Titration of HCI Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3

Final burette reading 33.80 32.80 34.60

(ml)
Initial burette reading 50.00 50.00 50.00
(ml)
Volume of NaOH 16.20 17.20 15.40
added (final – initial)
(ml)
Volume of NaOH 0.0162 0.0172 0.0152
added (litre)
Number of mol of 0.025 0.025 0.025
NaOH used
Molarity of NaOH 1.54 1.45 1.62
(moles NaOH / liters
NaOH)
Average Molarity of 1.54+1.45+1.62
=1.54
NaOH (mol/L) 3

1. Define the term titration.

- A process in which a standard reagent is added to a solution of analyte until the reaction
between the two is complete.
2. Purpose of titration analysis.
- the detection of the equivalence point, the point at which chemically equivalent amounts of
the reactants have been mixed. The amount of reactants that have been mixed at the
equivalence point depends on the stoichiometry of the reaction.
3. What is the analyte and titrant used in this titration?
- The analyte is sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH. The reagent is the hydrochloric acid, HCl.
4. Distinguish between a stoichiometric point and end point in an acid-base titration.
End point Stoichiometric point
Definition Endpoint of a titration is the Stoichiometric point is the exact point
point at which the reaction at which the reaction becomes
seems to be completed. complete.
Order of the reaction Comes after the stoichiometric Comes before the endpoint.
point.
Value Higher than the value at the Lower than the value at the endpoint.
stoichiometric point.
Observation Can be observed practically. Cannot be observed practically
Chemical species At the end point, we have the salt At the stoichiometric point, only the
and the base in the medium. salt is present in the medium.

5. Describe how phenolphthalein may be used to differentiate between an acid and a base.
- It turns colorless in acidic solutions and pink in basic solutions.
6. Describe how stoichiometric point is detected in this titration.
- In a titration, it is where the moles of titrant equal the moles of solution of unknown
concentration.
7. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium
hydroxide. What is the ratio of moles of NaOH and HCl?
- NaOH(aq)+HCl(aq)→NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)
- Mole ratio of NaOH to HCl is 1:1
8. How to determine the molar concentration of NaOH used?
- The balanced chemical equation can be framed as,
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O
For an acid
n(HCl) = (35.0 / 1000 dm3) × 0.250 mol dm-3
= 8.75 ×× 10-3mol
The mole ratio NaOH : HCl = 1:1.
The amount of NaOH present in moles is 8.75 × 10-3mol.
Now we have the equation,

First convert the volume of aqueous NaOH into dm-3

25 cm3 = 25 / 1000 dm3
= 25 × 10-3dm3
Therefore, the molar concentration of NaOH
= 8.75×10−3 / 25.0×10-3
Molar concentration of NaOH = 0.350 mol dm-3