Hamid Saeid, PhD

University of Zakho

School of Life Science

Biology Department
Layout and Design of a Formal Report
• Title page

• Summary

• Introduction

• Discussion and Finding

• Reference
 Title page

EVALUATION OF SELF MOTIVATION AMONG FIRST

YEAR STUDENT OF BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF
ZAKHO UNIVERSITY AT 2015
Project
Name Prepared by:
Nawzad A. Hassan Group
Name

February 3, 2015
Date
University of Zakho
Place
School of Life Science
Biology Department
 Summary

• The most important page in the report

• Should be written at the end.

• Keep it short, make it interesting and

informative

• Keep the intended readers clearly in mind

 Summary

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 Introduction

• Usually 1-2 pages

• 3 components:

– The Background

– The Purpose

– The Scope
Introduction Cont.

• The Background describes events leading

up to the existing situation, what projects (if

any) have been done previously, and why the

project or study is necessary

• The Purpose defines what the project or

study is to achieve, and who authorized it

• The Scope outlines any limitations imposed on

the project.
EVALUATION OF SELF MOTIVATION AMONG FIRST
YEAR STUDENT OF BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF
ZAKHO UNIVERSITY AT 2015
INTRODUCTION

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How to have an effective reading?

• Close all modern technology device

like Phone, Email, Facebook ….
• Take break.
• Take note and organize them every
day.
• Write sentence with academic
word.
AVOID
DANGER

• Plagiarism :Stole work of other people.

• Copy and past ( paraphrasing )

• Using non-academic words.

• Using I, WE, HE, SHE ……

• Use DO NOT instead DON’T.

 Discussion of Findings

• Major sections with a heading for each – one

• Organize your information use subheadings

and subcategories
• Include tables, graphics, pictures where
appropriate
 Recommendations

• Be brief, and draw your main points from the

Discussion
• Be strong, and advocate action

• Satisfy the requirements established in the

Introduction
• Use point form if several recommendations
are being made
 Recommendations

To improve the self-motivation among biology

student, we recommend that biology department
take the following steps:

1. Giving extra mark for student who participate in any

scientific activity inside and outside university.

2. Increasing competition level among student by

organizing biology quiz.

 References

• You must include a list of references (sources

of your information)
• (Heath, 1998)

• (Ulanova & Tsang, 2009).

• (Alonso et al., 1993)

 References
1-Article: Author (Year). Title. Journal.
Volume (Issue): Pages.

•Alonso, J.C.; Stiege, A.C.; and Luder, G.

1993. Genetic recombination in Bacillus. Mol
Gen Genet. 239 (1-2): 129-136.
• 2-Website: Author, (Year) Title.
[cited Access Year Access Date]. Available
from: link.
• WHO, (2000) World Health Organization.
The world health report. [cited 2012May 1].
Available from
http://www.who.int/whr/2000/en/whr00_en.
pdf. htm
3-Book: Author, (Year).
Title. Edition ed. Vol. Volume. Place
Published: Publisher. Number of Pages.
ANY QUESTION