0.196 0.142
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226 Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the report for more
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334 information on Vsa .
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763 parameters A se,V and f uta .
36 1.250 58 36 1.227 0.969
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410
36 1.750 58 36 2.405 1.900
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226
55 0.750 75 55 0.442 0.334
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160
55 1.500 75 55 1.767 1.410
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900
55 2.000 75 55 3.142 2.500
105 0.500 125 105 0.196 0.142
105 0.625 125 105 0.307 0.226
105 0.750 125 105 0.442 0.334
105 0.875 125 105 0.601 0.462
105 1.000 125 105 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 105 1.125 125 105 0.994 0.763
105 1.250 125 105 1.227 0.969
105 1.375 125 105 1.485 1.160
105 1.500 125 105 1.767 1.410
105 1.750 125 105 2.405 1.900
105 2.000 125 105 3.142 2.500

Results post-Installed anchor Vsa

………………………………………………….. provisions.
(b) F
or cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed anchors where Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
sleeves do not extend through the shear plane International Building Code (IBC) via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria
where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in. 2, and f uta shall not be in an ICC-ESR. Pre-calculated Vsa -values derived from AC193/ACI 355.2 testing
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi. are given in mechanical anchor ICC-ESR design tables. Although parameters
(c) F
or post-installed anchors where sleeves extend through the shear plane, Vsa shall be based such as A se,V and f uta may be given in the ICC-ESR, PROFIS Engineering uses
on the results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. Alternatively, Eq. the pre-calculated Vsa -values to define the nominal steel strength in shear.
(17.5.1.2b) shall be permitted to be used. Mechanical anchor ICC-ESR-values are specific to static (Vsa) or seismic (Vsa,eq)
load conditions. The Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for a
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa (17.5.1.2b) mechanical anchor references “Vsa” for static load conditions and “Vsa,eq” for
seismic load conditions ”.
Design
information
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
Steel strength reduction factor designated “αV,seis” is applied to the Vsa -value
Vsa in. 2180 3595 5495 8090 13,675
in shear
when calculating nominal steel strength in shear for seismic load conditions.
Steel strength αV,seis-values are derived from AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, and will be given in the
in shear, Vsa,eq in. 2180 2255 5495 7600 11,745 ICC-ESR steel design tables. The Results section of the PROFIS Engineering
seismic
report for an adhesive anchor system references “Vsa” when modeling static load
conditions and “Vsa,eq” when modeling seismic load conditions, where
Vsa,eq = αV,seis Vsa . One exception to this nomenclature is with respect to the
Excerpt from an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing parameters for Vsa . HIT-HY 200 adhesive system. The Equations section of the PROFIS Engineering
report for HIT-HY 200 steel strength parameters references “Vsa = (0.6 A se,V futa)”
ICC-ESR-3814 Table 6A when modeling static load conditions and “Vsa = αV,seis (0.6 A se,V f uta)” when
Nominal rod diameter (in). modeling seismic load conditions, but the Results section of the report simply
DESIGN INFORMATION Symbol Units references “Vsa” when modeling static load conditions and “Vsa,eq” when modeling
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
seismic load conditions
Nominal strength
as governed by Vsa lb - 4940 7865 11,640 16,070 21,080 33,725 Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the report for more
ASTM F1554
steel strength information on Vsa and Vsa,eq.

Gr. 36
Reduction factor, Reference the Variables section of the report for more information on the
α V,seis - 0.60 parameters A se,V, f uta , αV,seis and (0.6 A se,V f uta).
seismic shear

Results ϕsteel
ϕsteel 17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ-for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for steel failure in shear require calculation
combinations of 5.3 are used: of a nominal steel strength (Vsa). The nominal strength is multiplied by a strength
reduction factor (ϕ-factor) to obtain a design strength (ϕVsa). ACI 318 anchoring-to-
(a) Anchor governed by strength of a ductile steel element concrete provisions have traditionally defined ductile steel elements and brittle
(i) Tension loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.75 steel elements as follows:
(ii) Shear loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.65
• Ductile steel element — an element with a tensile test elongation of at least 14
(b) Anchor governed by strength of a brittle steel element percent and reduction in area of at least 30 percent
(i) Tension loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.65
(ii) Shear loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.60 • Brittle steel element — an element with a tensile test elongation of less than
14 percent, or reduction in area of less than 30 percent, or both
PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio.
• AWS D1.1: 1/2” – 7/8” diameters PROFIS Engineering designates the ϕ-factor corresponding to steel failure “ϕ steel ”.
• Hex head, square head, heavy square head: 1/2” – 1 1/2” diameters When designing cast-in-place anchors, PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors
• Heavy hex head: 1/2” – 2” diameters given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3. The ϕ steel -values for the cast-in-place anchors
in the PROFIS Engineering portfolio correspond to the ϕ-factors given in Section
MATERIAL GRADE
GROSS AREA
EFFECTIVE 17.3.3 for ductile steel elements. In the absence of product-specific data, the
(in) (ksi) (ksi)
(in2)
(in2) ϕ-factors in Section 17.3.3 can be used as guide values for post-installed anchors;
B 0.500 65 51 0.196 however, ϕ-factors derived from product-specific testing should always be used
AWS D1.1
B 0.625 65 51 0.307 for the actual design of post-installed anchors.
B 0.750 65 51 0.442
B 0.875 65 51 0.601
36 0.500 58 36 0.196 0.142
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226 International Building Code via testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC193
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334 in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2. Post-installed adhesive anchor
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462
36 1.000 58 36 0.785 0.606
systems can be shown compliance under the International Building Code via
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763 testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI
36 1.250 58 36 1.227 0.969 standard ACI 355.4. PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors derived from AC193/
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160 ACI 355.2 or AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor. The
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500 element” and “brittle steel element”, as determined by the product testing and
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142
material properties for a specific anchor element.
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226
55 0.750 75 55 0.442 0.334
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462 Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606 information on the following parameters:
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969 Vsa: Nominal steel strength in tension
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160
55 1.500 75 55 1.767 1.410
ϕVsa: Design steel strength in tension
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900 ϕ nonductile: Seismic strength reduction factor
55 2.000 75 55 3.142 2.500
105 0.500 125 105 0.196 0.142
105 0.625 125 105 0.307 0.226
105 0.750 125 105 0.442 0.334
105 0.875 125 105 0.601 0.462
105 1.000 125 105 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 105 1.125 125 105 0.994 0.763
105 1.250 125 105 1.227 0.969
105 1.375 125 105 1.485 1.160
105 1.500 125 105 1.767 1.410
105 1.750 125 105 2.405 1.900
105 2.000 125 105 3.142 2.500


Grade or diameter f ya futa elongation reduction of area

Bolt Type
Type (in) (psi) (psi) (min) (min)
ASW D1.1 B 1/2 – 1 51,000 65,000 20% 50%
36 ≤2 36,000 58,000 23% 40%
ASTM F1554 ≤2 55,000 75,000 21% 30%
105 ≤2 105,000 125,000 15% 45%
Excerpt of mechanical anchor ICC-ESR showing (ϕ-factors) for steel failure in shear.
Design Nominal anchor diameter (in.)
Symbol Units
information 3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4
Effective min.
hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
Strength reduction factor ϕ
0.65
for shear, steel failure modes
Excerpt of adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing (ϕ-factors) for steel failure in shear.
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
Nominal strength as
Vsa lb - 4940 7865 11,640 16,070 21,080 33,725
ASTM F1554 Gr. 36

α V,seis - 0.60
shear

ϕ - 0.65
for shear

Results ϕeb
ϕeb 17.5.1.1 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear as governed by steel, Vsa , shall be evaluated ACI 318-14 Section 17.5.1.2 contains provisions for calculating the nominal steel
by calculations based on the properties of the anchor material and the physical dimensions of strength of an anchor in shear (Vsa). Section 17.5.1.3 requires the value for Vsa
the anchor. Where concrete breakout is a potential failure mode, the required steel shear strength to be multiplied by a 0.80 reduction factor if the anchor application consists of a
shall be consistent with the assumed breakout surface. grouted stand-off. This reduction factor is only relevant with respect to ACI 318
anchoring-to-concrete provisions when a grouted stand-off is being designed,
17.5.1.2 The nominal strength of an anchor in shear, Vsa , shall not exceed (a) through (c): i.e., no guidance or provisions are given in ACI 318 for stand-off applications that
(a) For cast-in headed stud anchor are not grouted. PROFIS Engineering designates this 0.8-factor “ϕeb ”.
Vsa = A se,V futa (17.5.1.2a) PROFIS Engineering also includes functionality to consider anchor bending when
modelling non-grouted stand-offs subject to shear load. This functionality is
where A se,V is the effective cross-sectional area of an anchor in shear, in. 2, and f uta shall not be explained in the Design Guide section for “steel failure with lever arm”.
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi.
(b) F
or cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed anchors where information on the parameters ϕVsa and ϕVsa,eq.
sleeves do not extend through the shear plane
Vsa = 0.6 A se,V futa (17.5.1.2b)
taken greater than the smaller of 1.9fya and 125,000 psi.
(c) F
or post-installed anchors where sleeves extend through the shear plane, Vsa shall be based
on the results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. Alternatively, Eq.
(17.5.1.2b) shall be permitted to be used.
17.5.1.3 Where anchors are used with built-up grout pads, the nominal strengths of 17.5.1.2 shall
be multiplied by a factor 0.80.

ϕnonductile ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.5.3 ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for steel failure in shear require calculation
of a nominal steel strength (Vsa). The nominal strength is multiplied by a strength
17.2.3.5.3 Anchors and their attachments shall be designed using one of options (a) through (c): reduction factor (ϕ-factor) to obtain a design strength (ϕVsa). Unlike the provisions
(a) T
he anchor or group of anchors shall be designed for the maximum shear that can be given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3.4.4 for seismic tension loading, which require
transmitted to the anchor or group of anchors based on the development of a ductile an additional 0.75 reduction factor to be applied to non-steel tension design
yield mechanism in the attachment in flexure, shear, or bearing, or a combination of those strengths; ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions for shear loading do not
conditions, and considering both material overstrength and strain hardening effects in the require this 0.75 reduction factor to be applied to any shear design strength when
attachment. designing an anchorage subject to seismic loading in shear.
(b) The
anchor or group of anchors shall be designed for the maximum shear that can be The parameter “ϕ nonductile” is a reduction factor for seismic load conditions that
transmitted to the anchors by a non-yielding attachment. is given in Part D.3.3.6 of the anchoring-to-concrete provisions in ACI 318-08
(c) The
anchor or group of anchors shall be designed for the maximum shear obtained from on the application, and PROFIS Engineering designates this factor “ϕ nonductile”.
design load combinations that include E, with E increased by Ω 0 . The anchor design shear
strength shall satisfy the shear strength requirements of 17.3.1.1. “ϕnonductile” is not a relevant parameter for seismic design per ACI 318-14 Chapter
17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design 14 calculations as equal to 1.0.
sustained tensile loading. Reference the PROFIS Engineering Design Guide for ACI 318-08 anchoring-to-
Excerpt from ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1 showing provisions for shear calculations.
Anchor Group
Anchors as a group
a group
Steel strength in shear
ϕsteel Vsa ≥ Vua ϕsteel Vsa ≥ Vua,i
(17.5.1)
Concrete breakout strength in shear
ϕconcrete Vcb ≥ Vua ϕconcrete Vcbg ≥ Vua,g
(17.5.2)
Concrete pryout strength in shear
ϕ concrete Vcp ≥ Vua ϕconcrete Vcng ≥ Vua,g
(17.5.3)
ACI 318-08 Part D.3.3.6

Results ϕVsa
ϕVsa 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for anchors in shear check a calculated
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to design strength (ϕV N) against a factored shear load (Vua). The parameter “design
sustained tensile loading. strength” is defined as the product of a “nominal strength” (V N) and one or more
strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors). If ϕV N ≥ Vua for all relevant shear failure
Excerpt from ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1 showing provisions for shear calculations. modes, the ACI 318-14 shear provisions are satisfied. When designing with ACI
318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions, nominal steel strength in shear (Vsa)
is always calculated for a single anchor, and multiplied by the ϕ-factor for steel
failure.
Anchor Group
Individual anchor in For applications consisting of only one anchor in shear, the design strength (ϕVsa)
Anchors as a group is checked against the shear load acting on that anchor (Vua). If ϕVsa ≥ Vua , the ACI
a group
318-14 provisions for steel failure in shear are satisfied.
(17.5.1)
If an application consists of a group of anchors in shear, Vsa is calculated for
Concrete breakout strength in shear a single anchor, and the design strength (ϕVsa) is checked against the highest
(17.5.2) individual loaded anchor in shear (Vua,i). If ϕVsa ≥ Vua,i, the ACI 318-14 provisions
for steel failure in shear are satisfied. The PROFIS Engineering report section for
(17.5.3) steel failure in shear uses the generic designation “Vua” to reference either the only
shear load acting on an anchor in shear, or the highest shear load acting on an
individual anchor within an anchor group in shear.
Table 17.3.1.1
Failure Mode Single Anchor Individual Anchor in a Group PROFIS Engineering designates the strength reduction factor for steel failure
Steel Strength in Shear ϕ Vsa ≥ Vua ϕ Vsa ≥ Vua,i ϕ steel. When modeling an anchor element in PROFIS Engineering using ACI 318-14
provisions, the calculated design steel strength in shear for static load conditions
equals ϕ steel Vsa; however, if a grouted standoff is being modeled, an additional
reduction factor (= 0.80) is applied to the nominal steel strength per Section
17.5.1.3. PROFIS Engineering designates this reduction factor “ϕ eb ” and shows it
in the Results section of the report. The calculated design steel strength in shear
for static load conditions and a grouted stand-off equals ϕsteel ϕ eb Vsa
information on:
ϕVsa: Design steel strength in shear.
ϕeb: Strength reduction factor for grouted standoffs
Vsa: Nominal steel strength in shear (static load conditions)
of the PROFIS Engineering report

Results ϕVsa,eq
ϕVsa,eq 17.2.3.5.3 Anchors and their attachments shall be designed using one of options (a) through (c): ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for anchors in shear check a calculated
design strength (ϕV N) against a factored shear load (Vua). When designing with
(a) T
he anchor or group of anchors shall be designed for the maximum shear that can be ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions, nominal steel strength in shear
transmitted to the anchor or group of anchors based on the development of a ductile (Vsa) is always calculated for a single anchor, and multiplied by the ϕ-factor
yield mechanism in the attachment in flexure, shear, or bearing, or a combination of those for steel failure. If the anchorage design is based on seismic load conditions,
conditions, and considering both material overstrength and strain hardening effects in the PROFIS Engineering designates “Vsa” as “Vsa,eq” because Vsa -values for some
attachment. post-installed anchors in the PROFIS Engineering portfolio are specific to seismic
(b) T
he anchor or group of anchors shall be designed for the maximum shear that can be loading.
transmitted to the anchors by a non-yielding attachment. For applications consisting of only one anchor in shear, the design strength
(c) T
he anchor or group of anchors shall be designed for the maximum shear obtained from (ϕVsa,eq) is checked against the shear load acting on that anchor (Vua). If an
design load combinations that include E, with E increased by Ω 0 . The anchor design shear application consists of a group of anchors in shear, Vsa,eq is calculated for a single
strength shall satisfy the shear strength requirements of 17.3.1.1. anchor, and the design strength (ϕVsa,eq) is checked against the highest individual
loaded anchor in shear (Vua,i). The PROFIS Engineering report section for steel
17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design failure in shear uses the generic designation “Vua” to reference either the only
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to shear load acting on an anchor in shear, or the highest shear load acting on an
sustained tensile loading. individual anchor within an anchor group in shear.
Excerpt from ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1 showing provisions for shear calculations. PROFIS Engineering designates the strength reduction factor for steel failure
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 reduction factor corresponding to brittle failure modes. Design steel strengths
calculated for a brittle steel anchor element using ACI 318-08 seismic provisions
Anchor Group include an additional strength reduction factor, which PROFIS Engineering
Individual anchor in designates “ϕ nonductile”. Since ϕnonductile is only relevant to seismic calculations with
Anchors as a group ACI 318-08 provisions, PROFIS Engineering shows “ϕ nonductile” equal to 1.0 in the
a group
(17.5.1)
When modeling an anchor element in PROFIS Engineering for a grouted standoff,
Concrete breakout strength in shear an additional reduction factor (= 0.80) is applied to the nominal steel strength per
(17.5.2) Section 17.5.1.3. PROFIS Engineering designates this parameter “ϕeb ” and shows
it in the Results section of the report. The calculated design steel strength in
(17.5.3) shear for seismic load conditions and a grouted stand-off equals ϕsteel ϕ eb Vsa,eq
Failure Mode Single Anchor Individual Anchor in a Group ϕ steel: Strength reduction factor for steel failure
Steel Strength in Shear ϕ V Vsa,eq ≥ Vua ϕ V Vsa,eq ≥ Vua,i ϕeb: Strength reduction factor for grouted standoffs
ϕnonductile: Seismic strength reduction factor
Vsa,eq: Nominal steel strength in shear (seismic load conditions)

Results Vua
Vua 17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for steel failure in shear require calculation
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to of a nominal steel strength (Vsa). The nominal strength is multiplied by a strength
sustained tensile loading. reduction factor (ϕ-factor) to obtain a design strength (ϕVsa).
Excerpt from ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1 showing provisions for shear calculations. Design strength is checked against a factored shear load, defined by the
parameter “Vua”. Chapter 2 in ACI 318-14 gives the following definitions for the
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 factored shear load parameter “Vua”.
• Vua = factored shear force applied to single anchor or group of anchors (lb)
Anchor Group
Failure Mode Single Anchor •V
ua,i = factored shear force applied to most highly stressed anchor in a group
Anchors as a group of anchors (lb)
a group
(17.5.1)
The design steel strength for a single anchor in shear (ϕVsa) calculated per Section
Concrete breakout strength in shear 17.5.1 is checked against the factored shear load acting on the anchor, which is
(17.5.2) designated “Vua” in Table 17.3.1.1. If ϕVsa ≥ Vua , the provisions for considering steel
failure in shear have been satisfied per Table 17.3.1.1.
(17.5.3)
If an application consists of a group of anchors in shear, Vsa is calculated for
a single anchor, and the design strength (ϕVsa) is checked against the highest
individually loaded anchor in shear, which is designated “Vua,i ” in Table 17.3.1.1. If
ϕVsa ≥ Vua,i, the provisions for considering steel failure in shear have been satisfied
per Table 17.3.1.1.
The PROFIS Engineering report section for steel failure in shear uses the generic
designation “Vua” to reference either the only shear load acting on an anchor in
shear, or the highest shear load acting on an individual anchor within an anchor
group in shear. The PROFIS Engineering Load Engine permits users to input
service loads that will then be factored per IBC factored load equations. Users
can also import factored load combinations via a spreadsheet, or input factored
load combinations directly on the main screen. PROFIS Engineering users are
responsible for inputting shear loads. The software only performs shear load
checks per Table 17.3.1.1 if shear loads have been input via one of the load input
functionalities.

parameter ϕVsa , and checks this value against either (a) the factored shear load
acting on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input via the
Load Engine, (b) the factored shear load acting on the anchor, which has been
calculated using the loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the factored shear
matrix on the main screen. The value for Vua shown in the report corresponds to
the factored shear load determined to be acting on the anchor.
If a group of anchors in shear is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates

the parameter ϕVsa , and checks this value against either (a) the total factored
shear load acting on the anchor group, which has been calculated using the loads
input via the Load Engine, (b) the total factored shear load acting on the anchor
group, which has been calculated using the loads imported from a spreadsheet
or (c) the total factored shear load acting on the anchor group, which has been
calculated using the loads input in the matrix on the main screen. The value for Vua
shown in the report corresponds to the total factored shear load determined to be
acting on the anchor group.

report for more information on the parameter ϕVsa .

PART 4 SHEAR LOAD Stand-off Failure Mode
Equations VsM
Equations 318-14 Chapter 17 Provision Comments for PROFIS Engineering
ETAG 001 bending equation for stand-off Shear load acting on anchors installed with standoff creates bending in the
α MM s
VsM = anchors. Other than for a grouted standoff, ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete
Lb αMMRk,s provisions do not consider anchor bending with respect to standoff conditions;
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ however, bending could be a controlling shear failure mode. Provisions for
considering anchor bending are given in European publications such as a
5.2.3.2 Steel failure European Technical Approval Guideline (ETAG) published by the European
Organization for Technical Approvals (EOTA). ETAG 001 Metal Anchors for Use
b) Shear load with lever arm
in Concrete Annex C: Design Methods for Anchorages includes provisions for
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, V Rk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). calculating a shear resistance (strength) that results from internal anchor bending.
PROFIS Engineering uses the ETAG 001 Annex C provisions to consider bolt
αMMRk,s bending as a possible shear failure mode. These provisions can be summarized
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
l as follows:
If a standoff condition exists for an anchorage, an applied shear load can

where
create bending in the anchors. An internal bending resistance (M 0Rk,s) can
α M = see 4.2.2.4 be calculated using the material properties of the anchor element. M 0Rk,s is
designated M 0s in PROFIS Engineering. M 0Rk,s can be reduced by a factor
ℓ = lever arm according to Equation (4.2) (1 – N sd/N Rd,s) if tension load also acts on the anchors to give a design bending
resistance (M Rk,s), which is designated M s in PROFIS Engineering. The
M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 - N sd/N Rd,s) [N m] (5.5a)
parameter N1 corresponds to the highest “design” tension load acting on an
The figures below illustrate ETAG 001 design assumptions with respect to bolt bending. PROFIS individual anchor in the anchorage (designated N ua in PROFIS Engineering), and
Engineering nomenclature for ACI 318 calculations is used in the illustrations. the parameter N Rd,s corresponds to the calculated steel resistance for a single
anchor in tension (designated ϕN sa in PROFIS Engineering). The parameter
Shear load acts on an anchorage having standoff. “α M” corresponds to the amount of rotational restraint the fixture is capable of
undergoing; and the parameter “l ” (Lb in PROFIS Engineering) corresponds to
the “lever arm”, which ETAG 001 Annex C defines as the distance from where
the shear load is assumed to act, to the “point of fixity” in the concrete where
the internal bending moment is assumed to act.
The design shear resistance (V Rk,s) can be calculated per Equation (5.5) using
α M , M Rk,s and ℓ . PROFIS Engineering calculates a design shear strength using
α M , M s and Lb. This design strength (designated ϕVsM) is checked against the
highest factored shear load acting on an individual anchor in the anchorage
(Vua). Reference the figures to the left.
PROFIS Engineering calculation.
information on the following PROFIS Engineering parameters. The corresponding
ETAG 001 Annex C parameters are noted below in parenthesis.
α MM s
ϕVsM = ϕ M s (M Rk,s): Resultant flexural resistance of the anchor
Lb
Lb (ℓ): Internal lever arm adjusted for spalling of the surface concrete
following PROFIS Engineering parameters:
α M (α M): Rotational restraint modification factor
Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the following
PROFIS Engineering parameters. The corresponding ETAG 001 Annex C
parameter is noted below in parenthesis.
VsM : Nominal shear strength for bending
ϕVsM (V Rk,s): Design shear strength (resistance) for bending

Equations Ms = M0s
ETAG 001 resultant flexural resistance of anchor PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
Nau
Ms = M 0s 1 – Guideline (ETAG) titled ETAG 001 Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete Annex C:
MRk,s = M0Rk,s (1 ‒ NSd/NRd,s) [Nm] (5.5a) Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible shear
ϕNsa
5.2.3.2 Steel failure failure mode.
b) Shear load with lever arm The ETAG 001 parameter M 0Rk,s corresponds to a calculated internal
“characteristic bending resistance” for the anchor element. This parameter
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, V Rk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). is designated M 0s in PROFIS Engineering. The ETAG 001 parameter M Rk,s
αMMRk,s corresponds to a calculated internal “characteristic bending resistance” that is
VRk,s = [N] (5.5) modified to account for both tension and shear load acting on the anchor element.
ℓ If only a shear load acts on the anchor, M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s . If both tension and shear
where load act on the anchor, ETAG 001 provisions require a reduction factor
α M = see 4.2.2.4 (1 – N sd/N Rd,s) to be applied to M 0Rk,s to obtain M Rk,s . Therefore, if tension and
shear act on the anchor, M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 – N sd/N Rd,s) per ETAG 001 Equation (5.5a).
ℓ = lever arm according to Equation (4.2)
PROFIS Engineering designates the parameter corresponding to M Rk,s as “M s”.
M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 - N Sd/N Rd,s) [Nm] (5.5a)
The parameters “N sd ” and “N Rd,s” in the ETAG 001 reduction factor (1 – N sd/N Rd,s)
N Rd,s = N Rk,s / γMs
correspond to the “design steel tension force” and the “design resistance steel
N Rk,s , γMs to be taken from the relevant ETA force”, respectively. This reduction factor is designated (1 – N ua /ϕN sa) in PROFIS
M 0Rk,s = 1.2 Wel f uk [Nm] (5.5b) Engineering, where “N ua” corresponds to the highest factored tension load acting
on an individual anchor and “ϕN sa” corresponds to the calculated steel design
The figures below illustrate ETAG 001 design assumptions with respect to bolt bending. PROFIS strength in tension for a single anchor. When both tension load and shear load act
Engineering nomenclature for ACI 318 calculations is used in the illustrations. on an anchor with standoff, PROFIS Engineering calculates the internal bending
resistance for the anchor as follows:
Shear and tension load act on an anchorage with standoff.
ϕM s = M 0s (1 – N ua /ϕN sa).
The ETAG 001 parameter M Rk,s is defined by Equation (5.5b) as shown to the left.
0
The parameter Wel corresponds to the “elastic section modulus” of the anchor
element, and the parameter f uk corresponds to the “characteristic ultimate tensile
strength” of the anchor element.
When performing bolt bending calculations, PROFIS Engineering designates

the elastic section modulus for the anchor element “S” and the ultimate tensile
strength for the anchor element “f u,min”, where “f u,min” corresponds to the
“minimum specified ultimate tensile strength” of the anchor element. The PROFIS
Engineering report defines the parameter “M 0s” using the following equation:
PROFIS Engineering calculation. M 0s = (1.2) (S) (f u,min).
α MM s Reference the Equations section of the report for more information on the
ϕVsM = ϕ following PROFIS Engineering parameters.
Lb
M 0s : Characteristic flexural resistance of the anchor
(1 – N ua /ϕN sa): Reduction factor for tension load
N ua: Factored tension load
following PROFIS Engineering parameters.
M 0s : Characteristic flexural resistance of the anchor
(1 – N ua /ϕN sa): Reduction factor for tension load
M s : Resultant flexural resistance of the anchor

Equations M0s = (1.2) (S) (fu,min)

M s = (1.2) (S) (fu,min)

0
ETAG 001 characteristic flexural resistance of anchor PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
Guideline (ETAG) titled ETAG 001 Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete Annex C:
M 0Rk,s = 1.2Wel fu,k [Nm] (5.5b) Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible shear
b) Shear load with lever arm The ETAG 001 parameter M 0Rk,s is defined by Equation (5.5b) as shown to the left.
element, and the parameter f uk corresponds to the “characteristic ultimate tensile
strength” of the anchor element.
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, V Rk,s , is given by
When performing bolt bending calculations, PROFIS Engineering designates
Equation (5.5). the elastic section modulus for the anchor element “S” and the ultimate tensile
αMMRk,s strength for the anchor element “f u,min”, where “fu,min” corresponds to the
VRk,s = [N] (5.5) “minimum specified ultimate tensile strength” of the anchor element. The PROFIS
ℓ Engineering report designates the ETAG 001 parameter “M 0Rk,s” as “M 0s”. Using
the PROFIS Engineering nomenclature, ETAG 001 Equation (5.5b) can be written
where
as follows:
α M = see 4.2.2.4
M 0s = (1.2) (S) (f u,min) modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5b).
M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 - N Sd/N Rd,s) [Nm] (5.5a) PROFIS Engineering uses this equation to calculate M 0s for all of the cast in and
post-installed anchors in its portfolio.
N Rk,s , γMs to be taken from the relevant ETA Reference the Equations section of the report for more information on the
following PROFIS Engineering parameter.
M 0
Rk,s
= characteristic bending resistance of an individual anchor
S: Elastic section modulus of the anchor element
The characteristic bending resistance M 0Rk,s is given in the relevant ETA.
The value of M 0Rk,s for anchors according to current experience is obtained from Equation (5.5b). following PROFIS Engineering parameter:
M 0Rk,s = 1.2Wel fu,k [Nm] (5.5b) fu,min: Minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of the anchor element
Equation (5.5b) may be used only if the anchor has not a significantly reduced section along the
length of the bolt.

N ua
1‒
Equations ϕN sa
ETAG 001 reduction for tensile force acting simultaneously with a shear force on the anchor PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
Nua
1‒ (1 ‒ NSd/NRd,s) Guideline (ETAG) titled ETAG 001 Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete Annex C:
ϕNsa Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible shear
resultant flexural resistance of anchor failure mode.
MRk,s = M0Rk,s (1 ‒ NSd/NRd,s) [Nm] (5.5a) The ETAG 001 parameter M 0Rk,s corresponds to a calculated internal
5.2.3.2 Steel failure “characteristic bending resistance” for the anchor element. This parameter
is designated M 0s in PROFIS Engineering. The ETAG 001 parameter M Rk,s
b) Shear load with lever arm corresponds to a calculated internal “characteristic bending resistance” that is
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, VRk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). modified to account for both tension and shear load acting on the anchor element.
If only a shear load acts on the anchor, M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s . If both tension and shear
αMMRk,s load act on the anchor, ETAG 001 provisions require a reduction factor
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ (1 – N sd/N Rd,s) to be applied to M 0Rk,s to obtain M Rk,s . Therefore, if tension and
shear act on the anchor, M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 – N sd/N Rd,s) per ETAG 001 Equation (5.5a).
where PROFIS Engineering designates the parameter corresponding to M Rk,s as “M s”.
α M = see 4.2.2.4
The parameters “N sd ” and “N Rd,s” in the ETAG 001 reduction factor (1 – N sd/N Rd,s)
ℓ = lever arm according to Equation (4.2) correspond to the “design steel tension force” and the “design resistance steel
M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 - N Sd/N Rd,s) [Nm] (5.5a) force”, respectively. This reduction factor is designated (1 – N ua /ϕN sa) in PROFIS
Engineering, where “N ua” corresponds to the highest factored tension load acting
on an individual anchor and “ϕN sa” corresponds to the calculated steel design
N Rk,s , γMs to be taken from the relevant ETA strength in tension for a single anchor. When both tension load and shear load act
on an anchor with standoff, PROFIS Engineering calculates the internal bending
The figures below illustrate ETAG 001 design assumptions with respect to bolt bending. PROFIS
resistance for the anchor as follows:
Engineering nomenclature for ACI 318 calculations is used in the illustrations.
M s = M 0s (1 – N ua /ϕN sa).
N ua: Factored tension load
PROFIS Engineering calculation.

α MM s
ϕVsM = ϕ
Lb

π (d) 3
S=
Equations 32
2.3 Concrete and steel PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
π (d)3
S= Guideline (ETAG) titled ETAG 001 Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete Annex C:
Wel = elastic section modulus calculated from the stressed cross section of steel Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible shear
32
(πd 3/32 for a round section with diameter d) failure mode.
The ETAG 001 parameter M 0Rk,s corresponding to the “characteristic bending

characteristic flexural resistance of anchor resistance” of the anchor is defined by Equation (5.5b) as shown to the left.
5.2.3.2 Steel failure element. The PROFIS Engineering report designates the parameter “M 0Rk,s”
as “M 0s” and the elastic section modulus for the anchor element as “S”.
b) Shear load with lever arm The “characteristic bending resistance” of the anchor is defined in PROFIS
The characteristic bending resistance M 0Rk,s is given in the relevant ETA. Engineering by the equation:
The value of M 0Rk,s for anchors according to current experience is obtained from Equation (5.5b). M 0s = (1.2) (S) (f u,min)
M 0Rk,s = 1.2Wel fu,k [Nm] (5.5b) where “f u,min” corresponds to the “minimum specified ultimate tensile strength” of
the anchor element. PROFIS Engineering uses this equation to calculate M 0s for all
Equation (5.5b) may be used only if the anchor has not a significantly reduced section along the of the cast in and post-installed anchors in its portfolio.
length of the bolt.
PROFIS Engineering calculates the section modulus (S) as follows:
cast-in anchor
5.2.3.2 Steel failure
S = [(π) (d minor) 3]/32
post-installed anchor
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, V Rk,s , is given by Equation (5.5).
calculate d using the tensile stress area of the anchor element (A se).
αMMRk,s Values for A se are given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor product.
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ
d Ase = [(4)(A se)/ π ] 0.5
where
S = [(π) (d Ase) 3]/32
α M = see 4.2.2.4
information on the following PROFIS Engineering parameter.
M Rk,s = M 0
Rk,s
(1 - N Sd/N Rd,s) [Nm] (5.5a)
M 0s: Characteristic flexural resistance of the anchor element
N Rd,s = NRk,s / γMs
N Rk,s , γMs to be taken from the relevant ETA
M 0Rk,s = characteristic bending resistance of an individual anchor

Equations Lb = z + (n)(d 0)
Lb = z + (n)(d 0) 4.2.2.4 Shear loads with lever arm PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
If the conditions a) and b) of 4.2.2.3 are not fulfilled the lever arm is calculated according to Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible shear
Equation (4.2) failure mode. The parameter “ℓ ” in ETAG 001 Equation (4.2) is designated “Lb ” in
(see Figure 4.8) PROFIS Engineering. “Lb ” corresponds to the “lever arm”, i.e. distance from where
the shear resistance V Rk,s (ϕVsM in PROFIS Engineering) acts, to the “point of
ℓ = a3 + e1 (4.2) fixity” where the internal bending moment M Rk,s (M s in PROFIS Engineering) acts.
with Bending develops within the anchor element when a shear load V (Vua in PROFIS
e1 = distance between shear load and concrete surface Engineering) acts on a fixture having stand-off. ETAG 001 Equation (5.5) can be
modified as follows using PROFIS Engineering nomenclature:
a 3 = 0.5d
nominal shear strength (resistance): VsM = α MM s/Lb
a 3 = 0 if a washer and a nut are directly clamped to the concrete surface (see Figure 4.8b)
design shear strength (resistance): ϕVsM = ϕ [α MM s/Lb]
d = nominal diameter of the anchor bolt or thread diameter (see Figure 4.8a)
design check: ϕVsM ≥ Vua
Mechanical and adhesive anchors are installed into a hole drilled in concrete.
When the anchor is subjected to bending, local concrete spalling can occur if it
comes in contact with the side of the drilled hole. ETAG 001 provisions assume
this spalling occurs at the surface of the concrete to a depth of one half the
nominal anchor diameter. This depth is defined as “a 3” in ETAG 001 Equation (4.2),
and as “(n)(d 0)” in PROFIS Engineering. The value for “n” in PROFIS Engineering
depends on whether “stand-off without clamping”, “stand-off with clamping” or
“stand-off with grouting” is selected.
PROFIS Engineering assumes Vua and ϕVsM act at the center of the fixture
thickness. The distance from where Vua and ϕVsM act to the surface of the
concrete is defined as the parameter “e1” in ETAG 001 Equation (4.2), and as “z” in
PROFIS Engineering.
ETAG 001 Annex C: Figure 4.8 Definition of lever arm PROFIS Engineering stand-off calculations: without clamping and with
grouting
t plate = plate or fixture thickness z = standoff + 0.5 (tplate)
4.2.2.3 Shear loads without lever arm
n = 0.5 Lb = z + (0.5)(d 0)
Shear loads acting on anchors may be assumed to act without lever arm if both of the following d 0 = nominal anchor diameter
conditions are fulfilled:
When “stand-off without clamping” or “stand-off with grouting” are selected in
a) The fixture shall be made of metal and in the area of the anchorage be fixed directly to the PROFIS Engineering, (n)(d 0) = (0.5)(d 0) and Lb = z + (0.5)(d 0). Adhesive anchors
concrete either without an intermediate layer or with a levelling layer of mortar (compression and cast-in anchors can be modeled in PROFIS Engineering when “stand-off
strength ≥ 30 N/mm2) with a thickness ≤ d/2. without clamping” is selected. Expansion anchors cannot be modeled for this
b) T
he fixture shall be in contact with the anchor over its entire thickness. condition.
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, V Rk,s , is given by Equation (5.5).
αMMRk,s
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ
where
α M = see 4.2.2.4
M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 - N sd/N Rd,s) [Nm] (5.5a)
Equations Lb = z + (n)(d 0) (continued)

Lb = z + (n)(d 0) PROFIS Engineering calculations for stand-off with clamping

t plate = plate or fixture thickness z = standoff + 0.5 (t plate)
Lb = z
Torque-controlled expansion anchors must be torqued via a nut/washer assembly

at the concrete surface. If clamping via a nut/washer assembly occurs, there
will be no local spalling at the concrete surface when the anchor is subjected
to bending; therefore, n equals 0. When “stand-off with clamping” is selected
in PROFIS Engineering, (n)(d 0) = 0 and L b = z. For a non-grouted stand-off,
expansion anchors must be modeled in PROFIS Engineering for “stand-off with
clamping”.
following PROFIS Engineering parameters z, n and d 0 .

Equations ϕVsM ≥ Vua

ϕVs ≥ Vua
M
17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to Guideline (ETAG) titled ETAG 001 Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete Annex C:
sustained tensile loading. Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible shear
failure mode. ACI 318-14 strength design provisions for shear check a calculated
Table 17.3.1.1 design strength (ϕVN) against a factored shear load (Vua). The parameter “design
Failure Mode Single Anchor Individual Anchor in a Group strength” is defined as the product of a “nominal strength” (VN) and one or more
Steel Strength in Shear ϕ Vsa ≥ Vua ϕ Vsa ≥ Vua,i strength reduction factors (ϕ-factors). If ϕVN ≥ Vua for all relevant shear failure
modes, the ACI 318-14 shear provisions are satisfied.
PROFIS Engineering calculates a nominal steel strength (VsM) corresponding

ETAG 001 ANNEX C PROVISIONS FOR BENDING to the shear resistance in an anchor element when it is subjected to bending.
PROFIS Engineering always calculates VsM for a single anchor. If an application
5.2.3.2 Steel failure consists of a group of anchors in shear, VsM is calculated for a single anchor, and
b) Shear load with lever arm the design strength (ϕVsM) is checked against the highest loaded anchor in shear.
The nominal steel strength (VsM) is calculated using ETAG 001 provisions, and the
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, V Rk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). design steel strength (ϕVsM) is calculated based on ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.1.1.
αMMRk,s ϕ steel. When modeling cast-in anchors, PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.2.3 (a) for the ϕ steel value. When modeling post-
installed anchors, PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors given in the anchor
where ICC-ESR for the ϕ steel value.
α M = see 4.2.2.4 Reference the Results section of the PROFIS Engineering report for information
ℓ = lever arm according to Equation (4.2) on:
M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 - N sd/N Rd,s) [Nm] (5.5a) VsM: Nominal steel strength in shear for bending
ϕVsM: Design steel strength in shear for bending
ETAG 001 Equation (5.5) can be modified as follows using PROFIS Engineering nomenclature:
nominal shear strength (resistance): VsM = α MM s/Lb
design shear strength (resistance): ϕVsM = ϕ [α MM s/Lb]
design check: ϕVsM ≥ Vua of the PROFIS Engineering report.

Variables αM
αM 4.2.2.4 Steel failure PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
The value α M depends on the degree of restraint of the anchor at the side of the fixture of the Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible shear
application in question and shall be judged according to good engineering practice. failure mode. The ETAG 001 parameter “α M” is used to account for “rotational
No restraint (α M = 1.0) shall be assumed if the fixture can rotate freely (see Figure 4.9a). This restraint”, corresponding to the amount or rotation a fixture can undergo when
assumption is always conservative. stand-off exists.
Full restraint (α M = 2.0) may be assumed only if the fixture cannot rotate (see Figure 4.9b) and the ETAG 001 Equation (5.5) defines a calculated shear resistance (VRk,s) in an anchor
hole clearance in the fixture is smaller than the values given in Table 4.1 or the anchor is clamped element subjected to bending. When a shear load (V) is applied to a fixture with
to the fixture by nut and washer (see Figure 4.8). If restraint of the anchor is assumed the fixture stand-off, an internal bending resistance, designated “M Rk,s” in Equation (5.5),
shall be able to take up the restraint moment. develops in the anchor. M Rk,s is an internal bending moment that is calculated
using the material properties of the anchor element. Equation (5.5) defines M Rk,s in
terms of shear resistance (VRk,s), a moment arm (ℓ), and fixture rotational restraint
(α M). Knowing M Rk,s , ℓ, and α M; Equation (5.5) permits calculation of a shear
resistance (VRk,s) that can be checked against the shear load (V) acting on the
fixture. The internal bending resistance for the anchor element is influenced by the
amount of fixture rotational restraint (α M).
If no fixture rotational restraint exists, the fixture can rotate freely. PROFIS
Engineering defaults to an α M -value = 1.0 when the “stand-off without clamping”
option is selected.
ETAG 001 Annex C: Figure 4.9 Fixture without (a) and with (b) restraint
external diameter (of anchor)

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 27 30
d (1) or d nom(2) (mm)
diameter d f of clearance hole in
7 9 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 30 33
the fixture (mm)
(1) if bolt bears against the fixture
(2) if sleeve bears against the fixture
ETAG 001 Annex C: Table 4.1 Diameter of clearance hole in the fixture
ETAG 001 Annex C: Figure 4.8 Definition of lever arm

Variables αM (continued)
αM 5.2.3.2 Steel failure If full fixture rotational restraint exists, the fixture cannot rotate freely. PROFIS
b) Shear load with lever arm Engineering defaults an α M -value = 2.0 when the “stand-off with grouting” option
is selected.
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, VRk,s , is given by Equation (5.5).
αMMRk,s
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ
where
α M = see 4.2.2.4
M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 - N Sd /N Rd,s) [Nm] (5.5a)
PROFIS Engineering modifies ETAG 001 Equation (5.5) to use the following nomenclature:
α MM s
ϕVsM = ϕ
Lb
where: “ ϕVs ” corresponds to “VRk,s ”

M
“M s” corresponds to “M Rk,s”
“L b ” corresponds to “ℓ” Utilizing a nut/washer assembly to permit proper torqueing of an anchor
“ϕ” is a strength reduction factor for steel failure (reference ETAG 001 Figure 4.8b) should not automatically be assumed to provide
any rotational restraint. PROFIS Engineering defaults to an α M -value = 1.0 when
the “stand-off with clamping” option is selected.
Likewise, per ETAG 001 Section 4.2.2.4 and Table 4.1, full rotational restraint
should not be assumed if the hole clearance between the anchor element and
fixture is significant.
PROFIS Engineering users can input any α M -value between 1.0 (no rotational
restraint) and 2.0 (full rotational restraint) corresponding to the amount of fixture
rotational restraint that exists for their stand-off application.
following PROFIS Engineering parameters.
M s : Internal bending resistance
L b: Internal lever arm
PROFIS Engineering parameters.
VsM : Nominal shear strength for bending
ϕVsM : Nominal shear strength for bending

Variables fu,min
fu,min 5.2.3.2 Steel failure PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
b) Shear load with lever arm Guideline (ETAG) titled ETAG 001 Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete Annex
C: Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible
The characteristic bending resistance M 0Rk,s is given in the relevant ETA. shear failure mode. The parameter “fu,k ” in ETAG 001 Equation (5.5) is defined
The value of M 0Rk,s for anchors according to current experience is obtained from Equation (5.5b). as the “characteristic steel ultimate tensile strength”, and is used to calculate
the “characteristic bending resistance” (M 0Rk,s) of an anchor element. PROFIS
M 0Rk,s = 1.2Wel fu,k [Nm] (5.5b) Engineering designates M 0Rk,s as “M 0s”, and the elastic section modulus “Wel ” as
“S”.
length of the bolt. PROFIS Engineering calculates M 0s using the following equation:
M 0s = (1.2)(S)(fu,min)
PROFIS Engineering cast-in anchor portfolio values for futa . where by the parameter “fu,min” corresponds to the minimum specified ultimate
tensile strength of the anchor element. The parameter “fu,min” can also be
expressed as “futa”. Minimum specified ultimate tensile strength values for the
MATERIAL GRADE
GROSS AREA
EFFECTIVE PROFIS Engineering cast-in anchor portfolio are shown to the left as “futa”. For
(in) (ksi) (ksi)
(in2)
(in2) the post-installed anchors in its portfolio, PROFIS Engineering uses the minimum
B 0.500 65 51 0.196 specified ultimate tensile strength values given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor
AWS D1.1
B 0.625 65 51 0.307 element that has been selected. Examples of post-installed anchor minimum
B 0.750 65 51 0.442
B 0.875 65 51 0.601 specified ultimate tensile strength values are shown to the left as futa-values.
36 0.500 58 36 0.196 0.142
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226 Reference the Equations section of the report for more information on the
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334 following PROFIS Engineering parameters:
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462
36 1.000 58 36 0.785 0.606 M 0s: Characteristic flexural resistance of the anchor element
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763
36 1.250 58 36 1.227 0.969 S: Elastics section modulus for the anchor element
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410 Reference the Calculations section of the report for more information on the
36 1.750 58 36 2.405 1.900 PROFIS Engineering parameter:
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142 M 0s: Characteristic flexural resistance of the anchor element
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226
55 0.750 75 55 0.442 0.334
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160
55 1.500 75 55 1.767 1.410
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900
55 2.000 75 55 3.142 2.500
105 0.500 125 105 0.196 0.142
105 0.625 125 105 0.307 0.226
105 0.750 125 105 0.442 0.334
105 0.875 125 105 0.601 0.462
105 1.000 125 105 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 105 1.125 125 105 0.994 0.763
105 1.250 125 105 1.227 0.969
105 1.375 125 105 1.485 1.160
105 1.500 125 105 1.767 1.410
105 1.750 125 105 2.405 1.900
105 2.000 125 105 3.142 2.500

Variables fu,min (continued)

fu,min Excerpt from a mechanical anchor ICC-ESR showing futa values.
DESIGN Nominal Anchor Diameter (in).
Symbol Units
Min. specified
fy lb/in 2
100,000 84,800 84,800 84,800
yield strength
Min specified
futa lb/in2 125,000 106,000 106,000 106,000
ult. strength
Excerpt from an adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing futa values.
Minimimum
Minimum
specified
specified Elongation, Reduction
yield Specification
THREADED ROD SPECIFICATION ultimate futa/f ya min. of area, min
strenght for nuts
strength, percent percent
0.2 percent
f uta
offset, f ya
ASTM A193 Grade ASTM A563
psi 125,000 105,000 1.19 16 50
B7 ≤ 2-1/2 in. Grade DH
ASTM F566 Class 5.8 ASTM A563
M5 (1/4 in.) to M24 (1 in.) psi 72,500 58,000 1.25 10 35 Grade DH DIN
(equivalent to ISO 898-1) 964 (8-A2K)
CARBON STEEL
ASTM A194 or
ASTM F1554, Gr. 36 psi 58,000 36,000 1.61 23 40
ASTM A563
ASTM A194 or
ASTM F1554, Gr. 55 psi 75,000 55,000 1.36 21 30
ASTM A563
ASTM A194 or
ASTM F1554, Gr. 105 psi 125,000 105,000 1.19 15 42
ASTM A563
DIN 934
ISO 898-1 Class 5.8 psi 72,500 58,000 1.25 22 -
Grade 6
DIN 934
ISO 898-1 Class 8.8 psi 116,000 92,800 1.25 12 52
Grade 8

Variables Nua
Nua 5.2.3.2 Steel failure PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, VRk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). shear failure mode. The design criteria for this failure mode consider the highest
load acting on an individual anchor, and a design resistance (strength) for a
αMMRk,s single anchor. Bending develops within an anchor element when a shear load
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ acts on a fixture having stand-off. The ETAG 001 parameter “M Rk,s” in Equation
(5.5) corresponds to an internal bending moment, which can be defined as a
where “characteristic bending resistance for steel failure”. M Rk,s is calculated for a single
anchor using the material properties of the anchor. If both tension and shear
α M = see 4.2.2.4 loads act on the anchor, M Rk,s must be reduced by a factor (1 - N Sd /N Rd,s) per
ℓ = lever arm according to Equation (4.2) Equation (5.5a) to account for the combined anchor loading. The parameter “N Sd ”
corresponds to the highest “design steel tensile load” acting on the anchor, and
the parameter “N Rd,s” corresponds to the “design steel tension resistance” for the
anchor. PROFIS Engineering uses the following nomenclature to define ETAG 001
Equations (5.5) and (5.5a):
ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 Provision
ϕVMs = ϕ [(α M M s)/Lb] modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5)
17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to Ms = M 0
s
(1 - N ua /ϕN sa) modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5a)
where
Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the tension failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 anchoring- VMs = [(αM Ms)/Lb] = nominal shear strength (resistance) of the anchor
to-concrete provisions.
ϕVMs = shear design bending strength (resistance) of the anchor
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 M s = resultant flexural strength (resistance) of the anchor
M 0s = characteristic flexural strength (resistance) of the anchor
Anchor Group
N ua = highest factored tension load acting on the anchor
a Group
Anchors as a group ϕN sa = tension design steel strength (resistance) of the anchor
Steel strength in tension (17.4.1) ϕN sa ≥ Nua ϕN sa ≥ Nua,i The shear design bending strength ϕVMs (resistance) is checked against the
factored shear load (Vua) acting on the anchor.
(17.4.2)

tension (17.4.4)
tension (17.4.5)

Variables Nua (continued)

Nua PROFIS Engineering report uses the generic designation “N ua” to reference either
the only tension load acting on an anchor in tension, or the highest tension load
acting on an individual anchor within an anchor group in tension. The PROFIS
Engineering Load Engine permits users to input service loads that will then be
factored per IBC factored load equations. Users can also import factored load
combinations via a spreadsheet, or input factored load combinations directly on
the main screen. When considering the tension reduction factor (1 - N ua /ϕN sa) for
stand-off calculations, PROFIS Engineering uses the N ua -value (a) calculated with
the Load Engine, (b) determined from the loads imported from a spreadsheet or
(c) determined from the loads input in the matrix on the main screen. This value is
shown as “N ua” in Part 3.1 of the PROFIS Engineering report, and corresponds to
the highest factored tension load determined to be acting on an individual anchor.
When modeling a stand-off application subjected to shear and tension loads;
PROFIS Engineering uses the N ua -value in Part 3.1 of the report to calculate the
tension reduction factor (1 - N ua /ϕN sa), which is used in the modified ETAG 001
Equation (5.5a) to calculate the parameter “M S”.

report for more information on the parameter (1 - N ua /ϕN sa).

Variables ϕNua
ϕNua 5.2.3.2 Steel failure PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, VRk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). shear failure mode. The design criteria for this failure mode consider the highest
load acting on an individual anchor, and a design resistance (strength) for a
αMMRk,s single anchor. Bending develops within an anchor element when a shear load
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ acts on a fixture having stand-off. The ETAG 001 parameter “M Rk,s” in Equation
(5.5) corresponds to an internal bending moment, which can be defined as a
where “characteristic bending resistance for steel failure”. M Rk,s is calculated for a single
anchor using the material properties of the anchor. If both tension and shear
α M = see 4.2.2.4 loads act on the anchor, M Rk,s must be reduced by a factor (1 - N Sd /N Rd,s) per
ℓ = lever arm according to Equation (4.2) Equation (5.5a) to account for the combined anchor loading. The parameter “N Sd ”
corresponds to the highest “design steel tensile load” acting on the anchor, and
the parameter “N Rd,s” corresponds to the “design steel tension resistance” for the
anchor. PROFIS Engineering uses the following nomenclature to define ETAG 001
Equations (5.5) and (5.5a):
ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 Provision
ϕVMs = ϕ (α M M s)/L b modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5)
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to Ms = M 0
s
(1 - N ua /ϕN sa) modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5a)
where
VMs = nominal shear strength (resistance)
Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the tension failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 anchoring- ϕVMs = shear design bending strength (resistance) of the anchor
to-concrete provisions. M s = resultant flexural strength (resistance) of the anchor
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 M 0s = characteristic flexural strength (resistance) of the anchor
N ua = highest factored tension load acting on the anchor
Anchor Group ϕN sa = tension design steel strength (resistance) of the anchor
a Group
Anchors as a group The shear design bending strength ϕVMs (resistance) is checked against the

(17.4.2)

tension (17.4.4)
tension (17.4.5)

Variables z
z 5.2.3.2 Steel failure PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
b) Shear load with lever arm Guideline (ETAG) titled ETAG 001 Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete Annex C:
Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible shear
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, VRk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). failure mode. The parameter “ℓ” in ETAG 001 Equation (4.2) is designated “L b ” in
PROFIS Engineering. “L b ” corresponds to the “lever arm”, i.e. distance from where
αMMRk,s the shear resistance (ϕVsM in PROFIS Engineering) acts, to the “point of fixity”
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ where the internal bending moment (M s in PROFIS Engineering) acts. Bending
develops within the anchor element when a shear load (Vua in PROFIS Engineering)
where acts on a fixture having stand-off. ETAG 001 Equation (5.5) can be modified as
follows using PROFIS Engineering nomenclature:
α M = see 4.2.2.4
ℓ = lever arm according to Equation (4.2) nominal shear strength (resistance): ϕVsM = ϕ(α M M s /L b)
M Rk,s = M 0
Rk,s
(1 - N Sd /N Rd,s) [Nm] (5.5a) PROFIS Engineering assumes Vua and ϕVsM act at the center of the fixture
4.2.2.4 Shear loads with lever arm PROFIS Engineering.
If the conditions a) and b) of 4.2.2.3 are not fulfilled the lever arm is calculated according to PROFIS Engineering stand-off calculations: without clamping and with
Equation (4.2) (see Figure 4.8) grouting
ℓ = a 3 + e1 (4.2)
n = 0.5 L b = z + (0.5)(d 0)
with
d 0 = nominal anchor diameter
e1 = distance between shear load and concrete surface
a 3 = 0.5d
a3 = 0 if a washer and a nut are directly clamped to the concrete surface (see Figure 4.8b)
d = nominal diameter of the anchor bolt or thread diameter (see Figure 4.8a)
PROFIS Engineering calculations for stand-off with clamping

Lb = z
Shear loads acting on anchors may be assumed to act without lever arm if both of the following
a) T he fixture shall be made of metal and in the area of the anchorage be fixed directly to the following PROFIS Engineering parameters n and d 0 .
concrete either without an intermediate layer or with a levelling layer of mortar (compression
strength ≥ 30 N/mm 2) with a thickness ≤ d/2. Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the report for more
information on the PROFIS Engineering parameter L b .
b) T
he fixture shall be in contact with the anchor over its entire thickness.

Variables n
n 4.2.2.4 Shear loads with lever arm PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
Equation (4.2) (see Figure 4.8) failure mode. The parameter “ℓ” in ETAG 001 Equation (4.2) is designated “L b ” in
ℓ = a3 + e1 (4.2) PROFIS Engineering. “L b ” corresponds to the “lever arm”, i.e. distance from where
the shear resistance VRk,s (ϕVsM in PROFIS Engineering) acts, to the “point of fixity”
with where the internal bending moment M Rk,s (M s in PROFIS Engineering) acts.
e1 = distance between shear load and concrete surface Mechanical and adhesive anchors are installed into a hole drilled in concrete.
a 3 = 0.5d comes in contact with the side of the drilled hole. ETAG 001 provisions assume
a 3 = 0 if a washer and a nut are directly clamped to the concrete surface (see Figure 4.8b) this spalling occurs at the surface of the concrete to a depth of one half the
d = nominal diameter of the anchor bolt or thread diameter (see Figure 4.8a) and as “(n)(d 0)” in PROFIS Engineering. The value for “n” in PROFIS Engineering
PROFIS Engineering stand-off calculations: without clamping and with grouting

n = 0.5 L b = z + (0.5)(d 0)

PROFIS Engineering, (n)(d 0) = (0.5)(d 0) and L b = z + (0.5)(d 0).

αMMRk,s
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ
where
α M = see 4.2.2.4

Variables n (continued)
n PROFIS Engineering calculations for stand-off with clamping

Lb = z

will be no local spalling at the concrete surface when the anchor is subjected to
bending; therefore, n equals 0. When “stand-off with clamping” is selected in
PROFIS Engineering, (n)(d 0) = 0. For a non-grouted stand-off, expansion anchors
must be modeled in PROFIS Engineering for “stand-off with clamping”.
following PROFIS Engineering parameters z and d 0 .
Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the report for more information
on the PROFIS Engineering parameter L b .
Variables d 0
d0 4.2.2.4 Shear loads with lever arm PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
Equation (4.2) (see Figure 4.8) failure mode. The parameter “ℓ” in ETAG 001 Equation (4.2) is designated “L b ” in
ℓ = a3 + e1 (4.2) PROFIS Engineering. “L b ” corresponds to the “lever arm”, i.e. distance from where
the shear resistance VRk,s (ϕVsM in PROFIS Engineering) acts, to the “point of fixity”
with where the internal bending moment M Rk,s (M s in PROFIS Engineering) acts.
e1 = distance between shear load and concrete surface Mechanical and adhesive anchors are installed into a hole drilled in concrete.
a 3 = 0.5d comes in contact with the side of the drilled hole. ETAG 001 provisions assume
a 3 = 0 if a washer and a nut are directly clamped to the concrete surface (see Figure 4.8b) this spalling occurs at the surface of the concrete to a depth of one half the
d = nominal diameter of the anchor bolt or thread diameter (see Figure 4.8a) and as “(n)(d 0)” in PROFIS Engineering. The value for “n” in PROFIS Engineering
“stand-off with grouting” is selected

Variables d 0 (continued)
d0 PROFIS Engineering stand-off calculations: without clamping and with grouting

n = 0.5 L b = z + (0.5)(d 0)

PROFIS Engineering, (n)(d 0) = (0.5)(d 0) and L b = z + (0.5)(d 0).

αMMRk,s
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ
where
α M = see 4.2.2.4 Lb = z
M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 - N Sd /N Rd,s) [Nm] (5.5a) at the concrete surface. If clamping via a nut/washer assembly occurs, there
will be no local spalling at the concrete surface when the anchor is subjected to
bending; therefore, n equals 0. When “stand-off with clamping” is selected in
PROFIS Engineering, (n)(d 0) = 0. For a non-grouted stand-off, expansion anchors
must be modeled in PROFIS Engineering for “stand-off with clamping”.
following PROFIS Engineering parameters z and d 0 .
information on the PROFIS Engineering parameter L b .

Calculations M0s
M 0
s
ETAG 001 characteristic flexural resistance of anchor PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
M 0Rk,s = 1.2 Wel fuk [Nm] (5.5b) Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible shear
b) Shear load with lever arm The ETAG 001 parameter M 0Rk,s defined by Equation (5.5b) corresponds to the
“characteristic bending resistance” of an individual anchor. The parameter “Wel ”
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, VRk,s, is given by Equation (5.5). corresponds to the “elastic section modulus” of the anchor element, and the
parameter “fu,k ” corresponds to the “characteristic ultimate tensile strength” of the
αMMRk,s anchor element.
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ
PROFIS Engineering designates the ETAG 001 parameters in Equation (5.5b) as
where follows:
α M = see 4.2.2.4 “M 0Rk,s” is designated “M 0s”
ℓ = lever arm according to Equation (4.2) “Wel ” is designated “S”
M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 - N Sd /N Rd,s) [Nm] (5.5a) “fu,k ” is designated “fu,min” .
When modeling cast-in anchors, PROFIS Engineering calculates S using the
The characteristic bending resistance M 0Rk,s is given in the relevant ETA. equation:
The value of M 0Rk,s for anchors according to current experience is obtained from Equation (5.5b). S = [(π) (d minor) 3]/32
M 0Rk,s = 1.2 Wel f uk [Nm] (5.5b) When modeling post-installed anchors, PROFIS Engineering calculates S using
the tensile stress area of the anchor:
length of the bolt. d Ase = [(4)(A se)/ π ] 0.5
S = [(π) (d Ase) 3]/32
PROFIS Engineering uses the “minimum specified ultimate tensile strength” of the
anchor element for the parameter “fu,min”.
Using the PROFIS Engineering nomenclature, ETAG 001 Equation (5.5b) can be
written as follows:
M 0s = (1.2) (S) (fu,min) modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5b).
following PROFIS Engineering parameter.
S: Elastic section modulus of the anchor element
following PROFIS Engineering parameter:
fu,min: Minimum specified ultimate tensile strength of the anchor element

N ua
1‒
Calculations ϕN sa
ETAG 001 reduction for tensile force acting simultaneously with a shear force on the anchor PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
Nua
1‒ (1 ‒ NSd/NRd,s) Guideline (ETAG) titled ETAG 001 Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete Annex C:
ϕNsa Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible shear
resultant flexural resistance of anchor failure mode.
MRk,s = M0Rk,s (1 ‒ NSd/NRd,s) [Nm] (5.5a) The ETAG 001 parameter M 0Rk,s corresponds to a calculated internal
5.2.3.2 Steel failure “characteristic bending resistance” for the anchor element. If both tension and
shear loads act on the anchor, ETAG 001 provisions require a reduction factor
b) Shear load with lever arm (1 – N sd/N Rd,s) to be applied to M 0Rk,s , and the resulting parameter is designated
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, VRk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). “M Rk,s” per Equation (5.5a). The parameters “N sd ” and “N Rd,s” in Equation (5.5a)
αMMRk,s force”, respectively.
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ PROFIS Engineering designates the parameters in Equation (5.5a) as follows:
where
“M Rk,s” is designated “M s”
α M = see 4.2.2.4
“M 0Rk,s” is designated “M 0s”
“N sd ” is designated “N ua”
“N Rd,s” is designated “ϕN sa”
PROFIS Engineering defines the parameters for the Equation (5.5a) tension
modification factor as follows:
N ua = highest factored tension load acting on an individual anchor
ϕN sa = design steel strength in tension for a single anchor
Reference the Variables section in Part 4.2 of the PROFIS Engineering report
for more information on the parameters N ua and ϕN sa when used in ETAG 001
Equation (5.5a). The values for N ua and ϕN sa are taken from Part 3.1 (steel strength
in tension calculations) of the PROFIS Engineering report.
PROFIS Engineering calculations
ϕV Ms = ϕ [(α M M s)/Lb) modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5)

M s = M 0s (1 - N ua /ϕN sa) modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5a)
M 0s = (1.2)(S)(f u,min) modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5b)

Calculations Ms
Ms resultant flexural resistance of anchor PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
MRk,s = M0Rk,s (1 ‒ NSd/NRd,s) [Nm] (5.5a) Guideline (ETAG) titled ETAG 001 Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete Annex C:
The ETAG 001 parameter M 0Rk,s corresponds to a calculated internal
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, V Rk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). “characteristic bending resistance” for the anchor element. If both tension and
shear loads act on the anchor, ETAG 001 provisions require a reduction factor
αMMRk,s (1 – N sd /N Rd,s) to be applied to M 0Rk,s , and the resulting parameter is designated
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ “M Rk,s” per Equation (5.5a). The parameters “N sd ” and “N Rd,s” in Equation (5.5a)
where force”, respectively.
α M = see 4.2.2.4 PROFIS Engineering designates the parameters in Equation (5.5a) as follows:
ℓ = lever arm according to Equation (4.2) “M Rk,s” is designated “M s”
M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 - N Sd/N Rd,s) [Nm] (5.5a) “M 0Rk,s” is designated “M 0s”
N Rd,s = N Rk,s / γMs “N sd ” is designated “N ua”
N Rk,s , γMs to be taken from the relevant ETA “N Rd,s” is designated “ϕN sa”
The value of M 0Rk,s for anchors according to current experience is obtained from Equation (5.5b). report for more information on the parameter M 0s .
M 0Rk,s = 1.2 Wel fuk [Nm] (5.5b) Reference the Variables section of the PROFIS Engineering report for more
information on the parameters N ua and ϕN sa .
PROFIS Engineering calculations

ϕV Ms = ϕ [(α M M s)/Lb) modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5)
M s = M 0s (1 - N ua /ϕN sa) modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5a)
M 0s = (1.2)(S)(f u,min) modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5b)

Calculations Lb
Lb 4.2.2.4 Shear loads with lever arm PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
Equation (4.2) failure mode. The parameter “ℓ” in ETAG 001 Equation (4.2) is designated “L b ” in
(see Figure 4.8) PROFIS Engineering. “L b ” corresponds to the “lever arm”, i.e. distance from where
the shear resistance VRk,s (ϕVsM in PROFIS Engineering) acts, to the “point of
ℓ = a3 + e1 (4.2) fixity” where the internal bending moment M Rk,s (M s in PROFIS Engineering) acts.
with Bending develops within the anchor element when a shear load V (Vua in PROFIS
e1 = distance between shear load and concrete surface Engineering) acts on a fixture having stand-off.
a 3 = 0.5d Mechanical and adhesive anchors are installed into a hole drilled in concrete.
a 3 = 0 if a washer and a nut are directly clamped to the concrete surface (see Figure 4.8b) When the anchor is subjected to bending, local concrete spalling can occur if it
comes in contact with the side of the drilled hole. ETAG 001 provisions assume
d = nominal diameter of the anchor bolt or thread diameter (see Figure 4.8a) this spalling occurs at the surface of the concrete to a depth of one half the
and as “(n)(d 0)” in PROFIS Engineering. The value for “n” in PROFIS Engineering
PROFIS Engineering assumes Vua and ϕVsM act at the center of the fixture
PROFIS Engineering.
PROFIS Engineering stand-off calculations: without clamping and with grouting

n = 0.5 L b = z + (0.5)(d 0)

ETAG 001 Annex C: Figure 4.8 Definition of lever arm PROFIS Engineering, (n)(d 0) = (0.5)(d 0) and L b = z + (0.5)(d 0). Adhesive anchors
and cast-in anchors can be modeled in PROFIS Engineering when “stand-off
without clamping” is selected. Expansion anchors cannot be modeled for this
condition.
Shear loads acting on anchors may be assumed to act without lever arm if both of the following
a) T he fixture shall be made of metal and in the area of the anchorage be fixed directly to the
concrete either without an intermediate layer or with a levelling layer of mortar (compression
strength ≥ 30 N/mm2) with a thickness ≤ d/2.
b) The fixture shall be in contact with the anchor over itsentire thickness.

b) Shear load with lever arm t plate = plate or fixture thickness z = standoff + 0.5 (t plate)
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, V Rk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). Lb = z
αMMRk,s
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ

Calculations Lb (continued)
Lb Torque-controlled expansion anchors must be torqued via a nut/washer assembly

will be no local spalling at the concrete surface when the anchor is subjected
to bending; therefore, n equals 0. When “stand-off with clamping” is selected
in PROFIS Engineering, (n)(d 0) = 0 and L b = z. For a non-grouted stand-off,
expansion anchors must be modeled in PROFIS Engineering for “stand-off with
clamping”.
Reference the Equations section of the report for more information on L b .
following PROFIS Engineering parameters z, n and d 0 .

Results VSM
VS M
5.2.3.2 Steel failure PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, V Rk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). failure mode. When a standoff condition exists for an anchorage, an applied
shear load can create bending in the anchors. An internal bending resistance,
αMMRk,s designated M 0Rk,s , can be calculated using the material properties of the anchor
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ element. M 0Rk,s is designated “M 0s” in PROFIS Engineering, and is calculated per
Equation (5.5b). If tension load also acts on the anchor, M 0Rk,s is reduced by a
where factor designated (1 – N sd /NRd,s) per Equation (5.5a), and the resultant design
bending resistance is designated “M Rk,s” in Equation (5.5). M Rk,s is designated
α M = see 4.2.2.4
“M s” in PROFIS Engineering. The parameter “α M” in Equation (5.5) corresponds
ℓ = lever arm according to Equation (4.2) to the amount of rotational restraint acting on the fixture, and the parameter “l ”
M Rk,s = M 0Rk,s (1 - N Sd/N Rd,s) [Nm] (5.5a) (designated L b in PROFIS Engineering) corresponds to distance from where the
shear resistance is assumed to act, to the “point of fixity” in the concrete where
the internal bending resistance is assumed to act.
Reference the figures to the left. The parameter VRk,s in Equation (5.5) corresponds
to the design shear resistance. Per Equation (5.5), PROFIS Engineering calculates
The value of M 0Rk,s for anchors according to current experience is obtained from Equation (5.5b). a design shear strength (resistance) with respect to bending using values for the
parameters α M , M s , L b and a strength reduction factor (ϕ-factor) for steel failure in
M 0Rk,s = 1.2 Wel fuk [Nm] (5.5b) shear. PROFIS Engineering designates this design shear strength “ϕVsM”.
The figures below illustrate ETAG 001 design assumptions with respect to bolt bending. PROFIS ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions require calculation of a “nominal
Engineering nomenclature for ACI 318 calculations is used in the illustrations. strength” which is then multiplied by a strength reduction factor(s) (ϕ-factors)
to obtain a “design strength”. The parameter “VsM” in PROFIS Engineering
Shear and tension load act on an anchor having standoff.
corresponds to the nominal shear strength with respect to bending, and is
calculated as follows:
VsM = (α M M s)/ L b
The parameter “ϕVsM” in PROFIS Engineering corresponds to the design shear

strength with respect to bending, and is calculated as follows:
ϕVsM = ϕ [(α M M s)/ L b].
The PROFIS Engineering parameter “ϕVsM”, therefore, corresponds to the

parameter “VRk,s” in Equation (5.5).
Per ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions, ϕVsM is checked against the

PROFIS Engineering calculation. Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the report for more
information on the following PROFIS Engineering parameters.
α MM s
ϕVsM = ϕ M s: Resultant flexural resistance of the anchor
Lb
M 0 s: Characteristic flexural resistance of the anchor
L b: Internal lever arm adjusted for spalling at the surface concrete
αM: Rotational restraint modification factor
ϕ steel: Strength reduction factor for steel failure in shear
ϕVsM: Design shear strength (resistance) for bending
ϕVua: Factored shear load acting on the anchor

Results ϕsteel
ϕsteel 5.2.3.2 Steel failure PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible steel
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, V Rk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). failure mode in shear. When a standoff condition exists for an anchorage, an
applied shear load can create bending in the anchors. A shear resistance (VRk,s)
αMMRk,s for the anchor element is calculated per ETAG Equation (5.5). ACI 318 anchoring-
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ to-concrete provisions require calculation of a “nominal strength” which is then
multiplied by a strength reduction factor(s) (ϕ-factor) to obtain a “design strength”.
PROFIS Engineering calculations for shear resistance of an anchor subjected to bending: The parameter “VsM” in PROFIS Engineering corresponds to the “nominal shear
strength” with respect to bending, and is calculated as follows:
ϕVMs = ϕ (α M M s)/L b modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5)
ACI 318-14 Chapter 17 provisions and ICC-ES data for ϕ-factors
The parameter “ϕVsM” in PROFIS Engineering corresponds to the “design shear
17.3.3 Strength reduction factor ϕ for anchors in concrete shall be as follows when the load strength” with respect to bending, and is calculated as follows:
ϕVsM = ϕ [(α M M s)/ L b].
(a) Anchor governed by strength of a ductile steel element
(i) Tension loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.75 Therefore, the PROFIS Engineering parameter “ϕVsM”, corresponds to the
(ii) Shear loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.65
(b) Anchor governed by strength of a brittle steel element PROFIS Engineering designates the ϕ-factor corresponding to steel failure “ϕ steel ”.
When designing cast-in-place anchors, PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors
(i) Tension loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.65
given in ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.3. The ϕ steel -values for the cast-in-place anchors
(ii) Shear loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.60 in the PROFIS Engineering portfolio correspond to the ϕ-factors given in Section
17.3.3 for ductile steel elements. In the absence of product-specific data, the
PROFIS Engineering cast-in-place anchor portfolio.
ϕ-factors in Section 17.3.3 can be used as guide values for post-installed anchors;
• AWS D1.1: 1/2” – 7/8” diameters however, ϕ-factors derived from product-specific testing should always be used
• Hex head, square head, heavy square head: 1/2” – 1 1/2” diameters for the actual design of post-installed anchors.
• Heavy hex head: 1/2” – 2” diameters Post-installed mechanical anchors can be shown compliance under the
DIAMETER TENSILE YIELD EFFECTIVE in conjunction with the ACI standard ACI 355.2. Post-installed adhesive anchor
MATERIAL GRADE GROSS AREA
(in) (ksi) (ksi)
(in2)
(in2) systems can be shown compliance under the International Building Code via
B 0.500 65 51 0.196 testing per the ICC-ES acceptance criteria AC308 in conjunction with the ACI
B 0.625 65 51 0.307
AWS D1.1 standard ACI 355.4. PROFIS Engineering uses the ϕ-factors derived from AC193/
B 0.750 65 51 0.442
B 0.875 65 51 0.601 ACI 355.2 or AC308/ACI 355.4 testing, as given in the ICC-ESR for the anchor. The
36 0.625 58 36 0.307 0.226
36 0.750 58 36 0.442 0.334
element” and “brittle steel element”, as determined by the product testing and
36 0.875 58 36 0.601 0.462 material properties for a specific anchor element.
36 1.000 58 36 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 36 1.125 58 36 0.994 0.763 Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the following
36 1.250 58 36 1.227 0.969 PROFIS Engineering parameters.
36 1.375 58 36 1.485 1.160
36 1.500 58 36 1.767 1.410 VsM: Nominal shear strength (resistance) for bending
36 1.750 58 36 2.405 1.900
36 2.000 58 36 3.142 2.500 ϕVsM: Design shear strength (resistance) for bending
55 0.500 75 55 0.196 0.142
55 0.625 75 55 0.307 0.226
55 0.750 75 55 0.442 0.334
55 0.875 75 55 0.601 0.462
55 1.000 75 55 0.785 0.606
ASTM F 1554 55 1.125 75 55 0.994 0.763
55 1.250 75 55 1.227 0.969
55 1.375 75 55 1.485 1.160
55 1.500 75 55 1.767 1.410
55 1.750 75 55 2.405 1.900
55 2.000 75 55 3.142 2.500


Grade or elongation reduction of

Bolt Type diameter (in) f ya (psi) futa (psi)
Type (min) area (min)
ASW D1.1 B 1/2 – 1 51,000 65,000 20% 50%
36 ≤2 36,000 58,000 23% 40%
ASTM F1554 55 ≤2 55,000 75,000 21% 30%
105 ≤2 105,000 125,000 15% 45%
Excerpt of mechanical anchor ICC-ESR showing (ϕ-factors) for steel failure in shear.

Symbol Units
Effective min.
hef in. 1-1/2 2 2-3/4 2 3-1/4 3-1/8 4 3-1/4 3-3/4 4-3/4
embedment
Strength reduction ϕ factor for
0.75
tension, steel failure modes
Excerpt of adhesive anchor ICC-ESR showing (ϕ-factors) for steel failure in shear
3/8 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 1 1-1/4
Nominal strength as
Vsa lb - 4940 7865 11,640 16,070 21,080 33,725
ASTM F1554 Gr. 36

α V,seis - 0.60
shear

ϕ - 0.65
for shear

ϕnonductile 5.2.3.2 Steel failure PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
Design Methods for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible steel
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, V Rk,s , is given by Equation (5.5). failure mode in shear. When a standoff condition exists for an anchorage, an
applied shear load can create bending in the anchors. A shear resistance (VRk,s)
αMMRk,s for the anchor element is calculated per ETAG Equation (5.5). ACI 318 anchoring-
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ to-concrete provisions require calculation of a “nominal strength” which is then
multiplied by a strength reduction factor(s) (ϕ-factor) to obtain a “design strength”.
PROFIS Engineering calculations for shear resistance of an anchor subjected to bending: The parameter “VsM” in PROFIS Engineering corresponds to the “nominal shear
strength” with respect to bending, and is calculated as follows:
ϕVsM = ϕ [(α M M s)/ Lb] modified ETAG 001 Equation (5.5)
The parameter “ϕVsM” in PROFIS Engineering corresponds to the “design shear

ACI 318-08 Part D.3.3.6 strength” with respect to bending, and is calculated as follows:
D.3.3.6 – As an alternative to D.3.3.4 and D.3.3.5, it shall be permitted to take the design strength ϕVsM = ϕ [(α M M s)/ L b]
anchors of stud bearing walls, it shall be permitted to take the design strength of the anchors as where “ϕ” corresponds to the PROFIS Engineering parameter “ϕ steel ” for steel
0.5 times the design strength determined in accordance with D.3.3.3. failure in shear.
Therefore, the PROFIS Engineering parameter “ϕ steelVsM”, corresponds to the

The parameter “ϕ nonductile” is a reduction factor for seismic load conditions that
“ϕ nonductile” is not a relevant parameter for seismic design per ACI 318-14 Chapter
17; therefore, it is referenced in the PROFIS Engineering report for ACI 318-14
calculations (including steel failure with lever arm calculations) as equal to 1.0.

Results ϕVsM
ϕVs M
5.2.3.2 Steel failure PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval
αMMRk,s failure mode. When a standoff condition exists for an anchorage, an applied
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ shear load can create bending in the anchors. An internal bending resistance,
designated M 0Rk,s , can be calculated using the material properties of the anchor
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, VRk,s, is given by Equation (5.5). element. M 0Rk,s is designated “M 0s” in PROFIS Engineering, and is calculated
per Equation (5.5b). If tension load also acts on the anchor, M 0Rk,s is reduced by
αMMRk,s a factor designated (1 – N sd /N Rd,s) per Equation (5.5a), and the resultant design
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ bending resistance is designated “M Rk,s” in Equation (5.5). M Rk ,s is designated
“M s” in PROFIS Engineering. The parameter “α M” in Equation (5.5) corresponds
where to the amount of rotational restraint acting on the fixture, and the parameter “ℓ”
α M = see 4.2.2.4 (designated L b in PROFIS Engineering) corresponds to distance from where the
shear resistance is assumed to act, to the “point of fixity” in the concrete where
the internal bending resistance is assumed to act.
Reference the figures to the left. The parameter VRk,s in Equation (5.5) corresponds
to the design shear resistance. Per Equation (5.5), PROFIS Engineering calculates a
N Rk,s , γMs to be taken from the relevant ETA design shear resistance; however, the calculations are based on ACI 318-14 strength
M 0Rk,s = characteristic bending resistance of an individual anchor design provisions. Therefore, PROFIS Engineering calculates a “design strength”
with respect to bending which it designates “ϕVsM” using values for the parameters
The value of M 0Rk,s for anchors according to current experience is obtained from Equation (5.5b). αM, Ms, Lb and a strength reduction factor (ϕsteel) for steel failure in shear.
M 0Rk,s = 1.2 Wel f uk [Nm] (5.5b) ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions require calculation of a “nominal
strength” which is then multiplied by a strength reduction factor(s) (ϕ-factors)
to obtain a “design strength”. The parameter “VsM” in PROFIS Engineering
corresponds to the nominal shear strength with respect to bending, and is
Shear and tension load act on an anchor having standoff. calculated as follows:
The parameter “ϕVsM” in PROFIS Engineering corresponds to the design shear

strength with respect to bending, and is calculated as follows:
ϕVsM = ϕ steel [(α M M s)/ L b].
The PROFIS Engineering parameter “ϕVsM”, therefore, corresponds to the

Per ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions, ϕVsM is checked against the

PROFIS Engineering calculation. Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the report for more
information on the following PROFIS Engineering parameters.
α MM s M s: Resultant flexural resistance of the anchor
ϕVsM = ϕ
Lb M 0 s: Characteristic flexural resistance of the anchor
L b: Internal lever arm adjusted for spalling at the surface concrete
α M: Rotational restraint modification factor
VsM: Nominal shear strength (resistance) for bending
ϕ stee l: Strength reduction factor for steel failure in shear
Vua: Factored shear load acting on the anchor

Results Vua
Vua 5.2.3.2 Steel failure PROFIS Engineering uses the provisions given in the European Technical Approval Guideline
b) Shear load with lever arm (ETAG) titled ETAG 001 Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete Annex C: Design Methods
for Anchorages to consider bolt bending as a possible shear failure mode. When a standoff
condition exists for an anchorage, an applied shear load can create bending in the anchors.
The parameter VRk,s in Equation (5.5) corresponds to the design shear resistance. Per Equation
The characteristic resistance of an anchor, VRk,s, is given by (5.5), PROFIS Engineering calculates a design shear resistance; however, the calculations are
Equation (5.5). based on ACI 318-14 strength design provisions. Therefore, PROFIS Engineering calculates
a “design strength” with respect to bending, which it designates “ϕVsM”, using values for the
αMMRk,s parameters α M , M s , L b and a strength reduction factor (ϕ steel) for steel failure in shear.
VRk,s = [N] (5.5)
ℓ ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions require calculation of a “nominal strength” which
is then multiplied by a strength reduction factor(s) (ϕ-factors) to obtain a “design strength”.
The parameter “ϕVsM” in PROFIS Engineering corresponds to the design shear strength with
ACI 318-14 Section 17.3.1.1
respect to bending, and is calculated as follows:
ϕVsM = ϕ steel [(α M M s)/ L b].
sustained tensile loading. The PROFIS Engineering parameter “ϕ VsM”, therefore, corresponds to the parameter “VRk,s” in
Equation (5.5).
PROFIS Engineering calculates ϕVsM for a single anchor and checks this “design strength”
Excerpt from ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1 showing provisions for shear calculations.
against a factored shear load (Vua). If the application consists of a single anchor in shear, ϕVsM
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 is checked against the factored shear load acting on the anchor. If the application consists of
a group of anchors in shear, ϕVsM is checked against the highest individually loaded anchor
Anchor Group
in shear. The PROFIS Engineering report uses the generic designation “Vua” to reference
either the only shear load acting on an anchor in shear, or the highest shear load acting on
Individual anchor in an individual anchor within an anchor group in shear. PROFIS Engineering considers the
Anchors as a group
a Group provisions for steel failure in shear with respect to bolt bending to have been satisfied if
Steel strength in shear (17.5.1) ϕsteel Vsa ≥ Vua ϕsteel Vsa ≥ Vua,i ϕVsM ≥ Vua .
ϕconcrete Vcb ≥ Vua ϕconcrete Vcbg ≥ Vua,g The PROFIS Engineering Load Engine permits users to input service loads that will then be
(17.5.2) factored per IBC factored load equations. Users can also import factored load combinations
Concrete pryout strength in shear via a spreadsheet, or input factored load combinations directly on the main screen. PROFIS
ϕ concrete Vcp ≥ Vua ϕconcrete Vag ≥ Vua,g
(17.5.3) Engineering users are responsible for inputting shear loads. If a single anchor in shear is being
modeled, PROFIS Engineering calculates ϕVsM , and checks this value against either (a) the
factored shear load acting on the anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input via
the Load Engine, (b) the factored shear load acting on the anchor, which has been calculated
using the loads imported from a spreadsheet or (c) the factored shear load acting on the
anchor, which has been calculated using the loads input in the matrix on the main screen.
The value for Vua shown in the report corresponds to the factored shear load determined to
be acting on the anchor. If a group of anchors in shear is being modeled, PROFIS Engineering
calculates ϕVsM , and checks this value against either (a) the highest factored shear load
acting on an individual anchor that is calculated with the Load Engine, (b) the highest factored
shear load acting on an individual anchor that is determined from the loads imported from
a spreadsheet or (c) the highest factored shear load acting on an individual anchor that is
determined from the loads input in the matrix on the main screen. The value for Vua shown
in the report corresponds to the highest factored shear load determined to be acting on an
individual anchor within the group of anchors that are in shear.
Reference the Equations section of the report for more information on:
ϕVsM ≥ Vua: ACI 318-14 design check for bending
Reference the Results section of the report for more information on the following PROFIS
Engineering parameters.
ϕ steel: Strength reduction factor for steel failure in shear
ϕVsM: Design shear strength (resistance) for bending

PART 5
COMBINED TENSION
AND SHEAR LOAD
3.0 INTERACTION 347
3.1 Parabolic 348
3.2 Tri-Linear 358

COMBINED TENSION AND SHEAR LOAD Parabolic
Equations βNV = βℰN + βℰV ≤ 1.0

βNV = β ℰ
N
+β ℰ
V
≤ 1.0 R17.6 – Interaction of tensile and shear forces ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions default to what is known as a trilinear
interaction equation, which is given in Eq. (17.6.3). PROFIS Engineering checks
The shear-tension interaction expression has traditionally been expressed as both Eq. (17.6.3) and the parabolic interaction equation given in the ACI 318-14
ℰ ℰ
commentary R17.6. The PROFIS Engineering report shows the most favorable
Nua Vua results.
+ ≤ 1.0
Nn Vn The failure mode for a given tension or shear load condition can be expressed as a
ratio of factored load to design strength:
where ℰ varies from 1 to 2. The current trilinear recommendation is a simplification of the • Factored tension load/tension design strength = (N ua /ϕN N)
expression where ℰ = 5/3. The limits were chosen to eliminate the requirement for computation of • Factored shear load/shear design strength = (Vua /ϕVN)
interaction effects where very small values of the second force are present. Any other interaction
expression that is verified by test data, however, can be used to satisfy 17.3.1.3. The “governing” failure mode can be defined as the highest (factored load/design
strength) ratio for the failure modes being considered. PROFIS Engineering
defines the calculated results using the parabolic interaction equation via the
parameter “β NV ”.
Part 3 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the ratio of factored tension load
(N ua) to tension design strength (ϕN N) via the parameter βN . For the example
below, concrete breakout failure is the governing failure mode for tension because
it has the highest utilization (β N = 51%).
3 Tension load
Capacity ϕNn Utilization
Load Nua [lb] Status
[lb] β N = Nua/ϕNn
Steel strength* 5,000 14,550 35 OK
Bond strength** 10,000 31,564 32 OK
Sustained tension load
3,450 16,800 21 OK
bond strength*
Concrete breakout
10,000 19,971 51 OK
Failure**
** Anchor group (anchors in tension)

Equations βNV = βℰN + βℰV ≤ 1.0 (continued)

βNV = β ℰ
N
+β ℰ
V
≤ 1.0 17.3.1.3 When both N ua and Vua are present, interaction effects shall be considered using an Part 4 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the ratio of factored shear load
interaction expression that results in computation of strength in substantial agreement with results (Vua) to shear design strength (ϕVN) via the parameter βV. For the example below,
of comprehensive tests. This requirement shall be considered satisfied by 17.6 concrete edge failure in direction x+ is the governing failure mode for shear
because it has the highest utilization (βV = 60%).
4 Shear load
Capacity ϕVn Utilization
Load Vua [lb] Status
Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the tension failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 anchoring- [lb] β N = Vua/ϕV n
to-concrete provisions. Steel strength* 1,500 4,540 33 OK
Steel failure with lever
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A
arm*
Pryout (bond strength
Anchor Group 6,000 52,765 12 OK
controls)*
Individual anchor in Concrete edge failure in
Anchors as a group 6,000 10,080 60 OK
a Group direction x+**
Steel strength in tension (17.4.1) ϕN sa ≥ Nua ϕN sa ≥ Nua,i * highest loaded anchor
** Anchor group (relevant anchors)
(17.4.2)
Pullout strength in tension (17.4.3) ϕNpn ≥ Nua ϕNpn ≥ Nua,i For the examples above, PROFIS Engineering would perform the combined
Concrete side-face blowout strength in interaction check using the parabolic interaction equation as follows:
tension (17.4.4) βNV = (β N) 5/3 + (βV) 5/3 check: βNV ≤ 1.0
Bond strengh of adhesive anchor in = (0.51)5/3 + (0.6)5/3
tension (17.4.5)
= 0.752 check: 0.752 < 1.0 OK
Reference the PROFIS Engineering design guide section on the trilinear

Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the shear failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 anchoring- interaction equation for additional information about PROFIS Engineering
to-concrete provisions. interaction calculations.
Anchor Group
Anchors as a group
a Group
Steel strength in shear (17.5.1) ϕsteel Vsa ≥ Vua ϕsteel Vsa ≥ Vua,i

(17.5.2)
(17.5.3)

Variables βN
βN R17.6 – Interaction of tensile and shear forces Part 3 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the ratio of factored tension load
(N ua) to tension design strength (ϕN N) via the parameter β N . PROFIS Engineering
The shear-tension interaction expression has traditionally been expressed as calculates β N for each tension failure mode relevant to a particular anchor type.
Nua
ℰ
Vua
ℰ
Per ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1, the tension provisions of Chapter 17 are satisfied if
+ ≤ 1.0 all the calculated design strengths for tension failure modes are greater than or
Nn Vn equal to the corresponding factored load. When PROFIS Engineering calculates
β N , it rounds up the result to the nearest whole number. The β N -values given in
where ℰ varies from 1 to 2. The current trilinear recommendation is a simplification of the
Part 3 of the report correspond to a percentage. The PROFIS Engineering report
expression where ℰ = 5/3. The limits were chosen to eliminate the requirement for computation of
shows “OK” under the Status heading if the β N -value is ≤ 100%.
expression that is verified by test data, however, can be used to satisfy 17.3.1.3. The highest β N -value corresponds to the “controlling” or “governing” failure
mode in tension. This value is used as the tension component in the interaction
equation. For the example below, all the calculated β N -values are ≤ 100 %, and
concrete breakout failure is the governing failure mode for tension because it
has the highest utilization (β N = 51%). The tension provisions of Chapter 17 have
been satisfied.
3 Tension load
[lb] β N = Nua/ϕNn
3,450 16,800 21 OK
bond strength*
Concrete breakout
10,000 19,971 51 OK
Failure**
When N ua is greater than ϕN n , the β N -value will be greater than 100%. The tension
provisions of Chapter 17 are not satisfied when N ua is greater than ϕN n . The
PROFIS Engineering report shows “not recommended” under the Status heading
if the β N -value is ≥ 100%.
For the example below, the β N -values for bond strength and concrete breakout
failure are > 100%; therefore, the PROFIS Engineering report shows “not
recommended” under the Status heading for these failure modes to indicate that
the Chapter 17 provisions have not been satisfied.
3 Tension load
Anchor Group Capacity ϕNn Utilization
Failure Mode Single Anchor [lb] β N = Nua/ϕNn
Anchors as a group
a Group Steel strength* 10,000 26,347 38 OK
Steel strength in tension (17.4.1) ϕN sa ≥ Nua ϕN sa ≥ Nua,i Bond strength** not

40,000 33,922 118
recommended
ϕN cb ≥ Nua ϕN cbg ≥ Nua,g Sustained tension load
(17.4.2) 5,000 11,495 44 OK
bond strength*
Pullout strength in tension (17.4.3) ϕNpn ≥ Nua ϕNpn ≥ Nua,i Concrete breakout not
40,000 26,603 151
Failure** recommended
tension (17.4.4) * highest loaded anchor
tension (17.4.5) Reference the PROFIS Engineering design guide section on β V for additional
information about PROFIS Engineering interaction calculations.

Variables βN (continued)
βN The following tension failure modes are considered for each type of anchor in the PROFIS
Engineering portfolio:
post-installed mechanical anchor

steel strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ steel N sa
pullout strength: β N = N ua(i)/ϕ concrete N pn,f´c
concrete breakout strength: β N = N ua(i)/ϕ concrete N cb or β N = N ua(g) /ϕ concrete N cbg

bond strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ bond N a or β N = N ua(g) /ϕ bond N ag
sustained tension load
(for bond strength): β N = N ua(i) /0.55ϕ bond N ba
concrete breakout strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ concrete N cb or β N = N ua(g) /ϕ concrete N cbg
cast-in anchor
pullout strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ concrete N pn,f´c
side-face blowout strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ concrete N sb or β N = N ua(g) /ϕ concrete N sbg
where N ua(i) corresponds to the highest factored tension load acting on an individual anchor and
N ua(g) corresponds to the total factored tension load acting on a group of anchors.

Variables βV
βV R17.6 — Interaction of tensile and shear forces Part 4 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the ratio of factored shear load
(Vua) to shear design strength (ϕVN) via the parameter β V. PROFIS Engineering
The shear-tension interaction expression has traditionally been expressed as calculates β V for each shear failure mode relevant to a particular anchor type.
Nua
ℰ
Vua
ℰ
Per ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1, the shear provisions of Chapter 17 are satisfied if all
+ ≤ 1.0 the calculated design strengths for shear failure modes are greater than or equal
Nn Vn to the corresponding factored load. When PROFIS Engineering calculates β V, it
rounds up the result to the nearest whole number. The β V -values given in Part 4
of the report correspond to a percentage. The PROFIS Engineering report shows
“OK” under the Status heading if the β V -value is ≤ 100%.
expression that is verified by test data, however, can be used to satisfy 17.3.1.3. The highest β V -value corresponds to the “controlling” or “governing” failure mode
in shear. This value is used as the shear component in the interaction equation.
For the example below, all the calculated β V -values are ≤ 100 %, and concrete
edge failure in direction x+ is the governing failure mode for shear because it has
the highest utilization (β V = 60%). The shear provisions of Chapter 17 have been
satisfied.
4 Shear load
[lb] β N = Vua/ϕV n
N/A N/A N/A N/A
arm*
6,000 52,765 12 OK
controls)*
Concrete edge failure in
6,000 10,080 60 OK
direction x+**
When Vua is greater than ϕVn , the βV -value will be greater than 100%. The shear
provisions of Chapter 17 are not satisfied when Vua is greater than ϕVn . The
PROFIS Engineering report shows “not recommended” under the Status heading
if the β V -value is ≥ 100%.
For the example below, the β V -value for concrete edge failure in direction x+ is >
100%; therefore, the PROFIS Engineering report shows “not recommended” under
the Status heading for this failure mode to indicate that the Chapter 17 provisions
have not been satisfied.
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 4 Shear load
Anchor Group [lb] β N = Vua/ϕV n
Failure Mode Single Anchor Steel strength* 3,750 8,221 46 OK
Anchors as a group Steel failure with lever
a Group N/A N/A N/A N/A
arm*
Steel strength in shear (17.5.1) ϕsteel Vsa ≥ Vua ϕsteel Vsa ≥ Vua,i
15,000 76,400 20 OK
Concrete breakout strength in shear controls)*
(17.5.2) Concrete edge failure in not
15,000 11,592 130
Concrete pryout strength in shear direction x+** recommended
(17.5.3) * highest loaded anchor
Reference the PROFIS Engineering design guide section on β N for additional


Variables βV (continued)
βV The PROFIS Engineering anchor portfolio includes post-installed mechanical anchors, post-
installed adhesive anchors, and cast-anchors. The following shear failure modes are considered
for each type of anchor:

steel strength: βV = Vua(i)/ϕ steelVsa
concrete breakout strength: βV = Vua(i) /ϕconcreteVcb or βV = Vua(g)/ϕconcreteVcbg
concrete pryout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcp or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcpg

concrete breakout strength: βV = Vua(i)/ϕconcreteVcb or βV = Vua(g)/ϕconcreteVcbg
concrete pryout strength: βV = Vua(i)/ϕconcreteVcp or βV = Vua(g)/ϕconcreteVcpg
cast-in anchor
concrete breakout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcb or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcbg
concrete pryout strength: βV = Vua(i)/ϕconcreteVcp or βV = Vua(g)/ϕconcreteVcpg
where Vua(i) corresponds to the highest factored shear load acting on an individual anchor and Vua(g)
corresponds to the total factored shear load acting on a group of anchors.

Variables ℰ
ℰ R17.6 – Interaction of tensile and shear forces ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions default to what is known as a trilinear
The shear-tension interaction expression has traditionally been expressed as both Eq. (17.6.3) and the parabolic interaction equation given in the ACI 318-14
ℰ ℰ
commentary R17.6. The PROFIS Engineering report shows the most favorable
Nua Vua results.
+ ≤ 1.0
Nn Vn The failure mode for a given tension or shear load condition can be expressed as a
expression where ℰ = 5/3. The limits were chosen to eliminate the requirement for computation of • Factored tension load/tension design strength = (N ua /ϕN N)
interaction effects where very small values of the second force are present. Any other interaction • Factored shear load/shear design strength = (Vua /ϕVN)
expression that is verified by test data, however, can be used to satisfy 17.3.1.3.
The “governing” failure mode can be defined as the highest (factored load/design
strength) ratio for the failure modes being considered. The generalized interaction
equation given in the commentary R17.6 permits the governing tension component
(N ua /ϕN N) and the governing shear component (Vua /ϕVN) to be raised to any power
(ℰ) between 1 and 2. When PROFIS Engineering checks combined tension/shear
interaction with the parabolic equation, the governing tension component
(N ua /ϕN N) and the governing shear component (Vua /ϕVN) are raised to the 5/3
power, so ℰ = 5/3.
Below is an example of how the PROFIS Engineering report shows the parameters
used in the parabolic interaction equation. The parameter “β N” corresponds to
the governing tension component (N ua /ϕN N) and the parameter “β V ” corresponds
to the governing shear component (Vua /ϕVN). Since (N ua /ϕN N) and (Vua /ϕVN) are
each raised to the 5/3 power when the parabolic equation is used, the parameter
“ℰ” is shown as 5/3 in the report. The parameter “Utilization β N,V ” is calculated as
follows:
β N,V = (β N) 5/3 + (β V) 5/3 ≤ 1.0 Fig. R17.6
β N,V = (β N)5/3 + (β V)5/3 ≤ 1.0 PROFIS Engineering

= (0.693)5/3 + (0.475)5/3
= 0.832 β N,V < 1.0 OK
5 Combined tension and shear loads

Utilization β N
βN βV ℰ Status
[%]
0.693 0.475 5/3 84 OK
β NV = β Nℰ + β Vℰ < = 1

interaction equation for additional information about PROFIS Engineering
interaction calculations.

Calculations Utilization βN,V [%]

Utilization βN,V [%] R17.6 – Interaction of tensile and shear forces The failure mode for a given tension or shear load condition can be expressed as a
The shear-tension interaction expression has traditionally been expressed as
• Factored tension load/tension design strength = (N ua /ϕN N)
ℰ ℰ • Factored shear load/shear design strength = (Vua /ϕVN)
Nua Vua
+ ≤ 1.0
PROFIS Engineering references these ratios as “utilizations”, and shows them in
Nn Vn
the report as a percentage.
Part 3 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the utilizations for each tension failure
mode being considered and designates “tension utilizations” via the parameter “βN”.
expression that is verified by test data, however, can be used to satisfy 17.3.1.3. 3 Tension load
Load Nua Capacity Utilization
Status
[lb] ϕNn [lb] β N = Nua/ϕNn
Sustained tension load bond strength* 3,450 16,800 21 OK
Concrete breakout Failure** 10,000 19,971 51 OK
Part 4 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the utilizations for each shear failure
mode being considered and designates “shear utilizations” via the parameter “βV”.
4 Shear load
Load Vua Capacity Utilization
Status
[lb] ϕVn [lb] β N = Vua/ϕV n
Steel failure with lever arm* N/A N/A N/A N/A
Pryout (bond strength controls)* 6,000 52,765 12 OK
Concrete edge failure in direction x+** 6,000 10,080 60 OK
The “governing” failure mode can be defined as the highest utilization for the failure
modes being considered. PROFIS Engineering designates the sum of the utilization
for the governing failure mode in tension and the utilization for the governing failure
mode in shear as “β N,V ”, and shows it as a percentage in Part 5 of the report.
For the examples above, concrete breakout failure is the governing tension
failure mode (β N = 51%) and concrete edge failure in direction x+ is the
governing shear failure mode (β V = 60%). PROFIS Engineering would calculate
β N,V per the parabolic equation defined in Fig. R17.6 as follows:
β N,V = (β N ) 5/3 + (β V) 5/3

= (0.51)5/3 + (0.6)5/3 = 0.752
Utilization β N
βN βV ℰ Status
[%]
0.693 0.475 5/3 84 OK
β NV = β Nℰ + β Vℰ < = 1


Results Utilization Status

Status R17.6 – Interaction of tensile and shear forces PROFIS Engineering designates the parameter (N ua /ϕN n) as”β N”, and shows it as
a percentage (%) in the report under the heading “Status”. ACI 318-14 anchoring-
The shear-tension interaction expression has traditionally been expressed as to-concrete provisions for tension are satisfied if all the β N -values for the tension
ℰ ℰ
failure modes being considered are ≤ 100%. The highest β N -value corresponds to
Nua Vua the “controlling” or “governing” failure mode in tension, and is used as the tension
+ ≤ 1.0
component in the parabolic equation given in the commentary R17.6.
Nn Vn
PROFIS Engineering designates the parameter (Vua /ϕVn) as”β V ”, and shows it as
……………………………………
to-concrete provisions for shear are satisfied if all the β V -values for the shear
failure modes being considered are ≤ 100%. The highest β V -value corresponds
to the “controlling” or “governing” failure mode in shear, and is used as the shear
component in the parabolic equation given in the commentary R17.6.
For the example below, all the β N -values are ≤ 100%; therefore, PROFIS
Engineering shows the “Status” for each value as “OK” since ACI 318 anchoring-
to-concrete provisions are satisfied. Concrete Breakout Failure is the governing
failure mode for tension because it has the highest utilization (β N = 51%). This
value is used as the tension component in the parabolic equation. However,
the β V -value for Concrete Edge Failure in direction x+ is > 100% (β V = 130%);
therefore, PROFIS Engineering shows the “Status” for this β V -value as “not
recommended” since ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions are not satisfied.
β ˆ = 130% is also the governing failure mode for shear because it has the highest
utilization. This value is used as the shear component in the parabolic equation.
3 Tension load
Status
The PROFIS Engineering anchor portfolio includes post-installed mechanical anchors, post-
installed adhesive anchors, and cast-anchors. The following tension failure modes are considered
for each type of anchor: Sustained tension load bond strength* 3,450 16,800 21 OK
steel strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ steel N sa ** Anchor group (anchors in tension)

4 Shear load
concrete breakout strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ concrete N cb or β N = N ua(g) /ϕ concrete N cbg Capacity ϕVn Utilization
bond strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ bond N a or β N = N ua(g) /ϕ bond N ag N/A N/A N/A N/A
arm*
sustained tension load Pryout (bond strength
15,000 76,400 20 OK
controls)*
(for bond strength): β N = N ua(i) /0.55ϕ bond N ba
Concrete edge failure in not
concrete breakout strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ concrete N cb or β N = N ua(g) /ϕ concrete N cbg direction x+**
15,000 11,592 130
recommended
cast-in anchor * highest loaded anchor
side-face blowout strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ concrete N sb or β N = N ua(g)
N ua(g) corresponds to the total factored tension load acting on a group of anchors.
Results Utilization Status (continued)

Status The following shear failure modes are considered for each type of anchor: When the governing β N -value (51%) and the governing β V -value (130%) for the
example above are used in the parabolic equation; the calculation results would
post-installed mechanical anchor be shown in PROFIS Engineering as follows:
steel strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ steelVsa
β N,V = (β N ) 5/3 + (β V) 5/3
concrete breakout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕconcreteVcb or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcbg
concrete pryout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcp or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcpg = (0.51) 5/3 + (1.3) 5/3 = 1.874
post-installed adhesive anchor The parabolic equation has not been satisfied, so the report shows the “Status” as
“not recommended”.
concrete breakout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcb or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcbg 5 Combined tension and shear loads
concrete pryout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcp or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcpg Utilization β N
βN βV ℰ Status
[%]
cast-in anchor Not
0.510 1.300 5/3 188
steel strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ steelVsa recommended
β NV = β Nℰ + β Vℰ < = 1
Part 5 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the “Status” for parabolic
equation calculation results as either “OK” if the equation is satisfied, or “not
where Vua(i) corresponds to the highest factored shear load acting on an individual anchor and Vua(g) recommended” if it is not satisfied. PROFIS Engineering considers the parabolic
corresponds to the total factored shear load acting on a group of anchors. equation to be satisfied if (β N ) 5/3 + (β V) 5/3 is ≤ 1.0.
Reference the PROFIS Engineering design guide section on Utilization β N,V [%] for
additional information about PROFIS Engineering interaction calculations.

COMBINED TENSION AND SHEAR LOAD Tri-Linear
Equations Utilization βNV = (βN + βV )/1.2 ≤ 1

βNV = (βN + βV )/1.2 ≤ 1 17.6 – Interaction of tensile and shear forces ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions default to what is known as a trilinear
Unless determined in accordance with 17.3.1.3, anchors or groups of anchors that are subjected to both Eq. (17.6.3) and the parabolic interaction equation given in the ACI 318-14
both shear and axial loads shall be designed to satisfy the requirements of 17.6.1 through 17.6.3. commentary R17.6. The PROFIS Engineering report shows the most favorable
The values of ϕN n and ϕVn shall be the required strengths as determined from 17.3.1.1 or from results.
17.2.3.
The failure mode for a given tension or shear load condition can be expressed as a
17.6.1 If Vua /(ϕVn) ≤ 0.2 for the governing strength in shear, then full strength in tension shall be ratio of factored load to design strength:
permitted: ϕN n ≥ N ua .
17.6.2 If N ua /(ϕN n) ≤ 0.2 for the governing strength in tension, then full strength in shear shall be • Factored shear load/shear design strength = (Vua /ϕVN)
permitted: ϕVn ≥ Vua .
17.6.3 If Vua /(ϕVn) > 0.2 for the governing strength in shear and N ua /(ϕN n) > 0.2 for the governing strength) ratio for the failure modes being considered. Section 17.6.1 permits
strength in tension, then the interaction check defined by Eq. (17.6.3) to be waived if Vua /(ϕVn) ≤ 0.2 for
the “governing”, i.e. “highest” (factored load/design strength) ratio, for the shear
Nua Vua failure modes being considered. Section 17.6.2 permits the interaction check
+ ≤ 1.2 (17.6.3)
defined by Eq. (17.6.3) to be waived if N ua /(ϕN n) ≤ 0.2 for the “governing”, i.e.
ϕn ϕVn
“highest” (factored load/design strength) ratio, for the tension failure modes being
17.3.1.1 The design of anchors shall be in accordance with Table 17.3.1.1. In addition, the design considered. Per Section 17.6.3, if the provisions in Section 17.6.1 and Section
of anchors shall satisfy 17.2.3 for earthquake loading and 17.3.1.2 for adhesive anchors subject to 17.6.2 cannot be satisfied; combined tension/shear interaction is checked per Eq.
sustained tensile loading. (17.6.3). PROFIS Engineering defines the calculated results for Eq. (17.6.3) via the
parameter “β NV ”.
Part 3 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the ratio of factored tension
Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the tension failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 anchoring- load (N ua) to tension design strength (ϕN N) via the parameter β N . For the example
to-concrete provisions. below, concrete breakout failure is the governing failure mode for tension because
it has the highest utilization (β N = 51%).
Example:
Anchor Group
Failure Mode Single Anchor 3 Tension load
Anchors as a group Load Nua Capacity Utilization
a Group Status
Steel strength in tension (17.4.1) ϕN sa ≥ Nua ϕN sa ≥ Nua,i Steel strength* 5,000 14,550 35 OK
Concrete breakout strength in tension Bond strength** 10,000 31,564 32 OK
(17.4.2)
Pullout strength in tension (17.4.3) ϕNpn ≥ Nua ϕNpn ≥ Nua,i Concrete breakout Failure** 10,000 19,971 51 OK
Concrete side-face blowout strength in * highest loaded anchor
tension (17.4.4) ** Anchor group (anchors in tension)

tension (17.4.5)

Equations Utilization βNV = (βN + βV )/1.2 ≤ 1 (continued)

βNV = (βN + βV )/1.2 ≤ 1 Excerpt from Table 17.3.1.1 showing the shear failure modes considered in ACI 318-14 Part 4 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the ratio of factored shear load
anchoring-to-concrete provisions. (Vua) to shear design strength (ϕVN) via the parameter β V. For the example below,
concrete edge failure in direction x+ is the governing failure mode for shear
because it has the highest utilization (β V = 60%).
Anchor Group
Example:
a Group
Anchors as a group 4 Shear load
Steel strength in shear (17.5.1) ϕsteel Vsa ≥ Vua ϕsteel Vsa ≥ Vua,i Status
Concrete breakout strength in shear Steel strength* 1,500 4,540 33 OK
(17.5.2)
ϕ concrete Vcp ≥ Vua ϕconcrete Vag ≥ Vua,g Pryout (bond strength controls)* 6,000 52,765 12 OK
(17.5.3)
17.3.1.3 When both N ua and Vua are present, interaction effects shall be considered using an
interaction expression that results in computation of strength in substantial agreement with results
of comprehensive tests. This requirement shall be considered satisfied by 17.6 For the examples above, both the governing tension failure mode (β N = 51%) and
the governing shear failure mode (β V = 60%) are greater than 20%; therefore,
PROFIS Engineering would perform the combined interaction check per Eq.
(17.6.3) as follows:
β NV = (β N + β V)/1.2 check: β NV ≤ 1.0
= (0.51 + 0.6)/1.2
= 0.925 check: 0.925 ≤ 1.0 OK
Reference the PROFIS Engineering design guide section on the parabolic


Variables Utilization βN
βN 17.6 – Interaction of tensile and shear forces Part 3 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the ratio of factored tension load
(N ua) to tension design strength (ϕN N) via the parameter β N . PROFIS Engineering
Unless determined in accordance with 17.3.1.3, anchors or groups of anchors that are subjected to calculates β N for each tension failure mode relevant to a particular anchor type.
both shear and axial loads shall be designed to satisfy the requirements of 17.6.1 through 17.6.3.
The values of ϕN n and ϕVn shall be the required strengths as determined from 17.3.1.1 or from Per ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1, the tension provisions of Chapter 17 are satisfied if
17.2.3. all the calculated design strengths for tension failure modes are greater than or
equal to the corresponding factored load. When PROFIS Engineering calculates
17.6.1 If Vua /(ϕVn) ≤ 0.2 for the governing strength in shear, then full strength in tension shall be β N , it rounds up the result to the nearest whole number. The β N -values given in
permitted: ϕN n ≥ N ua . Part 3 of the report correspond to a percentage. The PROFIS Engineering report
17.6.2 If N ua /(ϕN n) ≤ 0.2 for the governing strength in tension, then full strength in shear shall be shows “OK” under the Status heading if the β N -value is < 100%.
permitted: ϕVn ≥ Vua . The highest β N -value corresponds to the “controlling” or “governing” failure mode
17.6.3 If Vua /(ϕVn) > 0.2 for the governing strength in shear and N ua /(ϕN n) > 0.2 for the governing in tension. This value is used as the tension component in Eq. (17.6.3). For the
strength in tension, then example below, all the calculated β N -values are ≤ 100 %, and concrete breakout
failure is the governing failure mode for tension because it has the highest
utilization (β N = 51%). The tension provisions of Chapter 17 have been satisfied.
Nua Vua
+ ≤ 1.2 (17.6.3)
ϕn ϕVn
Example:
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 3 Tension load
Status
Anchor Group [lb] ϕNn [lb] β N = Nua/ϕNn
Failure Mode Single Anchor Steel strength* 5,000 14,550 35 OK
Anchors as a group Bond strength** 10,000 31,564 32 OK
a Group
Steel strength in tension (17.4.1) ϕN sa ≥ Nua ϕN sa ≥ Nua,i Sustained tension load bond strength* 3,450 16,800 21 OK
ϕN cb ≥ Nua ϕN cbg ≥ Nua,g * highest loaded anchor
(17.4.2)

tension (17.4.4)
ϕN sb ≥ Nua ϕN sbg ≥ Nua,g When N ua is greater than ϕN n , the β N -value will be greater than 100%. The tension
provisions of Chapter 17 are not satisfied when N ua is greater than ϕN n . The
ϕN a ≥ Nua ϕNag ≥ Nua,g PROFIS Engineering report shows “not recommended” under the Status heading
tension (17.4.5)
if the β N -value is > 100%.
For the example below, the β N -values for bond strength and concrete breakout
failure are > 100%; therefore, the PROFIS Engineering report shows “not
recommended” under the Status heading for these failure modes to indicate that
the Chapter 17 provisions have not been satisfied.

Variables Utilization βN (continued)

βN The PROFIS Engineering anchor portfolio includes post-installed mechanical anchors, post- Example:
3 Tension load
post-installed mechanical anchor [lb] β N = Nua/ϕNn
steel strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ steel N sa Steel strength* 10,000 26,347 38 OK
pullout strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ concrete N pn,f´c Bond strength** not

40,000 33,922 118
recommended
5,000 11,495 44 OK
post-installed adhesive anchor bond strength*
Concrete breakout not
steel strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ steel N sa 40,000 26,603 151
Failure** recommended
bond strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ bond N a or β N = N ua(g) /ϕ bond N ag * highest loaded anchor
(for bond strength): β N = N ua(i) /0.55ϕb ond N ba Reference the PROFIS Engineering design guide section on β V for additional
cast-in anchor
steel strength: β N = N ua(i)/ϕ steel N sa
side-face blowout strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ concrete N sb or β N = N ua(g) /ϕ concrete N sbg
N ua(g) corresponds

Variables Utilization βV
βV 17.6 – Interaction of tensile and shear forces Part 4 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the ratio of factored shear load
(Vua) to shear design strength (ϕVN) via the parameter β V. PROFIS Engineering
Unless determined in accordance with 17.3.1.3, anchors or groups of anchors that are subjected to calculates β V for each shear failure mode relevant to a particular anchor type.
both shear and axial loads shall be designed to satisfy the requirements of 17.6.1 through 17.6.3.
The values of ϕN n and ϕVn shall be the required strengths as determined from 17.3.1.1 or from Per ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1, the shear provisions of Chapter 17 are satisfied if all
17.2.3. the calculated design strengths for shear failure modes are greater than or equal
to the corresponding factored load. When PROFIS Engineering calculates β V, it
17.6.1 If Vua /(ϕVn) ≤ 0.2 for the governing strength in shear, then full strength in tension shall be rounds up the result to the nearest whole number. The β V -values given in Part 4
permitted: ϕN n ≥ N ua . of the report correspond to a percentage. The PROFIS Engineering report shows
17.6.2 If N ua /(ϕN n) ≤ 0.2 for the governing strength in tension, then full strength in shear shall be “OK” under the Status heading if the β V -value is < 100%.
permitted: ϕVn ≥ Vua . The highest β V -value corresponds to the “controlling” or “governing” failure mode
17.6.3 If Vua /(ϕVn) > 0.2 for the governing strength in shear and N ua /(ϕN n) > 0.2 for the governing in shear. This value is used as the shear component in Eq. (17.6.3). For the example
strength in tension, then below, all the calculated β V -values are ≤ 100 %, and concrete edge failure in
direction x+ is the governing failure mode for shear because it has the highest
utilization (β V = 60%). The shear provisions of Chapter 17 have been satisfied.
Nua Vua
+ ≤ 1.2 (17.6.3)
Example:
ϕNn ϕVn
4 Shear load
Table 17.3.1.1 — Required strength of anchors, except as noted in 17.2.3 Load Vua Capacity Utilization
Status
Anchor Group Steel strength* 1,500 4,540 33 OK
Failure Mode Single Anchor Steel failure with lever arm* N/A N/A N/A N/A
Anchors as a group
a Group Pryout (bond strength controls)* 6,000 52,765 12 OK
Steel strength in shear (17.5.1) ϕsteel Vsa ≥ Vua ϕsteel Vsa ≥ Vua,i Concrete edge failure in direction x+** 6,000 10,080 60 OK
ϕconcrete Vcb ≥ Vua ϕconcrete Vcbg ≥ Vua,g ** Anchor group (relevant anchors)
(17.5.2)
ϕ concrete Vcp ≥ Vua ϕconcrete Vag ≥ Vua,g When Vua is greater than ϕVn , the β V -value will be greater than 100%. The shear
(17.5.3) provisions of Chapter 17 are not satisfied when Vua is greater than ϕVn . The
The PROFIS Engineering anchor portfolio includes post-installed mechanical anchors, post- PROFIS Engineering report shows “not recommended” under the Status heading
installed adhesive anchors, and cast-anchors. The following shear failure modes are considered if the β V -value is ≥ 100%.
for each type of anchor: For the example below, the β V -value for concrete edge failure in direction x+ is >
post-installed mechanical anchor 100%; therefore, the PROFIS Engineering report shows “not recommended” under
the Status heading for this failure mode to indicate that the Chapter 17 provisions
steel strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ steelVsa have not been satisfied.
Example:
4 Shear load
post-installed adhesive anchor Capacity ϕVn Utilization
steel strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ steelVsa [lb] β N = Vua/ϕV n
concrete breakout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcb or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcb g Steel strength* 3,750 8,221 46 OK
concrete pryout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcp or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcpg Steel failure with lever
N/A N/A N/A N/A
arm*
cast-in anchor Pryout (bond strength
15,000 76,400 20 OK
controls)*
steel strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ steelVs a
concrete breakout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcb or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcbg direction x+**
15,000 11,592 130
recommended
concrete pryout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcp or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcpg * highest loaded anchor
where Vua(i) corresponds to the highest factored shear load acting on an individual anchor and Vua(g)
corresponds to the total factored shear load acting on a group of anchors. Reference the PROFIS Engineering design guide section on β N for additional

Variables Utilization ℰ
ℰ 17.6 – Interaction of tensile and shear forces ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions default to what is known as a trilinear
Unless determined in accordance with 17.3.1.3, anchors or groups of anchors that are subjected to both Eq. (17.6.3) and the parabolic interaction equation given in the ACI 318-14
both shear and axial loads shall be designed to satisfy the requirements of 17.6.1 through 17.6.3. commentary R17.6. The PROFIS Engineering report shows the most favorable
The values of ϕN n and ϕVn shall be the required strengths as determined from 17.3.1.1 or from results.
17.2.3.
The failure mode for a given tension or shear load condition can be expressed as a
17.6.1 If Vua /(ϕVn) ≤ 0.2 for the governing strength in shear, then full strength in tension shall be ratio of factored load to design strength:
permitted: ϕN n ≥ N u a.
17.6.2 If N ua /(ϕN n) ≤ 0.2 for the governing strength in tension, then full strength in shear shall be • Factored shear load/shear design strength = (Vua /ϕVN).
permitted: ϕVn ≥ Vua .
17.6.3 If Vua /(ϕVn) > 0.2 for the governing strength in shear and N ua /(ϕN n) > 0.2 for the governing strength) ratio for the failure modes being considered. The generalized interaction
strength in tension, then equation given in the commentary R17.6 permits the governing tension component
(N ua /ϕN N) and the governing shear component (Vua /ϕVN) to be raised to any power
Nua Vua (ℰ) between 1 and 2. When checking combined tension/shear interaction with
+ ≤ 1.2 (17.6.3)
Eq. (17.6.3), the governing tension component (N ua /ϕN N) and the governing shear
ϕNn ϕVn
component (Vua /ϕVN) are not raised to any power, so ℰ = 1.0.
Below is an example of how the PROFIS Engineering report shows the parameters
R17.6 – Interaction of tensile and shear forces used in the tri-linear interaction equation (17.6.3).
The shear-tension interaction expression has traditionally been expressed as The parameter “β N” corresponds to the governing tension component (N ua /ϕN N)
and the parameter “β V ” corresponds to the governing shear component (Vua /ϕVN).
ℰ ℰ Since (N ua /ϕN N) and (Vua /ϕVN) are not raised to any power (ℰ) when Eq. (17.6.3) is
Nua Vua
+ ≤ 1.0 used, the parameter “ℰ” is shown as 1.0 in the report. The parameter “Utilization
Nn Vn β N,V ” is calculated as follows:
where ℰ varies from 1 to 2. The current trilinear recommendation is a simplification of the βN,V = (β N)1.0 + (β V)1.0 ≤ 1.2 Eq. (17.6.3)
β N,V = (β N + β V )/1.2 ≤ 1.0 PROFIS Engineering
interaction effects where very small values of the second force are present. Another interaction
= (0.693 + 0.475)/1.2
expression that is verified by test data, however, can be used to satisfy 17.3.1.3.
= 0.973 β N,V < 1.0 OK
Example:
Utilization β N
βN βV ℰ Status
[%]
0.693 0.475 1.000 0.973 OK
β NV = (β N + β V ) 1.2 < = 1


Calculations Utilization βN,V [%]

Utilization βN,V [%] 17.6 – Interaction of tensile and shear forces The failure mode for a given tension or shear load condition can be expressed as a
Unless determined in accordance with 17.3.1.3, anchors or groups of anchors that are subjected to
both shear and axial loads shall be designed to satisfy the requirements of 17.6.1 through 17.6.3. • Factored tension load/tension design strength = (N ua /ϕN N)
The values of ϕN n and ϕVn shall be the required strengths as determined from 17.3.1.1 or from • Factored shear load/shear design strength = (Vua /ϕVN)
17.2.3.
PROFIS Engineering references these ratios as “utilizations”, and shows them in
17.6.1 If Vua /(ϕVn) ≤ 0.2 for the governing strength in shear, then full strength in tension shall be the report as a percentage.
permitted: ϕN n ≥ N ua .
Part 3 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the utilizations for each tension
17.6.2 If N ua /(ϕN n) ≤ 0.2 for the governing strength in tension, then full strength in shear shall be failure mode being considered and designates “tension utilizations” via the
permitted: ϕVn ≥ Vua . parameter “β N”.
17.6.3 If Vua /(ϕVn) > 0.2 for the governing strength in shear and N ua /(ϕN n) > 0.2 for the governing 3 Tension load
strength in tension, then Load Nua Capacity Utilization
Status
Nua Vua Steel strength* 5,000 14,550 35 OK
+ ≤ 1.2 (17.6.3)
ϕNn ϕVn Bond strength** 10,000 31,564 32 OK
Part 4 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the utilizations for each shear
failure mode being considered and designates “shear utilizations” via the
parameter “β V ”.
4 Shear load
Status
Pryout (bond strength controls)* 6,000 52,765 12 OK

Calculations Utilization βN,V [%] (continued)

Utilization βN,V [%] The “governing” failure mode can be defined as the highest utilization for the
failure modes being considered. PROFIS Engineering designates the sum of
the utilization for the governing failure mode in tension and the utilization for the
governing failure mode in shear as “β N,V ”, and shows it as a percentage in Part 5
of the report.
For the examples above, concrete breakout failure is the governing tension
failure mode (β N = 51%) and concrete edge failure in direction x+ is the
governing shear failure mode (β V = 60%). PROFIS Engineering would calculate
β N,V per Eq. (17.6.3) as follows:
β N,V = (β N + β V)/1.2
= (0.51 + 0.6)/1.2 = 0.925
Example:
Utilization β N
βN βV ℰ Status
[%]
0.510 0.600 1.000 0.925 OK
β NV = (β N + β V ) 1.2 < = 1


Results Status
Status 17.6 – Interaction of tensile and shear forces PROFIS Engineering designates the parameter (N ua /ϕN n) as”β N”, and shows it as
Unless determined in accordance with 17.3.1.3, anchors or groups of anchors that are subjected to to-concrete provisions for tension are satisfied if all the β N -values for the tension
both shear and axial loads shall be designed to satisfy the requirements of 17.6.1 through 17.6.3. failure modes being considered are ≤ 100%. The highest β N -value corresponds to
The values of ϕN n and ϕVn shall be the required strengths as determined from 17.3.1.1 or from the “controlling” or “governing” failure mode in tension, and is used as the tension
17.2.3. component in Eq. (17.6.3).
17.6.1 If Vua /(ϕVn) ≤ 0.2 for the governing strength in shear, then full strength in tension shall be PROFIS Engineering designates the parameter (Vua /ϕVn) as”β V ”, and shows it as
permitted: ϕN n ≥ N ua . a percentage (%) in the report under the heading “Status”. ACI 318-14 anchoring-
17.6.2 If N ua /(ϕNn) ≤ 0.2 for the governing strength in tension, then full strength in shear shall be to-concrete provisions for shear are satisfied if all the β V -values for the shear
permitted: ϕVn ≥ Vua . failure modes being considered are ≤ 100%. The highest β V -value corresponds
to the “controlling” or “governing” failure mode in shear, and is used as the shear
17.6.3 If Vua /(ϕVn) > 0.2 for the governing strength in shear and N ua /(ϕN n) > 0.2 for the governing component in Eq. (17.6.3).
strength in tension, then
For the example below, all the β N -values are ≤ 100%; therefore, PROFIS
Engineering shows the “Status” for each value as “OK” since ACI 318 anchoring-
Nua Vua to-concrete provisions are satisfied. Concrete Breakout Failure is the governing
+ ≤ 1.2 (17.6.3)
ϕNn ϕVn failure mode for tension because it has the highest utilization (β N = 51%). This
value is used as the tension component in Eq. (17.6.3). However, the β V -value for
Concrete Edge Failure in direction x+ is > 100% (β V = 130%); therefore, PROFIS
Engineering shows the “Status” for this β V -value as “not recommended” since
The PROFIS Engineering anchor portfolio includes post-installed mechanical anchors, post-
ACI 318 anchoring-to-concrete provisions are not satisfied. β V = 130% is also the
governing failure mode for shear because it has the highest utilization. This value
is used as the shear component in Eq. (17.6.3).
Example:
steel strength: β N = N ua(i)/ϕ steelN sa
3 Tension load
pullout strength: β N = N ua(i)/ϕconcreteN pn,f´c
Status
concrete breakout strength: β N = N ua(i)/ϕconcreteN cb or βN = N ua(g)/ϕconcreteN cbg [lb] ϕNn [lb] β N = Nua/ϕNn
steel strength: β N = N ua(i)/ϕ steelN sa
bond strength: βN = N ua(i)/ϕ bondN a or βN = N ua(g)/ϕ bondN ag
(for bond strength): β N = N ua(i)/0.55ϕ bondN ba ** Anchor group (anchors in tension)
concrete breakout strength: β N = N ua(i)/ϕconcreteN cb or βN = N ua(g)/ϕconcreteN cbg
cast-in anchor 4 Shear load

steel strength: β N = N ua(i)/ϕ steelN sa Capacity ϕVn Utilization
pullout strength: β N = N ua(i)/ϕconcreteN pn,f´c
concrete breakout strength: β N = N ua(i)/ϕconcreteN cb or βN = N ua(g)/ϕconcreteN cbg Steel failure with lever
N/A N/A N/A N/A
side-face blowout strength: β N = N ua(i) /ϕ concrete N sb or β N = N ua(g) /ϕ concrete N sbg arm*
15,000 76,400 20 OK
controls)*
15,000 11,592 130
direction x+** recommended

Results Status (continued)

Status The following shear failure modes are considered for each type of anchor: When the governing β N -value (51%) and the governing β V -value (130%) for the
example above are used in Eq. (17.6.3), the calculation results would be shown in
post-installed mechanical anchor PROFIS Engineering as follows:
β N,V = (β N + β V)/1.2
concrete pryout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcp or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcpg = (0.51 + 1.3)/1.2 = 1.508
post-installed adhesive anchor Eq. (17.6.3) has not been satisfied, so the report shows the “Status” as “not
recommended”.
steel strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ steelVs a
concrete breakout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcb or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcbg Example:
concrete pryout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcp or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcpg 5 Combined tension and shear loads
Utilization β N
cast-in anchor βN βV ℰ Status
[%]
steel strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ steelVsa 0.510 0.600 1.000 1.508 OK
concrete breakout strength: β V = Vua(i) /ϕ concreteVcb or β V = Vua(g) /ϕ concreteVcbg β NV = (β N + β V ) 1.2 < = 1
where Vua(i) corresponds to the highest factored shear load acting on an individual anchor and Vua(g) Part 5 of the PROFIS Engineering report shows the “Status” for Eq. (17.6.3)
corresponds to the total factored shear load acting on a group of anchors. calculation results as either “OK” if Eq. (17.6.3) is satisfied, or “not recommended”
if Eq. (17.6.3) is not satisfied. PROFIS Engineering considers Eq. (17.6.3) to be
satisfied if (β N + β V)/1.2 is ≤ 1.0.
Reference the PROFIS Engineering design guide section on Utilization β N,V [%] for
additional information about PROFIS Engineering interaction calculations.

DESIGN GUIDE
REPORT
ACI 318-14
ADHESIVE ANCHOR
GROUP

Group calculations are for Ncbg, Nag, Vcbg, and Vcpg .
HILTI PROFIS ENGINEERING 3.0.44 Adhesive anchor group
ameter: HIT-HY 200 + HAS-V-36 (ASTM F1554 Gr. 36) 1

Example
notPROFIS
availableEngineering Report
(element) / 2022793 for an adhesive anchor group
HIT-HY
200-R (adhesive)
Group calculations are for N cbg, Nag, Vcbg, and Vcpg
depth: hef,opti = 20.000 in. (hlimit = - in.)
ASTM A 1554 Grade 36
1 Input data
eport: ESR-3187
Anchor type and diameter: HIT-HY 200 + HAS-V-36 (ASTM F1554 Gr. 36) 1
4/1/2019 | 3/1/2020
Item number: not available (element) / 2022793 HIT-HY 200-R (adhesive)
Design Method ACI 318-14 / Chem
Effective embedment depth: hef,opti = 20.000 in. (hlimit = - in.)
Material:
without clamping (anchor); restraint level (anchor plate): 1.00; eb = 2.000 in.; t = 1.000 in.
ASTM A 1554 Grade 36
l x l
EvaluationxService
y x t = 20.000
Report: in. x 16.000 in x 1.00 in.;
ICC-ESR3187 (Recommended plate thickness: not calculated)
no profile
Issued | Valid: 4/1/2019 | 3/1/2020
Proof: cracked lightweight concrete, 4000, Design f’c = 4000 psi;ACI
Method h= 24.000
318-14 in., Temp. short/long: 68/68 0F
/ Chem
Stand-off installation: without clamping (anchor); restraint level (anchor plate): 1.00; eb = 2.000 in.; t = 1.000 in.
hammer drilled hole, installation condition: Dry
Anchor plateR : l x l x t = 20.000 in. x 16.000 in x 1.00 in.; (Recommended plate thickness: not calculated)
tension: condition B, shear: conditionx B;y no supplemental splitting reinforcement present
Profile: no profile
edge reinforcement: none or < No. 4cracked
Base material:
bar lightweight concrete, 4000, f´ = 4000 psi; h = 24.000 in., Temp. short/long: 68/68 °F
c
, D, E, or F) Tension load: yes (17.2.3.4.3 (d))
Installation: hammer drilled hole, installation condition: Dry
Shear load: yes (17.2.3.5.3 (c))
Reinforcement: tension: condition B, shear: condition B; no supplemental splitting reinforcement present
edge reinforcement: none or < No. 4 bar
ation isSeismic
basedloads
on a(cat.
rigidC,anchor plate
D, E, or F) assumption
Tension load: yes (17.2.3.4.3 (d))
Shear load: yes (17.2.3.5.3 (c))
R
– The anchor calculation is based on a rigid anchor plate assumption
ading [lb, in.lb]
Geometry [in.] & Loading [lb, in.lb]
_____________________________________________________________________________________
hecked for1.1 Design
conformity results
with the existing conditions and for plausibility!
Case
2018 Hilti AG, FL-9494 Schaan Hilti is a registered Trademark of Hilti AG, Schaan Description Forces [lb] / Moments [ in.lb] Seismic Max. Util. Anchor [%]
1 Combination 1 N = 20,000; Vx = 1000; Vy = 0 no 100
Mx = 0; My = 0; Mz = 0;
1
Nsus = 18,000; Mx,sus = 0; My,sus = 0;
Input data and results must be checked for conformity with the existing conditions and for plausibility! * PROFIS Engineering ( c ) 2003-2018 Hilti AG, FL-9494 Schaan Hilti is a registered Trademark of Hilti AG, Schaan

1.1 Design results
HILTI PROFIS ENGINEERING 3.0.44
Case Description Forces [lb] / Moments [ in.lb] Seismic Max. Util. Anchor [%]
Adhesive anchor group
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
1 Combination 1 N = 20,000; Vx = 1000; Vy = 0 no 100
Mx = 0; My = 0; Mz = 0;
Nsus = 18,000; Mx,sus = 0; My,sus = 0;
Example PROFIS Engineering Report for an adhesive anchor group
2 Load case/Resulting anchor forces

2 Load case/Resulting anchor forces
Load case: Design Loads Load case: Design Loads

Anchor reactions [lb]
Tension force: (+Tension, -Compression)
Anchor reactions [lb]
Anchor Tension
Tension force force:Shear
(+Tension,
force -Compression)
Shear force x Shear force y
1 5,000 250 250 0

Anchor Tension force Shear force Shear force x Shear force y
2 5,000 250 250 0
1 5,000 250 250 0
3 5,000 2 5,000
250 250
250 250 0 0
4 5,000 3 5,000
250 250
250 250 0 0
4 5,000 250 250 0
max. concrete compressive strain: - [0/00]
max. concrete compressive stress: - [psi]
max. concrete compressive
resulting tension force in (x/y)=(0.000/0.000): 20,000 [lb] strain: - [0/00]
resulting compression force in (x/y)=(0.000/0.000): 0 [lb]
max. concrete compressive stress: - [psi]
resulting
Anchor forces are calculated based on the tension force
assumption in (x/y)=(0.000/0.000):
of a rigid anchor plate. 20,000 [lb]
resulting compression force in (x/y)=(0.000/0.000): 0 [lb]
3 Tension Load Anchor forces are calculated based on the assumption of a rigid anchor plate.
Load N ua [lb] Capacity ϕN n [lb] Utilization β N = N ua /ϕN n Status
Steel Strength* 5,000 26,437 19 OK

Bond Strength** 20,000 40,774 50 OK
Sustained Tension Load Bond Strength* 3 Tension Load 4,500 14,038 33 OK
Concrete Breakout Failure** 20,000 Load Nua [lb] Capacity
42,756 fNn [lb] Utilization bN =47Nua/fNn Status OK
Steel Strength*
* highest loaded anchor ** anchor group (anchors in tension) 5,000 26,437 19 OK
Bond Strength** 20,000 40,774 50 OK

3.1 Steel Strength
N sa = ICC-ESR value refer to ICC-ESR-3187
Sustained Tension Load Bond Strength* 4,500 14,038 33 OK
ϕN sa ≥ N ua ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1
Variables Concrete Breakout Failure** 20,000 42,756 47 OK

A se [in 2 ] futa [psi]
0.61 * highest loaded anchor ** anchor
58,000 group (anchors in tension)
Calculations
N sa [lb]
35,130
Results
N sa [lb] ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ϕ steel ϕ nonductile ϕN sa [lb] N ua [lb]
35,130 Input data and results must be checked for conformity with the existing conditions and for plausibility!
0.750 1.0 26,347 5000
PROFIS Engineering ( c ) 2003-2018 Hilti AG, FL-9494 Schaan Hilti is a registered Trademark of Hilti AG, Schaan
370 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE2DESIGN GUIDE —


3.2 Bond Strength

ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.1b)
A Na
Nag ψec,Na ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba (17.4.5.1b)
A Na0
ϕN ag ≥ N ua ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1

A Na = see ACI 318-14, Section 17.4.5.1, Fig. R17.4.5.1(b)
A Na0 = (2cNa)2 ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.1c)
тuncr ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.1d)
cNa = 10da
1100
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.3)

1
ψec,Na =
e´N
1+
cNa
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.4b)

ca,min
ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 ≤ 1.0
cNa
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.5b)

ca,min cNa
ψcp,Na = MAX , ≤ 1.0
cac cac
Nba = λa тk,c α N,seis πda hef ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.2)
Variables
tk,c,uncr [psi] d a [in.] h ef [in.] c a,min [in.] tk,c [psi]
2,327 1.000 20.000 30.000 1,389
e c1,N [in.] e c2,N [in.] c ac [in.] λa α N,sei

0.000 0.000 57,969 0.45 0.970
Calculations
c Na [in.] A Na [in. 2] A Na0 [in. 2] ψ ed,Na
14.478 1,841.29 838.50 1.00
ψ ec1,Na ψ ec2,Na ψ cp,Na N ba [lb]

1.000 1.000 1.000 38,088
Results
N ag [lb] ϕ bond ϕ seismic ϕ nonductile ϕN ag [lb] N ua [lb]
83,640 0.650 0.750 1.000 40,774 20,000


3.3 Sustained Tension Load Bond Strength

0.55 ϕNba ≥ Nua,s ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.3.1.2)
Nba = λa тk,c πda hef ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.2)
Variables
λa т kc [psi] d a [in.] h ef [in.]
0.450 1,389 1.000 20.000
Calculations
N ba [lb]
39,266
Results
N ba [lb] ϕ bond 0.55 ϕN ba [lb] N uas [lb]
39,266 0.650 14,038 4,500


3.4 Concrete Breakout Failure

14 Eq. (17.4.2.1b)
A Nc
Ncbg ψec,N ψed,N ψc,N ψcp,N Nb
A Nc0
ϕN cbg ≥ N ua ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1

A Nc = see ACI 318-14, Section 17.4.2.1, Fig. R17.4.2.1(b)
A Nc0 = 9 h ef2 ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.2.1c)
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.2.4)
1
ψec,N = ≤ 1.0
2e´N
1+
3hef
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.2.5b)

ca,min
ψed,N = 0.7 + 0.3 ≤ 1.0
1.5hef
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.2.7b)

ca,min 1.5hef
ψcp,N = MAX , ≤ 1.0
cac cac
N b = kc λ a f´c hef 1.5 ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.2.2a)
Variables
h ef [in.] e c1,N [in.] e c2,N [in.] c a,min [in.] ψ c,N
20.000 0.000 0.000 30.000 1.000
c ac [in.] kc λa f´c [psi]

57.969 17 0.600 4000
Calculations
A Nc [in. 2] A Nc0 [in. 2] ψ c1,N ψ ec2,N ψ ed,N ψ cp,N N b [lb]
5,472.00 3,600.00 1.000 1.000 1.00 1.000 57,700
Results
N cbg [lb] ϕ concrete ϕ seismic ϕ nonductile ϕN cbg [lb] N ua [lb]
87,704 0.650 0.750 1.000 42,756 20,000


4 Shear Load
Load Vua [lb] Capacity ϕVn [lb] Utilization βV = Vua /ϕVn Status
Steel Strength* 250 8,221 4 OK

Bond Strength** 250 812 31 OK
Pryout Strength (Bond Strength controls)** 1,000 117,095 1 OK
* highest loaded anchor ** anchor group (anchors in tension)
4.1 Steel Strength

Vsa = αV,seis (0.6 A se,V futa) refer to ICC-ESR-3187
ϕVsteel ≥ Vua ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1
Variables
A se,v [in 2 ] futa [psi] α V,seis 0.6 A se,V futa [lb]
0.61 58,000 0.6000 21,080
Calculations
Vsa,eq [lb]
12,648
Results
Vsa [lb] ϕ steel ϕVsa,eq [lb] Vua [lb]
12,648 0.650 8,221 250


4.2 Steel failure (with lever arm)

bending equation for stand-off
α MM s
VsM =
Lb
resultant flexural resistance of anchor

Nua
Ms = Ms0 1-
ϕNsa
M s0 = (`1.2) (S) (f u,min) characteristic flexural resistance of anchor

[1-(N ua /ϕN sa)] reduction for tensile force acting simultaneously with a shear force on the anchor
elastic section modulus of anchor bolt at concrete surface
π (d) 3
S=
32
L b = z + (n)(d 0) internal lever arm adjusted for spalling of the surface concrete
ϕVsM ≥ Vua ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1
Variables
αm f u,min [psi] N ua [lb] ϕN sa [lb] z [in] n d 0 [in]
1.000 58,000 5,000 26,347 2.500 0.500 1.00
Calculations
M s0 [in.lb] [1-(N ua /ϕN sa)] M s [in.lb] L b [in]
4,628 0.810 3,749 3.000
Results
VsM [lb] ϕ steel ϕVsM [lb] Vua [lb]
1,250 0.650 812 250


4.3 Pryout Strength (Bond Strength controls)

ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.5.3.1b)
A Na
Vcpg = kcp ψec1,Na ψec2,Na ψed,Na ψcp,Na Nba
A Na0
ϕVcpg ≥ Vua ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1

A Na = see ACI 318-14, Section 17.4.5.1, Fig. R17.4.5.1(b)
A Na0 = (2 cNa)2 ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.1c)
тuncr ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.1d)
cNa = 10da
1100
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.3)

1
ψec,Na =
e´N
1+
cNa
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.4b)

ca,min
ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 ≤ 1.0
cNa
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.5b)

ca,min cNa
ψcp,Na = MAX , ≤ 1.0
cac cac
Nba = λa тk,c α N,seis πda hef ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.4.5.5b)
Variables
kcp tk,c,uncr [psi] d a [in.] h ef [in.] c a,min [in.] tk,c [psi]
2 2,327 1.000 20.000 30.000 1,389
e c1,N [in.] e c2,N [in.] c ac [in.] λa α N,sei

0.000 0.000 57,969 0.450 0.970
Calculations
c Na [in.] A Na [in. 2] A Na0 [in. 2] ψ ed,Na
14.478 1,841.29 838.50 1.00
ψ ec1,Na ψ ec2,Na ψ cp,Na N ba [lb]

1.000 1.000 1.000 38,088
Results
Vcpg [lb] ϕ concrete ϕ seismic ϕ nonductile ϕVcpg [lb] Vua [lb]
167,279 0.700 1.00 1.000 117,095 1,000


4.4 Concrete edge failure in direction x+

ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.5.2.1b)
AVc
AVc0
ϕVcbg ≥ Vua ACI 318-14 Table 17.3.1.1

AVc = see ACI 318-14, Section 17.5.2.1, Fig. R17.5.2.1(b)
AVc0 = 4.5 ca12 ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.5.2.1c)
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.5.2.5)
1
ψec,V = ≤ 1.0
2e´ V
1+
3ca1
ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.5.2.6b)

ca2
ψed,V = 0.7 + 0.3 ≤ 1.0
1.5ca1
1.5c a1 ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.5.2.8)

ψh,V = ≥ 1.0
ha
V b = 9λa f´c (ca1)1.5 ACI 318-14 Eq. (17.5.2.2b)
Variables
c a1 [in.] c a2 [in.] e cV [in.] ψ c,V h a [in.]
30.000 - 0.000 1.000 24.000
l e [in.] λa d a [in.] f´c [psi] ψ parallel,v

8.000 0.600 1.000 4000 1.000
Calculations
A Vc [in. 2 ] A Vc0 [in. 2 ] ψ ec,V ψ ed,V ψ h,V Vb [lb]
2,448.00 4,050.00 1.000 1.000 1.369 56,118
Results
Vcbg [lb] ϕ concrete ϕ seismic ϕ nonductile ϕVcbg [lb] Vua [lb]
46,448 0.700 1.000 1.000 32,513 1,000



βN βV ℰ Utilization βN,V [%] Status
0.491 0.308 5/3 45 OK
βNV = βN ℰ + βV ℰ <= 1
6 Warnings
•T
he anchor design methods in PROFIS Engineering require rigid anchor plates per current regulations
(AS 5216:2018, ETAG 001/Annex C, EOTA TR029 etc.). This means load re-distribution on the anchors
due to elastic deformations of the anchor plate are not considered — the anchor plate is assumed to be
sufficiently stiff, in order not to be deformed when subjected to the design loading. PROFIS Engineering
calculates the minimum required anchor plate thickness with CBFEM to limit the stress of the anchor
plate based on the assumptions explained above. The proof if the rigid anchor plate assumption is valid
is not carried out by PROFIS Engineering. Input data and results must be checked for agreement with the
existing conditions and for plausibility!
•C
ondition A applies where the potential concrete failure surfaces are crossed by supplementary
reinforcement proportioned to tie the potential concrete failure prism into the structural member. Condition
B applies where such supplementary reinforcement is not provided, or where pullout or pryout strength
governs.
•A
CI 318 does not specifically address anchor bending when a stand-off condition exists. PROFIS
Engineering calculates a shear load corresponding to anchor bending when stand-off exists and includes
the results as a shear Design Strength!
•D
esign Strengths of adhesive anchor systems are influenced by the cleaning method. Refer to the
INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE given in the Evaluation Service Report for cleaning and installation instructions.
•F
or additional information about ACI 318 strength design provisions, please go to
https://submittals.us.hilti.com/PROFISAnchorDesignGuide/
•A
n anchor design approach for structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F is given in
ACI 318-14, Chapter 17, Section 17.2.3.4.3 (a) that requires the governing design strength of an anchor or
group of anchors be limited by ductile steel failure. If this is NOT the case, the connection design (tension)
shall satisfy the provisions of Section 17.2.3.4.3 (b), Section 17.2.3.4.3 (c), or Section 17.2.3.4.3 (d). The
connection design (shear) shall satisfy the provisions of Section 17.2.3.5.3 (a), Section 17.2.3.5.3 (b), or
Section 17.2.3.5.3 (c).
•S
ection 17.2.3.4.3 (b) / Section 17.2.3.5.3 (a) require the attachment the anchors are connecting to the
structure be designed to undergo ductile yielding at a load level corresponding to anchor forces no
greater than the controlling design strength. Section 17.2.3.4.3 (c) / Section 17.2.3.5.3 (b) waive the
ductility requirements and require the anchors to be designed for the maximum tension / shear that can
be transmitted to the anchors by a non-yielding attachment. Section 17.2.3.4.3 (d) / Section 17.2.3.5.3 (c)
waive the ductility requirements and require the design strength of the anchors to equal or exceed the
maximum tension / shear obtained from design load combinations that include E, with E increased by W0.
• Installation of Hilti adhesive anchor systems shall be performed by personnel trained to install Hilti
adhesive anchors. Reference ACI 318-14, Section 17.8.1
Fastening meets the design criteria!


7 Installation data
Profile: no profile Anchor type and diameter: HIT-HY 200 + HAS-V-36 (ASTM F1554 Gr.36) 1
Hole diameter in the fixture: d f = 1.125 in. Item number: not available (element) / 2022793 HIT-HY 200-R (adhesive)
Plate thickness (input): 1.000 in. Installation torque: 1,800 in.lb
Recommended plate thickness: not calculated Hole diameter in the base material: 1.125 in.
Drilling method: Hammer drilled Hole depth in the base material: 20.000 in.
Cleaning: Compressed air cleaning of the drilled hole according to Minimum thickness of the base material: 22.250 in.
instructions for use is required
1 Hilti HAS Carbon steel threaded rod with Hilti HIT-HY 200 Safe Set System
7.1 Recommended accessories

Drilling Cleaning Setting
• Suitable Rotary Hammer • C ompressed air with required accessories to blow from the bottom of the hole • Dispenser including cassette and mixer
• Properly sized drill bit • Proper diameter wire brush • Torque wrench
Coordinates Anchor in.

Anchor x y c -x c +x c -y c +y
1 8.000 -6.000 - 46.000 - -

2 8.000 6.000 - 30.000 - -
3 8.000 6.000 - 46.000 - -
4 8.000 6.000 - 30.000 - -


8 Remarks; Your Cooperation Duties

•A
ny and all information and data contained in the Software concern solely the use of Hilti products and are
based on the principles, formulas and security regulations in accordance with Hilti's technical directions
and operating, mounting and assembly instructions, etc., that must be strictly complied with by the user.
All figures contained therein are average figures, and therefore use-specific tests are to be conducted prior
to using the relevant Hilti product. The results of the calculations carried out by means of the Software
are based essentially on the data you put in.Therefore, you bear the sole responsibility for the absence
of errors, the completeness and the relevance of the data to be put in by you. Moreover, you bear sole
responsibility for having the results of the calculation checked and cleared by an expert, particularly with
regard to compliance with applicable norms and permits, prior to using them for your specific facility. The
Software serves only as an aid to interpret norms and permits without any guarantee as to the absence of
errors, the correctness and the relevance of the results or suitability for a specific application.
•Y
ou must take all necessary and reasonable steps to prevent or limit damage caused by the Software. In
particular, you must arrange for the regular backup of programs and data and, if applicable, carry out the
updates of the Software offered by Hilti on a regular basis. If you do not use the AutoUpdate function of
the Software, you must ensure that you are using the current and thus up-to-date version of the Software
in each case by carrying out manual updates via the Hilti Website. Hilti will not be liable for consequences,
such as the recovery of lost or damaged data or programs, arising from a culpable breach of duty by you.

DBS • 05/21
Hilti, Inc. Hilti (Canada) Corporation
1-800-879-8000 | en español 1-800-879-5000 1-800-363-4458
www.hilti.com www.hilti.ca

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NORTH AMERICAN

2 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

3 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

1.5 Steel Failure Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

4 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

5 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

6 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

Equations Lb = z + (n)(d0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322 3.2 Tri-Linear 358

7 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

1.1 Bond Failure Mode 9

1.2 Concrete Breakout Failure Mode 48

1.3 Pullout Failure Mode 79

1.4 Side-Face Blowout Failure 103

1.5 Steel Failure 130

1.6 Sustained Tension Load — Bond Strength 146

8 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

9 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

10 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering

11 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

The figure below illustrates how A Na0 is calculated.

A Na0 = (c Na + c Na) (c Na + c Na)

Reference the Equations and Calculations section of the PROFIS Engineering

12 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

13 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

ψed,Na = 0.7 + 0.3 (c a1 / c Na)

14 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

15 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

16 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

Equations Nba (continued)

17 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

Outdoor Dry to fully saturated 175 200 650

Indoor Dry 110 300 1000

18 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

Variables тk,c,uncr (continued)

19 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

20 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

Variables тk,c (continued)

21 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

22 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

т k,cr post-installed adhesive anchor

23 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

Excerpted ACI 318-14 anchoring-to-concrete provisions and equations that

If ca,min ≥ cac, then ψcp,Na = 1.0 (17.4.5.5a)

24 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

Below is an illustration showing how PROFIS Engineering accounts for eccentricity

25 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

Below is an illustration showing how PROFIS Engineering accounts for eccentricity

26 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

27 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

28 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

in cracked concrete λa: Lightweight concrete modification factor

in cracked concrete hef: 

29 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

c Na is also used to calculate the following bond strength parameters:

30 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

Calculations cNa (continued)

31 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

Reference the Equations more information on A Na .

Reference the Calculations section for more information on c Na .

32 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

in cracked concrete report for more information on c Na .

33 NORTH AMERICAN PROFIS ENGINEERING ANCHORING TO CONCRETE DESIGN GUIDE —

Below is an illustration showing how PROFIS Engineering accounts for eccentricity

A Na0 = (c Na + c Na) (c Na + c Na)

in cracked concrete hef:

ANc0 = (1.5hef + 1.5hef) (1.5hef + 1.5hef)