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GreekforBeginners 11190711
GreekforBeginners 11190711
in Lon don i n 1 8 69 . An m
A erica n e d i ti on of that
b ook — o
c nsiderab ly a lte re d i n fo r m ho w e v,
e r— w as
”
p ub li sh ed i n 1 8 80 as C oy s M ’
a
y o r s G re
’
e k L es s o ns .
Th e b ook n ow i ssu e d i s i n o
,
n e se nse a t lea s t
,
a ,
re vi sed edi ti n o of C oy s M
’
a y o r b u t s o n u m er o us
a n d e x te ns i ve h a v e b e e n t h e c h a n
g e s i n t ro d u c e d th at ,
i t h as seem ed p r o p e r f or m e i n
,
j u s ti ce t o b o t h P r of .
Mayor s nam’
e fro m th e ti tle page -
although m
,
ost
ch ee rfully ackn o wledgin g m y i n de bt edn ess to th e
En gli sh or La ti n .
”
Th us i t is hoped that so m e thi n g
un derstan di n g an d t o gi v e th e learn er so m
,
e gl im p se
th ey m ust b e con t en t t o ta ke a
g reat deal on t r u st ;
ci se of th e mmo y i t
e r f soon
s el beco m es i rksom th e, e
mi d i
n s stunte d , an d all i n t ellect ual in t erest di es away .
at school as h e m,
i ght pi ck up h is m odern lan guages
froma Swiss bonn e at hom e Th e on ly m ean i n g
.
an d t h en o i n ts out i n stan ce s or as ks hi mt o po i n t
p
th emout th i s is j ust th e old gram
,
mar ov er again ;
v i PREFACE .
p o rtan ce of a bo
y es pe ci al
,
l y a yo un
g b oy h av i n g a ll ,
n ot ui t g w i t h t h i s I b e li e v e g e n er a l p r i n ci
q e a r e e .
p le s of a lm o st a n
y k i n d m a y b e t a lk ed i n t o b oy s ;
w at puzzles t emi s a
h h l o n g c h a i n of reas on i n g T h
. e
p ri n ci les
p of g ram m ar are n ot m o r e a b st ra c t t h an
t h ose of ge om et ry a n d ,
I t h i n k t h e y m ay b e e x p la i n e d
in a m an ne r wh i ch i s b oth i n t ere sti n g an d use ful to
th e abler b oy E yo u n b oy s a r e c a p a b le o f
s .v e n
g
PREFACE . v ii
,
-
t h ro wn a way but th at h e h as i m
, p roved hi s k n o wl
sigh t ho w e v er slight
, i nt o th e relati on s i t bears to
,
p e nd . It i s i n te n tio n a lly so ; t h e u
p p r o se h a v i n
g
be en to pro vi de th e data or m ate ri al s for a m e thod
vi ii PREFACE .
g ra m m a r b
y m i n u te re fe re n ce s
”
Th at. c o m m an d of
is due
th e stude nt than to fin d hi m
.
se lf di squali fi e d for th e
PREF ACE . ix
m m
m
p or
pt a n d easy d oi ng of an e x erci se t h ro u h
g ere
9 ; an d to en ab le th e begi nn e r,
t herefore ,
fromti m
to test e t o ti m e h is mas tery of
ee n furnished i n Appen di x 1 1
b .
[ of i n fl ec ti o n
] a n d t h e re aso n s fo r th em are i mresse d
p
upo n t h e u i l d th us e v e n a kn o wle d e of th e
p p ; a n
: g
d ecle n si o ns b ecom es of v a lue h e kn o ws som. e
x PR EFACE .
h
t ing of lan guage .
us a n d th e outward world ; w e m a al s o sa b t w
y y e ee n
com e t hi n ki n g n ot m
”—
erely S eak i ng b ei n gs E E
, p , . V
th e fo rm s h av e b ee n im p re ssed on th e m em o r
y t h e ,
p pu i l i s t aug h t b y co rr e c t a n a ly si s t o see h o w t h e y
h av e arisen an d t o percei v e th e special causes of ap
,
p a ren t i rre
g ula r i t i e s t,
h er e i s n o d o u b t t h a t b y s u ch a
course th e atten t i o n i s sh ar en ed an d th e m
p e m o ry ren
i n creasi n g th e mt i l mou
a er aof h is studies
a nt In .
rese m
,
is a great
Pri m
,
Philology cap i i i
”
, . .
e b y th e an ce st o rs
g gua e s .E a c h of t h ese l a n u
g ga e s a g ai n c o ul d r
p pe a
,
selv e s i n th ei r t urn as
ar e n t an d h av e m n y words an d form
.
a n d con str ue
p a s
n e cti on o wi n g t o wh i ch m
, an y of t h e oldest E n gli sh
eter i n
G re ek There i s secon dly a m
,
.
, o re speci al con n ect ion
,
h as su ppli ed m
,
s but t o a
Greek ; som
,
q y ph ,
w h ile o th ers are b e i n
g e v e ry da
y a d d e d t o ex
,
e lan guages en ti rely d esti tut e ,
,
ost i n
sta n ce s wh ere Gree k an d Lati n w ould express a
ch an ge of re la ti o n by ch an gi ng th e fo rmof th e w ord
e o n ly prefix i n g t o i t un
ri m
.
fin e our atten ti on .
“
Pri mPhil
.
”
,
ca p. 1 1 .
2 GREE K FOR B EGINNERs.
m
.
na es of th e first t wo let te rs ; Gr 8 a.
m
.
m m
.
smll a
”
; i n th a t of th e last let ter, p eya
'
m ean s
“
la rge .
”
2 V owels, G r 9, 1 0 , 1 2
m
. . .
B reat hi n gs, Gr 1 7, 1 8 . .
Syllables, Gr 89 9 1 — . .
Qu a n t i ty ,
G r 9 2 ,
93 (co arse
.
pri n t o n ly) , 9 4 .
‘
— .
—
Accen t, Gr 9 5 9 7, 9 9 1 0 2 ; an d rea d 1 04 , 1 20 .
Rie m —Th
a nn e wri tten acc ents a re sai d to h av e b een in
vent ed about 20 0 B. o .
, to assist forei gners i n ac quiri ng c orrect
pr on un ci at i on .
w ords, , pro n o un ce
9
Read Appen di x 1 . Read App 2 . .
INFLECTIO N . 3
m
y s, Eevocpé
’
w, ‘
m
a teiiq , He t xh fis, M lvws , Nei h os, T ola , P680 9 , S e a l
'
m
‘
p p p p
Ti B pa a lba s, X etpwv, E /xi i,
'
' - r '
e, s ore s,
r
’
fl plwv, A0fiva t , Ea i , Ka h vsjrai ,
.
’
Di na m
'
'
Ci o r.
An d th e followi ng n ames of
go d s :Z ebs J u i ter
( p ) ,
m
1
, ,
Ex 2 Put i n to G reek
. . Phoebus, B acchus, Ili u , m
Aeschylus , Th rasy ach us, Anti go n e, E uphrosy n e, Cy m
rus, Alci bi ad es, Di a oras , A
g e i n i as , Ch ar i d é s, L
y m m
curgus, Fabi us, V ergi lius , Quin tus, Evagoras, X erx es,
m
G ordiu , Hebe, Pan th eon (e a ), Ni lus (i )
so ,
m
Re a, Socrat es, Ch arOn , Psa i s, Mopsus, HOrus, mm
Byz an ti u mHyd ,
ra, JasOn ,
Sph in x .
II .
—
INF LEC TIO N V OWEL . STEMS .
4 An
i n fl ecte d wo rd h as t wo parts th e ste , or
. : m ’
1
Rea d Gr 6 Notice t h at
9 c and mt us b eco m e a, 3; b eco m e 11,
m m
. .
m m
. . .
ste ,
ut c th e b a se of La t servi s . .
4 G REE K FOR REGINNERs .
m
.
,
.
servi s
sla ve b ut f or slav es
“
ean s
fromth e Latin
.
m
,
f ro -
cas e, is e x presse d by th e gen it i v e ; ( )
2 th e in
m
n u ber — o n ly used, ho we ver, wh en t wo are spoken
of as a pai r or couple Read Gr 1 23 . . .
G en der
, G r 1 24 1 2 7 .
-
.
n e uter wo rds, Gr 54 6 . .
5 . The A r ti cle .
In fl ec ti on of th e arti cle Gr ,
. 2 70 , 2 72 .
mt
.
, .
p art , p
r oclit i c :e g, th
’
book for th e b oo k T h e r ela t i v ely nu
mp
. . .
,
on e.
m:G
.
ho wever ,
fi ve v ari e ti es of th e
Yet all th ese v a ri eti es ha v e th e sa m e ch aracteri s
ti c, my b i th d l d pl l; d i th ua ura
li k m
as a e see n n e an an n e
d i l ti fo m of th i g l d Do i f
m
e s n u ar e r c or
m
a ec c r s a
m
,
i im b i f l i R d G 1 3
r ra , e4 c or ea
d m
r.
p
-
or at e.
'
Ta
7 f m di gm x p
.
,
i i
.
— 1 P
'
e n n es i G . . ara s
'
oi a an To ,
r.
1 35 . Also Gr 1 3 7, 1 3 8, 1 4 1 . .
g ives w
x p éi v .
v : xwpo m v
m
x pw r.
2 . Paradig m y dwp
s r
'
e a an d qw o o a
' '
, Gr 1 3 5 . . Also
Gr 1 3 9 (a an d d on ly), 1 4 0
—
. .
Th e i nfl ecti o n of t
aaxia my a be compared with
that of th e Lat f a mili a .
G as . se ,
or as . Cf paterfa
. as.
D .
9
‘
se
A . av
’
a m
P lu r N V
'
p
c lh tcu ae
m
. . .
G . ar u
D . is
A . as
m
. .
w
For i n do w, said to h ave once b een colu ar
n (Gr .
6 GREEK FOR RECINNERs .
8 Syn ta
. x—Th e arti cle as j
ad ecti ve , Gr 6 20.
( rea d
In 5 Blog é fl l b
p , if
e ra], t h e arti cle i s called
s l e i s sh o
”
r t,
i e ,
li m
fe i
gen eri c ; b ut i n 15dfylcvpé
n
'
g e n
‘
. .
Gc r t p tx ci , the a e h or is s
’
-
p a ll— re ferri n
g m t o so e m m
parti cular an chor—th e arti cle is called restri cti ve
( G r 6 5 6 ,.
Th e v ocati ve , Gr 70 9 . .
Th e gen i ti ve , Gr 72 8 . .
Th e dati v e, Gr 76 2 . .
mmb
.
i n ca se, an
-
i n str u mt l
en a or wi th -
case, a n ablat ive or fro m -
case ;
and t h at
2 Partly th rough ph on etic decay an d partly th rough ext en
m ing t h g i ti f mh m t t
.
si on of origi nal o s an d
‘
e an s e en ve or as co e
d f m l ti
,
for b th g itio d bl ti i b th f
en ve an a a ve, e. , o o an ro re a ons ;
f m l f i t m t l d l
.
,
an d th d ti e a ve ti i
or ,
a so or n s ru en a an oca ve, . e ., to,
f w i
or, th by, a t a nd i n rela ti on s
mm m ily th
.
, , ,
on ly.
exercise .
1
In t he r ay dy s vpci v, th e
‘
gi ven as t
sen se w my b
o of, or fro , a e
“
m
th e anch ors l
e es ( Acts ow a y be ren
-
dere d mt h ey w ere leav i n gf or
fea r, ”
i . e. , with fea r, i e , i n fear
. Th us easi ly do th e ea n i ngs of m
mi
. .
b elt, gi rdle
ly re
o
c n tri van ce, i nstru mt en
an c hor
m use
I say, speak of ,
declare
i l
''
. R e a d a nd tra n slate a ct fyxv a c.
p 7 5 h el o
K A
’
e ys) n i <b o
'
C d
a r i n. k ayo) r a ts
,p [t or/o a t s.
a t p nxa va l 7 6s neutro ns Ty Ni a T o w p ow wv
p
m mm
. . .
1) a m pta r o w 06 a h ave) m
y A¢ obt
p.
m m
Gi ve th e ste , n o in ati ve si ngular, an d infl ecti on
Of e ac h of
th e precedi n g a n d follo wi ng forms ; an d
m
.
,
x ro
pa, p
r i / w ,
o s ca , i pp q
y
vec i
z h w a aa,
a v, x p
ro a t , T u s,
' '
q b
ec v a s ,
p p a w ns, w
x pwv,
Tt /
t a t ,
‘
y pp
f ec v a t
s , yh aio o a s,
' '
Sula f .
Ex 4 . . T ranslate i n to Greek ’
. O f th e bees . Wi th
1 Gr 6 6 3 ; 108
my b
. .
md wi th i k
.
be subsequentl
y b rough t b ack to th e cla ss roo -
on e n an d
mi
.
b ees
I spe ak of th e m Th e wi sdomof
. . .
O f t wo b ees uses
uses
use Th e
With th e lyre of th e m
. .
g od d us e ,
T h e i e . uses I .
Paradi g m
. .
1 0 M asculi n ea
.
— s Or 1 4 5 Also 1 4 6 , . .
14 8
R —
R MA K Th e
E cont racted syllable of
‘
Eppijr
‘
Epné a fl fol
lows Gr 1 38 ; th e. accen t , 7
.
[Me mi
or ze and infiect th e n ouns
]
eart h
v o ice
fri en dsh i p
sai lo r
Spartan
ddh nr ris athlet e
son of Atreus
hoplite or heavy armed soldi er
,
-
x
pwfls j udge
Sta qbepco
'
b deh ci s Sta
i ‘
7o rroanr a i s w p ofia a v
'
h y a)
m
n
'
ro s . . .
é
¢p b )
¢o ( a rf 6 63 Lé yco Tit s p nxa vds r oii cin M -
m
7 ar
-
0 o a0 f e
r ev 3
73 ( p ol ic
y r i m aro m -
i
ar M76 ) 737dwa rf} xpt roii
.
'
.
m¢ép
.
ii A rpet80 v
’
Sta gbépw r ot} xpW e i} . 8 ¢o r e
'
.
1
Ih o '
mvé u, b ut follows Gr 1 3 8 . . Gr 780 ;.
3
74 8 .
10 GR EE K F OR B EGINNER S .
86 m y
m Ke s) r ots abe w oi s TOG aro m a oi} x a
-
l r oii rc t
p
70 13.
Ex 8 God s ’
gi f ts an d wo rks I d iff e r fro t h e m
m
. . .
—
.
d i ffer f ro th e a n i n respe c t te
-
y li fe I s e ak
p
-
t th m I m ti
.
o ge th i lo t t h j dg
esse n er en on e sa rs o e u e
Th i m tm m t f th thl t Th f i d hi p of
. .
e en s o e a e es e r en s
m Th l of th god
.
th b o th
e f thr e rs or e an . e ru e e s.
o
sa i l rs. judge Th e of th e wo rk Th e w o rk of th e
judge I m fromth e
.
en ti o n th e at hletes I d i ffer
os t i n m li fe
. .
p y .
III ADJECTIV Es
. .
G r 22 6
. Also Gr 2 2 2 e nt i re , 2 2 5, 5 82
. .
Ex p LANATIONs .
—Cas e- endin gs, etc ., Gr 1 3 3 .
(V o w e l Decl .
my b
.
,
.
s tan ti v e s re ad
( Gr 5 9 4 ,
.
16 . Erer ci ses on A cl
j ecti oes .
wi se
go dless
ri h
g ,t as opp. t o le t ; f cle v er
Gr 5 8 9. .
THE VERB .
h osti le
M os } or
far as
p rac ti ca ble , acc rdi ng o to Hin ts n e ar th e be
ginn in g of this book .
Ex t t
'
i i
'
p 9 ii i é B
'
c. h co c. va r
aa c c
px a a
p
f a
y u sos o
'
s . . .
e
k y s) dl hya 7 2
5i G X O '
YQ 6
) ( 211 0 7
5 q O ccu é
pp m 7 0 6
m
aro rroii r ii do
g .é p
r rc t f
p c } H eia b
g j Xe y m r o b s
-
. m
m .
m
.
at h I k of th l v er youn I k of
p sp e a e c e
g an spe a
go n e I spe ak to th e fe w a m
.
. on g (i e of) th e Ath e . .
,
n i an s .
IV . THE V ERR .
Gr 5 6 4 ;
. 58 9 .
12 GREE K FOR REG INNERs .
18 —
M oods Th e mood of th e verb s hows th e
mood m
.
or i
an n e r n w h i ch writer presen ts h i s state
a
m
.
lark s ké yop ev we a re sp ea ki ng
moo m impli
.
2 fi Th e In n iti ve d , as th e na e es, i s in
reali ty n o m
.
19 . Ten ses
’
—Ten se i s, stric tl y spe ak i ng , a form
m Th
.
however n ot on ly ,
future“
pres en t,
” “
p ,
as t
”
an d
“ ”
s -
e of th e
m
,
p l
e te co p l
e te d or in d
efin i te
( G r w i t h b)
Hen ce such double n am
.
, ,
.
e tc.
t im
,
mbl i th i
,
Re ad Gr 9 5 8 . .
9
Read Gr 29 9 , 30 1 . . Read Gr 30 3 , 3 0 5 .
THE V ERB .
mp
. ,
,
ste m es ;
P r esen t In di ca tive o
f s ta t .
1 la t, I a
. s m . 1 .
( G r . 1 . é w e a re
’
cc p v,
-
.
3 é a v t, h e i s
. . 3 . t hey t wo are . 3 sta t, th ey are
. .
Infin i tiv e
NomM
.
elva t . . div F i
c rc a N . 51)
h as e x ce pti ons ; G r 1 1 3 c . .
REM ARK —E n cli ti cs, lik e procli ti cs, are due to ca reless an d
m
.
22 . Elem e n ts f
o the —
V er b Th e . au gmen t ,
Gr .
3 54 . Pe rsonal en di n gs ,
acti ve only ,
Gr . 3 75, 3 76 ,
fi rst sen ten ce of both 3 77(of 3 1 1 b) . an d 3 78, 3 8 1 .
R en a m—Th e e en din gs t
p , 01, fl
p e r, are ea si ly id en tified
mw )
,
m
Co pare th e old for s in La tin m an d Greek
8 1 G ( and , L esu
. . . . m P ( op ts,
. esu mu s
2 . t oo l, es {tr-r t, est is
3 . la v f, -
est
In th e aug mt d t
en e e n ses, i
p , m , n , on ,
d ropped l wh en th e
word h ad ass u md th t
e e ex ra b urden of t h e a ug mt en at the
b eginn i ng, an d b mpec a e r r w ( of La t er a er a s era t,
-
m - -
m
, , , , , . .
era n t
-
) . Fi n a lly p b ,
eca e v, an d r w as dropped, accordi ng to
Th e verb, Gr 6 0 3 . .
Th e predi cate, G r 6 1 4 , 66 9
m
. .
d p m
a r uafl ns
'
sold ier
{drop creat ure, an i ml a
6 wbh ep os war
gbpa seat
r é w) art
x
EXPLANATIONS —I n th e present i ndicati ve
m
.
«in! my m f ma co e ro 3M “ for ( cf ( Gr 4 6 -
.
m(G
,
d ( in for ( er -
r. 62 .
ot
sl {W I(Gr 6 9 , 5 5 d ) for 3 m: low rt -
.
mp
.
d hr a ; of. a for Gr 1 6 9
—b i
e -
v, . .
hr he s
'
-
v ( Gr 8 7 2 ) e e ng a ppa re nt l
y a ph oneti c
m mi
.
,
fl aw my mf mt
a co e ro o er , n -
ar b eing a ph on et i c altern a ti ve of th e
endi ng P.
in sert ed Cf Gr 3 72 a
. . . .
p ri m
i ti ve , an ci ent
p t x
pé s mll b i f
s a ,
r e
Ex M p la ddeh drot
’
)
’
11 76 ea rc no
'
. . 1 . sa re '
h fi l l S f t é
m
o
-
a e e
'
r oar va r co v os . .
A0nva i e rror (E
i
el , d) d
’
a Liv d 0 i 1 d a 0bs
‘
w
m
/ v p o ro
.s 71 y .
r
a r a r cé n ns a t n or a l eta c r a ts M ode a cs ( ik e s oi
’
h
' - -
p
'
. .
x cra l 0 0
p
'
¢ 0 L 6 Bios r eiv ci v0 o
.
p v M p6» 80 1 1
'
mm
'
'
Ex 1 2 Th e li fe '
of th e sai l rs o w as s hort Th e
mw
. . .
al n e o . You were wi se an d
goo d . Th e brave s oldiers
w ere Spartans . Th e j udges were wi se an d clev er .
Th e i era ti ve, ho we ve r ,
h ad better be gi ven h ere :
2 . W e thou shalt be
, 2 . 550 7 0 1: 2 gav e .
3 .
'
é o ror '
3 . 50 7 0 : 3 50
1 . mm ,
or itd
'
-
m oa n
I Gr . 1 1 3 c, 1 1 6 ; 1 15 a 3 1 15 b ; ‘
6 04 , also 8 7 ( read
l ‘ so eia i
0
1 16 ; 1 13 c ; 7
611 ( )
mpti mm th
. .
9
Before a tte ng th es e exerci ses, e e voca b ula ry .
16 G R EE K FO R n Ee mN ERs .
26 . Person al en din
g s of th e i mp e rati ve act i ve,
G r 3 80
. .
Mood s igns -
an d pers o
n al en di n s
g of th e j
sub un c
3 10 a, 3 72 a ) ,
4 18 a, 3 79 .
EXPLANATIO NS .
-
d> i s fro m tic -
o
w ( n cf
. Gr 3 8 3 ,
.
i s cc
’
-
q
-
m( G r. 3 7b, cf .
5 G
’
ea -
tr n ( r 64 .
,
e i qv fir -
a r r.
i
’
t er ea -
t e v. -
m
as yo ev
l t d i ark t h e
p e e p o
e i n th e i n di cati v e m
, ,
t i ve m ust
p era
e o nly ; wh ile
w h at is ex pressed as a n o un i e by th e i n fin i ti ve i s ,
. .
, , ,
esen t i m m
, , ,
ra ti v e th e w o rd nt rely si u i
p r p e
p rese e
g
fie s form e d fro m t h e sa m e ste m an d e x press i ng th e
,
sa m
,
( G r . Read App 4 . .
Rea d Read 8 23 .
18 GREE K FOR BEGINNERS .
m
.
Ri h ue -
fl , Gr 4 0 7
. .
h ic v m h ue -
Pm ,
G r 5 5 d
. .
h voqu l vow , Gr 3 79 . a.
More, h v ow , or li v ow a v, Gr 8 7
.4 b .
We h ue 0a, Gr 3 8 3 , 2 , of. 3 93 a.
—G
-
.
New h ve c v, r 3 7e
h —
.
m
.
a ve r e- vop u, a s e x p ain ed l in § 2 2 Re .
—
3 0 Syn ta x Negat ive pa rti cles G 1 0 1 8 O
mm
r r
th e n e g a t i on i s
m m
,
31 . Ex er ci ses on V er bs .
h ear, h eed
loo se
lette r
p
'
a r a r s
'
d ar my
a r a r nv s
r
py d gen eral
p
(é fl os fe ar
1
Th e suppos ed pr i miti ve for m s of th e presen t in dicat ive of A170
an d L logo my th
a us b e gi ven
m m
.
W leso fil
k e ys a r
-
'
leges(i)
Awe fir:
-
leget (i)
THE v ans . 19
g
ton ue
951176 fl igh t
Ex 1 5 6 Kapos S a é c e ev 6 aw e
’
i
'
7 3 p ar é p fip
m
‘
av
. .
9 q .
)toe Leyevw
’
7» mp a f
yéi Ta g n
p xa vas
‘
v wok e lwv
g
e
'
m
7
'
t oa e yc
p p
f
( o
oz a v y
m
.
m
wok l s 4x53 ?) p évew
' ‘
asce tic/Lev T ip! <3v 70 6 r a ra i)
. .
xo ot p ev 7 0 9 .
m
a n ai r a e 76 W wok ep l w v bé ew 67 00 70 7 9
a q p 19
a a
b i (w b ev i
71 17 3
9 fi x o.v ee T o e va i ra q el t
/30 e o r a r a t
p a a v h éy osev 73 3 6 a b
p g p p e w ev . .
dx oé w f or ? ) mp an é '
ra s 73
‘
06 S
7 2 p gp
2 é a be ew
'
. d Sa p m
n q 7 1) ov 5 p
ar ov d yé rw r '
.
Tim a j udge of m
. . .
Wisdo m i s n ot a
.
sm
.
an I hear th at th e
messenger of th e citizens is wai ti ng Do you hear th e
.
Th e sol
'
en .
n ot bri n
g gi fts to th e j ud e s
g Th e fl ig ht of t h e P e r .
p o e t A e schy l us i s t h e sold i er A ei n i a s .
etc .
,
Gr 3 0 7, 3 0 8 . .
3
Gr 6 6 3 ; 779 b ; 6 5 8 ; 776 ; 725 a
. Gr 5 5 6 , 8 ; 8 24 5
. . a ;
3 6 1 7 Words i n pa ren th esi s are not t o b e rendered
. Gr 6 6 3 . . .
20 GR EEK FOR BEGINNERS .
—
a re e x plai n ed i n G r 3 9 2 4 0 4 ; of wh i ch th e co arser .
ri n t i s t o b e learn e d
p .
—Referring to Gr
Nor m —
3 92 4 0 4 for d et ai ls as oc ca si on re
ph fl p
( vka r r bw wv u d
m
ee a r
g
' '
( at s) .
m
h eir ess, lea ve r dw o t a rr a n ge
a m a) , i nj ur e ( d
pp é ,
o cev te ll
’
p w et
( cf. Gr . h i d e aw a k e, a n n oun ce
é cw xa tpye, rej oi ce é k
‘ '
u w ow
m
n
yy vc e
'
a xf
,
a h 8a xpti o
’'
B M t ov a w t r ow ev ct v, w eep
m
,
i
‘
ev, cf. i j udge s tw n pda a wo w
’
x
p v p rr q,
'
p er
f or
'
iva ép vg,
' '
cu t r ock
7re7 a
p
'
r ,
Nor m It
— frequently h appen s th at t h e for at ion of th e m
p re s en t st e m of an i rregular v erb ca n b e d et er i n ed b y ore m m
m
i n sp ecti on, i n Xa pfidwo ; or by
as r e ferri ng t o ki ndred w ord s, as
in ( a bya) ,
t of (bu l
r and s
w a cf O th e r wi se, t h e
-
. .
, ,
c a t alogue o f such v e rb s, Gr p 3 5 5 ,
. . ca n be us ed .
3
71 H
ela (p ron
g? 6861!
M a k e 7
93 a vepa
p
r o f
'
m .
1
Si mil a r sufli xes a re foun d i n La ti n d uco, older donec ( mdii ) ;
st e c
sl st o
-
. Rea d App 5 . .
9
Gr 4 8 ;
. 35 6 .
FORM ATION or w onns . 21
x p al ovo t r ot e
'
ya o ur e
py m
oce r a av
par/raw o r r o l v
e m .
w beby ocev dv T IW ci
px al a v 76V h el
'
6
‘
b m
m -
m
g i e r
’
t
'
t v a rn s
p . .
oi m a l
’
T in) C ai rn) » g é o é
m
-
p yo r f
r ep vev a
'
a o ov f
. r a r
p a r v .
I f
8
0
o a w eM e
y
§
a i
a r nv ow
a
a y y
¢p
“
0 a
-
0 1) a o o v x a v
a c ocev of o r a r wz e? ) Xé yova t x a i S
'
i a M p fici vov
'
x p p rat é p .
ép ya wpé o a er e, ch 7ro7
'
f
t2 t oi a r a rt éi r a t Tobe W OM
p m
'
.
' ‘
Ex 1 9 Th e
. oldiers w ere pelt in g th eir gen eral
. s .
t he people sh o uld ob ey an w as b r i n i n
g g g i fts .
Im e j ud e s t h e
v
g
dee ds of m en Th e At rei dae are hi di ng th ei r deeda
.
Th e m
,
fl eei n g en should n ot c ut th e r o ck of th e
am
.
g o d d ess W e l .e n t th e fl i h t of th e ho li tes
g p .
34 . G en eral re marks ,
Gr .
—
54 0 5 4 3 . See App 7 . .
I .
De riv at ion of
H a m
id Gr 55 6 , 3 va b m
G r 5 5 7, 2
'
s,
m
st , . . . .
le er75
p 9
-
,
G r 5 50 . . Ewa pr ui s, Gr 5 60 ‘
. .
Gr 778
. . Dat i n for . mi ,
n st r. in fa ct , i mplyi ng cause.
GR EEK FOR BEGINNERS .
m
[U se th e gen e ral v oca b ula ry h en ceforth .
]
Ex . 20 . 6 (6618 0 9 70 13 Kvptov ? px)
16 ?
3
71 9 a o la e .
m
y a n o
'
at a a r
H
’ ’
fl l 7a i e p é a vp d gop ev O eo v na l
’
b e a u dzya o e v xa ts
p .
~
v bq v 769 duk ia s oi
d fi a
por 7 6v a i va u w l
v ovo t
‘ '
He p bv
p xa h e lra 76 leuXd of d oc i
/ p '
ova t 76 . . m '
m ' '
m
.
6 p
’
y
71 0 7a pp 1 e
'
ea n
‘ '
70 29 d vfl arzrors, x a x bv 86 w 6 6 0
'
p u a s va ih
‘
a t 7
93 6 3
5 .
'
Q I
m
.
I
o 06 0 9 owc a lcoves 7a s
f 3
cla ve l x w en o
p
o x t
-
p
'
en a te v . .
8
eu a s 7u
x
A ‘
A
xa x wv m
or E w p
A
a n a r a t e vM 77 0 v 717
¢
I
1! 0 30 11
.
Q
'
3 l t
i dé s Th e .
m
,
( t h e )I L e t .t h e A t h e n i an s fl e e an d n ot su ffe r th e
te rri ble (th in gs) Not spe ech b ut earn est deeds sho w
Gyli ppus th e Spartan an d Herm
.
t he good c it i zen . o , ,
Gr 1 1 1 b ; 5
74 4 ; 6 70 3
mp
. .
e:
mm
Greek as i n En gli sh , i e , a fter t h e a rt icle ; a s, 6 6 7a 66s M the
m m
. .
wh i h mk
c a e th e a t t ri b ut i ve so mwh e at mph
e at ic by gi vi ng i t th e dig
n i ty of an a pposi ti ve ; Gr 6 6 8 . .
FORMATION or w onn s . 23
m
.
en e ral. Ni ci as w as an e x cel
len t an , but h e e rred
g j m th e b ooks of
in udg e n t Th e a nci en ts . ca lled th e
Odyssey rh a psodi e s
j
Deri va tion
Gr 5 5 9 . .
6pxuc69 , Gr 565 . .
Ga v/1 6 . 0 7 9, 6 Gr 4 75 . .
70 9 , are os oxytone.
v0 9 ,
p 0 9,
- - -
‘
Ex 22 .
erryew 6x
l
. 7 6 ax
1 w h e y n)
’
fi '
n
'
mbv 60
'
71. a m ni on
) 80 0 6 0 75 6 9 . 6 a w
rw It a b
g ) ea w
-
'
xp
A7pel6179 06a 77
’
Blov ¢OBep¢i ea rt 70 39 6 060 09 ’
70
'
n a
p .
a it a l B
O O Jl
d a n ti ) Suva ra t 67x vpa t 6 60 1 70 0 m m
m
-
7a r
-
ar
'
Swa t éi ra t
-
61 0 0 1! 70 69 70 0 Avx obpvyov .
6 7e m 2 7 6 10 76 776311 71 10
1 86779 cf
( .
70 29 Hepa a t 9 '
'
’
eu Gepp O n v ' '
mn '
rc v «pepsin our:
a
px ozev 7a m 0pw av 7rwv 7 6 a 6 ,
6 U \ . a t 6 v0 w n 0 t
'
p
' '
yfi g p pq p ¢
m
7 . 0 f v 7 ) 7 0 0 7 o v
6 u n 7779 769
[r
-
xXo mi 9 dfta v 60c ! 6x0 4
'
. of 6 6
p
Bp 69 ¢ a7
t 9 6 l 69 7 63 éiv 70 29
Gm
7 It a 7
a or ne
p 1) vex
Onplo m m
éppt ov
'
O t 0 7 a 7t w7a t
' "
m 3
m
p a a7
-
9
-
o
éBa t vov fea t of 7ro7 0 6 6 ) 9
'
6
'
t i ra t 73
’
7 6 x p a t 0 v . 7
px0
7 a ta v
6 pxa ior .
Ex 23 Th e
. horses were th e gift of th e gen eral
. .
G
r. 49 .
24 GR EE K FOR BEGINNERS .
e f ul ed t h e At h en i a n s
ro uted th e ho pli te s of th e e n em
.
y Dionysi us th e .
,
sa cri fi ce a go at to D i o nysus
uses ! 0 th a t w e
III.
Ex . 24 .61) 138
'
6 1 11 mm
) 0 1n rra l 6 1 86 6 pe76 1 6 06
. !
'
mm
8656 1) x 6 2 6 11 6 761) 810 3x0 1 6 1) 6 0 0 61 69 , 0 6 8656 1)
m
11 6 mm 6770 0 9 b d
g pp a x oz) vb o ov 7 0 29 6 0 0 a17ro1 9
'
p
'
.
0 7 1 7 el 1 n t o1) 76
'
7 o r
p ) 3 6 x6
7 1 9 6 9 x a l ol Ill /C77
9 6 q p
.
7 67ra 1 0 1)
p .0 0 11 61) 0 6 17 10 16 17 1) 6 6 1 6 7
x x t O9 6 6 81 x 0 9 11 1) .
7181) 6 v0 cc17r 1)
p
'
6m 7 39
1. E 7t é w y 71
9 1
°
6 1 0 9 6 7 171) é cpe
p e
'
f 1
‘
AX6 10 29 oi 1 61)
' ’
I7 t lov 7r0 7
’
70 29 70 29 7 0 6 t t 76 1 9 .
PM 6 0M
' '
76 1 7 631) [6 0 0 0 0311 W O
0 1 710 177 IG Z v ‘ ‘
60 71 8656 1
) K 6 p
.1 1) 00 9 n u t
p a 3
7 1) 70 21) x bxvrow 6 .
W PG Tfl Y b? fipe 6 0 11 6 20 1) 11 6 7
'
07 9 K 6p 0 9 fiM W e 761) .
Ex 2 5 Not gold b ut o
c urage w as th e w ealth of
might
. .
Gr 4 80 , 3
. .
26 GREEK FOR B EGINNERS .
Ex 2 7 A wise
. . m an s
’
leadersh i p (li t . rule
) is n ot
p of
ri z es t h e con test b eauti f ul Th y w as a b ean
Th e en em
.
t i ful thi n g
-
y were wretch ed so ldi ers The
messen ger of th e soldiers shall report (li t ann oun ce)
. .
th e Athen ia n s i n art .
Ex 6 2 10 11 p6 7179 630 1 6 7 0 9 3
0
. 28 . 1 1) 710 1)
A01) 1) 6 2o1 67 7 1 7 0 69
° ’
f
0 t6
67 01
V
7
1 6 1 0 1)
I
6
f I I
1 5 4
06 0 0 16 1)
v
11 6 2
(6 56 0 9 6 1 1) 0 0 11 1) 2 10 11 116 7179 70
pp
( a /1 6 11 0 1)
2 A01) 1) 6 2o1
’
0 15710 76p 0 70 69 11 6 11 0 69
Ex 6 2 67 6 0 1) 6 A01) 1) 6 20 9 131) 11 6 7
’
. 29 . 16 11 6 2 0 2
86 A 6 1 9 6 2 11 15
'
7 61) 6 0 1 1 16 1) 1) 6 6
1 x p
0179 1311 0 11 6 776 p1 70 6 11 6 1 17 06 76 761) 0 0 4501! fil e
'
9 76 9
1 51 v 7 7 ,
6 1
62 6 ) 7 0 69 6 1 1 170 0 9
1
) 1
x e u )
1 1 .
m
,
M p Bafv .
11 6 1 01
p
1 676 9 6 0Mov9 61) 86 6 7
'
70 1 9 M 71 } 01 0 10 1 67
0 16 9
7 67
0 6 19 6xov6 1
611 7rp0 6 06 1) 6 8 6 67 1 1 6 0 6 1) 7 1)
11 6 1 11 6 11 18 1) 611 6 7 6 6 66 7 1
p
117115
11111 1
) 1 1 61) 6. 1
1 1
1 6 10 6 06 1) 67
0 6 0 1) 7 6 11 6 11 6 6
¢p , 6 1 86
76 70 1 7 6 6 01116770 11 6 670 13 0 6701 9 oi 6 11 0 01 71 0 1 76
'
p .
761) 7 671 0 1)
6 39
1 6 -
) 76 671 6 1 11 6 1 66 1 8év8p0 1) dva fl a l va . 61)
86 71 6 76 1) 0 61) 67 9 7 61)
6 1 60 6 1 6 13
'
86 v8p91 66 71 8p1i11 01 1) .
f A I
t 0 9 69 7 6 11 11
f
86 711 1 770 76 11 10 171) 11 p0 11 0 86 17
G
6 1)
66 0 66 1 «1 11 6 1 6 6 1 1 6 8 6 1 1) 66 7 1 9
. 1)
73 )p 11 6 7 6 0 1
p 11 1 6 0 17
6 6
10 11 6 9
Ex 34 It
'
i s n ow h
( )
t e middl e of th e day , an d th e
y w a rm
. .
) F o r .
5
‘ ‘
l M G‘U [ wr estle l i pa a wa llet i n fron t ; behin d ;
116 06 680 .
28 GREEK F OR B EGINNER S .
Ex 3 5 I h av e
. . Form a horse
erly h e w as st ro n g
.
,
w h i l
e I t e ll t h e c a use Th i e v e s s to le th. e corn of th e
i x sm
.
I m
.
,
ni on f a st er alo n e i s able
pa
t o d o (it) a n d was n ot at h o m
,
e B ut a m on g th e-
.
a n d w i th h i s h e ad k n o ck e d a t th e d oor Th us th e
( )
mischief was man ifest to th e master an d h e saved
.
‘
,
h i s horse .
Ex 3 7 Th ere was on ce a m
. . ast er wh o h ad a b ri ck
reat fe a r of t h e j ud e Th fo th j ud o rders
g g e r e re e .
g e
, ,
( li t . h a ve
)q u i et th e th i e f q u i ck ly s hook h i s h e a d .
m
.
( )-
g oo d a n d j u st a n d
7
Th us would
th e go ds h ea r th e pray ers of m
.
en an d re cei ve t h e i r
sacri fi ce s .
66 71 . M00 9 .
3
676 100 3 .
5
1 1 1 00 3
7 11 .
6 6 11x111 .
7 71
6
11 0 6 6 .
THE CO NSO NANT DECL ENSION . 29
th e Persian s o
c n si dered fi re g a ; b u t w od
e kn o w th at
G od i s spi rit, an d m m en us t w o rsh i p h i m( 6 17 3 611 ) in
s pi ri t an d i n t rut h .
36 . 0 1 1 0 0 6 176 0 1 6 0
Noun s .
Case Gr 1 3 3
-
Re ad App
e n di ngs, etc . ,
m
.
m
.
1 M asculzn es a n d I e t n i n es
f — Paradig s fro
' ' '
m
m m
.
m
.
Gr 1 76 ; fro
. li qui d ste s, Gr 1 84 ( cf 550 , p, . .
“
-
70
p on ly)
m
.
—
EX PLANATIO NS FOI .
‘
e tc ,
G. r 1 7 2 a w fro
; y p ,
e . / 1)
1 ,
'
etc .
m m
. .
m m m m
. .
76 7
6 1 , p( r . 1 82 a) , 41039 (G r 1 8 3 , cf 1 72 ,
. .
mi les wi th x6p19
.
m
710 0 ,
, , 1 1
1316 10 6 11 w ith 770 111 7 11 , 1
5 po a u t w i t h 1110 w it h 76 7 .
an d p i e n on i f th ey it i n
e r sp , a e
a re trea ted i n Gr 54 8 56 9, .
— n oti ce th e last state mt
en
Of 54 6 .
Ex 3 9 0 1376p6 11 11 0 1 7631)
. .
¢ 6 7 t a 11 6 9 67 e o1)
p ¢ .
) 8
'
1
; 1 7 1136 1 11 63 1)
x p é a 6 716
B X 6 0 v6 1 m
7
3
1 11)
°
7r a 7
p 1 86 76 7716 12
'
6 6 76 . 11 6 1 70 1 9
3
1219 11 6 1 76 9 c3 a 9 70 17 6a 0 9 6 5
6 1
p p x p x p ¢ 9
1 9 é w 1 €
. l
11 6 1 6 1 9
p 0 0 1) 17
62 716 1 60 6 70 13 £ 10 1) 6 0 1 6 v 761)
x/
6 137 131) 86 111 616 0 1) 6 13 11 6116 9 ie a l 6 1 6 1 6 6
3
‘
2
'
vug1
p 7 0 9 .
6 1 6 1 7 6 7 0 13 86 6 77670 0 6 6 1 1111 7 69
'
) 6 11 67 0 9
p 11 1 1
1 6 6 11 6 1 76 7 6 86 9513 9 7 0 3
1 6 M o v 11 6 X 6 7 77 6 1 .
rdi n g th e frui ts of th e Hé s é ri d é s
’
g u a p .
( li t t h e
.
) fi re a d i v i n i t y T h e A t h en i an s w e r e t.h e
L
Ex 6p6 11 6 9 631)
' 3
41 6 1)
3
. . 01 11 1) 7
7 17 11 6 11 11
"
6 11 1 5v 6 7767
0 61 76 7 3 6
1 px ov71 . 70 29 1370 176 1
15670 6 1 1) W éb 3
t a VOl 1 6 6 1) 607 8
6 1 7 1 1) 6 1810 9 13117161)
66 7 1 70 29 1 1 17
1
1 0 7 6 0 19 4 6 86 6 01 6 1) 66 711)
7
A
'
0
3
6
t
0 11 6110 11 6 0 1 15 1 3
3
7 3
70 1 11 6 76 7 0 9 7 1 1) 1711 6 110 1)
7 6 1 6 1 11 6 0 15
11 6 76 6a
p t 0 s
pl1 61) 6 l/1 6 11 6 671770 9 ,
1
Gr 726 ;. Oxyt one .
7 mm ) on IM PARISYLLAB IO DECL ENSION . 31
an d 76 66 70 1) 70 1781 11 6 10 1) 06 vp 6 §6 1 6 76 11110 20 9 6 va p . m
6 6 1 6 1) of 86 6 11 1 06 9 76 6 vré 11 6 76 8 6 6
'
6
\
7 9 6 71
p p , p p 1 1 . .
66 7 1 1) 6 3 60 9 7631) 1) 86 11 66 11 0 9 6 9 p§i § .
6 [1 17776 1 6
'
6 2p6 1 11 6 7 1) 11
p 6 7 fip
6 .
Ex 42 figure of a li on Th e h erald s
I se e th e
’
n am Plato called ti m e th e i m
. . .
e wa s T althyb i us a e
g
of et ern i ty An ax i mé n é s con sidered ai r (to be) th e
.
—
igh t i n dee d set fi re t o t h e w ood b ut th e w atch -
(l i t lau gh t e r
) t o th e G r e e k s T h e b i rd w as b r i n ing
g
food for h er youn g i n h er mouth Th e Chi m
. .
ae ra of .
an d a d ra on an d a sh e go at
g M a
y t h e b i t i o-
u s ora .
z en s
g i v e ( h it h a v e) t h an k s t o th ei r sa v i our S6lon
. .
mi
.
II S te s n a di phthon g
St m i
. .
III . e s n 9 an d 7 .
Nor m B efore
— t aki ng up con tracted w ords of th e Th i rd
Declen si on , th ose of th e First and Second Declensi on s sh ould
be noti ced .
32 GR EE K F O R. BEGINNERS .
ce
pt as st at e d in 7 .
11 Si m p l t t e con rac s ( G )
r 54 0 i n o v9 an d 6 1 1) are
if m ly p i p m
-
m
. .
( G 1
r. 5 8 ); m p d a co oun s follow Gr 1 58 b . .
1 4 4 , 1 57 .
m1 6
. .
, .
,
B ienn iu m
—Th e ch ange of o to co,i n th e gen sin g of
seen
m
. .
42 . Ste mi s n 6 D ip h tlt on g .
Fo r mti o a n, in fl ecti on , e tc .
,
Gr .
—
2 0 6 21 0 ; 5 5 7,
1 ;
560, 1 :cc a en t , Gr 1 29 . a.
RE M ARK Th e Hom
— e ri c i nfl e cti on ( Gr . 2 0 6 D) suggests th at
th e v owel len gth en i ng in ce rt ai n cases of word s i n 4 119 ( Gr
my b
-
mp
.
1 0 1 16 1 1) 6 et 116 1 7 6 017
8l 16 , 0 76 6
1 v 3 71 6 1 6 66
x 6 0
l ”
'
1 1 1) 9 1 .
1
86 11 6 1 7111 6 511) u6v0 9 6 6 v0pa171 0 9 06 14 16 6 761) 6160 9
' '
.
el e 76 7 6 1 6
x 30 ) 7 0 3
1 6 7 6 0 9 .
Ex . 44 . Th e a ct i ns o
gn s of ch aractermu t s be si .
e n ti n g th e pain of hi s woun d Th e .
d ess Th é ti s Th e h erdsm
. en we re w o n deri n g at th e -
b e a re proach t o th e seer a n ) k ee s
.
p
h i s ran k but th e co ward lea v es (i t)
,
Th e spo rt an d .
t i on m
.
us t i n c rease t h e b e aut y an d o w er of th e o t ry
p p e .
Ex . 45 . HM 070 9 1 l 86 [t é Tpt OV
7 11 76 1, vrev a .
‘
11 6 1
861 6 1 0 1) 7300 9 13 11 61) 6 10 6 6 1 9
3 6 v0pa17rov 63
'
. 76 0 70 1)
6 u6n70 9 6 06 69 70 29 63 0 16 6 1 761) dé a 7 3
m
p 9
86 lx0611 11) fyévet 76 3 6 01) 7 139 0a 7 t é 6 6 179 76 11 6 ) 70 1? .
3
6176 6 1 7 6 1 70 69
6110 v9 ¢p6 §6 1
'
O 8v6 6 6 0 19
'
11 6 71 .
13 6 6 01) 6 1 9 7 0 1 3 6
5 3 ¢p é 1 6 0 3 1
m
7 6 0 116 70 9 € t 11 6 7 6 0 1 7 11 6 7
’
« r fi o9 7611)
( x 611 1 1 6 71111) 1 6 0 6
‘
xe a wa w 11 6 .
p 1
1 1 1 1)
761 31 1 6 1 1)
81 86 6 11 0 11 6 v .
Ex 4 6
. Poetry i s o Death an i mit ti o of p
a n assi n
Th e E tn ean m
. .
Oxytone .
T HE CONSONANT DECLENSION .
m mu t p i t th
.
Wond erful i s th e .
p o w e r of fai th an d h o e
p Th e ac u i ri n g of k n o wl
q
e dge a n d prude n ce i s th e ai m
.
of life t o th e ph iloso
h er W e m ust le arn th e formof th e bod y by t h e
p
Th e cust o m
.
t er t o th e m
.
45 . Ir regula r lVou ns o
f th e Thi r d D eelensi on .
p le c han g es of s o un d It a y b e n o ti ce d also
.
, ,
.
,
e ta plas ti c
. Gr 21 3 ,
.
Se e also Gr 1 6 8 b ; 2 1 6 2 6 1 0 1 2 1 5 1 7 2 0
.
,
-
, , , , , .
Gr 1 72, 1311 0
. .
—
EX PLANATIO N8 F0 r . th e o mi i ss on of e in t h e ste mi s n 6 p,
cf En g br eth ren for br eth er en, L p a tres for p a ter es, Gr 43;
mt d mL
. . . .
gener,
t h ro ugh th e Fren ch . r . ca p . i .
,
36 .
36 GREE K FO R BEGINNERS .
46 . on .
Ex 47 7 0 17171 1 111 9
51 6 11 00 9 66 1
7 1) 1 6
3¢p 1 6
m
. . 11 1 6 19.
7 116 1 ,
7
1111 0 1 81 6 71 0 1!
16 0 1
3 6 11 71 ) é
¢p €l 7 1711 8111 6 10 6 611171) p épa
m
1 ~
M
Q I I 9
3
n h a a of
6 7 w1) W c w7
p 76
p
'
a OU O . 1ce a 6 6 71 0 11 11) .
Kfip0 9 76 6 1
’
1) 71 9 3 1 1.17
7
p 9 WG T Gpa
‘
) 4 1 0 11 66 1 0 9 6 7181)
11 7 6 11 6 1 . 1
1a1 v 7 11 11 0 9 76
c
11 6 1 111 6 716
I 11
6 71 6 1 776 .
Q w I
6 11 80 6 11 6 1 71 0 M 9 6 a1 §6 1 71 o
1 1
1 .
Q
116 1 3
A 0 1
6 9 11 6 1 71 10 3 6 76
11
11 6 1 6 0 0 3 6 710 1)
l I
v9 0 11
p 9 11 6
1 0 11 1
3
1 1 15 6 11 11 9 11 1511 6 9 7 1 61 1 6 1 6 6 18 1 6 1 ( 163 0 1)
1 71 1 1 7 p7
6Q 9 6 18 1
1 ' .
¢ 6 3 0 0
. 9 1
31) 116 131)
11 6 1 171 71 01 1) 11 6 1 ) 70 6 B l
‘
11 1 6 701 6
” 7 d 1
m
1 p p p7 v 6 11 6 11
p 71 7 1 1 ov
I A
E /
w 9 S"
0
fl
e x a 70 1) 70 1 9 [1 6 11 0
4 6 1 41 0 1 9
1 76 6
py
'
a l en a 1 6 1)
Ex 48 M i n erva b ore i n h er
h an d a lon g spear
Dem
. . .
h i s b elly but th e m
. .
,
i n d of th e w i se i s m ast er of h i s
i ght b en d th ei r kn e es
i n g but th e G reeks m ust rem ai n ,
c lo se t h e w ay of th e breat h w i th our
all b ut h e r ci ti zen s
p er
form
,
y of th e Persi an s .
P ar a d i
g m s fro s te s i n 1 G r 2 35 -
)
s fro m st em
.
Paradigm
.
[
s in Gr 24 0 To th ese . .
611 61 also m
1 1 ust b e ad ded ; o ri gi n all
y a partici ple an d ,
h en ce i n fl ected like ( G r .
i n ati o n G r 24 6 , . .
2 3 3 , 2 34 . For st e s n -
Gr . 23 7, 2 3 9 ( 1 2 9 a ); 11 6 6 6
11 6 11 6 11 6 11 11 6 6 11 r aw -
ta, Gr 6 7
m mwh
. .
mt b h
. .
g i v e n o d ua l t o 11 6 9 ,
fo r r eas on s w h ich would see o e o
vi ous
m i g f th
.
Th e ea n n o e sufli x -
evr Gr 5 6 7
t m 10
. .
Th e s e i 11 0 10 s connect ed wi t h 11 0 1 1) th rough rr t o, by
mil ti
-
assi a on .
Paradig mf or st e mi s n -
v G r 2 29
mf mi
. .
Paradig or ste s n -
w Gr 2 30 . .
For oth e r p o in ts , Gr 2 3 1 . .
m
( Gr 222 . 8 0 also dpy6 6 0 9 , d
p py vpo ii s, a n d xp t 16 60 9
,
'
v 6 oi1 9 , G r
'
a c cen t, se e 40
—
.
Ex 49 71 1) 1 1 6 711 186
3 6 11 0 11 76 9 611 6 1 1 70 1) i 8v6 6 19 .
'
m
o 7v
. .
x
6 Blo9 3 86 ?v3 p xb 6
‘
fip x6 11 9 , 1 76 « v 7 0 6 p . 1
70 29 6 11 6 7 é6 1 B a eia 13 80 11 13 11 6 11 6 1) 7 111 7 6 1
p p x p
lt 67r17
11 0a vp é §0 11 6 v 76 0a v/1 a 6 76 60177611)
. Oi
34 01711 6 20 1 11 6 611) 11 6 1 11 6 1 6 6 771810 1) 71 1 0 66 1 0 1 136 6 11 °
oi 86 2 1 76 0 71 5176 1 6 11 8 1 61 11 11 6 1 6 v8p6 16 9
' '
76 1 6 9 7 61 1)
3 1 6 1 [1 17
1 .
Z 71 6 117 16 7 63 611 76 9
'
6
'
0 16
7 1 11) 76 1 7v11 6 1 11 111 . 6 1 11
0 1 611)
71 0 7 1 6
1 1 111 11) 70 1 3
1 6 2
0 6 1 1 1) 776 1 6 1 1 11
1 3 .
y ou b o t h er ? T h e i n c on t i n e n t a re w e ak
an ) alon e w i se an d oo d
g
E v e n t o t h e contin en t ( m an ) th e b attle m
.
m
ust b e se v e re
3
( p )
6 b u t h e o b t a i n s th e vi c to ry o v e r (li t of )p l e as
Th e te m m m
, .
r of a ll h i s
ure .
p e ra t e ( an
) i s ast e
p a s
Gr 23 1 b ;
.
9
75 3 c ( 729 f) .
V
ADJECTI ES on THE I PARIS LLA IC DECL ENSION 3 9 M Y B .
a e s of God t h e t r ue fath e r a n d ki n g of
g ,
. . 6 676 11 6 39 6 36 1 1! 0 1 7 631! .
1 0 9 6 0 1 6 7 69 66 71 11 136 380 39
7 93 6 676 11 6 2 11 60 7
3 7 0 29 W é Dfl O t
mI
‘
ea l ryépov
z Bp a e i a 66 m7 11) 1
3 70 6 xe w voe d ip a
’
0
. 1 8 6
’ '
m
,
m
I f I I6 6 i
w I
OU O L « u
I!
wh o 76
x fx g p
-
10 1 G
X /
'
1 6 16 0 11 7 0 1 9 , r ovq .
wok k oi s ‘
3
7 6 1! 6 1 0,0 41s 6 13869 66 71 7 6 6 X1) 0 69 of 86
m
,
ar ev 86 2s
l
‘
M 70 1 7 616 a
i no 76 G -
m
a v/4 6 6 7 0 1 6 56 1 11 6 6 y k v/cei e .
3
'
6 8v6 ol a /6 6 9
'
o
'
vr ryevei s
‘
6 0 1 1 7 11 76 9 01 70
x 6 29 . 01 [c 70 29
A01) va t0 19 130 6 11 1 70 l
'
6 136 9 p a x a l (ca l 7 1 13 6 1 s 3
’ -
p p p
‘
1 .
7 6311 6 pX6 1 wv {
'
m pf o a 770 7
0 6 1 11 0 00381 ) 6x6 1 .
[L épOS ‘
A
7 6 16 6 6 0,0 0 1
I
m Q
6 6 7 1 70
A
76 1
I
10 9 .
3 A
0 56 16 11 ( an /17
p 1)
’I
e
x au
6 16 6 5 y vva i lcee x6 76 01
‘
.
1 6 6 6 3 66 1 1 70 1 11 6 9 11 6 2 6B 6 6 { l
'
6 6 1 ¢ ov 9 77 k 6 1 11 0 1 e
p o
I '
,
I
Xo yo1 70 1 9 86 eva efl eo w 1386 16 11 el
A
x6 1
1
I 11
6 1 0 1311 17
'
t A 3
m .
6 3 6 1: H 6
’
’ ’
76 11 /1 13 cov ) t x7 6 76 9 70 8 O 6 o 7ov 16 66 6 9
p p
'
p x .
Ex Th e an ci e n ts th ough t th e figure of th e
. 52 .
ve g t b
frien ds Th e solitud e of t h e w oody mo un t ai n s i s sw eet
.
to t h e po et an d t o th e ph ilosoph er Th e sw i ft Iri s
an d Herm es th e son of Mai a w ere th e m
.
— essen gers of - -
Z eus Th e n at ure of th e w i se an d t em
.
pe ra t e i s d i v in e ,
u ch
1 ’
Ip¢s .
9
Gr 5 59 .
(
or 73 0 a )
.
40 G R EEK F O R B EGINNERS .
ri c h es, b ut h e c o uld 6
(x )c1 n o t b e h a
ppy T h e G re ek s .
calle d th e k i n of t h e Pe rs ia n s th e great ki n g T h e
g .
in g Aspasi a Th e c haracter of
Ach i lles was ras h an d v eh e m
.
en t .
IX . COMPARISO N or A mm v ns .
50 . For mf s o m
the Co p a ra ti ve a nd Sup erla ti ve De .
Le arn t h e co m
, ,
.
, .
,
p a ri so n of th e fo llo w i n
g 6: 1 0 6 19 ,
7p
6 6 1 6s 77t 69 6 686
‘
13 ,
0 1 1 as fo u n d i n
,
G r 2 5 0 2 5 11 1
, .
,
.
1
,
'
70 9 Cf G r 2 1 6 , 1 7
om mon est adjecti ves formth e com
. . .
Man y of th e c
p loy i n
g d iffe s (as i n L a t i n b o n u s eli or
m m r p essi m
, , ,
n En li sh
op ti u s a lus p
ej o u s i g g oo d
bette r bes t ; ba d worse w ors t) ; or fro mwha t i s calle d
, , , ,
, , ,
w o rd s of m
,
SPECIAL RU L E or A m
an m
— Th e accent of all for m s
recessi ve.
51 . Sy n ta x o
f tfie Degr ees o f m
Co p a r i son .
1 om
Th e a ra ti ve i mlie s a co mari
use of th e c
.
p p p
son bet wee n two th in s T h e w o rd e x re ssi ve of th e
g p
se co n d t hi n g may be jo i n ed to th e co m
.
arati ve (as i n
p
GR EE K FO R BEGINNER S .
1
11 16 6 0 0 1 6 7 1 1 7 0 1 0 0 116 70 9 0 0 17 6 .
ost i llustrious of th e ci ti es of
G reece Hom er an d Hé si 5d w e re th e m
. ost an ci en t
p o ets of G ree ce T h e m ai d e n s h ai r i s bla ck er than
.
’
th e rav en Ath en s h ad th e m
. ost illustri ous poets an d
o rato rs an d philosophers of all th e Greeks To th e
G reeks an d Rom
.
s) n ot th e ri ch (wh o) ar e m
,
e o le (It i o re h appy
p p .
wi se th an th e i gn oran
0 5 U
Ex 5 5 6 px?). .
6
1 16 11 7 09 i
l
5
m ov 11 6716 7 611 66 7 1 11 .
'
HO 1 '
'
0 80 9 Xeryel, 1 11 60 11 6 d
'
3 111 1 1 9 7 73 9
'
01
11 1 0 1 1 7 6 11 7 9 .
m
60 7 1 116 247
“ ’
0 11 0v
Q
az .
3
7 1 8031) xoi a k al
'
6 0 1 16 3 3
4 u x
-
c 7 0 9
1 7 0 6 . 1 p 0
¢ 3 4 76 [1 1 11 1 6
3 p g e
.l o va s 3 X 6 ,
3 43
6 9
'
1 6 1 6 1 o i [1 6
.11 1 1 60 1 7 0 29 7 6 1r
p 3
6 0 v 7 6
'
p w v 67 6 1110 1 9 m '
ei ova wh i
x p 3 p 0 7 0 i 9 m 60 7 1 7 13 11 6 6 6 1 11 611
'
0 1 11
3 6 0 17L 6
'
0 1 9 .
-
dPX’l(340 W ”l57759
PRONOU NS .
A li cen ti ous m
. . .
an is n ot superi or t o (li t t h an ) t h e
p o ssessi on th an ri ch e s T h o re hon or
m n are m
.
th an th ey should I A
( ) fe w w i se ( e ) o re t o be
th an th e eleph an t er ci ti z en s we re su eri or
.
p
to t h e lat er Th e last sh all b e fi rst an d th e first last
.
, .
X . PRO NO U NS .
3 0 13 o
.
f
, h i ( L s ui ) — G r 26 1 2 6 2
. . .
, .
n ou s
; G e r i oh ,. i r , un s E n
g , I e,
a s . .
p ers o n i s u se d o n ly i n a s
p ec i a l re fl e x i v e se n se i t s
m
, ,
pl a ce b e i n g su pp l i e d b y o n e o r o t h er of t h e d e o n
44 G R EE K FO R B EGINNERS .
fl ex i v e , i t i s fa r less
66 11 70 17. Cf Lat. . su i , s i bi , e tc .
REM ARK {
w ; th e sa e case en di n g m e- m -
—
—’
Possessi ve P ron oun s Gr 2 6 9 6 75 , 6 89 . .
n ou n s .
Ex 5 7.
3 x 6 .1
3 6 6 1
6 7
1 6 1976 1 6 7
0 13 o f
” : 6 7 6 3 7 6 .
1 3 1 11 6 o v9 .
¢ p , 70 1 1 7 0 70 k . ,
6 86 76130 13 7 1311 ( od a y 6 7
.
t 6 70 6 6 7 6 717 1: 11 0 1 6
1 1 6 76
0 3 631 6
'
66 71
1
11 10 9 6 0 8 1 76 k6 176
p 0 9. 71 11 5
1 11 6 7 11
Wé M v, 61 6
1 7 6 76 9 lea n /6 71 7
11 M ryov
'
m v. o i
wok ep lo w vcxp0 11 9 k el1 70 v6 69 86
‘
70 69 7 1311 1 , 70
6 7 6p0 v9
7
6b
g 0 6 1 770 11 6 1 .
sile n ce , O stran
g ers To ou
y , i n de e d, th e ore i n
mb m th w i
.
nu er , b ut t o gn hon or Th e great
e e se r assi
b assadors
d
d Ch m
.
,
ortals Th e Thra .
e t han n oi se .
1P ‘
‘
Gr 2 6 3 ;
. 112 ; 8
79 1 0 7; ‘
67 “
8 78 ; 6 92, 1 ; 1
74 1 .
PRONOU NS . 45
5 5 De
. m ons tr a ti ve Pr on ou n s .
I . Th e de mo n stra ti ve
p r n o ouns my ba e descri be d
as
1 . Th e d ire c t :38 6, h
t i s by me L . hi e 0 870 9 ,
h or
t i s, th at, by you L i ste (Gr
. . 611 6 21 0 9 , th at
yo nde r L . 1116 .
2 . Th e in te n si v e : G r. —
6 78 6 80 .
of 686 an d 0 870 9 Gr 2 71 2 72
In fiect ion , .
, .
In fl ec ti on of 61 6 26 0 9 Gr 2 71 of Gr 2 6 5 1 , . . .
II Th e w ord
. oth er (L a li u s) whi ch i s .
,
t he m
,
e an i n
g o f L es ter i C f also Gr 7 0 4 a 70
. 5 . . .
, .
i llu (l gu o d
-
,
so t h at -
is i den ti cal wi th a li u d -
G r 86. .
n a t i o ns G r 29 6 cf 6 7
,
3 a .
,
. .
on strat i ve
ro n ou n A o d i t t h rule for t h e att rib u ti ve
p c c r n
g. o e ,
46 G REE K FOR B EGINNERS .
th e pr on o mi n al j
570 9 , 686 , 611 6 211 0 9 , 6 11769
a d e cti v es 0
ab l ,
5 7 Reflex i ve
. a nd R ecip r oca l Pr on ou n s .
Th e re fl e x i ve pr no o un s a re c o mpoun ded of th e
p e rs o
n al
p r o n o un s a n d t h e d e mon strati ve 6 11709 Gr
Co n cern i n g o th e r fo rm
.
,
2 66, 6 8 3 . s of ; an d 6 , ,
Gr .
1
6 85 .
Th e p o
r ecio un 67
0 1
p 3o
r cal
71 6 1 of e a ch o th
r n e r 1 1, ,
2 6 8 ; of L a li us a li u m on e an o the r
.
,
. . O n th e .
u n t i ty of th e nult Gr 3 4
q a
p e , . .
7 3
9 13 11 6 7 631 91 1
39 1 7 0 1
6 17 0 O
‘
Xfi p d 0 1 6 6 6116 1 . 5
70 1 70 111 7 6311
01 1701 11 6
1 7 11 7 6 9 o i Hep6 6 1 136 6 0 116 9 136 6 11
'
. 0 11 70 17
70
0 0 611 6 211 0
67 i [1 611 1 76 76p6 9 70 1570 111 71311 1 ra 7pi
. o
66 11
0 1 0 11 1 70 7
17k0 29 1 76110 1 9 11 6 1 11 1 118611 0 1 9 oi 86 1 76 286 9 6 11712111 ,
I 96 1 0 v6
A 8 1 l
A 7 I a A
17 1 76
6 1
¢ p 1 7
3) 6 171
6 [c a 7
3) 6
3 5
0 71 1 . 6 11 70 9 7g
Gr 6 72 ;
.
1
6 73 b .
PRONOU NS .
11
116
6 1
I
1 16 .
1 631 10 1
1 1 70 7
01
t
m
a r
8 6
/
A
6 11 6 1
6 1 11 76 70 1 .
9
9 6 16 1 11
1 I
a XAfl M LQ 116 1
¢ 17t o1 6 0 1 0 7 0 1
3
11
b l asan t t o t h e ki n g
) e p e . .
p le of,
t h e go d d ess .
e t h e v o i ce
er .
) . .
,
of h i mself
) alo n e i s dear .
t errogati v e an d th e si m
,
le i n defi ni t e ; 71 9 u i s Gr
p g
Th e stem71 li ke th e stem
.
,
2 77; also 1 1 9 a .
,
Th us th e form
.
,
70 17 . s in are e x plai n ed Cf Gr . . .
2 77D .
60 . R ela ti ve P r on c a n s .
ti v e, Gr 2 80 ( re ad 1 1
.
2 ) a .
Gr . 6 1 7; 6 10 ; 8
74 2 0.
48 GREEK FO R BEGINNERS .
70 0
fro mt h e others
.
Th e re la ti ve
p o oun
r n di ffers in
i ts po we r of co n n ecti ng se n t e nce s.
9 96 . issio n of t h e
Th e a n t e ce de n t o ccu rs i n En
g
lish ; e g Who steals m y
“
p urse stea ls t ras h ”
for
h e the m
. .
, ,
, a n wh o Wh a t “
h
t at w i c h h) I do, tho u
kn o west n ot n ow .
R ela ti ve P r on oun s .
Ex . 61 1 60 71
. 7
-
°
xa l 0 1 17 11 9 11117 0 1 ; 11 11 15 1 1 0 9 50 7 1 9 11 0 17 1 6 6 1 xa l
1 11
4 1
x
'
G ia n a 7 0 3
1 7 6 60 7 1 11 611 6 211 0 8
p 7w yp
o a 9
.
x 9 ,
1 , ¢ 0 7 1 9 ,
10 30 71 6 1
'
d a 6 3 1 uCl 3
'
7 7
11 1 0
. 1 x
p a 7 6 29 1 1 11 1
1
1
, 6 11 11 ) vo ov cn , 7a 1 7a
0 15 qr d770 v0 1 11 a 8 6 7r 1i 770 v0 1
'
x a lc1w 7a ii7a
p p
' '
mm
, ,
8 1 1 71 9 8 1 11 1 11 ei ev
3 ! 5 1 7 5
‘ '
7 7 1 11 6 9 a 1 7 1 1 7 0 9 7 x 7 0 v 0 1 11 11 1
-
1 .
x
i) xpvo a (3111 6 71 16 76 oi 710 7 17 10 7 50 7 1 9 dpxi w 6x6 1 1)
'
. ,
e
g oo d t o t h e o t h er ci ti ze n s .
Gr 23 1 b ;
. 6 97.
50 GR EEK FOR BEGINNERS .
"
E3
F1
m
m 33
“
m “
a
m
s a
a
3 4
a
4 2
o
s
H
s 5
6 3 mm $ w m
9
m
0 6 s a 8
0
e “
8
a s a
;
5 ’
g s
fi
a .
'
33
a
z
Efl
-
$
‘
0
‘
O
PRONOU NS .
, 70 1 0 1370 9 67
16709 1 . a s 116 671)
wol ‘
[1 6 11
31 0 0 1 ex c l/T e? a p a
p 7a 11 0
p
0
'
1 6 l n p11 e a
p x m
70 1 11 11777 11
17 9
2 8e17
1 a l11151 0 1 27 1 7 79 w vxijc 7m0 ) 6 3
°
j
0 1 19 01 00 1 1 r 7 , 70 0 0 v70 v9
86 0
"
-
71 0 7a 9 6
x
'
0 v0 1 11 0 1 a x
p a 76 1 9 . 71 6 76
'
ia v i) 7r7
'
a o
gb 1 0 1370 11 70 1 0 1370 1 h o ur 611 6 2110 1 0 1
fifi T O GC, a t
p
0 1316 6 138a 1uo vla 11 0 13 67
’
, 7 10 9 5
7 9 7ro7
1 1 7et a 9 ,
67
17121 7a
q a 7a . 6311 9 w l 7 179 17
717
1 17
g1
7 7
1 m ) a
p /1 111 It a . 9
H6 p
1 ”
86 1a 9
'
7 0 111 1171 7
9 7ra 1 11171 0 1a a 1 0 7 1311
xp
'
0 11
w
é yov9 Aflq va lovs 6
fl f I
0 1 0 11 0 7
p a 7o9 oh
1 au OWOT G OS
P
'
1 1 6 111 76
‘ ‘
11 ; x
16 110
777
I if
6 1 , 11 7
171
2 f I f
81 /1 a 1 0 76 po9
f
q p a 7 a 6
x 0 7r0 76
p 09 xa 1
0 11 60 7 6 0 9 l
¢p 70 1370 11 b
’
a w
p ,
g 7
10 11 x
p t V O/LGD.
an ? Th e Persi an s assi gn
such hon ors t o th e i r ki n gs as pi o us m en d
( )o t o th e
.
—
able (li t ple asan t) but p eac e o a certai n k i n d (770 1 69
f ,
- -
w i th th e oth er th e sh ie ld .
66 . Gen era l R e mk th P ar s on e r on ou n s .
No p a rt of g mm i mo i t
ra ar s re n er esti n
g t o th e
9 3
Gr 75 3 f ;
. 666 11 ; 6 97 .
52 G R EE K F OR BEGINNERS .
t h e e lem en ts of n om
, , ,
i n al an d v erb al i nfl ecti o n s as
0 1
a de m on st rati v e
76 wh i ch b ecom
.
calle d ) i s used by Ho m e r ei t h er as a de m
,
,
onstrati ve
or perso n al pron oun or as a relat i v e ; an d t h ere are
t races rem
,
larly of th e dem
,
6 th e on e th e other (li t h e on th e on e si de h e on
Th e dev elo pm
.
, ,
of th e demon strati ve m
.
a
y b e il lu st rate d b
y th e F ren c h
lo fromL i lle
Th e relati v e 69 ii 6 w as or igi n ally th e sam
, . .
’ ‘
, e as ,
1
Th us th e old for m s £0 71 a re respect ively md a e
m
.
4
Th e sa e n sub s tance of ea ni ng, b ut di fi erent in origi n.
NU M ERALS .
6 6
, , 7 6, an d h ad fo rce of wh i ch th e
a de mo nst rat i ve ,
on strati ve an d re lati v e i s
illustrated by th e double force of th e En glish tha t as
Who i s h e tha t will h armyou i f ye b e
,
i n th e v erse “
a n der
w h i ch is arti cle d e m
,
on st rati ve an d relati v e i n on e
, ,
.
, .
XI . NU M E R AL S
1
.
6 7 Me . mi fior z e rs t te n of e ac h li st, G r .
£ 8; and
i n fl ecti o n s of Gr 290 . . Re ad G r 2 9 6 , 2 9 7. .
Th e e tyml gi l
o o ca connect ion of th e grea ter part of th e nu m erals
mi mi
,
1 :
50 p ; ré aaapec an d aga in i n La tin a di alect ica l for mp a or a gua
mwhi h w
,
r é aaa peg
n é vf e
gui n
que Di alect ic ru
t/ m( G
e r. 2 88 D, Aeolic),
equus i mc
ro
m
.
my b
.
Exercises on the Nu m
68 era l
s
m
. .
¢
m
~
. ,
6 K i w é 6 6¢ 9 7 6 i x m o
' ’
m
p 0 9 a /c va y u a u a tp v e e a n r o u .
d ru It a l oé pa 7 63V p é v .
m
p a o
-
. ve .
. .
dvflpam ow S GtS
'
TG OQ fi M 6 é
’
70 29 w
P 9 e a
m
'
p .
nor m éc ov ov 131) 61 m 70 29
'
t wo feet o , on e n se, on e .
ob ore ci ti zen s
Cle archus h ad (li t there w ere t o C ) m
, .
en Th e he ight of th e wallw as
Am
.
m m m
,
Ex 67
’
t 6,u1rtot , 35 p év
O7 H
ea l
m
. .
,
”
Hpa M eal/ii Ap7e
, ,
”
s,
‘
'
E0 7 [a ,
p etora = W p edwa r G . .
fid wor ,
I “ ” 23 2 ‘ 5 ‘
70 6 b 73 2
Gr 6 2 1 . a ; 73 2 ; ; 6 21 b ; peri sp .
; or a ;
" 1 88 .
a n v n a ns . 55
85 82:
H ea l Z ebe Hoo s cSé w Apart,
‘ ‘ "
m m
, , ,
p p
' ‘
'
7
m
.
E rs 83 7é o 0 a 5 9 M 0 0 0 S é ew éa 8
’
s i de
t
” p
'
pt 7es ,
p , .
eov w, 7c
dvflpwwlv v mm
l éM TT é WDV 7rp6370 v p 31:70 fryeée 7 0 0
’
,
‘
,
a é p a r oe, m
il le r SE86 676 pov 70 8% 7p[r ev 30 x09 767a p , ,
70 157a w 7r w7ov 9)
'
p 6
¢p 7 0 5s 8 6 67
“
6
720 1 :
) 82 0 é m
¢p 6 90
u 11
39 3
m
3179 7pt7 ov 8é 8 a w 0 6 y 7 é7a p7ov Sé ci t/Spelt»
'
m m Alf .
m
, ,
6 i 6 0 0 t
’ '
I pa ia t
3 ¢ G é
'
¢ p7
‘
y t u a re es x a ‘
ua a v a
v p ) oe
'
1 0
i 5m 686 ix A 6 mp {y K i wp
m
u at o ur '
xa . v7a e ov. 0 0 ra r
lH l fim : é i A B i
'
It a ,
) h io p i fl e q w ? o ( a r vov o a xe a u z/ t.
E 6 8 A Oly m x.
p i d i
( /
a d ) i p i d of
n a c oa n s s a er o
of fifty G k m
.
fo y ur ears, o th Th
or ree n s . ere are
my an of di b t
causes of th g t t i se ase , u on e e rea es s an
t i d m
un res ra n e f li i g I hu w th fi t an n er o - -
v n . n ac s as e rs
pi a d w as
Th e whole t i m
.
XII An v nnns . .
69 F or . mti f Ad a on o ver bs .
—
a lso G r 2 1 7 220 7 19
Co rrelati ve ad ve rbs m
.
.
,
ay b e fo un d i n Gr 2 83 . .
Gr 1 8 5 ;
. 25 5 ; 3
6 97 . Oxyton es .
5
Gr 780 . .
GR EE K FOR BEGINNERG .
Syn tax
70 So. m Hi e n ts on .
m
.
m
.
Th e substanti ve a
y b e o i t te d i f i t i s on e w h i ch
. .
, , ,
w ar Co m
, ,
m
. . .
,
(a e d e ) R e ad h e.a di n
gs of G r 6 2 1 a n d 73 0 a b .
, , .
810 S o at) 7r 0
”
d xw, I a well tre ated xa lcéi s i c xto , ‘
m -
m
.
(li t I
. d o we ll) a re used as si n gle wo rd s go v erni n g an
71 Ex er cises
. on the Adver bs .
Ex 6 9 . . WORM / as
69 wh elova s 7pé oi eM a o oves 70 ‘
7rov0 t 71 t
'
p
. 61! Z
p ya
'
x
peio o w 13V i v 6 6 R 6 7 0'
! n a v
' '
m '
m
, “
t 3 i
'
x 4 n x
m
y 5 70 11 73 v z v
m
.
viiv r e
3
rea l .
7e k a i = L a t ue ; 7 c
3
q k
. a i z L et et, .
58 GREEK non BEGINNERS .
76
w
.
m v 70 6
0V l
7 1}
x ev 6 U 8656 0 s m , 619 770 W 6 81)
r a vovo w, 6 16 0 0 86 0 0 86 19 800 86 156 6 0 7 6
r I r 3 I I 9
76
6 160 0 76 9 a pa
p .
x p
' '
76 0 0 6
p x p
' '
6 9 ,
6 6
’
B M 6 6 8 607 6 Z 6 6
m
7
7 6 76 166 0 6 0 7 6 7 6 6 r
p a 77 0 v 6 9 7 6 11 6 6 ,
a w ov9 86 6 16 6 6 n a vel
I I d
0 0 86
I
8
3 I
v
Q
76 y w an y 776 W p6 t o v .
i
9
Z n a pn 1 7106
a o\ n a 6 s a 9
«6 7 6 w G
7 a ra 60 76 n
'
on e t (0 9 6 9, 00
86 6 1 69 6
'
6 p 6
7 p 6 6 67 6 7(0 , 86 , 11 0 9 ,
0 67 60 712 60 70 p6 v 06 v 6 t 9 60 7 6 86 p u
p6u 7 c 8 na 6 0 6 ,
B)6
0 1 11 166 6 6
¢ B pp p
O 9 d c o 7 é 6 0 6 v .
p ai n Who e p
’
j udgm en t h i m 0 At he n i an s
.
li ght we m
.
ou a e h i the r
y
\
.
3
1 Gr 1 0 54 , 3 ;
.
8
71 2 ; 9 32, 2 ; 0 97 .
V ERBS IN ACT IVE VOICE .
XI II . a s m 4 0 . ACTIVE V OICE .
of
ForT en smti
es a on .
72 Si n ce e v e ry ac t i o n a
y b e t
p , p
as res e n t o r m
m
,
m
.
act, o r a er e u n d e
fi n ed ac t 1 9 ; 2 7,
i t s e v
by f
re erri ng to Gr 823 ; th e presen t and future serv
i n g as both aori sti c (G r 822 b) an d i m
.
rfect t en se s
p e . .
i n th e acti v e v oi ce ; Gr 3 0 1 (3 0 2 b) . .
also
a
y ,
or e ve n t h e fi n i shed ac t Th us Gr 8 24 8 2 5 83 6 . .
, , ,
8 3 7; 85 1 .
o
acc rdin g to th e fin al letter of th e ste e h av e
mt
,
t herefore ,
ue v er bs, p ur e ( or vowel
) verb s, an d
li qu i d v e rbs.
74 F u ture Acti ve o
f fl u te a n d V owel V er bs
m
.
m
.
3 4 1 , 3 4 4 34 8 (4 2 6 D)
-
ay b e use d .
li t tle use .
m m
. .
—
34 1 , 3 4 5 3 4 8 a b e u se d
y .
md
. . .
,
.
th e oo -
suffix a
ppea r s as 1 6 a nd 1 6 , as well as 1.
76 Exer ci ses
. on F utur e cmd Aor i st Acti ve .
7 V
o 16 7
p 9 .
la th e 7 6 O p np
-
ou 60 6 616 0
1 6 6 0 16 5 1
0 6 1 1 6 11 6 6 6 16 a
166 6 [ t ér t ov Biov 0 07
6 6
1 61 7 17 1 5 1:
.
p . 11 75
.
m
6 1:6 0 K6vo w 76 9 1 075116 9
"
lt d /CO6 0 6770 1
o k ev06 0 1 0 6
j p
'
156 6 7 0 0 9 6 706 17
0 6 11 oi m .
oi 6 Mt 0 1 6 6 0 70 V , oi 2 7 6 1 7 4 6 76 1 610 6 11 0 11
¢ 1 )
7 A w u 6
y ) . .
’
m
70 29 11 66 0 1 9 76311 06 630 6116 6 6 0 6 new » i) 7 0 29 7 0 0 186 0 0
A W
’
7 t 6y o19 a) o
. 615 7 611 ”6 16p 70 0
Hép0 6 9 733 Hpa ; 6 0 0 601 0 769 713 ri pen? 6776 186 0 0 6 7611
"
1 70 69 11 6 6 11 16 9 7 7
0 77 5 6 86 5 6 6
Wh
6 6 7 1 11 0 1 1
. 0 6 1 3
/ i le h e sti ll h appy li ves I wi ll o
c un t n o m an .
p o e t A
. n d n ow yo ur t o il i s i n vai n for th e b oys are
alread y out of d oo rs - -
.
May th e ti m e soon co m
,
e wh en t h ey w i ll ch ast i se th at
en m
.
1 6 73 3
Gr . c ; 725 a ; 88 1 .
V ERBS IN ACTI E V VOICE .
th e c o rn m
Al ost all w e re fl eei n g, t h e hopli tes wit h
mo
.
d i fficult y an d th e Th raci an s
k ly ; but t he re
qui c
Spartan s r em a i n e d on th e s o t
p Wh e re th ey sough t .
l u re an d ho n o r th ere w e re o n l y i d d i
p eas
p a n an , s
g r a c e .
/ l 7 F u tu r e A ct i ve
f q
o Li u i d V er bs — Fo r at i o n
Paradi gm
. .
,
et c Gr 4 2 2
.
, . s G r 3 2 6 34 2
. Li quid fu , .
,
.
st e e la w of G r 55 d w as e va d ed b y in se rt i n g a e uph on i c 6
m
.
,
78 Aor i st A cti ve L u i d V er bs — Fo rm o
f
o i q a ti n,
m mG
.
e tc . , Gr 4 3 1
.
( o i tt i ng b
) . Para dig s, r . 3 2 7, 34 2 .
—
EX PLANATIONS In li quid a or ists, th e la w of Gr 5 5 d wa s
.
m
.
s upersede d as i t we re b y t h at of Gr 4 6 Th us 67
110 0 0 0 b e ca e
mi
. .
, ,
27
0 0 00 0
( cf . Gr 4 3 1 D, d) ; whi ch b eca
. e n Att i c 641 0 0 6 ( Gr .
EX 73 . . 69 i6 7p69 0 6 06 p6 71 6 00 6 1 7
16 0 1 0
0 0 60 0 9 650 71 6
p
'
. .
'
1
Gr 8 6 6 , 3
. .
GR EE K FOR BEGINNERS .
0860 p 0 6 16 2 7 00 07 6 8 6 6 0 6 0 0
4 1 1 0 0 11 7
p w 0 , 1
0
. 0 0 0 9 41 0 6 1 7 0 9 .
p .
p p
Q
0 1 770 6 7
. 76 1
I I
776 0 70 1 0 770 677
.
a I
70 1 0 11 6 M 0 7 6
,
Gunpov 6 06 0
I f 9
6 76 6 ci yia 60 ii 6 6 6 i
0
¢ p p ¢ 17 7
t 60
v 7 1 6 6 0 60 0 o 77 0 67)
7 6 6 680 0 0 00 61 9 6 K6 816 0 9 166 6 7) 70 0 1) 6 070 0
‘
2 4 1 60 0 6
{ 11 6
3 p 1 dp 1 p .
0 07760 7 00
73 1 0 6776 717 6 0 2 6 x
m
0 6 6 0 9 .
A0770 6 20 6 6
’ é
, 0 76 11 6 70 0 0 X f e t 7 60 0 6 7t
‘q g w 0 16 6
. .
,
76 ( 6 19 7686
"
ii 77p6776 1 oi 16 6 16 0 6 0 0770 7 6 0 77p6 §6 16 0 6 0
’
.
0 .
ret th e v erses of Ho m A ri st ei de s n ev er di d an
p e r
un j ust th i n g
'
an
Rom
.
h
w o are G k
re e s b e sla v e s t o b a rb ar i an s w ho our
,
y are c ut tin g
t h e trees an d carryi n g off (6 p776 §6 ) t h e sh e ep an d th e
1 11 61 6 1 i s fitting .
3 G7 75 3 f
. .
VERB S IN ACTIV E V OICE .
o
c rn . Let th e physi ci an lull th e pai n to rest w ith
certain lea v e s an d drugs .
e n ce on ly) . Paradig ,
r . 3 17 .
< 3 5
‘
J .
Notice th e for m
,
ati o n of ( 06 1 0 7
0 3 ,
'
be use d 16
. 0
p t 0 60
,
Bt o
c
(G r . 4 4 8) also .
In sta n ces of re du
pli ca ti o n a re se en i n La t i n a s
fro mten do fromdo
,
so e n
g b e d eci s i ve or p er a n en t ; i n En gli sh , B egoue
a s,
”
mt
.
md
. .
s of t h e a ori st an d pe rfe c t
belon g to th e sa m e ste m ; b u t w h e n th i s i s t h e c as e
or be lon g t o di fferen t pe ri o d s of th e la n ua e
g g
or th ere i s us ually so m e di fi eren ce of m
,
e an i n g — th e
se c on d a orist an d rfe ct i n cli n i n t n i n tra n si ti v e
p e g o a
e of th e E n li sh v e rbs w h i ch
g p o sse ss bo t h fo rms
Formation e tc Gr 4 3 5 ; 4 5 0 4 5 1 (a b) 4 53 ; 4 5 5
.
.
,
Para dig m
, ,
.
, ,
( 4 5 1 c
) 34 5 3 4 6 (4 5 2) a e use d
mti
, .
ca p . v .
,
—
1 16 .
In sub se quen t
82 . Ex er ci ses on Acti ve V oi ce of V er bs i n -
01
,
6
a h c I
47
0 60 1 0 0 0 6 0 0 7 0 0 6 16
p 6 7 0 0 9 1
7 1 0 0 6 16 6 16
p 6 16 6 0 0 0 1 0 .
"
E70 u70 6 9 0M 0 06 p0 10 6 166 6 76 7 139 776 7pl80 9 76 69577
’
7 0 09 A
61p00 10 6 0 0 086 69 77 i 609 6 7 030 06 030 3 6 0 6h 6 09
'
0 66
.
7
16 9 7 76
m
7 09 776M 0 1 9 0 1 860 770 76 760 86 06 0 6 70 0 70 0 0 0 0 0 616 0 0 0 016
m
, ,
6 6 §6 69
11 I
6 0 7 6166 0 0 6 6 0 06 0 9 77
1 I w
8
61 I t
6
a r
7y p 6 77 7
96 6 0 6 0 6
p
f
1 a 17 0
p . ,
6
’ '
06 9 .
6 6 1 0 0 0 7 0 29 70 0 7ra 7p 9 4 1 0 0 6 00 60 070 6 756 0 O p6 0 9.
717
I I
86
y I 3
3
fl
6 6 0 , a ll 7 6 0
76 9 1 7
776 0 17 0 0 770 76
xp 7 r 6 6 76
7 00 0 670 0 7
7 7
7 1 0 6 6
0 086 é xk é xl
ra p ev xp 76 6 76 660 6 716 6 6
69 86 77
76 6 760 6
7 6 69 e 0 .
0 613 7760 01 67
770 7 6 66 0 7
660 76 60 0 6 0 7 630 7 0 0 0 6076 6 70 9 67170 10 .
0 0770 76 00 7 6 0 0 0 7) 7 6 17
777 76 1 0 0 0 76160 0 0 16760 6 2 0 086
7 p 4
9
Gr 34 7; . 3 8 7b .
66 GR EEK F OR BEGINNERS .
6 6
1 6 0 7 030 0 6 00 6 6 ; 0 5701 9 0 17 0 0 16 051 1 6 6
1039
7 10
4 0 0
4 7176 17 0 6
1
6 6 6 166 6 676756 6 70 09 67 0 60 0 9 6 Z 0 1 16pd777
1 9 77 76 6 29 8 6 7 77 1
7 5 0 ,
6 6 8 6
‘
76 6 0 6 776 0 76 9 16 6 0 0 y 7 ¢v
1 0 oy e v 770 7
0 16 6 16 6 0 0 0 6 1
7
c
6 770 7 6
'
16 6 0 6 67 60 69
166 77 0 0 69 6 6X1 16 6 0 60
0 17 06
w9 86 0 6 0 616 17
7 é7 166 0 6 16 6 6 0 6166 86 7
1 16 0 0 0 6 77 6 760 . 7 6 7 610
( A
Ep76 0 10 I h y Q
A0 80 16 68779 166 6
’
67 000 6
6 17 70 69 6
px o0 0 6 0 0 717
0
6x0 0 9 7
’
76 166 6 7 6 17
90 69 6777
6 15 16
7 0 6 0 . 71 0 I
11
116 60 6 0
A A0 0
y
77 01 7 0 6
0 p 0 0 69.
Ex 78 . gin es (7 7766 0 5) of th e en em
. Th e en y rather 11 1
(t h i n
g) s as a re
( )
t h e c us to Who e v e r will d o j u st .
(a c t i o n s
) h e sh all al w ay s e v e ryw h e re fare w ell A l e x
a n d er cro wn e d th e t o m
, .
m
.
( ) y 1 o ,
m
,
i
-
hi . - .
,
Ex 79 8
'
77
'
. .
7 7
6 6 1 67
677
0 6 6x0 0 659 06
p
77 6 0 3 6 69 7 1
¢ I I I Q I a e
8
\ 9
0 o 00 1 0 0 16 6 0 6 0
7 .
xp ovg
o 0 1 76 160 0 0 , 70 69 7
6 0
Gr 2 73 ;
. 86 6, 3 .
V ERB S IN ACTIV E V OICE .
6
'
éx0p0 29 4 3 0 0 9 7 7 86
7 7 7p 4
1 6 1 7 i ,1 03
9 17761 0 0 M 7 p
6 77 7 6
p0 0 0 6
. .
1 16 166 86 67 60 0 60 6 7 667 3 B 1 8 6 5
'
6 60 £
Q I Q
0 6 86 A 0
A
0 6 60 6 676
I
76 170 6 0 06 7
.
4
6 0 0 6 6776 1 6 0 76 0 6 0 17 ,
0 0 0 0 166 6 69 60 7 6 0 67 6 8 76 76 1
'
6 60 1 0 7 1
7 6 0 0 6 p 0
p 6 9 , 7 ,
667 667
'
6 167 16 6 6 6 0 0 770 0 1 1! 0 6 770 7
1 6 06 0 016 0 17
1 0 7 0 070 7 617 06 0 6 , .
Q
06 0 7
I Q Q C I V
0 8
Q I
66 0 70 76 76 , 0 76 0 6 W LGT G OI
1 €
P ¢W x 6 9 0 6OV6 7 7 0 7
66
‘
01 ,
60 01 6 6 1 86 60 039 616 6 7
6 770 7 6
5
6
’
16 6 70 0
6 16
p 0 6
71 7 0 ; 0 6 0 0
I
A0170 6 60 6 770 7
i
6 2
(I
0 6 9 6 0 6 0 p0 69 7
a t
.
7
6 17 6 0 6 9
6 7 0 0 17
7 71 6 .
770 i?
¢ 67 wlb €v ; [1 0 0 91 6
6 7
71
03 70 0 7 0 65 6 0 7 60 ,
6 36770 06 0 6 60 86
76 0 ,
spe ar i n blo od What arts what con tri van ces co uld
t h ey n ot w eav e ? Dae da lus i n v en te d m
.
,
an y w on d erful
( )
as a si gn of
m
.
- -
.
83 .
—
Con tr a cte d Ten ses of Pure V erbs A0 613116 V oi ce .
res e n t a n d i m
, ,
rfe c t t en ée s Th ul f t h
p pe e r es or e co n .
Paradigm
.
, ,
.
s —
G r 3 2 3 3 2 5 (cf 4 0 9 a) ,Rea d Gr . . . .
5 72 .
5
Nor —Th e m b egin n er sh ould
th e paradi g s d ouble a t r eci te m
fi rst, i e , as th e y a re giv e n ; a fter wa rd h e ca n t hink t h e n u
m
. .
V
ont ra ct e d, b ut ut ter only t h e contr acted for .
,
G7 34 7;
. 5 23 , 6 .
GREE K F OR BEGINNERS .
Q
.
Ex 66 6 7
81 6 60 6 2 0 116 16 7 17 7 6 60 7 60 17 0 57
. .
7 9 ,
70 6 ,
A
' ’
6776 6 86 6 7 6760 6 7 0 0 376 6 9 6 117
4 0 6 0 , 7 6 7t 0 9 p 60 7 0 7 6 *
1 66 0 1 0 6 6 17 0 6 [77
761 79 [6 6 77
0 0 169 10 d
0 x6 5 9 6 0
71 6 7 0 10
3
0 6 0 6
6
0
6
9
? 6
11 7 0 1 1 .
$ .
4 [ 7 , . 9 77
5 7
1 66 0 6
7 7
0 0 66 9 16 0 71 6 T o
p 1
6 Z 0 717 63 6 6 17
7 6 9 . 6
¢ p 0 0 77 0 6 0766 16 0 67 6
6 0 7 0 160 7 6 7 0 1 0
77
0 1 0 .
t17p
717 7 0 6 16 6 6 0 616 6 186 Q 60 19 6 0
. 8 6 676 6 0 01 9
60 0 10 6 0 ; 0 0 767 1 80 166 20 6 0 60 7 0 9 6 7
7 0 0 6 60 6 6 0 67 6 01 , .
( gif Ex .
Th e Spartan s
82 . We ask j usti ce
m
, p i t y ;
ust n ei ther fl ee th e
ourn ot
p y,
a n ot a
m
3 t . selves, n or
allo w o th ers
(t o fl ee) W e should coun t
of w o rthy
Th en ce fl ow man y
.
e youn g am
.
s ri n g s of
p p ur e w at er A ll t h . o ng l
( i t of) .
e .
brea i s t hat wi th wh i ch w e th i nk b ut th e
best agree wi th Plato th at (629 ) th e so ul i s n o part of 1
i nh abi ts an d m
, ,
“
1
oves th e whole b ody .
’ 8
1
Gr 1 0 5 7;
. 74 1 ; 4 11 ; 4
4 12 ; ls
e77.
“
(Do U lU fi n
X IV . V ERB s IN -
01.
PASSIVE V OICE .
8 5 F or . mti a on f
o Ten ses .
ad e on ce for a l l i n so m e on e te n se
n ses as i t fo rm m
,
a n d to
pres e n t t h e all i e d t e e d fr o
t h i s ; e g th e pres pass fro mt h e pres act th e perf
fromth e perf act e tc
.
, . . .
. . .
,
. .
,
.
G r 3 14 —
Syn opses, Gr 3 4 2 34 8
( ,
38 3
mG
. . .
,
r . 31 8 ; 4 59,
4 60 ( , ;
385 4 3 8 9 b), 4 65 ,
4 6 6 . Sy n opses, Gr 3 3 7 .
34 1
mG
.
/ 3 Aori st
. F uture P a ssi ve, G r
a nd . 3 1 9,
—
4 6 8 4 74 .
—
Syn opses, Gr 3 3 7 34 5 . .
16 60 0 0 76 6 , 0 2 7 6 76 86 60 6 16 6 1 13 8 6 0 6 1 60 7 6 76 «6 0 0 3
p 6
6 77
0 16 0 0 0 6 . 7 010 6 7030
770 7 7 0 1860 0 60 70 0 676 x011
7g 0 e7 1 7 33 0 33 ¢p0 0 1§0 0 6 0 0 30 16 6 06 , 67
1 186 0 67
16 17
p y3; a 16 6 . 66 .
A
7 60 6 ? 616 6 60 0 1 0 861
66 6676 0 0
p 776 0 6 70 6 9
"
E7t 7t 1) 0 6 [
1 66
16 6
0 110 76 6
Gr 5 14 , 9 ;
.
9
5 14 ,
6 .
70 GR EE K FOR BEGINNERS .
x
a t1 0 9
’
,
0 6 677776 29 0 6 86 039 Td t O T a 8 1 67 6 1 1 63 6 60 0 0
'
,
X 7 7 7 6 7 6
'
M 69 M0 60 60 6166 16 60 7 0 770 .
Ex 84 . He wh o alwa
y s t ells th e tr ut h w i ll al
of our an ci en t m
.
ost ad
mired O f th e citi es of Sicily Nax é s was first foun ded
.
,
. .
Ex . 85 . 7 766 77 1
7 6370 0 76 1576 676
p6 8 6 pa 76 0 0 776 0 6 2
m
7 63 6 61 7 60 76 0 06 770 7
t7t6 7
6 60 1 15 76 166 1 66 6 766
6 76 6 76 .
7 67 7 6 6 7
Mw6 86 16 6 6 66 06 7 0 6770 76 616 6 20 0 9
‘
$
« 0 17 6 77X61 9
‘
770 .
'
6 0 75 6 6 55 6
’
166 16 69
6 0 6 76 6 .
7 6 7 1 0
7 77 6 7 1 0 6 0 0 6
0 67 6 6 06 0 70 6 16 6 6
6556 6 770 7 6 xp60 0 9
. o
i0 0 0 16 6 X7
, u
16 1 6 760 70 6 776 0 76 9 7 6
7 66 16 0 78 660 0 7 6 6
3 0 0 0 0 6 7 7
6 6 0 7 .
8 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 0 7 8 2 6
'
7p 0 7 1 0
x 0 9 6 7 0 1 7 16 0 0 0 , 7 6 0 0 0 0.0 6 0 9 7
6156 6 76
7 7 26 60
, 0 6 86 6 1 6
77 6 7 77 7
1 6 0 111 0 6 6 6 6 16
, 6 6 7
6 3 6 0 6796 2 ,
‘ 9 3
Gr 9 9 6 ;
. 4 71 ; 71 9 .
V ERBS IN PA SSIV E VO ICE .
e he a ared a bull
ppe - -
at a n oth er a d og at an o th er a b i rd
-
Th ey wh o w ere -
was buri ed .
EX! 87
N
”
To Wé 7 6670 9
7
. a l, 6
0 0 .
”
0 6776
px 06 9 616 6 70 0 0 , 0 176 6 0 0 16 6 70 0 0 76 6, 6 0 60 0 86 60 6 9
p 76 p p
16 16 7710 0 0 0 6 776 k 60
5 6 16 60 7760 0 9 0 7 a
’
p e7a 6 0 8 6
. W M U O LO S m '
,
'
‘
4 60 0 0 6 276 6 7 0 29 7 63 0. h a 0 69 0 6 61 6 00 6 0 616 30 70 6
7 m
W W
'
.
¢ 6 M 9W d t 16 60 0 2 70 619 6 XM 0 9 6 0 6 0 90 6, [1660 0 6d 86 0 2
16 0 0 60 9 0 00 2 6166 t 166 7
t0 77 676 0 0 Tp60 6
6 60 . 0 p p
70 29 A6 6 6 86 66 0 0 10 69 6 0 8p6 66 6510 0 60 660 9
’
1c
pla 6166 7
66 270 .
1 6 XX 67616 6 70
6 606 0 6 6 66 70 06 6 8 6 16 0 616 6 06 ,
.6 0 0
x 166 .
’
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,
'
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’
5 1
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1 7 60 0 0 06 6 6 8 6 0 a 7e 166 6
5 2
m
7 1a 0 7
‘ 8 7 0 66 0 76
17
2 6
p ,
8o u7
'
96 86
'
t e66 0 W
‘
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7
‘
3 137
97 77 9 fi ovlt
‘
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( 0 60 29 0 0 16 77
770 7
p 16 6 0 6
’'
( 0
77 5 9)
7 8660 0
6X0 [6 77
30 0 60 0 6 86 16 6 20 06
67 6 8616 6 20
\ 16 6 7; .
hi m more from
. .
,
be , lo ved self . M an y ar e o
c nquere d
Gr 3 4 3 , 4 98
. .
GREEK F OR BEGINNERS .
u st at last re cei v e th e
'
c
XV . MIDDLE V OICE .
90 . .
th e o th ers Gr 8 1 1 —
, 8 14
.
i ddle h as oth er
i di om at i c use s w h i ch m
,
u st be learn e d b
y o b s er v a ti o n
In ge n eral i t m ay b e sai d t h at th e m
.
i ddle di ffers
fro mth e acti v e as i t i m
,
p,
li e s a n i n t e re s t i n th e a c t i o n
on t h e art of th e a e n t an d t h us gi v e s a s u
p g , bj e c t i ve
out
”
b ut th e m i dd le 6p£§opa o i s I li m it to m yself
“
mentally In m
,
I d efin e ”
an y cases ho w e v e r it
g i dd le
should b e e m ploy e d ; j u st as i n o th e r c as e s i t i s d i f fi
c ult to de ci de w h eth er th e w ord emloy ed i s t o b e
p
1
Gr 9 3 2 , 2
. .
GREE K FOR BEGINNERS .
m
‘
70 1 9 ' ‘
c a t. zea , (
W m il a, h :p
t ei r a xa
pw v vo ei re 05 e
'
ovv .
'
mm
fl aw
m
' ' '
r iw a ci fw v p w flov ¢ é ea €e
5b
’i
ex oy ia a w o a
’ ’
px w p g .
m
.
5 tea /4 6 9: a i reia de
' '
. ( B r a mm dM -
v
'
ra T e, 89 3
70 1 9
0 2
3
;
‘
éxflcw ovq 7 6 1 0 11
’ ’
86 3 0 09
"
e
x pon
s ev wa i sts '
ao
4 11 av
py e
”
can an d en treated a gi ft i des
hav e h is son t aught (to be) a good horsem
.
an b ut n ot a ,
h im
,
“
self alo n e He h as n ev er tas te d t rue pleasure wh o
Th e horsem
.
h as n ot shunn e d pleasure e n we re n ex t
m
.
e let us
reco v e r th e d ead b o di es y .
4 23 D ; 9
71 2 ; 3
1
Gr . c f. or Gr 9 3 2 , 2 ;
.
4
75 3 f
.
V ERBS IN ya .
hi m V ed
se lves ,
mm
93 . Exe rci ses i n D ep on en t V er bs 1
.
l
Ex Aw a it»?
'
. 91 . 70 1 70 vs5 ‘
o7 d7a ve fl y p
ov e a, fl
f,
ow w es 7ov9 a l l ow; a i
‘
fl
Be a tpe rep v a p a p
A
n ww a i ae i , 7e
fl
' '
l
m f
7ra 7 l MO )
7r0 7é 3 evrei dr Od
’
7 8 0 3 ya h -
1) a o o a y
9 5 p p .
mm
70 r
ea l . mi : xijpx a a ép cp ofiw a 70 29
x dbv a
'
é p aa w . a e
d
y p em
s oiin 69 (w hen) ? 77 3 7ex p y xp
e éi w o
'
,
dp s
' ’
m
SEof; 7 51: 7e é
x y p p
v e
'
m . a w o all ) ? a d ire 70 09 dvflpa ove m '
m
a c to; a k nflwe 1 3M a o oa 1 W ORM
r w
8uca
c a a
fiq
c a 21
4 ¢
a
ei
m
Ica i a a e
p y
a 'a
A I w
ia WM Iova
t
l 0
4 S 9 Q
exew oc.
‘
a vpa a 70 7 6 a e rya or
0 70
p
0 a
p p zea . .
7 a p éu xa xai e ei f a
py a i 765V
'
7d 83 xma x éic . ,
70 13 BeSo( a/ch e
p w s
i
w a d uw a m
Ex 9 2 . . Th ey m
bla ed the selv e s, but al
n ev er m
w ays though t th e state or t h e law s or t h e rule rs t h e
s f ro f h
'
p i e e ar ; b ut t e re are
Men
n atu rally follo w an d i m
.
7
Gr 4 9 7, 8 1 7;
. 4 25 ; 3
4 12 ; 4
359 .
76 GREE K non B ne n m nus .
) f o r th ee ; do t ho u t he refo re
Socrates used to e x am
, ,
keep i t safe or di e ”
i n e wh at - -
th e m ass of m en assu m e to be m
.
an i fest For th e
most part men do n ot slan der those who mthey
.
d espi
XV I V ERB s IN
A .
94 Th e verbs i n 1 a are co mp ti
a ra ve l y few i n
mb mo t
.
nu ; b
erut th ey belo ng to t h e
s a n ci e n t roo ts,
an d for this an d other reas on s a re co n si dere d to
pre
m
se rv e t he oldest fo r s of th e Gre ek v e rbal i n fl e cti ons
m m m
.
mti
.
For a on
of Ten ses .
95 Th e i n y a differ fro v e rb s i n w i n th e
verb s m
m
-
.
p re sen t, i
perf ect ,
a n d se co n d a o ri st te n ses ; see also
G r 3 11 , 385
m mm m
. .
Th e for s 7 (o 7u
), d e u 0
n/ ( ),
s 7 “ é
( ), i l
l us
t ra t e Gr 3 71 Sci/w ow a n d xepci v u , Gr 4 0 2 e
mm m
.
m
. .
m
fro écr vv/u , cf L uss ti s
-
. .
-
.
Gr 725 , 71 6
. a.
v ane s IN
st . 0 7a fut .
5
0 73 0 0 1 .
st 06 ( H
i. m
) ,
fut . 0150 s) ‘
.
st 80 . fut 86 0 m
m
. .
st . 86 fut .
o
96 of 73
1927
m
. e, 7 4
disar seize —
3 2 9 3 3 2 , 4 76 ; wi th
,
use of —
4 19 for f
re e ren ce on ly
midd l of
.
f
re ere n ce only .
—
Nor a As Beixvvp z h as n o secon d aori st , th e i rregular 38W
i s gi ven a s a n ex a m ple of sec on d a ori sts i n -
v
B arn um Wi th
— r egard to th ei r
of th e
m ean i n g,
sec ond
{m y an d 38W
i llust rate t h e i ntran siti v e force aori st wh ile
an d zav a u, t ra nsit i v e
‘
t h e first aorists, 30 1 qu a a re
-
.
For m
.
,
see Gr .
—
34 9 3 5 2 .
m m
.
,
ot h e r v er b s se e Gr 4 54
m
;
mm)
. .
Gr 3 6 5 ; also t h at i t
p , 7 10 “ 8£8 ¢
p , d o n ot follo w G r 4 6 0 m
m
. .
,
Gr 50 0 , 1
. an d 4 .
78 GREEK F O R B EGINNER B .
Ex 9 3 qi vé vv vé p ovsmm M i e xa i Ao m
m
‘
oo
' '
. .
xoii o i HM 7a i ei e é x d o a v 73 é
3 p xy rea l 0 w
p p
'
7 7
m
ra v
p y
'
ov.
7 edeixa 0 w oi 06 0 i vi
'
a u 8 8 8 é 8
'
oi uov §8et eu
f ' 3 i i fi $ 0
m
0 7e 7 e
xp0
'
0 p e v 0 1 s ) a t , h
'
Hpé x)~et 7ov é k e yev 71 0 76 0 0881:
0 68(5 3 (DOC ci el m
mm
-
'
mi n a x w ei7a i rea
-
'
l[i i i
. i eflea o dp efla é v ra iida 5
'
Ica
’
70 09 p 31! 06 0 i) ? 83 i
w:
‘
v p d qv i
g
m
q o
p p
7 r7 a
x . ,
b i d fi fl
’
B o vh ezi eo de 575, k t
'
6 60 be 7 0 e wo k e /b ovs p va a e .
Z e us h ad gi v en h i m
He wh o orders (li t in habi ts)
w ll m t
. .
h is own house e ,
us al
s o settle well th e affai rs
( )
t h e e as ure of h a
pp i n ess A ge si la u s se t u p ( m i d ) . -
a trophy wh en h e (h a d)
p u t t o fl i g h t t h e e n e m y I - -
w i sh th e t rum
.
pet s w o u ld g i v e t h e si g n a l of b a t t le
Pré m
.
n ot e ve n show th e wa i w t t t g
y o r
g v e a e r o a n y s ra n e r .
Ex 95 . . m
é fev fe 7rpz§cov Epi x06 ov i; a i8chq
i ovv
’ ’
m .
i é a
[ y u h 7 6H0 I
t a l é
p y a 0-
111
22153
4 7 0 09 d vdpti
.nrovq 7 6 11 769 ,
m m
.
in evri a w a i inflowd 76
’
'
l Ni xi e 7a tea l s ebu 7a zea l
-
m ,
“ -
.
-
v a ne s m I
“
d
n 8i o 7 a e
py a i ow a i
9
131: a v7
I
e e
’
ow e e
x ei a r s e 7 €
pg0
9 v
m
A Q I I
m
.
,
d O ei a u 0 0 0 ¢ LOT j
IQ if8 w p p i' v
y a i eh a ic
p 0 683 :7 3
0
' ’
m
,
¢ ev8ei 70 d 7
z 5in 5770 0 oi o
. i i 8i/ca i oc i oi li d/LOL
‘
, m
8ixa w i 76 075d0 w a i oi 83 d8 0 t dufipan roc Ka i 70 139 11 611 0 0 9, m
Orja ov ra i d8ix ovv ai 8e H sia i é x ei va i o c a i a i a 7 e 1 ov
’
p
m p p 4
'
'
.
m ( V
' fl u
'
.
d x M
m
'
7
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. , .
A
m 7ro7
u7wv
A
bofiwv evr
I a
i k
t A I
m w eo w MI
m 4v
7u r a a a v at
q 7a
'
p a
7 0 5.
( dei ovo i
p p
'
70 09 fipo70 69 2
70 9 Bp 0 70 29 dei Mia a t e x epci v -
m
.
'
Ti a a pp n ii ( ii/w o e 6009 dike
m
£
-
e v s,
h 0 1582 i
3 p ia u i n rl8a éxop ev
’
I
'
t a t ( ie ( ( ) , .
, m
wa i y évow 7 7p09 eé 7 vxe0 7 epos 7d 89 dM buosoe tea l
’ '
‘
,
’
,
I6 110 3 «
i 0 a t vva ucl a e wm u 8i8w w 7 (p oo ls
I
”
V f
7 v 0 te s y px o
'
0 ) . .
n i an s sai d Ni ci as I h e l e d u u h b ut w d i
p yo c ; n o s
ei w) m st ren th an d
, ,
e ase an d
p ai n are w asti n
g (qbd p y g
I m
,
i x ed .
1
Gr 5 2 3 , 9 ;
.
9
a2 s, 8 .
GREE K F OR BEGINNERS .
XV II Moon s . .
99 . Synta x f
o the Infin i ti ve .
In gen eral ,
Gr 9 38, 9 4 3 , 94 5 , 9 58
. 94 6 .
m
Ri e a nn —U sually 60 76 , be fore th e i nfini ti ve denot in g te
m
.
,
p r ed ica ti ve force of t h e fi ni t e md oo s wi t h th e sa m (G e r.
(7
10 76 arci v7a M fiei v 13 7rci v7
’ ’
a 7 tiva i dvrofia h eiv
'
6 1s .
E
'
7 011 ( byd wa x a 7 6 0 71 ) 81 11 8 16 10 1 9 ( 50 76 70 M B
5 e v .
ui
q p 80 16 6 21! dp ov, dM ei va t 067 m W ai 6p0039’ ’
. m
X a N a86 a v 701:EXk é 8a 0 030 6 011 , {4 1 6 29 8 ( if/ro
’ ' ’
1
m
y c
px e .
. m
6411) dvrt éva c 67rd 86 76 vé0 0a i 6712 7 13 oix ia ti f [1 610 711
f n zei
m 7a 7 ta d vew 06pa v a 6 7r0v 0 13701 o v .
n a a Pa a ioi s dvrei
c
7ra 0 7 0 81xa i ov
' '
7a i
p p .
m
7 011 8t xa w 0 15 yv 0 13701 0 éfio v ( 50 76 16t
7 0 09 0 0 09 M 0 0 9 i; 70 09 7 61 11 55k ti /cove
7 p .
‘5 7
‘
Gr . 94 2 ; 9
94 0 ; 8
94 0 b ; 4
94 1 ; 5
9 4 7; 5 0 3, 20 ; 1 0 23 ;
8
74 1 ; 9
5 3 9, s ; 10
958 H Pcri s 19
Gr 9 5 1 ; 18
952 ; 14
94 4
.
p . . .
GREE K F OR BEGINNERS .
1 02 . Exerci ses on
l 5 i dl la 815,
‘
e ua t 70 1 9 7rol e10 ov9 71
I
Wp B o i : y p
a vew , 0 11 717
1 e
c1 a u 7 00 10 17 1
9
1 806 8
00 6 1! 0
I
0 ov r l 07a 0
I
1
C Q A
67 0 x0 11 61:733 cvyopa Gz l
’
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1
.
y 1 [0 11 7 1
4 10 10 0 ,
1
7 7s 80 0 00 1 1 659 8 i 8
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1 l 0 9 n) 60 7 0 9 j
o e7 a 0 l e y
v 0 1 11 0 6 0,
.
’
dw0 0 0 19 owe
2 v 7
0 70 ov va i 8a p 00 0 15v7a
0
70 1 95 671 0 -
0110 1 1170 9 . 5 0 1 586 09 770 770 76 5 duol o'ydi v 81 80106 21)
éé l m fi 7 0 cil l a
1
'
06 w a
p6 0 ci 9
LG
[ / L 06 l é ywv 78
3 15 0 01
m
.
A I A A I f
v110 0a 0 770 11 0 1 11
g 9
ex wall ow 0 0 11 00 7 0 117 6 9 70
p f
0 0 fy a c s
0 0 00 150 0 1a ive0 o i i 0 0 0 d d d 0
'
d y l l l l
m
a0 p ) p e 7 0
a
p v x 9 7
m
1 . 1!
I f
8i 8
9 9 3 G 3 (I
p
7 0 7rov a .
p s a i as a u
x 0 ) a 0x wv, a l l 0 0 7 09
m
. . .
yself ha vin g
Th e barb ari an ca m
.
re a t arm en sla v e i t to hi m :
.
g y t o self E very on e ex
- - - -
.
c uses h i m — —
self w h e n h e h as erre d Th ey sen t away -
.
-
- -
ire d by
.
the ci ti z en s.
4
1
Gr 9 70 ;
.
9
9 73 ; a 5 33 , 1 ; 74 2 .
M O ODB .
l
0a vp a 0 7bv 70 0 x 0 0 0 W OO 91 oi 80 vl eia v It a l 86 0 p . .
°
1 0 11 6815
’
4 0 3 0 15 0 0 5 1 50 5 170 l a t d
m
1 10 6 0 0 0 6 ,
0 1 76 0 7 0 11 0 1 1 7 71 10 1 yx
1 6 01 800 701 4163 0 11
1 / 1 f w pé r 711009 701 6 0 1761170 , Ka
.
“
1 5 -
'
n é 1 9 610 6 211 69 0 6 l é ye0, xa l 019 70 , efyew 0 1516 610 0 06
‘ ‘
v
p l .
If A 0 0 70 76l 1) 9 6 0 1 77
’ '
p p 786 0 9 7 i 0 15 7
90 w e
py y
a e o v ev 656 o
m
,
A I
4 A
0
,
'
5
; t
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5
2 1 7rp0170 9 611 703 0 00 oi p 71 0 6110 0 11
'
m
7 a l x i8a 9 7r 0 9 Ad /
A I
m
m
a v 6 071 0 117a , Al l0 10 111! 17
Q A
mm
m
p 1
'
0 6 0 9
70 15 K oi} n ol l 0ix 09 8 6
p w ,
ask i ng th e o A
) p e (b
y) ( q ue sti n
) t .
a u i n v asi on i n t o Atti ca
-
Th e te rri tory was large an d .
dn be i n g i a
s ulte d Socrates used t o pray to the go ds sim
.
p ly t-
o - -
g i ve
g o od t hi n gs fe eli n g th at th ey best kn ew (li t as
,
- - - -
. 4
best kn o wi ng) what i s goo d Not being able to fin d .
I will m
, ,
o ve th e earth ”
.
1
Gr 50 6 , l . . Dori c for B1i pa1r o11 fro
’
m8 51 6 1 1 7713, Gr 1 4 9
. . Gr
.
969 c .
84 GREEK F OR B EG INNERS .
md mp
.
.
mp f
i er ect or lu
p p e rfect sub j un cti v e as i t w e re ( Gr 88 1 It
mt
.
,
m f th
.
t o be illustrat ed .
89 0 . Clas ses an d
“
s
”
di stin guished, Gr .
89 1 .
—
. .
is n ee ded, to Gr .
—
8 9 2 90 0 l t e th e st ud e n t classi fy th e con di
Ex 1 0 3 . . 7ra1 17a
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Gr 59 ;
. 4 91 .
.
86 GR EEK F O R BEGINNERS .
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Notes —
4 186 Gr 5 3 9 , 4 ; cf 38 7 b ,
1 67
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b
m
, .
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n ow 10 017
. 01 crasi s of 10 0 0 6705 , v eri ly (a en
) . .
8 0 0 11 . Joi n e d t o th e relati v e ,
0 11 gi v es i t an i n d efi n i te
force ,
w h a tsoever .
h
{ 0 10 770 06 2
qu i c e ns k .
100 00019 (
100 7 0 , o
acc rdi n
g as .
k
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,e .
l
0 00 51100 9
et e rn al
m 0 6 70 3 63 17106 11 0
.
7 0 06 7 , h as pass ed .
of Cyrus .
m oon s . 87
0777 00 1
7 0 1 9 8 00 ¢ 0 X 0 0 11 80 1
710 E 5
1 70 0 11 « 0
y p 0 1
. 9 10
p 0 7 01 11 ,
3 0 15706 7 0 0 M 3 6 0 M 7 67 0 17 0, 0 0 7 0 0 7 0 2 9 a 7
p0 7 0a 17 a 0 9 6 0 11 ,
11 0 ¢ 0 72110 9 6 0776
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0 x p0
p . 0 ,
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7 77 N
m
- 0
7 7 1 0 1 7
0 5 ;
”
0 60 77 760 11 70 15 05
5
80 100 0 1570 0 9 60 11 70 15 6 011 0 0 6 6 11 7 7 7 ,
x p0
100 0 777
'
100 7770 70 7
. 0 051 61 709
1 1 0 800 3 0 70 111 3 6700 9 0 11 0p0 1 770 111
5
S U V é p GIJOQ 0 17 6 211 00 0 11 0 158 6 15 770 0 6
5
5
1
4
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100
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7 p .
7 0 21 7 7 70
p 0 0 1 0 6 0 11
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1 7 0 ¢ 0 702 11 0 9 é éM O G 10 0 0 6 0776 11
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m 00 00 7 0 611 70 0 0 11017 70 9 0 511 6 15 0 06 0 0 11
k 5
x p
°
,
0 6 760 0 11 0 0 6 717
157 11 776 0 01 6 11 60 00 0 717 9 3 0 0 07 0 60 1 9 8 0 110
7 7 7
Notes p 5 0 6 11 77 09 ) li t b e for e ; 77
( p
. 77 1 0
p 0 soo n e r , . .
,
th a n 770 0 80 26 11 77 09
( p
b
7ra 0 surren d e r
.
p p , .
70 1570 i n an swer t o th is ‘1
Gr 5 1 9 , 4 0 0 70770 06 270 0 .
m
, . .
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f
611 7 09 G r 7 5 7 3 0 8 00
m m
.
, . .
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1 0 6 7 80 Med ea, h av i n g
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mq m
y
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’
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8
7ra 2 a£ 7r osewrei v B é ko 3 76
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p u
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'
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p x p p
et
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mi '
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xfi pa lea } 71 1 69 0 17 0 1: a fl yevé q r éw
7 .
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k
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1 Bpo roi s
’
a in os x a x wv
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p 1 7
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1.6 0 e .
Notes . d
y pgi v e s t h e reason for 7r osewrei v Bou
p l e
‘
pa s
b
G r 2 1 6 , 20 wpoc m rov ( 71 7 9 ,
1 6 coun t e
m
. . .
o
‘
n an ce .
d
r
p B M
oQy (w po qfi é h
o l w) e b rac e w h e n/c g
m
, , .
t en der, L . ollis
xp é s sk n ,
i . fl esh 8 w
x p é co ( ai a
x p )
‘
, .
,
I depart .
h
0 169 76 , G r 1 0 0 0 014 069, wrath k
B onfi . . .
nn esi an war
po .
Tobe p év l oyous
A A017va lwv of:
’
m
-
o 70 W
mt
.
ge n e rally g i ve n w i th su ffi ci e n t d e t a i l t h e sy n on y os apt
mm
,
st ud e n t s
’
for a gi v e n c a se h as b ee n so e t i e s l eft fo r t h e
mi l m
.
mm
.
mmth
.
G ri ’
s a s t h at an aspi rat e i n th e classi cal la n guages i s
r epresent ed by a mid dl mt e u e i n Low Ger m an ( or En gli sh) ,
1
Ca nn on —Th e referen ce s of th e V oca b ulary s ti ll refe r t o th e old
an d wh erever i gh t p
e rove h elpful, th e t a ble, Gr pp 4 0 6 4 2 2,
tly dj t th m
. .
an d by a s m th mut
oo e in High m ; mi ddl mt i th
Ge r an a e a e n e
m)
Ge r an an d by a r ou gh m ut i t h H iegh G m ;n d e er an an a
m th mt m
,
s oo u e in th e class i li
ca p s ret d by h t
re sen e
g i a rou a e n
t h e Low Ger m an , a n d by a m
i ddl mt e u e in t h e High Ger m an .
‘
Th us
Ht e n G m .
Toch ter
[Pr uodor]
[Ka rt en ]
Th e word s i n bracke ts are i n t he old for m
my mgw d
.
m
.
t o 61 0 9.
Th e 0 . Eng bruca n
. t o d igest , t o e at , to en oy , j to s to mh ac ,
to
en d ur e, to brook .
m
E g , w h ile ar {1p appears as fa th er , w e h ave also p a tri oti c ;
-
m
. .
of Appen di x
1
Hen ce we fin d th e Engli sh s ooth
sh all m mt u e corre spon di n g t o
th us 6 n
’
r un, I agree so m ew h at wi th so e on e m .
Nouns
wh ose ge niti ve i s not sh own a re of t h e first or
secon d d e clensi on ; t h e ir i nfl ec ti on i s th us suffici en t ly i n di
arke t, b uy .
a lp h a p ri va ti
4 83 ; cop u
ve dy s pe é w, 4 72, I ad dress
m
a ,
m
.
e rely to s often fi
'
ni c , u se d y p
-
xo s, ov, rus ti c , rud e , li t
m
.
p r on u n ci a ti on , as i n d n13 ,
-
d welli n g i n c ountry .
—
-
. .
ie a a
m
n
m
, , .
5 M p v czye often
’’
kos, 6,
’
h ere !
’
1 , a e ssenge r, e n
m
-
cr
yy e .
voy. A
( g )
n el Of 570 ( De a gogue )
m
-
. . .
dyeipm
.
, 4 32 1 , I ga th e r
, dyé w, (Bro s, 6, a n a sse b ly, are
tog eth er .
( P a n egy r i c
-
) Of . . n a ; s truggle A
( g ny )
o . .
m
-
m
.
1 E P
''
y xvpa ,i
w 3 0 x c 3 an a n b i rth ( hil a d el h i a
p )
m
cz , .
-
m
, . .
Cf yryva xw o fl en s e
' ‘
— m
. . .
un ac qua i n te d wi th p as s i p rop er
m
, .
ti dv va r
'
, o v, o
( i o ti , h i l f th i ngs, i pos si b le
‘
a g a t e r n ;
g p a c e o
m m
'
y p q , .
rm
b li ng, ark e t, L fo d d ( f d d ) d fi ,
m m
a s se or
m
s) u es a o na t ,
m
.
,
ru ; ti e of as se bly Cf . .
5p 0 , I s i ng C f . .
dye ipw .
et a . o d e .
94 G REE K FOR B EGINNERS .
1 , a s p ass of a ipeo , I a .
’
m m h elp le s s ; p a ss , i
ean s, . m
taken , caugh t p rac t i c ab le
m
. .
a 8 63 , li t oth er wi se , b ut O ff, d e fe n d, r i n ot , 68 9 a
sp a; 63 7—
. . .
,
Cf L a lia 3 9, li t on b oth si d e s ,
m m
. . . .
e rwi s e, ch a n ge ; I gi ve or a p h i b i o n s L bi
m
, a -
.
t a ke i n ex ch a ng e , r i rw o s, ‘ ‘
dp ¢ or €p w ds v, fro b oth s i d e s ,
5 78 ; I ch an ge p la ce , leave , on b oth si d es
m
.
q u i t (P . a r a ltar ) -
. dp ¢ oh 2 5 5, b o th , L a bo . .
di m Ba lm
. .
oth e r ) 4 35 1 ; 4 1 6 , 2, I
m m
s-
.
, ,
67 0
.
m
L a li und e
m , i n
wh ere , L a libi
a n o th e r p la c e , e ls
.
e (i l
( A na ba s i s
)
I know accura te
ly, rec ogni ze , rea d , L a gno
.
m
. . .
my
.
I sp rin g, le ap . ( i '
i
xa o c, a ,
or
, als o o r, o r, of
abh or, 0 , o th er, L a li a s or wi th forc e , n ec e ssa ry .
(L
m
. .
)
p a t h y ) dvdq 6, c on s tra in t, n ec e ss i t y;
m
.
,
a li o c es si ty, i t i s un av oi d ab le , i t
m m
.
a li a s ; 6k p i n db 83, at e st
m m
. .
—
.
o n e ti e a t a n oth er ( i v d e) I l
y
-
e ad up or b ac k ; i d
m
.
, ,
su , i n a n o th er w ay , o t h er I p u t t o se a .
wi s e , L a li ter (i v ( ig
, a , or, 4 8 3, n u
. . l o o, or or 0 9
-
,
d Roy i s, or u n u tterab le , irra
m
-
.
ti on a l, i l logi ca l sp a 1a f u ( imi
m p p
7 s e s as s
- -
. . .
,
a s, é s, 6 , a g ra i n or lu p of Ket p t u, I p ut, or se t, up ; d e d
sa lt ; p l salt, L sa l i; ah , i ca te , ascri b e ; i d , I re m
m
. .
line , at th e sa e ti e wi th , to d evot e (
g e t h e r w i t h (L si u l) C f m dwbps la , i) , anli n ess, cour age m
m m
-
. . . .
dp o b ( i vd ei w , a , o n, an ] asc u
d
.
p
d p a ans, i s, u nle arn e d , i gn o li n e ; b rave (An rew )
m
- ‘
m m
.
ra n t, st up id Cf s wa drea , 6 , th e wi n d (L a n i a ,
m aor m
. . . . .
di sa pn i wo, w n {in a p )
m
a ne one
m
a on , . .
4 3 6 , 2 , I fa i1 t o h i t, i s s ;
r o w, dvfip, ( i vdpds , 6, a an , h u sb an d ,
I fa il or err, d o wron g . L vi r ( Al
.e x a n t l
e r
)
.
-
.
, fa ilure , e rr or, si n
dna p r ia , a (i x
/ 00 9 6 a b u d , fl owe r
m
'
m
.
, 6 0 9 7 , . .
m
.
,
y g o s
m
an
-
m
. .
P
m
a n erson
m
‘
. .
p ) ,
.
»
i
c p ei wov, o r , b e t t er
a p é a vos o v
c f 223 R a
m w h
. . .
;
h u an b ei n g a lso, a wo an
P
.
x (p nx j) i t o ut ( h fl a n thr op y
)
r
a -
, , .
G R EE K ENGLISH V OCABU L ARY
-
. 95
sir l y ,
-
I
l
m se n d u p or fo r th , le t d rr
2
h
5
cio r ( i
8
,
b
n ,
l
6
i
0 11
t
,
l l
d
i
u h o b
n
s
e
, 6, V ,
f
O-
l
7
1
d
m
g o r e a x a n o o
m m
.
,
.
, , ,
s e t up , ra i se up ; i n tr a ns si p y l a b s o lu t e l y
m m
. .
,
m
. .
,
i sh (C f o f, p a o s t le ) .
-
dr um
. .
6 1 30 E 2 w f d I t I f t h
‘
, , x c . , an t o u o s a lv e »
.
,
s e p o fl , g o o r ,
-
vdo s ta i n wa y, L eva d o
m
. . .
( iv ol m s o) , ( i ve r na l , 4 24 , 1 6 , li n o Balk » I t h w f f f
'
'
r o o r o
y qy
- -
, , ,
”
I ope n , di sc lose ; of 38 7b c a s t a way, lose
m
. . .
i vap o r, o u, lawles s ( i n o dt d ti a xw d 3
i
« d 8 i
m
p p a o a
y , t n
-
-
.
, ,
m
.
c h an ge ( A n t a g oni s t ) .
i r ep a
-
y ; id , I. se l l ( A p o d o .
dw a h a p d d I t a k e or
g e t i n
m
-
, , ,
m
-
fl m i s, 5 76 . killed .
, .
-
m .
m m
.
dr ew , At t « im ir co, ( m m, 4 1 9, 1 7, ( i i Kp i uo u, I gi ve b ack y
m m
-
m
.
ci i v
é q, ) , i an a s L i a d e n to d ea t h
m
, a s c . . .
6 21 0 9 , a , o v, worth y A i tin d u
( x o ) I kil l o ff d e s tro y u t
m
n g
-
.
,
f w d f w o r, 5 7 8 I cla i A
( p y ) l l o n
m
o . .
dn a y opebm(ot h er te nses fr o k d y ( p A
’
-
a n o a r ek s e n a w a o s -
.
d u a sa
-
g, i s, ap a thet ic p as si on b ac k
m
.
,
les s ci n 6 4 , m 4 2 7 1 I f a
‘
s te n,
m
.
, , ,
m
.
,
m
. . .
6 1 g, on ce , on c e for all ap se
)
m
. .
g e t h e r 828 c 8 2 9 a s t r e n g t h en e d
m
a
.
, , ,
f n a p t , I go off or a way f d d i
i
-
o r f p
o a , . u s e t o n tr o
L
-
-
.
,
a r t a o od s en se, le i s ure
p g
m —
. .
dn é xm i n tr a ns I a di s t an t i pW 6 : d i i dl e ( L e t h
m
-
t e
py
‘
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9 g t
-
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m
r w is, 58 0 ; id , I ab s ta i n a r gy )
m
.
l
-
a , .
e al, silver, L a rg
m
e. p e n s
m
. .
e n tu L astrn
star,
m m
. a or po v, 70 a .
( m 4 44
, .
l
'
dp s a xw 10 , I ak e Cf da ), L t l ( t l
m d pl
,
a , p s a a s er u a
e as e , u m
.
, , .
, 5 95 b En g sta r
'
a en s , . . .
ip } i) g d o o n ess, e x cellen ce , da r n o r, al s o c an , r e , a c i ty ,
mh d l
-
s sn , , c
,
an oo , va or, L vi rtus town , L urb s
.
( A. s t y . .
( A res ) Cf dp w ro s
. .
‘ '
” ”
Apt”, p 9 or «an , 6, 202 , 1 , a o ohia , w f l i
‘
t u , q
m
x a n o e s re .
dp t dp tis, 6, n u b er ( Ari th n es s
. .
e t1 c di s tracti on , d elusi on ,
an ,
) )
m
r
,
«p un 0 9 , r) , or, b es t, 223 B a
-
j di cia l b li nd ness
u . cala. i
( A r i s t o c r ac y
-
ty ( A t e o f Sh a k )
m
. . .
«6, agai n , an ew ; on th e ot h e r
e n ou h , i t sa ti sfi es
g L a r h an d , 8 64 L a u t, a ute m
mm
. . . . .
a v dcr, l b k
ceo . on ger
f o f a v , ac
4 6 2 a p lo w ( L a g a i n et c
m
p p
a or ov, t o . . .
a ra t r u , a ra b
, , ,
, 4 31,
,
1 , I gra sp y ar d , q u a d ra n g l e or
h a stily, sn atc h up , s e ize L ( L a ula , En g ha ll )
m
.
m
. . . .
ra i o
p ( H a rpy ) f
a b a vw, a u
fi 4 3 6 3 I a k e
m
.
g a , , ,
g
'
.
,
crease , wa z L a n gee
m
e
—
. . .
a
pxni i v a b e g i n n i n g , l e ad e r a ilp co v , t o o rr o w ( A u r or a ) . .
f
s h p r ule ; a pxq v, 552 at Cf ha s
mm
.
m
.
( M o n a r c h y)
-
. a bfl i ds v, fro t h e v e r y s p o t
a
px w , ii p5 , 0 » 4 24 , 2 , I b e g i n ,
w h er e o ne i s ; o n t h e s p ,o t
take th e lea d of, rule, 5 74 , a t on c e
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t e n t , 0 11 1711
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th an , 17 .
t ra p le on , wa r e .
'
t h a n ks , xtipt s ‘
tran sgre s s, n a pa Bacvo .
tread ,
'
t h a t , conj 0 71 , 111 1 ,
. fl a r e w.
ENGLISH GREEK -
V OC AB U LARY . 1 39
tre e , 81 v8pov
'
. up on ,
tri p up , o cta n e» up t o, 21
m
. 1 .
use , V xpé op c u
. s. 5
” 1 1 0 11 .
11 6 110 1 .
Troy, Tpo m .
true .
truly, fl
a i r ow.
m
tr u p e t , 0 19111 176 valid , 11 15p 1 o1 .
mt
.
tr uth , a l 1101 1a
'
. V en us,
turn , 8 r p61ro1 V 1 11 111 0 v e rily, 13
m1
. . . .
tr a ns . rp
-
0 1 111 . v erse , 311 0 1 .
turn out , 6 11 0 30 1 ve ry , 11 10 10
m
.
m
.
twe n ty, vi c e , xa
'
mo
a.
twi ce , vi cti vo d i
mn
, .
two, 80 0 vi ctory,
'
. t .
typ e , n nros
’
. Vi olen t , os
‘
.
voc al, 4 3 1 0 1 10 1 1 1 .
(pm
'
voi ce , wp .
v ote , 8. 7 6111
1 111
mm
.
V ulcan , Hcp
”
ar
‘
.
U lysse s ,
un ac quai n te d , 671161 1
md
.
u nar e 0 1 116 1 .
, 71 '
un d ec a i n g,
y y1 1
‘
11 p 1
a1 .
walk ab ou t,
'
un d erta k e , a 1po11 a 1
''
. wall, N i o n
“
x
un d yi n g, 6 01311 0 70 1 . wan d ,
un e d ucated , 611 0 181 0 1 0 1 wan d er, 11 3 11106 0 11 0 1
m
. .
xn
r . .
m
1 0 1
1 . .
j war , a dj 01 p11 0 1
'
un ust, 5 8
m
111 01 . . .
I a , wash , V A0 60 ) . .
wa ter, dam
”
u n willi n g, a new. p
m
.
we , 611 1 1 1 .
wea k, 00 01 11 11 .
m
. , .
a Vi e w to, c
'
wealth , 11 ) 0 0 1 0 1
'
. .
m
.
wolf, Mixe s .
won a n , 70 1 6
r
1 .
won aer,
v m
7
1 1 11 0 0 1 .
won d e r a t
8 ) “ a"
won d erful, 00 14 1 0 0 7155
, i .
wood, 5X1)
66 11 100
.
1 1.
wood y, if) 61 1 9 .
. . . .
0 11 1 31 1 ; r el 17 1 1 . . world , 116 0 11 0 3 3
. . .
m
.
, .
511 0 1 r cl o f W
write ’ YPd
m m
. . '
wh o, i n tcr r l 81
o
wn t g’ Yp ‘b'l
f ;
m
. . .
wh oe ve r, 611 1 1 1 wron g, V a d cw
m
. . .
wh ole , oh .
Wh olly, 6X1“ .
Wh y, 1 1
“
.
wi c ke d , 11 0 10 1110 1 .
wife , y e s , v ai .
Wild , y e s t e r d a y x 6 1}
m
.
,
b east, y e t, n o, 6p .
will, v .
Bovko11 0 1 , 011 111 .
yi e l d , n e i fl op a t .
willi n g, 1 11 11 1 11 .
y o k e , ( vy é v .
wi n , v 11 1 11 0 111 h
’
d t t e xei vor
‘
. .
y o n e r , a , .
wi n d , 8 a v1 11 0 1
. .
y o u , 1511 6 39 .
Wi n e, 0 1110 1 .
y o u n g , s r exvov ; a d
.
j
'
wisd o , 0 0 ¢ ia .
y o u t h , vea a s, o s
'
‘
.
14 2 ca m s on a mm u nns.
mdifi d th mi
m
o e e a n notion, i e. , th e a fi c or p e
r x fi o fl
f i n ecti o n
mp
. .
Co I w i t w i h i yp ¢ , I w w it i g y p
'
7p are
, r e , t a o v as r n , e
W p e ,
omm m
th e r killed , q p oxr dvos ,
ot h er ki l
-
li ng O n t h e m -
.
mti
t h e for a ve pa rt would ten d t oward t h e con trary effec t .
Rh yt h m mi mb
,
i c accen t 8
( ) was d e te r ned b y th e nu er and q ua n
mp m
.
of th e m asculi ne s. It ca m by e p ost ’
is ‘
i t w as sen t by
p ost
’
; b ut he ca m by t he e t rai n c an n ot b e paraph rased i n
t he sa mm e an ner
”
As we ta ke i n an i mt a e t h i ngs i n th e ass, m
mi i
.
my m
.
follows
r un s. v mw or ACT ION m s m ar ru m
mpl t m
. . .
m m
. . .
mpl t
.
C mpl t d
. . . .
C mpl t d
. . . .
Gr 8 2 8
. a.
APPEfIDIX . 14 3
Illustrated wi th 7p
i m
m ,
Lat . scr ibe, th e foregoin g beco m es
m
m
{wa nt on I was wr i ti ng, L . ea
'
i bcba
ib m
.
[ sh a l
l wr i te ( or be any). L . ccr a .
m
'
17.wee" -
I h a d wr i tten, L scri ca a
p
'
mi p i
. .
( ” c an I wrote, L. e .
mh
.
mp
.
= I sh all b e lov ed .
“
It i s i ort an t, h ow ev er, t o ob ser ve
th at no i nfl ecti on i s ar bi tr a ry ; i t is now ce rt ai n t h at e v e ry
q
—t h e r epre sen tat i v e of t h e root j a i re ‘
to go .
’
“
Th e w h ole conce pti on , t h e refore, is syn th et i cally b uilt up
m m m
m
of th e ele ents, Th ere w ill be ( 170 ) a goin g ( q) t o
- -
ak e ( 6) e
(p m) lo ve d (e ) A n d a on g a l
l t h e u ltimt ud i n ous f o r m m s
md
.
mti
a th e d ifferen t parts, b ut to w ell un d erst ood and regular
on of
m
, , ,
( Goth i c i
g p ,
re a st i )
g p g p
r ri
m
. . .
my p
.
,
”
Th e ve rb
“
sta nd, past “
stood, is an i n stan ce fro
English of a for mti a on of th e presen t an alogous t o th e n asa l
fi i
a m (p d -
WM Gr 5 1 9 , 7) i s a n i n stan ce of pleon as in
mti m m
, .
e ned a pt- Br os .
m t h t th i m
,
mth md
’
p h onet i cally; e .
g .
,
a ipé co, 3pxopa c, fro e ass u e roots fa p
C mp
.
( Macm
.
Ph ilology .
14 6 e nn ui :FOR n mm m nn .
I h a ve
I sp eak
I turn
wealt hy
I mk
a e j oyous
t i vsa, ex cept p p
ro er na es, e c . , are s ufii ci en t ly e o ed in
a ddress to requi re a separat e for mf
th i s purpose
or Hen ce a .
mf
,
m
. .
Of Gr 1 4 7c . 1 5 5 a, 1 85 , 1 8 8 ; 2 1 6 , 4
mti
use
.
. . .
m
.
uch i s s ai d a b o u t cu p b o n i c c h a n g es
m
.
i i t d t r ee a b l e w h e n t h e re i s a d u e
“
Sp eec h s e a s e s a n o s ag
w l d t an d n o n e e d le s s e x p en d i
alt er n a t i o n o f v o e s a n c o n s o n a n s,
h w h i e s o u n d s a re so r e la t e d t o e a c h
t ure of b a t e n s u cc e s s v
;
m
r e
th u s ed a n d t h e o d e o f u s i n g
ot h e i n r e s p e c t t o e o rg a n s
m
r
h
t e , m t h a t t h e v oi ce p a ss e s r e a d i f r o o n e t o an o t h e r ; a n d
wh en w ords b egin an d e n d a g r e e a b ly
”
H e n c e .e u p h o n i c
v o wels wi th out an i n t e i c o n so n an t ), G r 7 5 ; t o re d u c e
rv e n n g .
s lough a wa y so u n d s w h os e e a n i n g m
i s no t v i v i d ly fe l t
”
m
.
Th e e s a t o f e up h o n y as w e s o e w h a t m is t a k e n l y t me r i t ,
m
,
i s t h eref e o r i n t h e o u t h an d n o t i n t h e ea r ; an d i t ar i se s i n
t h e sp o n ta neo u s a n d u n c o ns c i ou s c fl or t t o d o w h a t i s t o h e
d i fi erent co mm i i
un t e s—e ve n i ndi v i d uals —of th e sa m p pl ;
e eo e
mpwb
- -
mgod
.
.
,
web fro co -
e ,
o
g p
s el fro -
sp ell.
mb i m
.
—l w
.
mw
. .
mi
. .
’
mi
.
m
.
fe endi n g in ii ?
m (m )
.
7 Explai n 6 dvdpa
. oc an 1) firepow e r, r b firepo we r, i)
:(ml f ml )
,
’
a m
ket yé the foe a e or e a e ,
i llust
asrat i ng gender . Di s
ti ngui sh a ls o:an d i
o x oe, of. oixos
'
house, Gr 1 0 2 . .
a mpl es.
m m;
. . .
m q?
.
, .
p ov a a , ar m a da ( ox y t on e) , da h a a a a 86 0 770 70 , 0 6 a In '
u s, .
m
.
m
m
ste , root ? An alyze x pibv m .
m m
.
,
m
.
deno i na ti v es ( Gr
mt mp d
.
How
mgam
are os co oun n ouns an d ad ecti v es accen t ed
j ?
Di stin gui sh ¢ dti c fro mfilm; ¢ 7ti w
( ¢ a fro e ».
n adlcy ’
Greek Gra mm Revi sed, and i n pa rt rewritt en, b y
mA
s a r.
Fu nn i es Ds Foa u nt, Ph D , Professor of Classical Ph ilo l
. .
mt yG kb k i m
.
An ele
th G m
nten d ed
to se rve a s a co nlon and i d e to
m d
en a r ree oo
i t d n ro ucti o n t o t h e st ud y of X en0 p on Th e pu li s h ers
mm d th i w k t Am i
e ra a r, a n as a n .
In troductory p ri ce,
th e rea di ng of c ’
Oph on s An a b as i s . By S R . W i llow s, A M . .
m
It i s i n tend ed a s an i n t rod uct i on t o a t h oro ugh an( co preh ens i ve trea ti se on
G ree k p ros e co po s i ti on In trod uctory p ri ce, 54 cen ts
. .
Hark n e sa F i rs t G re ek B ook
’
s o pri si ng a n Out li ne of th e Cm
m m
.
Th ree M on t h s Pr ep a ra t i on for R ea di n g X en op h on
’ By .
m m
. .
in Greek, a nd Ma ny B a rtra
”
Wr os , A B , Ins tructor in Greek '
. .
i n Pa cker C
o llegia t e In sti tut e, B rooklyn .
m m
Sa p le cop ies, for exa i n a ti on, sent to lea ch mf
m
o
i n ation , on r eceip t of the i nt roductory p ri ce .
A M E R IC A N B O O K C O M P A N Y, Pu b li s h ers,
B y RO B ER T P KEEP, Ph D ,
. . .
Th e Greek Gra mm ar of Hadley and Allen has won for itself the
recogni zed as a b ook wh ich ever y Ameri can student of Greek sh ould
u
g g .
a e Dr Keep has
. do
ne, in th ese Lessons, th e work of a b idgi
r ng th e
ne w Hadley ,
an d h e has don e i t wi th such ud
J g m t w ld h
en as ou av e b een
fro mh i s in ti mt a e m y wi th th g
fa ili ari t e ra mm f P f
ar o ro e ssor Hadley ,
both in i ts older an d it ms t f m
ore recen or .
A M E R IC A N B O O K C O M PA N Y, P u b li s h e r s ,
NEW YORK , CINCINNA I. T C HICAGO .
F IRS T F O U R B O O KS O F
XENOPHONS ANABASIS
’
JAM ES R B O ISE, Ph D LL D
m
. . . . .
,
an or of Great in the U ni versity of Mich igan .
W IT H OR W IT H O U T V O CA B U LA R Y .
A M E R IC A N B O O K C O M PA N Y , P u b li s h e r s,
By HENRY C L AR K JO HNSO N, LL . B .
,
-
m
Prin cipal of t h e Philad elphi a High Sch ool, for erly Pro fessor of th e La t i n
la nguage a nd Li t era t ure in th e Leh igh U ni versi ty .
mE m
Bl oo ) a on, v mN
rs A D Ew an r
-
m .
18 mm1 8 0 pa g e . In t r o d mt ie on i
p ce,
r
m
Bei ng a co bi n ed ed i t i on of JOHNSON S F IRS T THREE ’
“ n o, 8 0 9 pa g e s In t r o d u c ti on p r i c e ,
r p a rt of th e Ilia d ev er pub
i h
s ed .
reek, f or ex a mi n a tion, on
A M E R ICA N B O O K C O M
P A N Y , P u b li s h e rs ,
NEW YORK. CINCINNAT I, CHICAGO .
STANDARD —
LATIN SERIES Con ti n ued .
C o rne li us Ne po s .
L ivy .
Selections mth
Fi rst Fi ve Books, togeth er wi th th e wen t first
fro e T y
m
-
an d T
we n t second y B
ook s en t i re ; with a Plan of Ro e, a Map of
-
b
t h e Pas sa ge of Ha nni al, a nd En gli sh Note s for t h e U se o f Sch ools
m
.
By J L LINCOLN, LL
. . I2 o In t rod uction pri ce,
. D . .
Horace .
Wi th N t d V b l y By N mB m
o es a n a oca u ar oa ur a and Human
I2m I t d t i
.
S r uaous .
p i o. n ro uc on r ce,
Germania a nd Ag ri co la of T acitus .
p ri ce ,
8 7cents .
i
.
A M E R IC A N B O O K C O M PA N Y , p u b li s h e rs,
Co m p os i t i on By B ENJAI IN Y Co a IN Pr i n c i p a l o f m
mm
. .
,
Q ua ck en b os ’
a Illus t ra te d le s s on s i n our La n g ua ge De
mm
.
Q uack en b os a ’
En g lis h Gra mm a r. 12 m o, 288 pages . In t ro
d uct i on price, 4 2 cen ts.
b
It i s rief and clear in defini ti on, luci d in a rrange mt
en ,
h app y in
illus t ra tion, prac tical i n i ts exercises .
Q u ack en b oa a ’
A d v a n ce d Course of Co mp os i t i on an d R h et
ori c. Revised edi tion. l2 m o, 4 5 3 pages . In trod ucti on
pri ce,
m
B a i n a En g lis h Co pos i t i on an d R h et ori c
’ Revi sed a nd en
m
.
m
. .
p ar t,
M P” copi es mil d
a e , p ost p
-
a i d, f or exa mi na ti on, a t the i ntroduction
A M E R ICA N B O O K C O M PA NY , P u b li s h e r s,