Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
Division of Mabalacat City

1. Which describes the best feature of the volcano as shown in the picture?
An opening in the Earth's crust where magma erupts to the surface.

2. Olympus Mons on Mars is the largest known volcano in the Solar System.
It is more than 600 km across and 25 km high, with a caldera 80 km wide,
and is similar in profile to Mauna Loa in Hawaii. Based on its shape, what
https://tinyurl.co
kind of volcano is Olympus Mons?
Shield volcano

Olympus Mons
https://tinyurl.com/mwdu5hc5
3. Which of the following factors may be associated with its shape? Mt. Olympus .
erupts silently emitting low-viscosity magma.

For nos. 4-5, read the statement below.

Mt. Kilauea has been erupting continuously since 1983. It has more than two dozen craters. Most of
the eruptions are nonexplosive and contained within Halema‘uma‘u as a boiling lake of active lava.
4. Where is this large active volcanic mass located?
Hawaiian Islands
5. Which of the following is true about Mt.Kilauea?
I. It is an active volcano.
II. It is an extinct volcano.
III. It produces phreatomagmatic eruptions.
IV. It produces Plinian eruptions.
.I and III
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
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6. In late June 2021, Taal Volcano, located in the province of Batangas in

the Philippines, experienced increased volcanic activity, prompting the
evacuation of thousands from surrounding towns. Taal had been dormant
for 43 years until it became active again in January 2020. Which of the
following is not true about Mt. Taal? It .
is an inactive volcano.
Mt. Taal
https://tinyurl.com/mrywf46u
7. Mount Timolan is a semi-conical mountain found in the Zamboanga Cordillera mountain range. It
has no record of eruption. How will you classify Mt. Timolan? It is .
A. an inactive volcano.
8. Volcanoes form in different ways and release different types of lava. There are two main types of
volcanoes. Shield volcanoes form when thin, runny lava is released. This magma does not contain a
lot of gas, so it has less energy. Because of this, it releases relatively gently, and lava flows far down
the sides of the volcano before cooling. Shield volcanoes are wide and flat, resembling a shield of
armor. Composite volcanoes are formed by magma that contains a lot of gas. The thick magma builds
up enormous pressure, causing an explosive eruption. Lava from a composite volcano cools quickly
and doesn’t flow very far. As a result, lava piles up and creates mountainous slopes. A composite
volcano is most likely what you imagine when you think of a volcano. Which of the following best
describes the relationship between gas and volcanic eruption?
The more magma content, the more explosive a volcanic eruption will be.
.
9. The following are recognized signs/indicators of forthcoming volcanic eruptions, except for one,
Increase in global atmospheric temperature.
10. The vent is the path through which magma builds up. The vent is the path through which magma
travels from the magma chamber to Earth’s surface. The crater is where lava is ejected from the
volcano. After eruption lava, ash, and rock often settle on the sides of the volcano, forming layers
called strata. These layers build up over time as volcanoes take on a mountain-like shape.
Which of the following best describes the process by which magma reaches the Earth’s surface
during a volcanic eruption?
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Division of Mabalacat City

Magma builds up in the magma chamber and then travels through the vent until it is released
through the crater.
11. Which of the following should you do to be safe during a volcanic eruption?
I. Seek shelter indoors. Close the doors and windows.
II. Go out and check for possible damage and injuries.
III. Cover your nose and mouth with a damp cloth to avoid inhalation of
ash.
IV. If near a stream or river, be aware of rising water and possible
mudflows in low-lying areas. Move up-slope as quickly as possible.
I, III, and IV
12. The following statements illustrate the positive effects of volcanic eruptions, except which one?
Wells are drilled deep into the earth to pump steam or hot water to the surface.
13. All scenarios explain what is happening inside the volcano during an eruption, except?
Rocks solidify as an effect of the high temperature and pressure in the chamber.
14. The sudden violence of volcanic eruptions causes catastrophe and devastation. Various notorious
eruptions of volcanoes in the past, such as Mount Pelée, Tambora, Krakatau, and Pinatubo have
demonstrated the devastating impact of volcanic activity on nearby landscapes and communities. How
is the environment affected by volcanic eruption?
Which of the following are the devastating effects of volcanic eruptions?
I. Lava flows burn or bury everything they come across. They can run over houses,
roads, and any other structures.
II. Pyroclastic flows are so hot and choking that if one is caught in one the person will
certainly be killed.
III. During heavy ash rains houses and buildings may collapse,
and people and animals may die of lack of oxygen.
IV. Volcanic materials ultimately break down and weather to form some of the most
fertile soils on Earth, cultivation of which has produced abundant food and fostered
civilizations.
I, III, II
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
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15. People have always been fascinated with volcanoes and their burning display of nature’s power.
Even though it could bring damage to humans, animals, and properties. A volcanic eruption also has
advantages and one of those is providing energy resources. What is this form of energy that comes
from Earth’s internal heat?
Geothermal .
16. What makes geothermal energy a renewable resource?
Because of the unlimited amount of heat generated by the Earth’s core.
17. Geothermal power plants are built in strategic locations to harness heat energy. Which is not a
good location to build a geothermal power plant?
On the summit of active volcanoes.
18. Tiwi geothermal power plant in the Philippines started in May 1979. It is located at Mt. Malinao
in the Province of Albay. It is the third-largest geothermal facility in the
Philippines and has an installed generating capacity of 275 megawatts.
A billion were saved by the country in buying oil to use in generating
electricity. What m18akes geothermal energy a good alternative source
of electric power?
I. It is renewable. III. It is clean.
II. It is sustainable. IV. It is safe.

I, II, III, and IV

19. Construction of geothermal power plants in Negros Oriental, Laguna, and Albay can affect the
stability of the land. What natural disaster could be potentially caused by geothermal power plants?
earthquakes
20. What type of geothermal power plant uses steam having a temperature of 150˚C or more that
powers a turbine which drives the generator and produces electrical energy?
Dry steam power plant
21. Which of the following could provide a force to spin the turbine and generator to produce electricity?
I. Hot water II. Cold water III. Steam
III only
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Division of Mabalacat City

22. Given are the steps in generating electricity from volcanoes. Which of the following is the
chronologically correct order of the steps?
1. The steam spins the turbine, which is
connected to the generator that produces
electricity.
2. The cooling tower cools the steam which
https://tinyurl.com/2p8zyf2r
condenses back into water.
3. Wells are drilled deep into the Earth to pump
steam into the surface.
4. The cooled water is pumped back into the
Earth to begin its process again.
5. When the water reaches the surface, the drop-in pressure causes water to turn into steam.
3,5,1,2,4
23. About 18% of the energy in the Philippines is harnessed using volcanic energy. What
characteristics make the country a good location for harnessing volcanic energy?
It has a lot of volcanoes.
24. Which of the following statements is TRUE in harnessing volcanic energy?
it can be and has been used as a source of energy.
25. At a geothermal power plant, energy is being transformed to produce electricity. Complete the
flowchart by selecting the appropriate arrangement of the
energy.
1. Mechanical energy of a turbine
2. Heat from inside the Earth
3. Electrical energy
4. Mechanical energy of a generator
2,1,4,3
26. Geothermal energy can be used to heat or cool buildings. Deep
in the ground, the temperature is higher during the winter or cold
season and lower during the summer or hot season. Refer to the
figure on the right. During which season does a heat pump transport
heat in the following direction?
A. hot season
Adapted from PISA 2022 Challenge
https://tinyurl.com/yaj2wh4a
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Division of Mabalacat City

27. Baguio City is known as the summer capital of the Philippines. During summer, many people visit
this place because of its cold climate. Why do you think Baguio City has this kind of climate even
though our country is located along the Ring of Fire?
Because Baguio City has a high elevation or altitude above sea level.

For nos. 28-30. Below is a table showing the different cities in the Philippines and their Annual Average
Temperature.
Name of Place Elevation above Sea level Annual average temperature
(m) (0C)
Bacolod 10 27.5
Baguio 1400 16.0
Laoag 20 27.3
Manila 10 27.7
Tacloban 20 29.4
Tagaytay 640 22.7
Zamboanga 30 27.6
Source: http://mapcarta.com (as of September 30)

28. Which among the places in the given table has the warmest temperature?
Tacloban
29. What factors contribute to the rise in the annual average temperature of a place?
I. pollution III. industrialization
II. overpopulation IV. high elevation
I, II, III
30. Based on the data, what is the relationship between the altitude and temperature of a place?
As the altitude increases, the temperature decreases.
31. Study the given illustration below. Which of the following statements is true about the climate in
different regions on Earth?
Places near the equator are warmer because the sun’s rays strike these places vertically.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Division of Mabalacat City

The Sun’s Rays and the Earth

Source: Grade 7 Science Module

32. The climate of the place is influenced by the surrounding bodies of water. Soil absorbs heat faster
than water. At the same time, soil releases heat faster compared to water. Why does soil heat up faster
than water?
Because water has a higher heat capacity than soil.
33. One of the topographic features of an area is a mountain. Mountainous areas greatly affect the
amount of precipitation in a certain region. Which side of the mountain favors the growth of
vegetation and supports the life of diverse organisms?
windward
34. Which of the following factors affect the climate of a place?
I. topography IV. distance from bodies of water
II. altitude V. land pollution
III. latitude VI. presence of fault lines
I, II, III, IV
35. Mark Twain says, “If you don't like the weather in New England now, just wait a few minutes.”
What does this quote mean?
It means that the weather in New England can change quickly and frequently.
36. Why do mountain climbers bring thick jackets when they go up the mountain?

The temperature decreases as the altitude increases.

 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Division of Mabalacat City

For number 37, study the illustration below.

https://gallivanting.ca/marine-weather-wind/

37. Why do you feel the cold air brushing through your skin while on the beach?
At daytime, the cold air moves from the sea to the land.

For numbers 38-39 study the given map.

The Ocean Current

https://tinyurl.com/4fyty536

38. Which of the following ocean currents carries warm water and makes the air warmer?
Kuroshio Current
39. Which of the following cities would experience a cold atmosphere?
Russia, Oyashio current from the North makes it cold.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Division of Mabalacat City

For number 40 read the article below.

Salceda hopes Senate passes CDC bill: El Niño poses risk to people’s health. By: Gabriel
Pabico Lalu - Reporter / @GabrielLaluINQINQUIRER.net / 12:08 PM March 28, 2023
MANILA, Philippines — Albay 2nd District Rep. Joey Salceda hopes the Senate
would approve on third reading a bill that would create the country’s Center for
Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) when session resumes, as the El Niño season has known
links to diseases.
In a statement, Salceda explained that there have been studies indicating that an El Niño season
results in a spike in tropical diseases because weather and temperatures become more conducive
for ailments to thrive.
…“Tropical diseases can be particularly problematic. Global studies indicate a spike of between
2.5% to 28% in cases during El Nino activities. El Nino is a hotbed for epidemics – climate is
warmer than usual, and people have less water available,” Salceda said on Monday.
Source: https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1749167/salceda-hopes-senate-passes-cdc-bill-el-nino-poses-risk-to-peoples-health

40. Why do the cases of tropical diseases increase during El Nino?

The weather conditions favor the growth of bacteria and viruses and their spread.

For nos. 41-43, study the graph below.

Global temperature and carbon dioxide.

http://www.worldviewwofglobalwarming.org/pages/paleoclimate.php
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Division of Mabalacat City

41. How much is the increase in temperature from 1880 to 2010?

1.3°F
42. What happened to the amount of carbon dioxide from 1880 to 2010?
increased by 100 ppmv

43. Based on the trend, what do you think happened to the global average temperature beyond 2010?
It continued to rise.

For no. 44, read the article below.

According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), “Despite natural
influences like La Niña, sea levels continue to rise because of human-caused climate change driven by
the excess amounts of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide that society pumps into the atmosphere.
Climate change is melting Earth’s ice sheets and glaciers, adding more fresh water to the ocean while
warming causes the expansion of seawater. Both effects contribute to rising seas, overriding many
natural effects on sea surface height.” *Source: https://climate.nasa.gov

44. What steps can be taken using this information?

Help vulnerable communities around the world better understand the risks they face in a
new climate.
45. Which is the best practice to reduce the effect of climate change?
car manufacturing

For no. 47, read the article below.

NASA Global Climate Change presents the state of scientific knowledge about climate
change while highlighting the role NASA plays in better understanding our home planet. This
effort includes citing multiple peer- reviewed studies from research groups across the world,
illustrating the accuracy and consensus of research results (in this case, the scientific
consensus on climate change) consistent with NASA’s scientific research
portfolio. That being said, multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals1
show that climate-warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human
activities. In addition, most of the leading scientific organizations worldwide have issued
public statements endorsing this position. The following is a partial list of these organizations,
along with links to their published statements and a selection of related resources.
*Source: Scientific Consensus | Facts – Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet (nasa.gov)
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
Division of Mabalacat City

46. What has the scientific community concluded about climate change?
The consensus is that it is both real and man-made.

47. Observe the figure on the right. Which describes

constellations correctly?
Constellations are patterns of stars that people have
imagined forming shapes of animals, objects, or
mythical beings in the night sky.
https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default
/files/thumbnails/image/constellation_.jpg

48. Polaris isn't the brightest star in the sky, but it's usually not
hard to spot, even from the city. Which statement is true about
Polaris?
It is also known as the North Star.

https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/news/1944/ what-is-the-
north-star-and-how-do-you- find-it/

49. Stars appear to move in the night sky from east to west. What causes this apparent movement?
The Earth is rotating on its axis.
50. Constellations were observed by humans even during primitive times. The following are the uses
of constellations except for which one?
To predict the appearance of solar and lunar eclipses.
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
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ANSWER KEY

1. B 11. B 21. B 31. B 41. A

2. C 12. C 22. B 32. A 42. C
3. A 13. D 23. D 33. D 43. B
4. B 14. C 24. D 34. C 44. D
5. C 15. B 25. D 35. C 45. C
6. B 16. D 26. A 36. B 46. C
7. A 17. D 27. D 37. A 47. D
8. A 18. D 28. D 38. C 48. B
9. A 19. A 29. C 39. C 49. B
10. D 20. B 30. A 40. C 50. B