9.

3 Geometric Sequences and Series 635

9.3 Exercises See CalcChat.com for tutorial help and worked-out solutions to odd-numbered exercises.

Vocabulary: Fill in the blanks.

1. A sequence is ________ when the ratios of consecutive terms are the same. This ratio is the ________ ratio.
2. The term of a geometric sequence has the form an = ________.
3. The sum of a finite geometric sequence with common ratio r ≠ 1 is given by Sn = ________.
4. The sum of the terms of an infinite geometric sequence is called a ________ ________.

Skills and Applications

Determining Whether a Sequence Is 35. 9, 18, 36, . . . 36. 5, −10, 20, . . .
Geometric In Exercises 5–12, determine 27
37. 6, −9, 2 , . . . 38. 80, −40, 20, . . .
whether the sequence is geometric. If so, find
the common ratio. Finding a Term of a Geometric
Sequence In Exercises 39–46, find the
5. 3, 6, 12, 24, . . . 6. 5, 10, 15, 20, . . .
1 1 1
specified term of the geometric sequence.
7. 27 , 9, 3, 1, . . . 8. 27, −9, 3, −1, . . .
39. 8th term: 6, 18, 54, . . .
9. 1, 12, 13, 14, . . . 10. 5, 1, 0.2, 0.04, . . .
40. 7th term: 5, 20, 80, . . .
4 8 16
11. 1, − √7, 7, −7√7, . . . 12. 2, , , ,. . . 41. 9th term: 13, − 16, 12
1
,. . .
√3 3 3√3 3 2
42. 8th term: 2, −1, 3, . . .
Writing the Terms of a Geometric 43. a3: a1 = 16, a4 = 27 3
44. a1: a2 = 3, a5 = 64
4
Sequence In Exercises 13–22, write the
45. a6: a4 = −18, a7 = 23 46. a5: a2 = 2, a3 = − √2
first five terms of the geometric sequence.
13. a1 = 4, r −3 14. a1 = 7, r =4 Matching a Geometric Sequence with Its Graph
In Exercises 47–50, match the geometric sequence with
15. a1 = 1, r = 12 16. a1 = 6, r = − 14
its graph. [The graphs are labeled (a), (b), (c), and (d).]
17. a1 = 1, r =e 18. a1 = 2, r =π
(a) an (b) an
19. a1 = 3, r = √5 20. a1 = 4, r = −1$√2
20 750
21. a1 = 2, r = 3x 22. a1 = 4, r = x$5 16 600
12 450
Finding a Term of a Geometric 8 300
Sequence In Exercises 23–32, write an 4 150
expression for the nth term of the geometric n n
sequence. Then find the missing term. 2 4 6 8 10 −2 2 4 6 8 10

23. a1 ■
= 4, r = 12, a10 = (c) an (d) an

24. a1 ■
= 5, r = 72, a8 = 18 400

25. a1 ■
= 6, r = − 13, a12 = 12
6
200
n
26. a1 ■
= 64, r = − 14, a10 = n − 200 2 8 10

27. a1 = 100, r = ex, a9 = ■ −2 2 8 10 − 400

− 600
■
− 12
28. a1 = 1, r = e−x, a4 =
29. a1 = 1, r = √2, a12 = ■ 47. an = 18(23 )
n−1
48. an = 18(− 23 )
n−1

30. a1 = 1, r = √3, a8 = ■ 49. an = 18(32 )

n−1
50. an = 18(− 32 )
n−1

31. a1 ■
= 500, r = 1.02, a40 =
Graphing the Terms of a Sequence In Exercises
32. a1 = 1000, r = 1.005, a = ■ 60
51–54, use a graphing utility to graph the first 10 terms
Writing the nth Term of a Geometric of the sequence.
Sequence In Exercises 33–38, find a 51. an = 14(1.4)n−1 52. an = 18(0.7)n−1
formula for the nth term of the sequence.
53. an = 8(−0.3)n−1 54. an = 11(−1.9)n−1
33. 64, 32, 16, . . . 34. 81, 27, 9, . . .

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636 Chapter 9 Sequences, Series, and Probability

Sum of a Finite Geometric Sequence 83. Depreciation A tool and die company buys a
In Exercises 55–64, find the sum of the finite machine for $175,000 and it depreciates at a rate of
geometric sequence. 30% per year. (In other words, at the end of each year
7 10 the depreciated value is 70% of what it was at the
∑ ∑( )
3 n−1
55. 4n−1 56. 2 beginning of the year.) Find the depreciated value of the
n=1 n=1 machine after 5 full years.
6 8

∑ (−7) ∑ 5(− )
5 n−1
57. n−1 58. 2 84. Population
n=1 n=1
20 40 The table shows
∑ 3( ) ∑ 5( )
3 n 3 n
59. 2 60. 5 the mid-year
n=0 n=0 populations of
5 6
Argentina (in
61. ∑ 200(1.05)
n=0
n 62. ∑ 500(1.04)
n=0
n
millions) from
40 50 2009 through
∑ 2(− ) ∑ 10( )
1 n 2 n−1
63. 4 64. 3 2015. (Source:
n=0 n=0
U.S. Census Bureau)
Using Summation Notation In Exercises 65–68,
use summation notation to write the sum. Year Population
65. 10 + 30 + 90 + . . . + 7290 2009 40.9

LarsonPrecalculus.com
66. 15 − 3 + 35 − . . . − 625
3
2010 41.3
67. 0.1 + 0.4 + 1.6 + . . . + 102.4 2011 41.8

Spreadsheet at
68. 32 + 24 + 18 + 13.5 + 10.125 2012 42.2
2013 42.6
Sum of an Infinite Geometric Series 2014 43.0
In Exercises 69–78, find the sum of the 2015 43.4
infinite geometric series.
∞ 1 ∞ (a) Use the exponential regression feature of a graphing
∑ (2 ) ∑ 2(34 )
n n
69. 70. utility to find the nth term (an) of a geometric
n=0 n=0
sequence that models the data. Let n represent the
∞ ∞
∑ (− ) ∑ 2(− ) year, with n = 9 corresponding to 2009.
1 n 2 n
71. 2 72. 3
n=0 n=0 (b) Use the sequence from part (a) to describe the
∞ ∞ rate at which the population of Argentina is
73. ∑ (0.8)
n=0
n
74. ∑ 4(0.2)
n=0
n
growing.
75. 8 + 6 + 92 + 27 . . .
8 + (c) Use the sequence from part (a) to predict the
76. 9 + 6 + 4 + 3 + . . .
8 population of Argentina in 2025. The U.S. Census
Bureau predicts the population of Argentina will
77. 19 − 13 + 1 − 3 + . . .
be 47.2 million in 2025. How does this value
78. − 125 25
36 + 6 − 5 + 6 −
. . .
compare with your prediction?
Writing a Repeating Decimal as a Rational (d) Use the sequence from part (a) to predict
Number In Exercises 79 and 80, find the rational when the population of Argentina will reach
number representation of the repeating decimal. 50.0 million.

79. 0.36 80. 0.318

85. Annuity An investor deposits P dollars on the first
Graphical Reasoning In Exercises 81 and 82, use day of each month in an account with an annual interest
a graphing utility to graph the function. Identify the rate r, compounded monthly. The balance A after t years is
horizontal asymptote of the graph and determine its
( ) ( )
12t
relationship to the sum. r r
A=P 1+ +. . .+P 1+ .
12 12
∞
[ 11 −− ((0.5 )
0.5) ] ∑ ( 2 )
x
1 n
81. f (x) = 6 , 6 Show that the balance is
n=0

[ (1 + 12r ) ]( )
1 − (0.8) ∞ 12t 12
f (x) = 2[ ], ∑ 2( )
x
4 n
82. A=P −1 1+ .
1 − (0.8) 5 n=0
r

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Copyright 2018 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. WCN 02-200-203