LINEARNA OVISNOST

79.
a) y= 7x
b) y = x – 8
1
c) y= 2 x +1

1
d) y= 3 x −5

80.
a) Da. b) Ne. c) Ne. d) Ne.

81.
a) y=−45 x+ 22
1
b) y=17.3 x− 4

c) y=−0.25 x +0.75
d) y=−1.5 x−3.2

82.
a) a=22, b = -22
b) a= -1, b = 0
1
c) a= 15 , b= 1.15

−2 9
d) a= 9 , b= 2

83.
y = 4.2x
84.
a) x = -5
y=0.5 x −1

y=0.5∙(−5)−1

y=−3.5

1
b) x= 2

y=0.5 x −1

1
y=0.5∙ −1
2
y=−0.75

c) x=−0.4
y=0.5 x −1

y=0.5∙(−0.4)−1

y=−1.2

−2
d) x= 3

y=0.5 x −1

y=0.5∙ ( −23 )−1

−4
y=
3
85.
a) x=−15
3
y= x +2
5
3
y= ∙ (−15 ) +2
5
y=−7

b) x=−15
−4
y= x−20
5
−4
y= ∙ (−15 ) −20
5
y=−−8

c) x=−15
y=−5 x +35

y=−5∙ (−15 ) +35

y=110

86.
a)
m= 5 kg
G=m∙ g

G=5 ∙ 10

G=50 N

b)
m= 500 g=0.5 kg
G=m∙ g
G=0.5∙ 10

G=5 N

c)
m= 0.5t =500 kg
G=m∙ g

G=500 ∙ 10

G=5000 N

d)
m= 0.42 kg
G=m∙ g

G=0.42∙ 10

G=4.2 N

87.
a) y=4
−1
y= x +1
2
−1
x+ 1=4
2
−1
x=4−1
2
−1
2
x=3 /:
−1
2 ( )
x=−6

b)
y=−2
 −1
y= x +1
2
−1
x+ 1=−2
2
−1
x=−2−1
2

−1
2
x=−3 /:
−1
2 ( )
x=6

c) y=0
−1
y= x +1
2
−1
x+ 1=0
2
−1
x=0−1
2
−1
2
x=−1 /:
−1
2 ( )
x=2

−3
d) y= 4

−1
y= x +1
2
−1 −3
x+ 1=
2 4
−1 −3
x= −1
2 4
−1
2
x=
−7
4
/:
−1
2 ( )
7
x=
2
 88.
Proporcionalna ovisnost u c i e.
c) x=5
x 5
y= = =1 Da.
5 5

e) x=5
2 x 10
y= = Ne.
9 9

89.
−4 x+5=9 −4 x+5=1
3
x -0.5 −4 x=4 −4 x=−4
4
x=−1 x=1
3
y y=−4 ∙ (−0.5 ) +5=7 9 1 y=−4 ∙ +5=2
4

90.
k= 100N/m
F 2 100·0.04= 4 5 100·0.01= 1 3
100 Δl = 2 100 Δl = 5 100 Δl = 3
Δl 0.04 0.01
Δl =0.02 Δl =0.05 Δl =0.03

91.
y= 5.99x

92.
y= 5x + 20

93.
a) x=−2
f ( x )=−2 x
f ( x )=−2∙ (−2 )=4

b) x=0
f ( x )=−2 x

f ( x )=−2∙ 0=0

c) x=2 .8
f ( x )=−2 x

f ( x )=−2∙ 2.8=−5.4

3
d) x= 2

f ( x )=−2 x
3
f ( x )=−2∙ =−3
2

1
e) x=4 4

f ( x )=−2 x
1 17 −17
f ( x )=−2∙ 4 =−2 ∙ =
4 4 2

94.
x = 0, y =5  5 = a·0 + b
x=1, y = 3  3 = a · 1 + b
Pojednostavimo
b=5
a+b=3
Uvrstimo b = 5 i dobijemo a + 5 = 3  a=-2
y=-2x+5
95.
a) y=−1
2
y= x −4
3
2
x−4=−1
3
2
x=4−1
3
2 2
x=3 /:
3 3
9
x=
2

b) y=2
2
y= x −4
3
2
x−4=2
3
2
x=4+2
3
2 2
x=6 /:
3 3
x=9

c) y=0
2
y= x −4
3
2
x−4=0
3
2
x=4
3
2 2
x=4 /:
3 3
x=6

d) y=0.5
2
y= x −4
3
2
x−4=0.5
3
2
x=4+0.5
3
2 9 2
x= /:
3 2 3
27
x=
4

1
e) y=−3 3

2
y= x −4
3
2 1
x−4=−3
3 3
2 1
x=4−3
3 3
2 2 2
x= /:
3 3 3
x=1

1
f) y=3 3

2
y= x −4
3
2 1
x−4=3
3 3
2 1
x=4+3
3 3
2 22 2
3
x=
3
/: 3
x=1 1

96.
a) f(x) = 0.4x − 2.2
0.4x − 2.2 = 0
0.4x = 2.2 / :0.4
x = 5.5
b) f(x) = 0.4x − 2.2
f(0) =0.4·0 − 2.2
f(0)= −2.2

c) f(x) = 0.4x − 2.2

0.4x − 2.2 = 3.8
0.4x = 6 / :0.4
x = 15

d) f(x) = 0.4x − 2.2

f(-0.1) =0.4·(-0.1) − 2.2
f(-0.1)= −2.24

97. x=0
y=3 x−3

y=3 ∙ 0−3

y=−3

b) x=−5
y=3 x−3

y=3 ∙(−5)−3
y=−18

c) x=4
y=3 x−3

y=3 ∙ 4−3

y=9

d) x=−2.3
y=3 x−3

y=3 ∙ (−2.3 ) −3

y=−9.9

2
e) x=1 3

y=3 x−3

2
y=3 ∙ 1 −3
3
y=5−3

y=2

1
98. x= 2

−1
a) y=− x= 2

1 −5
b) y=−5 x=−5· 2 = 2

1
c) y=4 x +6=4 · 2 +6=8

1
d) y=2 x=2 · 2 =1

1 1 1 7
e) y= 4 x−2= 4 · 2 −2= 8
 −2 −2 1 2
f) y= 3 x +1= 3 · 2 +1= 3

−2
99. y= 5 x−1

−2 −2
a) y= 5 x−1= 5 · (−15 )−1=5

−2 −2
b) y= 5 x−1= 5 ·5−1=−3

−2 −2
c) y= 5 x−1= 5 · 0−1=−1

−2 −2
d) y= 5 x−1= 5 · (−0.5 )−1=−0.8

−2 −2 5 −4
e) y= 5 x−1= 5 · 6 −1= 3

−2 −2 1 −2 3 −8
f) y= 5 x−1= 5 ·1 2 −1= 5 · 2 −1= 5

100. y=2 x−5

a) 2 x−5=−1
2 x=5−1

2 x=4 :/ 2

x=2

b) 2 x−5=1
2 x=5+1

2 x=6 :/ 2

x=3

c) 2 x−5=0
2 x=5
 5
x=
2

d) 2 x−5=−2
2 x=5−2

2 x=3 :/ 2

3
x=
2

e) 2 x−5=−5
2 x=5−5

2 x=0 :/ 2

x=0

f) 2 x−5=4
2 x=5+4

2 x=9 :/ 2
9
x=
2

101.
−1 −1
x=0.5 x=−1 1
x 10 4 4 1
3
x=−2 x=4
−1 −1 −5 −1 −1 1 −1
y y= x= ∙ 10= 0.5 -1 y= x= ∙1 =
4 4 2 4 4 3 3

102.
y= -3x

103.
y= -x +3

104.
x = 0, y = -2  -2 = a · 0 + b  b = -2
x=1 , y = 1  1 = a ·1 + b
a+b =1
Uvrstimo b = -2
a -2 = 1
a= 3

y=3x -2

DOPUNSKI ZADACI
105.
a) y=12 x−2
1
b) y=−5.4 x+ 2

1
c) y= 4 x

d) y=−0.5 x−2.25

106.
a) a=−5 , b=−3
b) a=1 , b=0
−2
c) a= 3 , b=0.1

−3
d) a=1 , b= 4

107. y=− x+3

 a) y=− x+3=−1+3=2
b) y=− x+3=0+3=3
c) y=− x+3=−(−2 ) +3=2+3=5
d) y=− x+3=−(−5 ) +3=5+3=8
108. x = −3
a) y=− x=−(−3 )=3
b) y=−4 x=−4 · (−3 )=12
c) y=2 x−5=2· (−3 )−5=−11
d) y=x +3=−3+3=0

109.
x 0 5 -1 1
y y=3 x−4=0−4=−4 y=3 x−4=15−4=11 y=3 x−4=−3−4=−7
y=3 x−4=3−4=−1

110. y=−2 x +5
a) −2 x+5=1
−2 x=−5+1

−2 x=−4

x=2

b) −2 x+5=4
−2 x=−5+ 4

−2 x=−1
1
x=
2

c)−2 x+5=−9
−2 x=−5−9

−2 x=−1 4
x=7

d) −2 x+5=0
−2 x=−5+0

−2 x=−5
5
x=
2

POVEŽITE I PRIMIJENITE
111.
y – opseg, x – duljina stanice
y=3x
a) x= 22 cm
y= 3 · 22 cm = 66 cm

b) y = 252 cm
3x=252
x=84 mm

112.
y – težina, x – masa
a) y= 10x
b) y= 10 · 82 = 820 N
c) 10x = 695
x = 69.5 kg

113.
a) y – put, x – vrijeme
y= 86x
b) y = 86 · 7 = 602 km

c) x= 2.5 h
y = 86 · 2.5 = 215 km

d) y=344 km
86x=344 / :86
x=4 h

e) y= 400 km
86x=400 / :86
x=4.65 h

114.
y − Ftr x – G , μ=20% = 0.2
Ftr 0.2·1.5=0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.9
G 1.5 2 3 4 4.5

115.
a) y – broj stranica, x – dani
y =30x + 20
b) x= 3
y=30·3+20= 90+20=110
c) y=110
30x + 20 = 110
30x = 110 -20
30x=90/:30
x= 3 dana
d) y= 170
30x+20=170
30x=170-20
30x=150 / : 30
x= 5
Hoće.

116.
y =170 - 30x – 20 = -30x +150
a) x=4 dana
y= -30·4+150 = -120 + 150 = 30

b) y = 0
-30x + 150 = 0
-30x= -150
x= 5 dana

117.
y – masa, x – obujam
a) y=2.6x
b) x = 110 cm3
y= 2.6·110 = 286 g

118.
a) y – preostali novac , x – dani
y= 2500 – 400 - 350·2x
y= -700x +2100
y=0 – sve će potrošiti
-700x+2100=0
-700x=-2100
x= 3

b) y= -700x +2100
c)
Smještaj bi platili 700·2 = 1400 kuna.

IZ SVIJETA RADA
119.
a) y – zakasnina, x – dani kašnjenja
y = 2·0.75x = 1.5x
b) y=15
1.5x = 15
x= 10 dana
c) x= 4 dana
y= 1.5·4= 6 kn

120.
a) y -zarada, x – radni sati
y=100x + 100

b) y= 250
100x+100 = 250
100x = 250 – 100
100x=150
x= 1.5 h

c) x=3
y= 100·3 + 100
y= 400 kn

121.
a) y – cijena vožnje, x – kilometri
y=4.5x+20

b) y= 560
4.5x+20=560
4.5x = 540 / : 4.5
x=120

c) x=75 km
y=4.5·75 + 20 =357.50 kn

DODATNI ZADACI
122.
y= 110, x = 15
y=150, x = 25

10 km – 40 kn  1 km – 4 kn
15·4 +b = 110
60 + b = 110
b= 100 – 60
b= 50 kn
početak vožnje se naplaćuje 50 kn, a svaki km 4 kn
b) y= 4x + 50

c) a = 4, b= 50